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Franco JH, Harris RA, Ryan WG, Taylor RT, McCullumsmith RE, Chattopadhyay S, Pan ZK. Retinoic Acid-Mediated Inhibition of Mouse Coronavirus Replication Is Dependent on IRF3 and CaMKK. Viruses 2024; 16:140. [PMID: 38257840 PMCID: PMC10819102 DOI: 10.3390/v16010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the shortfalls in our understanding of how to treat coronavirus infections. With almost 7 million case fatalities of COVID-19 globally, the catalog of FDA-approved antiviral therapeutics is limited compared to other medications, such as antibiotics. All-trans retinoic acid (RA), or activated vitamin A, has been studied as a potential therapeutic against coronavirus infection because of its antiviral properties. Due to its impact on different signaling pathways, RA's mechanism of action during coronavirus infection has not been thoroughly described. To determine RA's mechanism of action, we examined its effect against a mouse coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (MHV). We demonstrated that RA significantly decreased viral titers in infected mouse L929 fibroblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages. The reduced viral titers were associated with a corresponding decrease in MHV nucleocapsid protein expression. Using interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) knockout RAW 264.7 cells, we demonstrated that RA-induced suppression of MHV required IRF3 activity. RNA-seq analysis of wildtype and IRF3 knockout RAW cells showed that RA upregulated calcium/calmodulin (CaM) signaling proteins, such as CaM kinase kinase 1 (CaMKK1). When treated with a CaMKK inhibitor, RA was unable to upregulate IRF activation during MHV infection. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that RA-induced protection against coronavirus infection depends on IRF3 and CaMKK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin H. Franco
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA (S.C.)
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA (S.C.)
| | - William G. Ryan
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Roger Travis Taylor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA (S.C.)
| | - Robert E. McCullumsmith
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurological Disorders, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA (S.C.)
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Zhixing K. Pan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA (S.C.)
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Tapeinos C, Torrieri G, Wang S, Martins JP, Santos HA. Evaluation of cell membrane-derived nanoparticles as therapeutic carriers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using an in vitro tumour stroma model. J Control Release 2023; 362:225-242. [PMID: 37625597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we fabricated nanoparticles made solely from the membrane of cells found in the pancreatic tumour's microenvironment (TME), like the human MiaPaCa-2 cells and M2-polarized macrophages. The cell membrane-derived nanoparticles (CMNPs) deriving from the MiaPaCa-2 cells (MPC2-CMNPs) were loaded with the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX), and the CMNPs deriving from M2-polarized macrophages (M2-CMNPs) were loaded with the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor, pexidartinib (PXDB). The CMNPs' thorough morphological and physicochemical characterisation was followed by an in-depth study of their targeting ability and the endocytosis pathway involved during their internalisation. An in vitro model of the desmoplastic stroma comprising cancer-associated fibroblast-mimicking cells and M2-polarized macrophages was also developed. The model was characterised by collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression (overexpressed in desmoplasia) and was used to assess the CMNPs' ability to cross the stroma and target the tumour cells. Moreover, we assessed the effect of PXDB-loaded M2-CMNPs on the expression of M1 (CD80/CD86) and M2 (CD206/CD209) polarisation markers on activated macrophages. Finally, we evaluated the PTX and PXDB-loaded CMNPs' effect on the viability of all the used TME cell lines alone or in combination. Overall, this pilot study showed the potential of the CMNPs to cross an in vitro stroma model and act synergistically to treat PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Tapeinos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Giulia Torrieri
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - João P Martins
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5E, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713, AV, the Netherlands; W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands.
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Yang Z, Wang G, Luo N, Tsang CK, Huang L. Consensus clustering of gene expression profiles in peripheral blood of acute ischemic stroke patients. Front Neurol 2022; 13:937501. [PMID: 35989931 PMCID: PMC9388856 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.937501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a primary cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Currently, no clinically approved immune intervention is available for AIS treatment, partly due to the lack of relevant patient classification based on the peripheral immunity status of patients with AIS. In this study, we adopted the consensus clustering approach to classify patients with AIS into molecular subgroups based on the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood, and we identified three distinct AIS molecular subgroups and 8 modules in each subgroup by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Remarkably, the pre-ranked gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the co-expression modules with subgroup I-specific signature genes significantly overlapped with the differentially expressed genes in AIS patients with hemorrhagic transformation (HT). With respect to subgroup II, exclusively male patients with decreased proteasome activity were identified. Intriguingly, the majority of subgroup III was composed of female patients who showed a comparatively lower level of AIS-induced immunosuppression (AIIS). In addition, we discovered a non-linear relationship between female age and subgroup-specific gene expression, suggesting a gender- and age-dependent alteration of peripheral immunity. Taken together, our novel AIS classification approach could facilitate immunomodulatory therapies, including the administration of gender-specific therapeutics, and attenuation of the risk of HT and AIIS after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yang
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Luo
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Kwan Tsang
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li'an Huang
- Clinical Neuroscience Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen MF. The role of calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:160-168. [PMID: 35465283 PMCID: PMC9020235 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_119_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that triggers severe thrombotic cardiovascular events, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. In atherosclerotic processes, both macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential cell components in atheromata formation through proinflammatory cytokine secretion, defective efferocytosis, cell migration, and proliferation, primarily controlled by Ca2+-dependent signaling. Calmodulin (CaM), as a versatile Ca2+ sensor in diverse cell types, regulates a broad spectrum of Ca2+-dependent cell functions through the actions of downstream protein kinases. Thus, this review focuses on discussing how CaM and CaM-dependent kinases (CaMKs) regulate the functions of macrophages and VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaque development based on literature from open databases. A central theme in this review is a summary of the mechanisms and consequences underlying CaMK-mediated macrophage inflammation and apoptosis, which are the key processes in necrotic core formation in atherosclerosis. Another central theme is addressing the role of CaM and CaMK-dependent pathways in phenotypic modulation, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs in atherosclerotic progression. A complete understanding of CaM and CaMK-controlled individual processes involving macrophages and VSMCs in atherogenesis might provide helpful information for developing potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Junho CVC, Caio-Silva W, Trentin-Sonoda M, Carneiro-Ramos MS. An Overview of the Role of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase in Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Physiol 2020; 11:735. [PMID: 32760284 PMCID: PMC7372084 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are key regulators of calcium signaling in health and disease. CaMKII is the most abundant isoform in the heart; although classically described as a regulator of excitation–contraction coupling, recent studies show that it can also mediate inflammation in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Among CVDs, cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) represents a pressing issue to be addressed, considering the growing incidence of kidney diseases worldwide. In this review, we aimed to discuss the role of CaMK as an inflammatory mediator in heart and kidney interaction by conducting an extensive literature review using the database PubMed. Here, we summarize the role and regulating mechanisms of CaMKII present in several quality studies, providing a better understanding for future investigations of CamKII in CVDs. Surprisingly, despite the obvious importance of CaMKII in the heart, very little is known about CaMKII in CRS. In conclusion, more studies are necessary to further understand the role of CaMKII in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wellington Caio-Silva
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Mayra Trentin-Sonoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Regulation of Multifunctional Calcium/Calmodulin Stimulated Protein Kinases by Molecular Targeting. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1131:649-679. [PMID: 31646529 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12457-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases control a broad range of cellular functions in a multitude of cell types. This family of kinases contain several structural similarities and all are regulated by phosphorylation, which either activates, inhibits or modulates their kinase activity. As these protein kinases are widely or ubiquitously expressed, and yet regulate a broad range of different cellular functions, additional levels of regulation exist that control these cell-specific functions. Of particular importance for this specificity of function for multifunctional kinases is the expression of specific binding proteins that mediate molecular targeting. These molecular targeting mechanisms allow pools of kinase in different cells, or parts of a cell, to respond differently to activation and produce different functional outcomes.
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7
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Juban G, Chazaud B. Metabolic regulation of macrophages during tissue repair: insights from skeletal muscle regeneration. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3007-3021. [PMID: 28555751 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are highly versatile cells that are involved both in the mounting and the resolution of inflammatory responses. Besides their properties in innate immunity to fight against pathogens, macrophages are essential for tissue repair, during which they adopt sequential inflammatory status. While the acquisition of some canonical polarized inflammatory statuses in vitro (M1/M2) is beginning to be understood at the molecular level, the regulation of macrophage skewing in vivo has been less investigated. Immunometabolism, in particular, is an emerging field, and most of the studies so far have investigated the control of macrophage polarization using in vitro set-ups. In this context, skeletal muscle regeneration is an excellent paradigm to study tissue repair, since the sequential steps of inflammatory response and tissue repair are well characterized. In this Review, after introducing macrophage populations and functions during skeletal muscle regeneration, we present the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of macrophage inflammatory status, with particular emphasis on the comparison between in vitro and in vivo models of macrophage activation. We also discuss the metabolic regulation of macrophages in vivo during skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Juban
- INSERM U1217, CNRS 5310, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- INSERM U1217, CNRS 5310, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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MiR-181 family: regulators of myeloid differentiation and acute myeloid leukemia as well as potential therapeutic targets. Oncogene 2014; 34:3226-39. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Molokie RE, Wilkie DJ, Wittert H, Suarez ML, Yao Y, Zhao Z, He Y, Wang ZJ. Mechanism-driven phase I translational study of trifluoperazine in adults with sickle cell disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 723:419-24. [PMID: 24211787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence of neuropathic pain among adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) reveals a need for adjuvant analgesic treatments for these patients. Ca(2+)/calmodulin protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) has a known role in neuropathic pain and trifluoperazine is a potent CaMKIIα inhibitor. The study aim was to determine trifluoperazine's acute effects, primarily on adverse effects and secondarily on pain intensity reduction, in adults with SCD. In a phase I, open-label study of 6 doses of trifluoperazine (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 7.5, 10mg), we obtained 7-hourly and 24-h repeated measures of adverse effects, pain intensity, and supplemental opioid analgesics in 18 adults with SCD (18 hemoglobin SS disease, 15 women, average age 35.8±8.9 years, ranged 23-53) each of whom received a single dose. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Subjects reported moderate to severe sedative effects at 7.5 and 10mg doses, respectively. Eight subjects reported 50% reduction in chronic pain without severe sedation or supplemental opioid analgesics; one of these subjects had dystonia 24.5h after the 10mg dose. The analgesic effect lasted for at least 24h in 3 subjects. Sedation resolved with caffeine and dystonia resolved with diphenhydramine. Adults with SCD experienced minimal adverse effects at doses under 10mg. In this molecular mechanism-driven translational study, trifluoperazine shows promise as an analgesic drug that is worthy of further testing in a randomized controlled study of adults with SCD starting at a dose of 1mg in repeated doses to determine long-term adverse and analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Molokie
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA; Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Diana J Wilkie
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, Chicago, IL, USA; Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Harriett Wittert
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marie L Suarez
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yingwei Yao
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhongsheng Zhao
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ying He
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zaijie J Wang
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA; Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL, USA
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de Vries B, Eising E, Broos LAM, Koelewijn SC, Todorov B, Frants RR, Boer JM, Ferrari MD, Hoen PAC', van den Maagdenberg AMJM. RNA expression profiling in brains of familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 knock-in mice. Cephalalgia 2013; 34:174-82. [PMID: 23985897 DOI: 10.1177/0333102413502736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various CACNA1A missense mutations cause familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), a rare monogenic subtype of migraine with aura. FHM1 mutation R192Q is associated with pure hemiplegic migraine, whereas the S218L mutation causes hemiplegic migraine, cerebellar ataxia, seizures, and mild head trauma-induced brain edema. Transgenic knock-in (KI) migraine mouse models were generated that carried either the FHM1 R192Q or the S218L mutation and were shown to exhibit increased CaV2.1 channel activity. Here we investigated their cerebellar and caudal cortical transcriptome. METHODS Caudal cortical and cerebellar RNA expression profiles from mutant and wild-type mice were studied using microarrays. Respective brain regions were selected based on their relevance to migraine aura and ataxia. Relevant expression changes were further investigated at RNA and protein level by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and/or immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Expression differences in the cerebellum were most pronounced in S218L mice. Particularly, tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of delayed cerebellar maturation, appeared strongly upregulated in S218L cerebella. In contrast, only minimal expression differences were observed in the caudal cortex of either mutant mice strain. CONCLUSION Despite pronounced consequences of migraine gene mutations at the neurobiological level, changes in cortical RNA expression in FHM1 migraine mice compared to wild-type are modest. In contrast, pronounced RNA expression changes are seen in the cerebellum of S218L mice and may explain their cerebellar ataxia phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukje de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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AMPKα1 regulates macrophage skewing at the time of resolution of inflammation during skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Metab 2013; 18:251-64. [PMID: 23931756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages control the resolution of inflammation through the transition from a proinflammatory (M1) to an anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype. Here, we present evidence for a role of AMPKα1, a master regulator of energy homeostasis, in macrophage skewing that occurs during skeletal muscle regeneration. Muscle regeneration was impaired in AMPKα1(-/-) mice. In vivo loss-of-function (LysM-Cre;AMPKα1(fl/fl) mouse) and rescue (bone marrow transplantation) experiments showed that macrophagic AMPKα1 was required for muscle regeneration. Cell-based experiments revealed that AMPKα1(-/-) macrophages did not fully acquire the phenotype or the functions of M2 cells. In vivo, AMPKα1(-/-) leukocytes did not acquire the expression of M2 markers during muscle regeneration. Skewing from M1 toward M2 phenotype upon phagocytosis of necrotic and apoptotic cells was impaired in AMPKα1(-/-) macrophages and when AMPK activation was prevented by the inhibition of its upstream activator, CaMKKβ. In conclusion, AMPKα1 is crucial for phagocytosis-induced macrophage skewing from a pro- to anti-inflammatory phenotype at the time of resolution of inflammation.
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Polymorphism rs7214723 in CAMKK1 and lung cancer risk in Chinese population. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3147-52. [PMID: 23737288 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphism rs7214723 was reported to be associated with lung cancer risk in UK Caucasians and caused the E375G substitution of CAMKK1 which plays important role in the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase cascade. To analyze rs7214723 in CAMKK1 and lung cancer risk in a Chinese population, SNPscan(TM) was used to genotype polymorphism rs7214723 in 961 lung cancer cases and 999 control subjects. The frequencies of the TT, TC, and CC genotypes of CAMKK1 rs7214723 were 43.3, 42.6, and 14.0 % in controls, and 41.1, 48.0, and 10.9 % in cases, respectively (P = 0.025). Compared with the CC genotype, TC genotype was associated with increased risk of lung cancer (OR 1.500, 95 % CI 1.112-2.022) after adjustment for age, gender, smoking status, and family history. The T allele of rs7214723 is the risk allele for lung carcinogenesis in dominant model (OR 1.354, 95 % CI 1.020-1.797). In stratified analysis, the risk effect of the TC genotype of rs7214723 was more evident in subgroups of those who had never been smokers (OR 1.556, 95 % CI 1.074-2.254). For the population without a family history of cancer, both the TT (OR 1.488, 95 % CI 1.050-2.109) and TC (OR 1.668, 95 % CI 1.180-2.357) carrier had an increased lung cancer risk. E375 is located in the kinase domain of CAMKK1, and E375G may change the electrical charge at the surface and decrease the kinase activity. Polymorphism rs7214723 in CAMKK1 might contribute to the risk of lung cancer in Chinese populations. The T allele is a risk allele in lung carcinogenesis.
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Lim J, Hotchin NA. Signalling mechanisms of the leukocyte integrin αMβ2: Current and future perspectives. Biol Cell 2012; 104:631-40. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Skelding KA, Rostas JAP. The role of molecular regulation and targeting in regulating calcium/calmodulin stimulated protein kinases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:703-30. [PMID: 22453966 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases can be classified as one of two types - restricted or multifunctional. This family of kinases contains several structural similarities: all possess a calmodulin binding motif and an autoinhibitory region. In addition, all of the calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases examined in this chapter are regulated by phosphorylation, which either activates or inhibits their kinase activity. However, as the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases are ubiquitously expressed, yet regulate a broad range of cellular functions, additional levels of regulation that control these cell-specific functions must exist. These additional layers of control include gene expression, signaling pathways, and expression of binding proteins and molecular targeting. All of the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinases examined in this chapter appear to be regulated by these additional layers of control, however, this does not appear to be the case for the restricted kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Skelding
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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