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Chebotarev AS, Ledyaeva VS, Patsap OI, Ivanov AA, Fedotov AB, Belousov VV, Shokhina AG, Lanin AA. Multimodal label-free imaging of murine hepatocellular carcinoma with a subcellular resolution. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300228. [PMID: 37679905 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate label-free imaging of genetically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a murine model provided by two- and three-photon fluorescence microscopy of endogenous fluorophores excited at the central wavelengths of 790, 980 and 1250 nm and reinforced by second and third harmonic generation microscopy. We show, that autofluorescence imaging presents abundant information about cell arrangement and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), harmonics generation microscopy provides a versatile tool for fibrogenesis and steatosis study. Multimodal images may be performed by a single ultrafast laser source at 1250 nm falling in tissue transparency window. Various grades of HCC are examined revealing fibrosis, steatosis, liver cell dysplasia, activation of HSCs and hepatocyte necrosis, that shows a great ability of multimodal label-free microscopy to intravital visualization of liver pathology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem S Chebotarev
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Russia
| | | | - Olga I Patsap
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoli A Ivanov
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - Andrei B Fedotov
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina G Shokhina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Lanin
- Physics Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Russia
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Chou LT, Wu SH, Hung HH, Lin WZ, Chen ZP, Ivanov AA, Chia SH. Compact multicolor two-photon fluorescence microscopy enabled by tailorable continuum generation from self-phase modulation and dispersive wave generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:40315-40327. [PMID: 36298966 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
By precisely managing fiber-optic nonlinearity with anomalous dispersion, we have demonstrated the control of generating plural few-optical-cycle pulses based on a 24-MHz Chromium:forsterite laser, allowing multicolor two-photon tissue imaging by wavelength mixing. The formation of high-order soliton and its efficient coupling to dispersive wave generation leads to phase-matched spectral broadening, and we have obtained a broadband continuum ranging from 830 nm to 1200 nm, delivering 5-nJ pulses with a pulse width of 10.5 fs using a piece of large-mode-area fiber. We locate the spectral enhancement at around 920 nm for the two-photon excitation of green fluorophores, and we can easily compress the resulting pulse close to its limited duration without the need for active pulse shaping. To optimize the wavelength mixing for sum-frequency excitation, we have realized the management of the power ratio and group delay between the soliton and dispersive wave by varying the initial pulse energy without additional delay control. We have thus demonstrated simultaneous three-color two-photon tissue imaging with contrast management between different signals. Our source optimization leads to efficient two-photon excitation reaching a 500-µm imaging depth under a low 14-mW illumination power. We believe our source development leads to an efficient and compact approach for driving multicolor two-photon fluorescence microscopy and other ultrafast investigations, such as strong-field-driven applications.
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Lanin AA, Chebotarev AS, Kelmanson IV, Pochechuev MS, Fetisova ES, Bilan DS, Shevchenko EK, Ivanov AA, Fedotov AB, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Single-beam multimodal nonlinear-optical imaging of structurally complex events in cell-cycle dynamics. JPHYS PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2515-7647/ac159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We demonstrate a multimodal nonlinear-optical imaging that combines second- and third-harmonic generation (SHG and THG) with three-photon-excited fluorescence (3PEF) as a means to resolve fine details of the cell structure and trace its transformations throughout structurally complex episodes of cell-cycle dynamics, including the key stages and signatures in cell division. When zoomed in on cell mitosis, this technique enables a high-contrast multimodal imaging of intra- and extracellular signatures of cell division, detecting, via a multiplex, 3PEF/SHG/THG readout, a remarkable diversity of shapes, sizes, and symmetries in a truly single-beam setting, with no need for beam refocusing or field-waveform re-adjustment.
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Pochechuev MS, Lanin AA, Kelmanson IV, Chebotarev AS, Fetisova ES, Bilan DS, Shevchenko EK, Ivanov AA, Fedotov AB, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Multimodal nonlinear-optical imaging of nucleoli. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3608-3611. [PMID: 34329236 DOI: 10.1364/ol.416300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal nonlinear microscopy combining third-harmonic generation (THG) with two- and three-photon-excited fluorescence (2PEF and 3PEF) is shown to provide a powerful resource for high-fidelity imaging of nucleoli and nucleolar proteins. We demonstrate that, with a suitably tailored genetically encoded fluorescent stain, the 2PEF/3PEF readout from specific nucleolar proteins can be reliably detected against the extranucleolar 2PEF/3PEF signal, enabling high-contrast imaging of the key nucleolar ribosome biogenesis components, such as fibrillarin. THG is shown to provide a versatile readout for unstained nucleolus imaging in a vast class of biological systems as different as neurons in brain slices and cultured HeLa cells.
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Poem E, Golenchenko A, Davidson O, Arenfrid O, Finkelstein R, Firstenberg O. Pulsed-pump phosphorus-doped fiber Raman amplifier around 1260 nm for applications in quantum non-linear optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:32738-32749. [PMID: 33114952 DOI: 10.1364/oe.404015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe a fiber Raman amplifier for nanosecond and sub-nanosecond pulses centered around 1260 nm. The amplification takes place inside a 4.5-m-long polarization-maintaining phosphorus-doped fiber, pumped at 1080 nm by 3-ns-long pulses with a repetition rate of 200 kHz and up to 1.75 kW peak power. The input seed pulses are of sub-mW peak-power and minimal duration of 0.25 ns, carved out of a continuous-wave laser with sub-MHz linewidth. We obtain linearly polarized output pulses with peak powers of up to 1.4 kW, corresponding to peak-power conversion efficiency of over 80%. An ultrahigh small signal gain of 90 dB is achieved, and the signal-to-noise ratio 3 dB below the saturation power is above 20 dB. No significant temporal and spectral broadening is observed for output pulses up to 400 W peak power, and broadening at higher powers can be reduced by phase modulation of the seed pulse. Thus, nearly-transform-limited pulses with peak power up to 1 kW are obtained. Finally, we demonstrate the generation of pulses with controllable frequency chirp, pulses with variable width, and double pulses. This amplifier is thus suitable for coherent control of narrow atomic resonances, especially for the fast and coherent excitation of rubidium atoms to Rydberg states. These abilities open the way towards several important applications in quantum non-linear optics.
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Ivanov AA, Martynov GN, Lanin AA, Fedotov AB, Zheltikov AM. High-energy self-mode-locked Cr:forsterite laser near the soliton blowup threshold. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1890-1893. [PMID: 32236025 DOI: 10.1364/ol.384850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
At the level of peak powers needed for a Kerr-lens mode-locked operation of solid-state soliton short-pulse lasers, a periodic perturbation induced by spatially localized pulse amplification in a laser cavity can induce soliton instability with respect to resonant dispersive-wave radiation, eventually leading to soliton blowup and pulse splitting of the laser output. Here, we present an experimental study of a high-peak-power self-mode-locking Cr:forsterite laser, showing that, despite its complex, explosion-like buildup dynamics, this soliton blowup can be captured and quantitatively characterized via an accurate cavity-dispersion- and gain-resolved analysis of the laser output. We demonstrate that, with a suitable cavity design and finely tailored balance of gain, dispersion, and nonlinearity, such a laser can be operated in a subcritical mode, right beneath the soliton blowup threshold, providing an efficient source of sub-100-fs 15-20 MHz repetition-rate pulses with energies as high as 33 nJ.
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Lanin AA, Chebotarev AS, Pochechuev MS, Kelmanson IV, Kotova DA, Bilan DS, Ermakova YG, Fedotov AB, Ivanov AA, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Two- and three-photon absorption cross-section characterization for high-brightness, cell-specific multiphoton fluorescence brain imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900243. [PMID: 31568649 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an accurate quantitative characterization of absolute two- and three-photon absorption (2PA and 3PA) action cross sections of a genetically encodable fluorescent marker Sypher3s. Both 2PA and 3PA action cross sections of this marker are found to be remarkably high, enabling high-brightness, cell-specific two- and three-photon fluorescence brain imaging. Brain imaging experiments on sliced samples of rat's cortical areas are presented to demonstrate these imaging modalities. The 2PA action cross section of Sypher3s is shown to be highly sensitive to the level of pH, enabling pH measurements via a ratiometric readout of the two-photon fluorescence with two laser excitation wavelengths, thus paving the way toward fast optical pH sensing in deep-tissue experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A Lanin
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Artem S Chebotarev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matvei S Pochechuev
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya V Kelmanson
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Kotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G Ermakova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrei B Fedotov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Ivanov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Photochemistry Centre, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei M Zheltikov
- Physics Department, International Laser Center, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Lanin AA, Pochechuev MS, Chebotarev AS, Kelmanson IV, Bilan DS, Kotova DA, Tarabykin VS, Ivanov AA, Fedotov AB, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Cell-specific three-photon-fluorescence brain imaging: neurons, astrocytes, and gliovascular interfaces. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:836-839. [PMID: 32058483 DOI: 10.1364/ol.45.000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present brain imaging experiments on rat cortical areas, demonstrating that, when combined with a suitable high-brightness, cell-specific genetically encoded fluorescent marker, three-photon-excited fluorescence (3PEF), enables subcellular-resolution, cell-specific 3D brain imaging that is fully compatible and readily integrable with other nonlinear-optical imaging modalities, including two-photon-fluorescence and harmonic-generation microscopy. With laser excitation provided by sub-100-fs, 1.25-µm laser pulses, cell-specific 3PEF from astrocytes and their processes detected in parallel with a three-photon-resonance-enhanced third harmonic from blood vessels is shown to enable a high-contrast 3D imaging of gliovascular interfaces.
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Pochechuev MS, Lanin AA, Kelmanson IV, Bilan DS, Kotova DA, Chebotarev AS, Tarabykin V, Fedotov AB, Belousov VV, Zheltikov AM. Stain-free subcellular-resolution astrocyte imaging using third-harmonic generation. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:3166-3169. [PMID: 31199407 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.003166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate stain-free, high-contrast, subcellular-resolution imaging of astroglial cells using epi-detected third-harmonic generation (THG). The astrocyte-imaging capability of THG is verified by colocalizing THG images with fluorescence images of astrocytes expressing a genetically encodable fluorescent reporter. We show that THG imaging with an optimized point-spread function can reliably detect significant subcellular features of astrocytes, including cell nuclei, as well as the soma shape and boundaries.
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