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Bhushan R. 'Ab Ovo' Chiral Phases and Chiral Reagents for Liquid Chromatographic Separation and Isolation of Enantiomers. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100295. [PMID: 35005840 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The de-novo approach of mixing chirally pure reagents or Cu(II)-L-amino acid complexes in the slurry of silica gel for preparing TLC plates was reported from author's laboratory and was successful for separation and isolation of enantiomers. Using high molar absorptivity molecules, e. g., 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and cyanuric chloride, more than 38 new chiral derivatizing reagents were synthesized in our laboratory by straightforward nucleophilic substitution with simple chiral auxiliaries. Besides, (S)-naproxen, (S)-ketoprofen, and (S)-levofloxacin were used as chiral platforms. A conceptual approach using both achiral phases in chromatography for enantioseparation was also adopted. 1 H NMR and DFT based software were used to explain structures of non-covalent and covalent diastereomeric pairs and determination of configuration and separation mechanism. The methods can be easily used to determine and control enantiomeric purity with advantages over a variety of commercial chiral phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, Roorkee, India
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2
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Nagar H, Vyas R, Bhushan R. Microchemical enantioseparation of betaxolol and orciprenaline by reversed phase HPLC. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hariom Nagar
- Department of chemistry Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur India
| | - Renu Vyas
- Department of chemistry Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur India
| | - Ravi Bhushan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee India
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3
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Ružena Č, Jindra V, Renáta H. Chirality of β2-agonists. An overview of pharmacological activity, stereoselective analysis, and synthesis. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstractβ2-Agonists (β2-adrenergic agonists, bronchodilatants, and sympathomimetic drugs) are a group of drugs that are mainly used in asthma and obstructive pulmonary diseases. In practice, the substances used to contain one or more stereogenic centers in their structure and their enantiomers exhibit different pharmacological properties. In terms of bronchodilatory activity, (R)-enantiomers showed higher activity. The investigation of stereoselectivity in action and disposition of chiral drugs together with the preparation of pure enantiomer drugs calls for efficient stereoselective analytical methods. The overview focuses on the stereoselectivity in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of β2-agonists and summarizes the stereoselective analytical methods for the enantioseparation of racemic beta-agonists (HPLC, LC-MS, GC, TLC, CE). Some methods of the stereoselective synthesis for β2-agonists preparation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Čižmáriková Ružena
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Valentová Jindra
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Horáková Renáta
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
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4
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Nicolaou AG, Mavroudi MC, Stavrou IJ, Weatherly CA, Kapnissi-Christodoulou CP. Synergistic enantioseparation systems with either cyclodextrins or cyclofructans and L-alanine Tert butyl ester lactate. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:539-546. [PMID: 30450594 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The combined use of chiral ionic liquids (CILs) and conventional chiral selectors (CSs) in CE, to establish a synergistic system, has proven to be an effective approach for the separation of enantiomeric pairs. In this study, a new CE method was developed, employing a binary system of a CS, either a cyclodextrin (CD) or a cyclofructan (CF), and a chiral amino acid ester-based ionic liquid (AAIL), for the chiral separation of four basic, acidic and zwitterionic drug compounds. In particular, the enantioseparation of two anticoagulants, warfarin (WAR) and coumachlor (COU), a non-opioid analgesic, nefopam (NEF) and a third-generation antihistamine, fexofenadine (FXD), was examined, by supporting the BGE with a CS and the chiral AAIL L-alanine tert butyl ester lactate (L-AlaC4 Lac). Parameters, such as the type of the CS, the concentration of both the CS and L-AlaC4 Lac, and the BGE pH, were methodically examined in order to optimize the chiral separation of each analyte. It was observed that, in some cases, the addition of the AAIL into the BGE improved both resolution (Rs ) and efficiency (N) significantly. In other cases, the synergistic effect enabled baseline separation of analyte enantiomers, at a much lower concentration of the CS. Finally, after optimization of separation conditions, baseline separations (Rs >1.5) of all four analytes were achieved in less than 5 min.
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Periodic mesoporous organosilica materials as sorbents for solid-phase extraction of drugs prior to simultaneous enantiomeric separation by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1566:135-145. [PMID: 29937122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two novel periodic mesoporous organosilica materials were synthesized with a neutral phenylene-bridged ligand, 1,4-bis(trimethoxysilylethyl)benzene, one of them using tetraethyl orthosilicate as additional silica source (PMO-TMSEB-1 and PMO-TMSEB-2). A third material was also synthesized with 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene ligand (PMO-TESB-1) which use has scarcely been reported. The three materials were evaluated as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for the off-line extraction of a mixture of seven drugs of different nature (duloxetine, terbutaline, econazole, propranolol, verapamil, metoprolol, and betaxolol) from water samples. Subsequent simultaneous enantiomeric analysis by CE, using sulfated-β-cyclodextrin (2% w/v) dissolved in a 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and a voltage of -20 kV (negative polarity) was carried out. Enantiomeric resolutions ranging from 2.4 to 8.5 were obtained in an analysis time of 16 min. After optimization of SPE parameters, it was shown that using just 100 mg of PMO-TESB-1 as sorbent, a preconcentration factor of 400 with 200 mL solution was achieved, allowing recoveries between 80.5 and 103.1% (except for terbutaline), with good repeatability (% RSD = 2-8 %, n = 5). Analytical characteristics of the method were evaluated in terms of precision, linearity and accuracy with method quantitation limits between 5.6 and 21.9 μg/L. The developed method was applied to the analysis of spiked wastewater samples collected in different treatment plants, with recoveries between 73.9 and 102.9% except for econazole with recovery values ranging between 58.5 and 72.4%.
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Al-Hussin A, Boysen RI, Saito K, Hearn MT. Preparation and electrochromatographic characterization of new chiral β-cyclodextrin poly(acrylamidopropyl) porous layer open tubular capillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1358:199-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bhushan R, Nagar H. Enantioseparation of Orciprenaline, Betaxolol, and Propranolol using HPLC and New Chiral Reagents Based on 1,5-Difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.838677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Asensi-Bernardi L, Escuder-Gilabert L, Martín-Biosca Y, Sagrado S, Medina-Hernández MJ. Characterizing the interaction between enantiomers of eight psychoactive drugs and highly sulfated-β-cyclodextrin by counter-current capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:120-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Asensi-Bernardi
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot; Valencia Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Martín-Biosca
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot; Valencia Spain
| | - Salvador Sagrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Universidad de Valencia, Burjassot; Valencia Spain
- Centro Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico; Unidad mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - Universidad de Valencia; Valencia Spain
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Amin NC, Blanchin MD, Aké M, Fabre H. Capillary electrophoresis methods for the analysis of antimalarials. Part I. Chiral separation methods. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1264:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Wongwan S, Scriba GKE. Development and validation of a capillary electrophoresis assay for the determination of the stereoisomeric purity of chloroquine enantiomers. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2669-72. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Németh K, Tárkányi G, Varga E, Imre T, Mizsei R, Iványi R, Visy J, Szemán J, Jicsinszky L, Szente L, Simonyi M. Enantiomeric separation of antimalarial drugs by capillary electrophoresis using neutral and negatively charged cyclodextrins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:475-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Tong MY, Payagala T, Perera S, MacDonnell FM, Armstrong DW. Study of a new chiral selector: Sodium arsenyl-(l)-(+) tartrate for capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Al-Rawashdeh NA, Al-Sadeh KS, Al-Bitar MB. Physicochemical study on microencapsulation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in dermal preparations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 36:688-97. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903449738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Lamprecht G, Stoschitzky K. Enantioselective analysis of R- and S-propafenone in plasma by HPLC applying column switching and liquid–liquid extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3489-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Fayed AS, Weshahy SA, Shehata MA, Hassan NY, Pauwels J, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A. Separation and determination of clopidogrel and its impurities by capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 49:193-200. [PMID: 19081694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Revised: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Clopidogrel bisulphate, an anti-platelet drug, has been separated from its impurities, namely impurity A, B and C by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using uncoated fused-silica capillary (50.0 microm internal diameter, 31.2cm total length). Four factors affected the separation: buffer concentration, pH of the buffer, concentration of the chiral selector and the applied voltage. Optimization and robustness studies were performed with the aid of reduced central composite experimental design. The buffer used was triethylamine-phosphoric acid and the chosen chiral selector was sulphated beta-cyclodextrin (SCD). The best separation was achieved by using 10mM buffer, pH 2.3, containing 5% (mass/volume (m/v)) SCD. Reversed polarity mode was used with an applied voltage of -12kV and the capillary temperature was maintained at 20 degrees C. The method was validated for quantitative determination of the drug. It offered a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.13 microg/ml, a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.4 microg/ml, and a linearity range of 0.4-300 microg/ml. Commercial bulk samples were analyzed using the developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Fayed
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Chiral separation by capillary electromigration techniques. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:140-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Mie A, Ray A, Axelsson BO, Jörntén-Karlsson M, Reimann CT. Terbutaline Enantiomer Separation and Quantification by Complexation and Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry−Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4133-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ac702262k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mie
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrew Ray
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Axelsson
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Jörntén-Karlsson
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden
| | - Curt T. Reimann
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden, Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Loughborough, United Kingdom, and Analytical Development, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-221 87 Lund, Sweden
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Danel C, Chaminade P, Odou P, Bartélémy C, Azarzar D, Bonte JP, Vaccher C. Enantioselective analysis of the antipsychotic 9-hydroxyrisperidone, main metabolite of risperidone, by chiral capillary EKC using dual CDs. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2683-92. [PMID: 17600845 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the enantioseparation of the 9-hydroxyrisperidone, main metabolite of the antipsychotic risperidone (Risp), was developed by CD-EKC in the dual CDs mode using anionic and neutral CDs at acidic pH 2.5. Preliminary experiments allowed us to select the more suitable couple of CDs composed of sulfated-alpha-CD and hydroxypropylated-beta-CD. The optimization of the main experimental parameters (concentrations of both CDs and concentration of the phosphate buffer) was based on a central composite design through the response surface methodology. Then, the influence of the voltage and the temperature on the enantioseparation was studied using the classical univariate approach. The final method permits to resolve the enantiomers of the 9-hydroxyrisperidone with a resolution of 3.13 and an analysis time of about 13 min. Finally, this method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of Risp and the enantiomers of 9-hydroxyrisperidone (9-OHRisp).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Danel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, Lille, France
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Spectrofluorometric, thermal, and molecular mechanics studies of the inclusion complexation of selected imidazoline-derived drugs with β-cyclodextrin in aqueous media. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-007-9377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Molecular recognition of different enantiomers of a drug has become of increasing importance in the last decade due to the racemic switch strategy adapted by the pharmaceutical industry. Different analytical techniques to carry out enantioselective analysis of chiral compounds have been suggested in the literature. In the following, a brief overview of different techniques used for enantioselective analysis is given. Challenging aspects of these techniques, such as the quality of analytical information received from each technique, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed. Alternatives (enantioselective membranes, amperometric biosensors, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)), capable of meeting the requirements of industrial processes, in terms of productivity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental issues are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad L Izake
- Forensic Chemistry Section, Pathology and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Queensland Government, Australia.
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Kahle KA, Foley JP. Review of aqueous chiral electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with an emphasis on chiral microemulsion EKC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2503-26. [PMID: 17657766 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers using electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with chiral microemulsions is comprehensively reviewed through December 1, 2006. Aqueous chiral EKC separations based on other pseudostationary phases such as micelles and vesicles or on other chiral selectors such as CDs, crown ethers, glycopeptides, ligand exchange moeities are also reviewed from both mechanistic and applications perspective for the period of January 2005 to December 1, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kahle
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Liu Y, Shi H, Sun Z, Ling X, Tu P. Enantiomer Separation of the Four Stereoisomers of 1-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy)-Phenyl-2-[4-(1,2,3-Trihydroxy-Propyl)-2-Methoxy]-Phenoxy-1,3-Propandiol from Hydnocarpus annamensis by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with HP-β-CD as Chiral Selector. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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