1
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Wang G, Alais D. Tactile adaptation to orientation produces a robust tilt aftereffect and exhibits crossmodal transfer when tested in vision. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10164. [PMID: 38702338 PMCID: PMC11068783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Orientation processing is one of the most fundamental functions in both visual and somatosensory perception. Converging findings suggest that orientation processing in both modalities is closely linked: somatosensory neurons share a similar orientation organisation as visual neurons, and the visual cortex has been found to be heavily involved in tactile orientation perception. Hence, we hypothesized that somatosensation would exhibit a similar orientation adaptation effect, and this adaptation effect would be transferable between the two modalities, considering the above-mentioned connection. The tilt aftereffect (TAE) is a demonstration of orientation adaptation and is used widely in behavioural experiments to investigate orientation mechanisms in vision. By testing the classic TAE paradigm in both tactile and crossmodal orientation tasks between vision and touch, we were able to show that tactile perception of orientation shows a very robust TAE, similar to its visual counterpart. We further show that orientation adaptation in touch transfers to produce a TAE when tested in vision, but not vice versa. Additionally, when examining the test sequence following adaptation for serial effects, we observed another asymmetry between the two conditions where the visual test sequence displayed a repulsive intramodal serial dependence effect while the tactile test sequence exhibited an attractive serial dependence. These findings provide concrete evidence that vision and touch engage a similar orientation processing mechanism. However, the asymmetry in the crossmodal transfer of TAE and serial dependence points to a non-reciprocal connection between the two modalities, providing further insights into the underlying processing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guandong Wang
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - David Alais
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Chen YN, Kostka JK, Bitzenhofer SH, Hanganu-Opatz IL. Olfactory bulb activity shapes the development of entorhinal-hippocampal coupling and associated cognitive abilities. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4353-4366.e5. [PMID: 37729915 PMCID: PMC10617757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between olfaction and higher cognitive processing has been documented in the adult brain; however, its development is poorly understood. In mice, shortly after birth, endogenous and stimulus-evoked activity in the olfactory bulb (OB) boosts the oscillatory entrainment of downstream lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and hippocampus (HP). However, it is unclear whether early OB activity has a long-lasting impact on entorhinal-hippocampal function and cognitive processing. Here, we chemogenetically silenced the synaptic outputs of mitral/tufted cells, the main projection neurons in the OB, during postnatal days 8-10. The transient manipulation leads to a long-lasting reduction of oscillatory coupling and weaker responsiveness to stimuli within developing entorhinal-hippocampal circuits accompanied by dendritic sparsification of LEC pyramidal neurons. Moreover, the transient silencing reduces the performance in behavioral tests involving entorhinal-hippocampal circuits later in life. Thus, neonatal OB activity is critical for the functional LEC-HP development and maturation of cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nan Chen
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna K Kostka
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian H Bitzenhofer
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Institute of Developmental Neurophysiology, Center of Molecular Neurobiology, Hamburg Center of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Bruns P, Röder B. Development and experience-dependence of multisensory spatial processing. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:961-973. [PMID: 37208286 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Multisensory spatial processes are fundamental for efficient interaction with the world. They include not only the integration of spatial cues across sensory modalities, but also the adjustment or recalibration of spatial representations to changing cue reliabilities, crossmodal correspondences, and causal structures. Yet how multisensory spatial functions emerge during ontogeny is poorly understood. New results suggest that temporal synchrony and enhanced multisensory associative learning capabilities first guide causal inference and initiate early coarse multisensory integration capabilities. These multisensory percepts are crucial for the alignment of spatial maps across sensory systems, and are used to derive more stable biases for adult crossmodal recalibration. The refinement of multisensory spatial integration with increasing age is further promoted by the inclusion of higher-order knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bruns
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Gellért L, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W. Axonal connections between S1 barrel, M1, and S2 cortex in the newborn mouse. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1105998. [PMID: 36760662 PMCID: PMC9905141 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1105998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of functionally interconnected networks between primary (S1), secondary somatosensory (S2), and motor (M1) cortical areas requires coherent neuronal activity via corticocortical projections. However, the anatomical substrate of functional connections between S1 and M1 or S2 during early development remains elusive. In the present study, we used ex vivo carbocyanine dye (DiI) tracing in paraformaldehyde-fixed newborn mouse brain to investigate axonal projections of neurons in different layers of S1 barrel field (S1Bf), M1, and S2 toward the subplate (SP), a hub layer for sensory information transfer in the immature cortex. In addition, we performed extracellular recordings in neocortical slices to unravel the functional connectivity between these areas. Our experiments demonstrate that already at P0 neurons from the cortical plate (CP), layer 5/6 (L5/6), and the SP of both M1 and S2 send projections through the SP of S1Bf. Reciprocally, neurons from CP to SP of S1Bf send projections through the SP of M1 and S2. Electrophysiological recordings with multi-electrode arrays in cortical slices revealed weak, but functional synaptic connections between SP and L5/6 within and between S1 and M1. An even lower functional connectivity was observed between S1 and S2. In summary, our findings demonstrate that functional connections between SP and upper cortical layers are not confined to the same cortical area, but corticocortical connection between adjacent cortical areas exist already at the day of birth. Hereby, SP can integrate early cortical activity of M1, S1, and S2 and shape the development of sensorimotor integration at an early stage.
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5
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Rezaul Karim AKM, Proulx MJ, de Sousa AA, Likova LT. Neuroplasticity and Crossmodal Connectivity in the Normal, Healthy Brain. PSYCHOLOGY & NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 14:298-334. [PMID: 36937077 PMCID: PMC10019101 DOI: 10.1037/pne0000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective Neuroplasticity enables the brain to establish new crossmodal connections or reorganize old connections which are essential to perceiving a multisensorial world. The intent of this review is to identify and summarize the current developments in neuroplasticity and crossmodal connectivity, and deepen understanding of how crossmodal connectivity develops in the normal, healthy brain, highlighting novel perspectives about the principles that guide this connectivity. Methods To the above end, a narrative review is carried out. The data documented in prior relevant studies in neuroscience, psychology and other related fields available in a wide range of prominent electronic databases are critically assessed, synthesized, interpreted with qualitative rather than quantitative elements, and linked together to form new propositions and hypotheses about neuroplasticity and crossmodal connectivity. Results Three major themes are identified. First, it appears that neuroplasticity operates by following eight fundamental principles and crossmodal integration operates by following three principles. Second, two different forms of crossmodal connectivity, namely direct crossmodal connectivity and indirect crossmodal connectivity, are suggested to operate in both unisensory and multisensory perception. Third, three principles possibly guide the development of crossmodal connectivity into adulthood. These are labeled as the principle of innate crossmodality, the principle of evolution-driven 'neuromodular' reorganization and the principle of multimodal experience. These principles are combined to develop a three-factor interaction model of crossmodal connectivity. Conclusions The hypothesized principles and the proposed model together advance understanding of neuroplasticity, the nature of crossmodal connectivity, and how such connectivity develops in the normal, healthy brain.
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6
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Nikbakht N, Diamond ME. Conserved visual capacity of rats under red light. eLife 2021; 10:66429. [PMID: 34282724 PMCID: PMC8360654 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies examine the behavioral capacities of rats and mice with and without visual input, and the neuronal mechanisms underlying such capacities. These animals are assumed to be functionally blind under red light, an assumption that might originate in the fact that they are dichromats who possess ultraviolet and green cones, but not red cones. But the inability to see red as a color does not necessarily rule out form vision based on red light absorption. We measured Long-Evans rats’ capacity for visual form discrimination under red light of various wavelength bands. Upon viewing a black and white grating, they had to distinguish between two categories of orientation: horizontal and vertical. Psychometric curves plotting judged orientation versus angle demonstrate the conserved visual capacity of rats under red light. Investigations aiming to explore rodent physiological and behavioral functions in the absence of visual input should not assume red-light blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Nikbakht
- Tactile Perception and Learning Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Mathew E Diamond
- Tactile Perception and Learning Lab, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
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7
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Van der Knaap N, Wiedermann D, Schubert D, Hoehn M, Homberg JR. Perinatal SSRI exposure affects brain functional activity associated with whisker stimulation in adolescent and adult rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1680. [PMID: 33462357 PMCID: PMC7814075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), such as fluoxetine, are used as first-line antidepressant medication during pregnancy. Since SSRIs cross the placenta the unborn child is exposed to the maternal SSRI medication, resulting in, amongst others, increased risk for autism in offspring. This likely results from developmental changes in brain function. Studies employing rats lacking the serotonin transporter have shown that elevations in serotonin levels particularly affect the development of the whisker related part of the primary somatosensory (barrel) cortex. Therefore, we hypothesized that serotonin level disturbances during development alter brain activity related to whisker stimulation. We treated female dams with fluoxetine or vehicle from gestational day 11 onwards for 21 days. We investigated offspring's brain activity during whisker stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at adolescence and adulthood. Our results indicate that adolescent offspring displayed increased activity in hippocampal subareas and the mammillary body in the thalamus. Adult offspring exhibited increased functional activation of areas associated with (higher) sensory processing and memory such as the hippocampus, perirhinal and entorhinal cortex, retrospinal granular cortex, piriform cortex and secondary visual cortex. Our data imply that perinatal SSRI exposure leads to complex alterations in brain networks involved in sensory perception and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje Van der Knaap
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University and Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Wiedermann
- In-Vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University and Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- In-Vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University and Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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8
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Xu X, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Bieler M. Cross-Talk of Low-Level Sensory and High-Level Cognitive Processing: Development, Mechanisms, and Relevance for Cross-Modal Abilities of the Brain. Front Neurorobot 2020; 14:7. [PMID: 32116637 PMCID: PMC7034303 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of cross-modal learning capabilities requires the interaction of neural areas accounting for sensory and cognitive processing. Convergence of multiple sensory inputs is observed in low-level sensory cortices including primary somatosensory (S1), visual (V1), and auditory cortex (A1), as well as in high-level areas such as prefrontal cortex (PFC). Evidence shows that local neural activity and functional connectivity between sensory cortices participate in cross-modal processing. However, little is known about the functional interplay between neural areas underlying sensory and cognitive processing required for cross-modal learning capabilities across life. Here we review our current knowledge on the interdependence of low- and high-level cortices for the emergence of cross-modal processing in rodents. First, we summarize the mechanisms underlying the integration of multiple senses and how cross-modal processing in primary sensory cortices might be modified by top-down modulation of the PFC. Second, we examine the critical factors and developmental mechanisms that account for the interaction between neuronal networks involved in sensory and cognitive processing. Finally, we discuss the applicability and relevance of cross-modal processing for brain-inspired intelligent robotics. An in-depth understanding of the factors and mechanisms controlling cross-modal processing might inspire the refinement of robotic systems by better mimicking neural computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Xu
- Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Developmental Neurophysiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Bieler
- Laboratory for Neural Computation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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Macharadze T, Budinger E, Brosch M, Scheich H, Ohl FW, Henschke JU. Early Sensory Loss Alters the Dendritic Branching and Spine Density of Supragranular Pyramidal Neurons in Rodent Primary Sensory Cortices. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:61. [PMID: 31611778 PMCID: PMC6773815 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration in primary auditory (A1), visual (V1), and somatosensory cortex (S1) is substantially mediated by their direct interconnections and by thalamic inputs across the sensory modalities. We have previously shown in rodents (Mongolian gerbils) that during postnatal development, the anatomical and functional strengths of these crossmodal and also of sensory matched connections are determined by early auditory, somatosensory, and visual experience. Because supragranular layer III pyramidal neurons are major targets of corticocortical and thalamocortical connections, we investigated in this follow-up study how the loss of early sensory experience changes their dendritic morphology. Gerbils were sensory deprived early in development by either bilateral sciatic nerve transection at postnatal day (P) 5, ototoxic inner hair cell damage at P10, or eye enucleation at P10. Sholl and branch order analyses of Golgi-stained layer III pyramidal neurons at P28, which demarcates the end of the sensory critical period in this species, revealed that visual and somatosensory deprivation leads to a general increase of apical and basal dendritic branching in A1, V1, and S1. In contrast, dendritic branching, particularly of apical dendrites, decreased in all three areas following auditory deprivation. Generally, the number of spines, and consequently spine density, along the apical and basal dendrites decreased in both sensory deprived and non-deprived cortical areas. Therefore, we conclude that the loss of early sensory experience induces a refinement of corticocortical crossmodal and other cortical and thalamic connections by pruning of dendritic spines at the end of the critical period. Based on present and previous own results and on findings from the literature, we propose a scenario for multisensory development following early sensory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Macharadze
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Otto von Guericke University Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eike Budinger
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Brosch
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Special Lab Primate Neurobiology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henning Scheich
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Emeritus Group Lifelong Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank W Ohl
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Institute for Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia U Henschke
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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10
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Smirnov K, Sitnikova E. Developmental milestones and behavior of infant rats: The role of sensory input from whiskers. Behav Brain Res 2019; 374:112143. [PMID: 31398362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Developmental milestones are behavioral and physical skills which are considered as markers of neurodevelopment. In rodents, sensory input from whiskers plays a crucial role in development of brain functions. Development of whisker system in rats includes the early period of passive whisker touch (PN1-8) before the onset of coordinated whisker movements which underlie active sensing. Inasmuch as transitioning from passive to active sensing requires a strong sensorimotor integration, we assume that the effect of whisker deprivation during the period of passive touch is unfavorable for neurodevelopment, but deprivation after the onset of active sensing might elicit less harmful effect due to compensatory neuroplalstic changes. Here we examined the effect of complete whisker trimming (WT) in WAG/Rij rats during PN1-8 and PN9-16 (active sensing) on achieving developmental milestones (e.g., eyelid opening, walking, self-grooming, rearing activity, physical maturation of forelimbs), locomotor activity and body weight. Control groups underwent sham trimming during the same periods. WT during PN1-8 caused a delay in achieving all investigated milestones, but WT during PN9-16 delayed only self-grooming. Both WT/sham trimming during PN9-16 caused a delay in explorative behavior, but accelerated self-grooming. These changes are likely to link with the effect of manipulations during PN9-16 in previously unhandled pups, but not specifically with WT. In general, developmental milestones appeared to be an informative tool to access neurodevelopment in rat pups and might have a translational value for studying developmental disorders during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Smirnov
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str., 5A, Moscow, 117485, Russia.
| | - Evgenia Sitnikova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Butlerova str., 5A, Moscow, 117485, Russia
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11
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Gu J, Liu B, Li X, Wang P, Wang B. Cross-modal representations in early visual and auditory cortices revealed by multi-voxel pattern analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:1908-1920. [PMID: 31183774 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary sensory cortices can respond not only to their defined sensory modality but also to cross-modal information. In addition to the observed cross-modal phenomenon, it is valuable to research further whether cross-modal information can be valuable for categorizing stimuli and what effect other factors, such as experience and imagination, may have on cross-modal processing. In this study, we researched cross-modal information processing in the early visual cortex (EVC, including the visual area 1, 2, and 3 (V1, V2, and V3)) and auditory cortex (primary (A1) and secondary (A2) auditory cortex). Images and sound clips were presented to participants separately in two experiments in which participants' imagination and expectations were restricted by an orthogonal fixation task and the data were collected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We successfully decoded categories of the cross-modal stimuli in the ROIs except for V1 by multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA). It was further shown that familiar sounds had the advantage of classification accuracies in V2 and V3 when compared with unfamiliar sounds. The results of the cross-classification analysis showed that there was no significant similarity between the activity patterns induced by different stimulus modalities. Even though the cross-modal representation is robust when considering the restriction of top-down expectations and mental imagery in our experiments, the sound experience showed effects on cross-modal representation in V2 and V3. In addition, primary sensory cortices may receive information from different modalities in different ways, so the activity patterns between two modalities were not similar enough to complete the cross-classification successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gu
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolin Liu
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianglin Li
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, People's Republic of China
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12
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Dooley JC, Krubitzer LA. Alterations in cortical and thalamic connections of somatosensory cortex following early loss of vision. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:1675-1688. [PMID: 30444542 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Early loss of vision produces dramatic changes in the functional organization and connectivity of the neocortex in cortical areas that normally process visual inputs, such as the primary and second visual area. This loss also results in alterations in the size, functional organization, and neural response properties of the primary somatosensory area, S1. However, the anatomical substrate for these functional changes in S1 has never been described. In the present investigation, we quantified the cortical and subcortical connections of S1 in animals that were bilaterally enucleated very early in development, prior to the formation of retino-geniculate and thalamocortical pathways. We found that S1 receives dense inputs from novel cortical fields, and that the density of existing cortical and thalamocortical connections was altered. Our results demonstrate that sensory systems develop in tandem and that alterations in sensory input in one system can affect the connections and organization of other sensory systems. Thus, therapeutic intervention following early loss of vision should focus not only on restoring vision, but also on augmenting the natural plasticity of the spared systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Dooley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Leah A Krubitzer
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, California
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13
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Bieler M, Xu X, Marquardt A, Hanganu-Opatz IL. Multisensory integration in rodent tactile but not visual thalamus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15684. [PMID: 30356135 PMCID: PMC6200796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33815-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioural performance requires a coherent perception of environmental features that address multiple senses. These diverse sensory inputs are integrated in primary sensory cortices, yet it is still largely unknown whether their convergence occurs even earlier along the sensory tract. Here we investigate the role of putatively modality-specific first-order (FO) thalamic nuclei (ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM), dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN)) and their interactions with primary sensory cortices (S1, V1) for multisensory integration in pigmented rats in vivo. We show that bimodal stimulation (i.e. simultaneous light flash and whisker deflection) enhances sensory evoked activity in VPM, but not dLGN. Moreover, cross-modal stimuli reset the phase of thalamic network oscillations and strengthen the coupling efficiency between VPM and S1, but not between dLGN and V1. Finally, the information flow from VPM to S1 is enhanced. Thus, FO tactile, but not visual, thalamus processes and relays sensory inputs from multiple senses, revealing a functional difference between sensory thalamic nuclei during multisensory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Bieler
- Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,Laboratory for Neural Computation, Department of Physiology, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Xiaxia Xu
- Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Marquardt
- Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Developmental Neurophysiology, Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Massé IO, Ross S, Bronchti G, Boire D. Asymmetric Direct Reciprocal Connections Between Primary Visual and Somatosensory Cortices of the Mouse. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:4361-4378. [PMID: 27522075 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies show direct connections between primary sensory cortices involved in multisensory integration. The purpose of this study is to understand the microcircuitry of the reciprocal connections between visual and somatosensory cortices. The laminar distribution of retrogradely labeled cell bodies in V1 and in the somatosensory cortex both in (S1BF) and outside (S1) the barrel field was studied to provide layer indices in order to determine whether the connections are of feedforward, feedback or lateral type. Single axons were reconstructed and the size of their swellings was stereologically sampled. The negative layer indices in S1 and S1BF and the layer index near zero in V1 indicate that the connection from S1BF to V1 is of feedback type while the opposite is of lateral type. The greater incidence of larger axonal swellings in the projection from V1 to S1BF strongly suggests that S1BF receives a stronger driver input from V1 and that S1BF inputs to V1 have a predominant modulatory influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian O Massé
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CanadaG9A 2W7
| | - Stéphanie Ross
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CanadaG9A 2W7
| | - Gilles Bronchti
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CanadaG9A 2W7
| | - Denis Boire
- Département d'anatomie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, CanadaG9A 2W7
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15
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Henschke JU, Oelschlegel AM, Angenstein F, Ohl FW, Goldschmidt J, Kanold PO, Budinger E. Early sensory experience influences the development of multisensory thalamocortical and intracortical connections of primary sensory cortices. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1165-1190. [PMID: 29094306 PMCID: PMC5871574 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1549-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system integrates information from multiple senses. This multisensory integration already occurs in primary sensory cortices via direct thalamocortical and corticocortical connections across modalities. In humans, sensory loss from birth results in functional recruitment of the deprived cortical territory by the spared senses but the underlying circuit changes are not well known. Using tracer injections into primary auditory, somatosensory, and visual cortex within the first postnatal month of life in a rodent model (Mongolian gerbil) we show that multisensory thalamocortical connections emerge before corticocortical connections but mostly disappear during development. Early auditory, somatosensory, or visual deprivation increases multisensory connections via axonal reorganization processes mediated by non-lemniscal thalamic nuclei and the primary areas themselves. Functional single-photon emission computed tomography of regional cerebral blood flow reveals altered stimulus-induced activity and higher functional connectivity specifically between primary areas in deprived animals. Together, we show that intracortical multisensory connections are formed as a consequence of sensory-driven multisensory thalamocortical activity and that spared senses functionally recruit deprived cortical areas by an altered development of sensory thalamocortical and corticocortical connections. The functional-anatomical changes after early sensory deprivation have translational implications for the therapy of developmental hearing loss, blindness, and sensory paralysis and might also underlie developmental synesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia U Henschke
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Within the Helmholtz Association, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anja M Oelschlegel
- Research Group Neuropharmacology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Angenstein
- Functional Neuroimaging Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Within the Helmholtz Association, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank W Ohl
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Goldschmidt
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick O Kanold
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Eike Budinger
- Department Systems Physiology of Learning, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestr. 6, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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16
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Deolindo CS, Kunicki ACB, da Silva MI, Lima Brasil F, Moioli RC. Neuronal Assemblies Evidence Distributed Interactions within a Tactile Discrimination Task in Rats. Front Neural Circuits 2018; 11:114. [PMID: 29375324 PMCID: PMC5768614 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that neural interactions are distributed and relate to animal behavior, but many open questions remain. The neural assembly hypothesis, formulated by Hebb, states that synchronously active single neurons may transiently organize into functional neural circuits-neuronal assemblies (NAs)-and that would constitute the fundamental unit of information processing in the brain. However, the formation, vanishing, and temporal evolution of NAs are not fully understood. In particular, characterizing NAs in multiple brain regions over the course of behavioral tasks is relevant to assess the highly distributed nature of brain processing. In the context of NA characterization, active tactile discrimination tasks with rats are elucidative because they engage several cortical areas in the processing of information that are otherwise masked in passive or anesthetized scenarios. In this work, we investigate the dynamic formation of NAs within and among four different cortical regions in long-range fronto-parieto-occipital networks (primary somatosensory, primary visual, prefrontal, and posterior parietal cortices), simultaneously recorded from seven rats engaged in an active tactile discrimination task. Our results first confirm that task-related neuronal firing rate dynamics in all four regions is significantly modulated. Notably, a support vector machine decoder reveals that neural populations contain more information about the tactile stimulus than the majority of single neurons alone. Then, over the course of the task, we identify the emergence and vanishing of NAs whose participating neurons are shown to contain more information about animal behavior than randomly chosen neurons. Taken together, our results further support the role of multiple and distributed neurons as the functional unit of information processing in the brain (NA hypothesis) and their link to active animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Renan C. Moioli
- Graduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, Brazil
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17
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Aguirre-Benítez EL, Porras MG, Parra L, González-Ríos J, Garduño-Torres DF, Albores-García D, Avendaño A, Ávila-Rodríguez MA, Melo AI, Jiménez-Estrada I, Mendoza-Garrido ME, Toriz C, Diaz D, Ibarra-Coronado E, Mendoza-Ángeles K, Hernández-Falcón J. Disruption of behavior and brain metabolism in artificially reared rats. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:1413-1429. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes G. Porras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina; UNAM, México, AP 70250, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, México, CDMX; 04510 México México
| | - Leticia Parra
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina; UNAM; México Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Arturo Avendaño
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM; México Mexico
| | | | - Angel I. Melo
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Apdo Postal 62. C.P. Tlaxcala, C.P; Tlaxcala 90000 México
| | - Ismael Jiménez-Estrada
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; CINVESTAV, IPN Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P, CDMX; México 07360 México
| | - Ma. Eugenia Mendoza-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; CINVESTAV, IPN Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P, CDMX; México 07360 México
| | - César Toriz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; CINVESTAV, IPN Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P, CDMX; México 07360 México
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3) UNAM; México México
| | - Elizabeth Ibarra-Coronado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina; UNAM, México, AP 70250, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, México, CDMX; 04510 México México
| | - Karina Mendoza-Ángeles
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina; UNAM, México, AP 70250, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, México, CDMX; 04510 México México
| | - Jesús Hernández-Falcón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina; UNAM, México, AP 70250, Av. Universidad No. 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, México, CDMX; 04510 México México
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18
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Rate and Temporal Coding Convey Multisensory Information in Primary Sensory Cortices. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0037-17. [PMID: 28374008 PMCID: PMC5362936 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0037-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal behavior and survival result from integration of information across sensory systems. Modulation of network activity at the level of primary sensory cortices has been identified as a mechanism of cross-modal integration, yet its cellular substrate is still poorly understood. Here, we uncover the mechanisms by which individual neurons in primary somatosensory (S1) and visual (V1) cortices encode visual-tactile stimuli. For this, simultaneous extracellular recordings were performed from all layers of the S1 barrel field and V1 in Brown Norway rats in vivo and units were clustered and assigned to pyramidal neurons (PYRs) and interneurons (INs). We show that visual-tactile stimulation modulates the firing rate of a relatively low fraction of neurons throughout all cortical layers. Generally, it augments the firing of INs and decreases the activity of PYRs. Moreover, bimodal stimulation shapes the timing of neuronal firing by strengthening the phase-coupling between neuronal discharge and theta–beta band network oscillations as well as by modulating spiking onset. Sparse direct axonal projections between neurons in S1 and V1 seem to time the spike trains between the two cortical areas and, thus, may act as a substrate of cross-modal modulation. These results indicate that few cortical neurons mediate multisensory effects in primary sensory areas by directly encoding cross-modal information by their rate and timing of firing.
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19
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Bieler M, Sieben K, Schildt S, Röder B, Hanganu-Opatz IL. Visual-tactile processing in primary somatosensory cortex emerges before cross-modal experience. Synapse 2017; 71. [PMID: 28105686 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The presumptive unisensory neocortical areas process multisensory information by oscillatory entrainment of neuronal networks via direct cortico-cortical projections. While neonatal unimodal experience has been identified as necessary for setting up the neuronal networks of multisensory processing, it is still unclear whether early cross-modal experience equally controls the ontogeny of multisensory processing. Here, we assess the development of visual-somatosensory interactions and their anatomical substrate by performing extracellular recordings of network activity in primary sensory cortices in vivo and assessing the cortico-cortical connectivity in pigmented rats. Similar to adult animals, juvenile rats with minimal cross-modal experience display supra-additive augmentation of evoked responses, time-dependent modulation of power and phase reset of network oscillations in response to cross-modal light and whisker stimulation. Moreover, the neuronal discharge of individual neurons is stronger coupled to theta and alpha network oscillations after visual-tactile stimuli. The adult-like multisensory processing of juvenile rats relies on abundant direct visual-somatosensory connections and thalamocortical feedforward interactions. Thus, cellular and network interactions ensuring multisensory processing emerge before cross-modal experience and refine during juvenile development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Bieler
- Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Kay Sieben
- Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Sandra Schildt
- Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University Hamburg, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Ileana L Hanganu-Opatz
- Developmental Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
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20
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Early-life stress impairs recognition memory and perturbs the functional maturation of prefrontal-hippocampal-perirhinal networks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42042. [PMID: 28169319 PMCID: PMC5294456 DOI: 10.1038/srep42042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life exposure to stressful situations impairs cognitive performance of adults and contributes to the etiology of several psychiatric disorders. Most of affected cognitive abilities rely on coupling by synchrony within complex neuronal networks, including prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HP), and perirhinal cortex (PRH). Yet it remains poorly understood how early life stress (ELS) induces dysfunction within these networks during the course of development. Here we used intermittent maternal separation during the first 2 postnatal weeks to mimic ELS and monitored the recognition memory and functional coupling within prefrontal-hippocampal-perirhinal circuits in juvenile rats. While maternally-separated female rats showed largely normal behavior, male rats experiencing this form of ELS had poorer location and recency recognition memory. Simultaneous multi-site extracellular recordings of network oscillations and neuronal spiking from PFC, HP, and PRH in vivo revealed corresponding decrease of oscillatory activity in theta and beta frequency bands in the PFC of male but not female rats experiencing maternal separation. This deficit was accompanied by weaker cross-frequency coupling within juvenile prefrontal-hippocampal networks. These results indicate that already at juvenile age ELS mimicked by maternal separation induces sex-specific deficits in recognition memory that might have as underlying mechanism a disturbed communication between PFC and HP.
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