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SoRelle ED, Yecies DW, Liba O, Bennett FC, Graef CM, Dutta R, Mitra S, Joubert LM, Cheshier S, Grant GA, de la Zerda A. Spatiotemporal Tracking of Brain-Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells in Vivo through Optical Coherence Tomography with Plasmonic Labeling and Speckle Modulation. ACS NANO 2019; 13:7985-7995. [PMID: 31259527 PMCID: PMC8144904 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
By their nature, tumors pose a set of profound challenges to the immune system with respect to cellular recognition and response coordination. Recent research indicates that leukocyte subpopulations, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), can exert substantial influence on the efficacy of various cancer immunotherapy treatment strategies. To better study and understand the roles of TAMs in determining immunotherapeutic outcomes, significant technical challenges associated with dynamically monitoring single cells of interest in relevant live animal models of solid tumors must be overcome. However, imaging techniques with the requisite combination of spatiotemporal resolution, cell-specific contrast, and sufficient signal-to-noise at increasing depths in tissue are exceedingly limited. Here we describe a method to enable high-resolution, wide-field, longitudinal imaging of TAMs based on speckle-modulating optical coherence tomography (SM-OCT) and spectral scattering from an optimized contrast agent. The approach's improvements to OCT detection sensitivity and noise reduction enabled high-resolution OCT-based observation of individual cells of a specific host lineage in live animals. We found that large gold nanorods (LGNRs) that exhibit a narrow-band, enhanced scattering cross-section can selectively label TAMs and activate microglia in an in vivo orthotopic murine model of glioblastoma multiforme. We demonstrated near real-time tracking of the migration of cells within these myeloid subpopulations. The intrinsic spatiotemporal resolution, imaging depth, and contrast sensitivity reported herein may facilitate detailed studies of the fundamental behaviors of TAMs and other leukocytes at the single-cell level in vivo, including intratumoral distribution heterogeneity and roles in modulating cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Daniel SoRelle
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Derek William Yecies
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Orly Liba
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Claus Moritz Graef
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Dutta
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siddhartha Mitra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lydia-Marie Joubert
- Cell Sciences Imaging Facility, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samuel Cheshier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald A. Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 299 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Abstract
In vivo imaging, which enables us to peer deeply within living subjects, is producing tremendous opportunities both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. Contrast material is often required to clearly visualize the functional architecture of physiological structures. Recent advances in nanomaterials are becoming pivotal to generate the high-resolution, high-contrast images needed for accurate, precision diagnostics. Nanomaterials are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and modularity of design. Indeed, for several imaging modalities, nanomaterials are now not simply ancillary contrast entities, but are instead the original and sole source of image signal that make possible the modality's existence. We address the physicochemical makeup/design of nanomaterials through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality-we stratify nanomaterials on the basis of their (i) magnetic, (ii) optical, (iii) acoustic, and/or (iv) nuclear properties. We evaluate them for their ability to provide relevant information under preclinical and clinical circumstances, their in vivo safety profiles (which are being incorporated into their chemical design), their modularity in being fused to create multimodal nanomaterials (spanning multiple different physical imaging modalities and therapeutic/theranostic capabilities), their key properties, and critically their likelihood to be clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ronain Smith
- Stanford University , 3155 Porter Drive, #1214, Palo Alto, California 94304-5483, United States
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- The James H. Clark Center , 318 Campus Drive, First Floor, E-150A, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
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Jia Y, Liu G, Gordon AY, Gao SS, Pechauer AD, Stoddard J, McGill TJ, Jayagopal A, Huang D. Spectral fractionation detection of gold nanorod contrast agents using optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:4212-25. [PMID: 25836459 PMCID: PMC4394760 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.004212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the proof of concept of a novel Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography contrast mechanism using gold nanorod contrast agents and a spectral fractionation processing technique. The methodology detects the spectral shift of the backscattered light from the nanorods by comparing the ratio between the short and long wavelength halves of the optical coherence tomography signal intensity. Spectral fractionation further divides the halves into sub-bands to improve spectral contrast and suppress speckle noise. Herein, we show that this technique can detect gold nanorods in intralipid tissue phantoms. Furthermore, cellular labeling by gold nanorods was demonstrated using retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Jia
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239,
USA
- Co-first authors
| | - Gangjun Liu
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239,
USA
- Co-first authors
| | - Andrew Y. Gordon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
USA
| | - Simon S. Gao
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239,
USA
| | - Alex D. Pechauer
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239,
USA
| | - Jonathan Stoddard
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239,
USA
| | - Trevor J. McGill
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239,
USA
| | - Ashwath Jayagopal
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
USA
| | - David Huang
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239,
USA
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Xu J, Yu L, Wei X, Wang X, Chui PC, Chan KT, Lam EY, Lee NP, Wong KKY. Simultaneous dual-band optical coherence tomography for endoscopic applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:126007. [PMID: 25490179 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.12.126007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dual-band optical coherence tomography (OCT) can greatly enhance the imaging contrast with potential applications in functional (spectroscopic) analysis. A new simultaneous dual-band Fourier domain mode-locked swept laser configuration for dual-band OCT is reported. It was based on a custom-designed dual-channel driver to synchronize two different wavelength bands at 1310 and 1550 nm, respectively. Two lasing wavelengths were swept simultaneously from 1260 to 1364.8 nm for the 1310-nm band and from 1500 to 1604 nm for the 1550-nm band at an A-scan rate of 45 kHz. Broadband wavelength-division multiplexing was utilized to couple two wavelength bands into a common catheter for circumferential scanning to form dual-band OCT. The proposed dual-band OCT scheme was applied to endoscopic OCT imaging of mouse esophageal wall ex vivo and human fingertip in vivo to justify the feasibility of the proposed imaging technique. The proposed dual-band OCT system is fast and easy to be implemented, which allows for in vivo high-speed biomedical imaging with potential applications in spectroscopic investigations for endoscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Xu
- University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Luoqin Yu
- University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xie Wang
- University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Po Ching Chui
- University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Tak Chan
- University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery, Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmund Y Lam
- University of Hong Kong, Imaging Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nikki P Lee
- University of Hong Kong, Department of Surgery, Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- University of Hong Kong, Photonic Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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