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Guo S, Wu X, Lei T, Zhong R, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Shi Y, Wu L. The Role and Therapeutic Value of Syndecan-1 in Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:784983. [PMID: 35118073 PMCID: PMC8804279 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and relapse are major causes of cancer-related fatalities. The elucidation of relevant pathomechanisms and adoption of appropriate countermeasures are thus crucial for the development of clinical strategies that inhibit malignancy progression as well as metastasis. An integral component of the extracellular matrix, the type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein syndecan-1 (SDC-1) binds cytokines and growth factors involved in tumor microenvironment modulation. Alterations in its localization have been implicated in both cancer metastasis and drug resistance. In this review, available data regarding the structural characteristics, shedding process, and nuclear translocation of SDC-1 are detailed with the aim of highlighting strategies directly targeting SDC-1 as well as SDC-1-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Guo
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - XinYi Wu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YiRan Wang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - QingYi Zhao
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Outpatient Department, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Shi, ; Luyi Wu,
| | - Luyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yin Shi, ; Luyi Wu,
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Zandonadi FS, Yokoo S, Granato DC, Rivera C, Macedo CCS, Soares CD, Carnielli CM, Domingues RR, Pauletti BA, Consonni SR, Colleta RD, Paes Leme AF. Follistatin-related protein 1 interacting partner of Syndecan-1 promotes an aggressive phenotype on Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) models. J Proteomics 2022; 254:104474. [PMID: 34990821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Syndecans belong to the family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans and are associated with many physiopathological processes, including oral cancer. As previously shown soluble syndecan-1 (SDC1) fragments and synthetic SDC1 peptide were able to induce cell migration in oral cancer cell lines. In order to explore the role of SDC1 in oral cancer, we have investigated SDC1 interacting partners and its functional role in oral cancer models. Here we have shown that SDC1 interacts with follistatin-related protein 1 (FSTL1) by its ectodomain (ectoSDC1) and extracellular juxtamembrane peptide (pepSDC1) and that their transcript levels can affect tumor events. Using orthotopic mouse model we identified that the knock-down for FSTL1 (shFSTL1) or for both FSTL1 and SDC1 (sh2KD) produced less aggressive and infiltrative tumors, with lower keratinization deposition, but with increased levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation compared to control and SDC1 knock-down. Based on cell culture assays, we suggest that the shFSTL1 effect on tumor tissues might be from significant increase of mRNA levels of Activin A (ActA) and its resceptors. This study shows for the first time two different complexes, SDC1 and FSTL1; pepSDC1 and FSTL1, exhibiting a close relationship in cell signaling events, as FSTL1 promotes a more aggressive phenotype. SIGNIFICANCE: This work contributes to the understanding of new SDC1 functions, based on the investigation of protein-protein complex formation in Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) models. The FSTL1 identification, as an interacting partner of SDC1 ectodomain and of its derived peptide promotes molecular events that favors cancer development and progression, as highlighted by Activin A (ActA) and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene expression and by changes in the phenotype of orthotopic OSCC mouse tumor tissues when SDC1-FSTL1 expression is modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia S Zandonadi
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sami Yokoo
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Campos Granato
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - César Rivera
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Carneiro Soares Macedo
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ciro Dantas Soares
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Moretto Carnielli
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Romênia Ramos Domingues
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca A Pauletti
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sílvio Roberto Consonni
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Colleta
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Paes Leme
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massas, Laboratório Nacional de Biociências, LNBio, CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Qu X, Leung TCN, Ngai SM, Tsai SN, Thakur A, Li WK, Lee Y, Leung L, Ng TH, Yam J, Lan L, Lau EHL, Wong EWY, Chan JYK, Meehan K. Proteomic Analysis of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Lymph Node Metastasis in Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:2179. [PMID: 34571828 PMCID: PMC8468562 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is the most reliable indicator of a poor prognosis for patients with oral tongue cancers. Currently, there are no biomarkers to predict whether a cancer will spread in the future if it has not already spread at the time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to quantitatively profile the proteomes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from blood samples taken from patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with and without lymph node involvement and non-cancer controls. EVs were enriched using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) from pooled plasma samples of patients with non-nodal and nodal oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and non-cancer controls. Protein cargo was quantitatively profiled using isobaric labelling (iTRAQ) and two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 208 EV associated proteins and, after filtering, generated a short list of 136 proteins. Over 85% of the EV-associated proteins were associated with the GO cellular compartment term "extracellular exosome". Comparisons between non-cancer controls and oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma with and without lymph node involvement revealed 43 unique candidate EV-associated proteins with deregulated expression patterns. The shortlisted EV associated proteins described here may be useful discriminatory biomarkers for differentiating OTSCC with and without nodal disease or non-cancer controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Thomas C. N. Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Sai-Ming Ngai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Sau-Na Tsai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (T.C.N.L.); (S.-M.N.); (S.-N.T.)
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Neuroscience, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (A.T.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wing-Kar Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; (A.T.); (Y.L.)
| | - Leanne Leung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Tung-Him Ng
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (T.-H.N.); (J.Y.)
| | - Judy Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, China; (T.-H.N.); (J.Y.)
| | - Linlin Lan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Eric H. L. Lau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Eddy W. Y. Wong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Jason Y. K. Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
| | - Katie Meehan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China; (X.Q.); (L.L.); (L.L.); (E.H.L.L.); (E.W.Y.W.); (J.Y.K.C.)
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Kumar-Singh A, Parniewska MM, Giotopoulou N, Javadi J, Sun W, Szatmári T, Dobra K, Hjerpe A, Fuxe J. Nuclear Syndecan-1 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Tumor Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060521. [PMID: 34208075 PMCID: PMC8230654 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) lose cell surface adhesion molecules and gain invasive and metastatic properties. EMT is a plastic process and tumor cells may shift between different epithelial-mesenchymal states during metastasis. However, how this is regulated is not fully understood. Syndecan-1 (SDC1) is the major cell surface proteoglycan in epithelial cells and has been shown to regulate carcinoma progression and EMT. Recently, it was discovered that SDC1 translocates into the cell nucleus in certain tumor cells. Nuclear SDC1 inhibits cell proliferation, but whether nuclear SDC1 contributes to the regulation of EMT is not clear. Here, we report that loss of nuclear SDC1 is associated with cellular elongation and an E-cadherin-to-N-cadherin switch during TGF-β1-induced EMT in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Further studies showed that nuclear translocation of SDC1 contributed to the repression of mesenchymal and invasive properties of human B6FS fibrosarcoma cells. The results demonstrate that nuclear translocation contributes to the capacity of SDC1 to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in human tumor cells and opens up to mechanistic studies to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar-Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pathology, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (M.M.P.); (N.G.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Malgorzata Maria Parniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pathology, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (M.M.P.); (N.G.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Nikolina Giotopoulou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pathology, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (M.M.P.); (N.G.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Joman Javadi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pathology, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (M.M.P.); (N.G.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Wenwen Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pathology, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (M.M.P.); (N.G.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pathology, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (M.M.P.); (N.G.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pathology, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (M.M.P.); (N.G.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
- Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (J.F.); Tel.: +46-707-980-065 (J.F.)
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pathology, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (M.M.P.); (N.G.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
- Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Fuxe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Division of Pathology, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (M.M.P.); (N.G.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (T.S.); (A.H.)
- Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (K.D.); (J.F.); Tel.: +46-707-980-065 (J.F.)
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Syndecan-1 Overexpressing Mesothelioma Cells Inhibit Proliferation, Wound Healing, and Tube Formation of Endothelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040655. [PMID: 33562126 PMCID: PMC7915211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is an important mediator of cell-matrix interactions. The heparan sulfate side-chains of SDC-1 can bind to a multitude of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, thereby regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes, including angiogenesis. The extracellular region of SDC-1 can be released from the cell surface by the action of sheddases including matrix metalloproteinase-7 and 9, resulting in a soluble protein that is still active and can act as a competitive activator or inhibitor of the cell surface receptor. Accelerated shedding and loss of cell surface SDC-1 is associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and achievement of a more invasive phenotype in malignant mesothelioma (MM). Transfection with SDC-1 reverts the morphology in epithelioid direction and inhibits the proliferation and migration of MM cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of SDC-1 in angiogenesis. We demonstrate that overexpression and silencing of SDC-1 alters the secretion of angiogenic proteins in MM cells. Upon SDC-1 overexpression, several factors collectively inhibit the proliferation, wound closure, and tube formation of endothelial cells, whereas SDC-1 silencing only affects wound healing. Abstract Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive tumor of the serosal cavities. Angiogenesis is important for mesothelioma progression, but so far, anti-angiogenic agents have not improved patient survival. Our hypothesis is that better understanding of the regulation of angiogenesis in this tumor would largely improve the success of such a therapy. Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that acts as a co-receptor in various cellular processes including angiogenesis. In MM, the expression of SDC-1 is generally low but when present, SDC-1 associates to epithelioid differentiation, inhibition of tumor cell migration and favorable prognosis, meanwhile SDC-1 decrease deteriorates the prognosis. In the present study, we studied the effect of SDC-1 overexpression and silencing on MM cells ability to secrete angiogenic factors and monitored the downstream effect of SDC-1 modulation on endothelial cells proliferation, wound healing, and tube formation. This was done by adding conditioned medium from SDC-1 transfected and SDC-1 silenced mesothelioma cells to endothelial cells. Moreover, we investigated the interplay and molecular functional changes in angiogenesis in a co-culture system and characterized the soluble angiogenesis-related factors secreted to the conditioned media. We demonstrated that SDC-1 over-expression inhibited the proliferation, wound healing, and tube formation of endothelial cells. This effect was mediated by a multitude of angiogenic factors comprising angiopoietin-1 (Fold change ± SD: 0.65 ± 0.07), FGF-4 (1.45 ± 0.04), HGF (1.33 ± 0.07), NRG1-β1 (1.35 ± 0.08), TSP-1 (0.8 ± 0.02), TIMP-1 (0.89 ± 0.01) and TGF-β1 (1.35 ± 0.01). SDC-1 silencing increased IL8 (1.33 ± 0.06), promoted wound closure, but did not influence the tube formation of endothelial cells. Pleural effusions from mesothelioma patients showed that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) levels correlate to soluble SDC-1 levels and have prognostic value. In conclusion, SDC-1 over-expression affects the angiogenic factor secretion of mesothelioma cells and thereby inhibits endothelial cells proliferation, tube formation, and wound healing. VEGF could be used in prognostic evaluation of mesothelioma patients together with SDC-1.
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Syndecan-1 Promotes Hepatocyte-Like Differentiation of Hepatoma Cells Targeting Ets-1 and AP-1. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101356. [PMID: 32977498 PMCID: PMC7598270 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan which is indispensable in the structural and functional integrity of epithelia. Normal hepatocytes display strong cell surface expression of syndecan-1; however, upon malignant transformation, they may lose it from their cell surfaces. In this study, we demonstrate that re-expression of full-length or ectodomain-deleted syndecan-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells downregulates phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, with the truncated form exerting an even stronger effect than the full-length protein. Furthermore, overexpression of syndecan-1 in hepatoma cells is associated with a shift of heparan sulfate structure toward a highly sulfated type specific for normal liver. As a result, cell proliferation and proteolytic shedding of syndecan-1 from the cell surface are restrained, which facilitates redifferentiation of hepatoma cells to a more hepatocyte-like phenotype. Our results highlight the importance of syndecan-1 in the formation and maintenance of differentiated epithelial characteristics in hepatocytes partly via the HGF/ERK/Ets-1 signal transduction pathway. Downregulation of Ets-1 expression alone, however, was not sufficient to replicate the phenotype of syndecan-1 overexpressing cells, indicating the need for additional molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, a reporter gene assay revealed the inhibition of Ets-1 as well as AP-1 transcription factor-induced promoter activation, presumably an effect of the heparan sulfate switch.
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Teixeira FCOB, Götte M. Involvement of Syndecan-1 and Heparanase in Cancer and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1221:97-135. [PMID: 32274708 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34521-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan Syndecan-1 acts as an important co-receptor for receptor tyrosine kinases and chemokine receptors, and as an adhesion receptor for structural glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix. It serves as a substrate for heparanase, an endo-β-glucuronidase that degrades specific domains of heparan sulfate carbohydrate chains and thereby alters the functional status of the proteoglycan and of Syndecan-1-bound ligands. Syndecan-1 and heparanase show multiple levels of functional interactions, resulting in mutual regulation of their expression, processing, and activity. These interactions are of particular relevance in the context of inflammation and malignant disease. Studies in animal models have revealed a mechanistic role of Syndecan-1 and heparanase in the regulation of contact allergies, kidney inflammation, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. Moreover, functional interactions between Syndecan-1 and heparanase modulate virtually all steps of tumor progression as defined in the Hallmarks of Cancer. Due to their prognostic value in cancer, and their mechanistic involvement in tumor progression, Syndecan-1 and heparanase have emerged as important drug targets. Data in preclinical models and preclinical phase I/II studies have already yielded promising results that provide a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C O B Teixeira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.
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Kumar-Singh A, Shrinet J, Parniewska MM, Fuxe J, Dobra K, Hjerpe A. Mapping the Interactome of the Nuclear Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Syndecan-1 in Mesothelioma Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071034. [PMID: 32664515 PMCID: PMC7408266 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC1) is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), which regulates various signaling pathways controlling the proliferation and migration of malignant mesothelioma and other types of cancer. We have previously shown that SDC1 can translocate to the nucleus in mesothelioma cells through a tubulin-dependent transport mechanism. However, the role of nuclear SDC1 is largely unknown. Here, we performed co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) of SDC1 in a mesothelioma cell line to identify SDC1 interacting proteins. The precipitates contained a large number of proteins, indicating the recovery of protein networks. Proteomic analysis with a focus on nuclear proteins revealed an association with pathways related to cell proliferation and RNA synthesis, splicing and transport. In support of this, the top RNA splicing candidates were verified to interact with SDC1 by Co-IP and subsequent Western blot analysis. Further loss- and gain-of-function experiments showed that SDC1 influences RNA levels in mesothelioma cells. The results identify a proteomic map of SDC1 nuclear interactors in a mesothelioma cell line and suggest a previously unknown role for SDC1 in RNA biogenesis. The results should serve as a fundament for further studies to discover the role of nuclear SDC1 in normal and cancer cells of different origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar-Singh
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (J.F.); (M.M.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Jatin Shrinet
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Malgorzata Maria Parniewska
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (J.F.); (M.M.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Jonas Fuxe
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (J.F.); (M.M.P.); (A.H.)
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (J.F.); (M.M.P.); (A.H.)
- Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+46-8-484-1093
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.K.-S.); (J.F.); (M.M.P.); (A.H.)
- Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
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Mavrogonatou E, Pratsinis H, Kletsas D. The role of senescence in cancer development. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 62:182-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Ledda C, Caltabiano R, Vella F, Matera S, Marconi A, Loreto C, Rapisarda V. Fibulin-3 as biomarker of malignant mesothelioma. Biomark Med 2019; 13:875-886. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many malignant diseases are associated with past asbestos exposure; the most lethal and strictly related to previous fiber exposure being malignant mesothelioma (MM). Effective preventive protocols may include sensitive and specific biomarkers. The role of Fb-3 has been recently investigated for MM early detection, but its role is still under debate. After an independent search for scientific literature, nine studies were included for a systematic review. Human Fb-3 levels seem to be able to separate healthy people with previous exposure to asbestiform fibers from MM patients. Fb-3 blood levels can distinguish MM effusions from other malignant and benign effusions. Furthers investigations on more significant groups of patients are desirable to validate and assess the validity of combining Fb-3 with other biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Vella
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Matera
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Marconi
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Carla Loreto
- Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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11
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Muscella A, Cossa LG, Vetrugno C, Antonaci G, Marsigliante S. Adenosine diphosphate regulates MMP2 and MMP9 activity in malignant mesothelioma cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1431:72-84. [PMID: 29984433 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although an association between cancer progression and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MPP9 expression has been known, the expression, nuclear localization, and physiologically controlled activation of these two MMPs have not been investigated in malignant mesothelioma cells. We examined the expression and intracellular localization of MMP2/9 in ZL55 malignant mesothelioma cells, as well as their regulation by ADP. Using real-time PCR, we showed that activation of the P2Y1 receptor by ADP increased the expression of MMP2/9 mRNAs; MMP2/9 collected from conditioned media also showed an increase in activity; and ADP induced the nuclear localization of MMP2/9. The effects of ADP on transcription of the MMPs were due to activation of c-Src, Akt, and NF-κB, while ERK1/2 phosphorylation was needed for the increase in enzymatic activity and the regulation of nuclear import. We also showed that the nuclear localization of MMP2/9 induced by ADP causes the cleavage and inactivation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1. These findings may help to elucidate the mechanisms regulating MMP2/9 activation in ZL55 human epithelioid mesothelioma cells, and perhaps other cells. Therapeutic approaches that promote ADP accumulation in a tumor environment may constitute an effective means to induce anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luca Giulio Cossa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carla Vetrugno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giovanna Antonaci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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12
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Zeng Y, Yao X, Chen L, Yan Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Feng T, Wu J, Liu X. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma via an MMP-7/ syndecan-1/TGF-β autocrine loop. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63324-63337. [PMID: 27556509 PMCID: PMC5325366 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between S1P and syndecan-1 in HCC, the molecular mechanism involved, as well as their roles in EMT of HCC. Results revealed a high serum S1P level presents in patients with HCC, which positively correlated with the serum syndecan-1 level. A significant inverse correlation existed between S1P1 and syndecan-1 in HCC tissues. S1P elicits activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways via S1P1, which triggers HPSE, leading to increases in expression and activity of MMP-7 and leading to shedding and suppression of syndecan-1. The loss of syndecan-1 causes an increase in TGF-β1 production. The limited chronic increase in TGF-β1 can convert HCC cells into a mesenchymal phenotype via establishing an MMP-7/Syndecan-1/TGF-β autocrine loop. Finally, TGF-β1 and syndecan-1 are essential for S1P-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Taken together, our study demonstrates that S1P induces advanced tumor phenotypes of HCC via establishing an MMP-7/syndecan-1/TGF-β1 autocrine loop, and implicates targetable S1P1-PI3K/AKT-HPSE-MMP-7 signaling axe in HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxia Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tang Feng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Szatmári T, Mundt F, Kumar-Singh A, Möbus L, Ötvös R, Hjerpe A, Dobra K. Molecular targets and signaling pathways regulated by nuclear translocation of syndecan-1. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:34. [PMID: 29216821 PMCID: PMC5721467 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-017-0150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 is important for tumor cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle regulation in a broad spectrum of malignancies. Syndecan-1, however, also translocates to the cell nucleus, where it might regulate various molecular functions. Results We used a fibrosarcoma model to dissect the functions of syndecan-1 related to the nucleus and separate them from functions related to the cell-surface. Nuclear translocation of syndecan-1 hampered the proliferation of fibrosarcoma cells compared to the mutant lacking nuclear localization signal. The growth inhibitory effect of nuclear syndecan-1 was accompanied by significant accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 phase, which indicated a possible G1/S phase arrest. We implemented multiple, unsupervised global transcriptome and proteome profiling approaches and combined them with functional assays to disclose the molecular mechanisms that governed nuclear translocation and its related functions. We identified genes and pathways related to the nuclear compartment with network enrichment analysis of the transcriptome and proteome. The TGF-β pathway was activated by nuclear syndecan-1, and three genes were significantly altered with the deletion of nuclear localization signal: EGR-1 (early growth response 1), NEK11 (never-in-mitosis gene a-related kinase 11), and DOCK8 (dedicator of cytokinesis 8). These candidate genes were coupled to growth and cell-cycle regulation. Nuclear translocation of syndecan-1 influenced the activity of several other transcription factors, including E2F, NFκβ, and OCT-1. The transcripts and proteins affected by syndecan-1 showed a striking overlap in their corresponding biological processes. These processes were dominated by protein phosphorylation and post-translation modifications, indicative of alterations in intracellular signaling. In addition, we identified molecules involved in the known functions of syndecan-1, including extracellular matrix organization and transmembrane transport. Conclusion Collectively, abrogation of nuclear translocation of syndecan-1 resulted in a set of changes clustering in distinct patterns, which highlighted the functional importance of nuclear syndecan-1 in hampering cell proliferation and the cell cycle. This study emphasizes the importance of the localization of syndecan-1 when considering its effects on tumor cell fate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-017-0150-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Filip Mundt
- Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashish Kumar-Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Möbus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rita Ötvös
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Averbeck M, Kuhn S, Bühligen J, Götte M, Simon JC, Polte T. Syndecan-1 regulates dendritic cell migration in cutaneous hypersensitivity to haptens. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1060-1067. [PMID: 28453867 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In human dendritic cells (DCs), we previously demonstrated in vitro that syndecan-1 (SDC1) is downregulated during maturation correlating with enhanced motility. We investigated the effects of SDC1 on DC migration in vivo during TNCB(2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene)-induced cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction (CHS) in mice. We show that DC in SDC1-deficient mice migrated faster and at a higher rate to lymph nodes draining the hapten-painted skin. Adoptive transfer of SDC1-deficient hapten- and fluorochrome-labelled DC into wild-type (WT) mice led to increased and faster migration of DC to paracortical lymph nodes, and to a stronger CHS compared to WT DC. In SDC1-/- mice, CCR7 remains longer on the DC surface within the first 15-minutes maturation (after LPS-induced maturation). In addition, a time-dependent upregulation of CCL2, CCL3, VCAM1 and talin was found during maturation in SDC1-/- DC. However, no difference in T-cell-stimulating capacity of SDC1-deficient DC was found compared to WT DC. Mechanistically, SDC1-deficient DC showed enhanced migration towards CCL21 and CCL19. This may result from functional overexpression of CCR7 in SDC1-/- DC. Increased and accelerated migration of otherwise functionally intact SDC1-deficient DC leads to an exacerbated CHS. Based on our results, we conclude that SDC1 on DC negatively regulates DC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Averbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kuhn
- Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Bühligen
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Polte
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Environmental Immunology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Mavrogonatou E, Pratsinis H, Papadopoulou A, Karamanos NK, Kletsas D. Extracellular matrix alterations in senescent cells and their significance in tissue homeostasis. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:27-42. [PMID: 29066153 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Normal cells after a defined number of successive divisions or after exposure to genotoxic stresses are becoming senescent, characterized by a permanent growth arrest. In addition, they secrete increased levels of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators, collectively termed "senescence-associated secretory phenotype". Furthermore, senescent cells exhibit an altered expression and organization of many extracellular matrix components, leading to specific remodeling of their microenvironment. In this review we present the current knowledge on extracellular matrix alterations associated with cellular senescence and critically discuss certain characteristic examples, highlighting the ambiguous role of senescent cells in the homeostasis of various tissues under both normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mavrogonatou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantia Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
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16
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Tzanakakis G, Kavasi RM, Voudouri K, Berdiaki A, Spyridaki I, Tsatsakis A, Nikitovic D. Role of the extracellular matrix in cancer-associated epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenomenon. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:368-381. [PMID: 28758355 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is a crucial component in the processes of morphogenesis and embryonic development. The transition of epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype is associated with numerous structural and functional changes, including loss of cell polarity and tight cell-cell junctions, the acquisition of invasive abilities, and the expression of mesenchymal proteins. The switch between the two phenotypes is involved in human pathology and is crucial for cancer progression. Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are multi-component networks that surround cells in tissues. These networks are obligatory for cell survival, growth, and differentiation as well as tissue organization. Indeed, the ECM suprastructure, in addition to its supportive role, can process and deliver a plethora of signals to cells, which ultimately regulate their behavior. Importantly, the ECM derived signals are critically involved in the process of EMT during tumorigenesis. This review discusses the multilayer interaction between the ECM and the EMT process, focusing on contributions of discrete mediators, a strategy that may identify novel potential target molecules. Developmental Dynamics 247:368-381, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rafaela-Maria Kavasi
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kallirroi Voudouri
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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17
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Colombe S, Houllier L, Fleurot E, Levallet G, Benhaïm A, Bonnamy PJ, Levallet J. Syndecan 1 represses cell growth and FSH responsiveness in human granulosa cells. Reproduction 2017; 153:797-808. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Albeit devoid of intrinsic catalytic activity, the transmembrane heparan sulphate proteoglycan syndecan 1 plays critical roles in cellular processes such as extracellular matrix crosstalk, cytoskeletal organization, cell spreading, proliferation and differentiation. During the ovarian cycle, the expression of syndecan 1 in granulosa cells shows cyclic variation suggesting that it might fulfil specific roles in follicle development. To investigate its physiological roles on granulosa cells, syndecan 1 was overexpressed in human granulosa cell line KGN which retains features of granulosa cells from small antral follicle such as estradiol (E2) synthesis and low expression of functional FSH receptor (FSHR). We demonstrated that overexpression of syndecan 1 in immature granulosa cells (KGN-SDC1) induces a profound alteration in their intrinsic characteristics including enhanced spreading and attachment, both associated with a reduced growth rate. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that syndecan 1 overexpression increases the percentage of KGN cells in quiescent phase. This partial cell cycle exit is concordant with downregulated levels of CCND1 and CDK4 and upregulated expression of CDK inhibitor CDKN1A. In parallel both unstimulated and FSH-induced E2 synthesis are reduced in KGN-SDC1 through both repression of CYP19A1 and FSHR mRNA associated with decreased levels of potential regulators NR5A1 and ESR2. Additionally, we provide evidence that transient cAMP accumulation reduction in cells overexpressing syndecan 1 is accompanied by an increase in cAMP-hydrolysing PDE activity. Our results demonstrated that syndecan 1 might regulate differentiation of granulosa cells and follicular development by means of various mechanisms involving morphological changes, control of signalling pathways and alterations in gene expressions.
Free French abstract: A French translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/153/6/797/suppl/DC2
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18
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Afratis NA, Nikitovic D, Multhaupt HAB, Theocharis AD, Couchman JR, Karamanos NK. Syndecans – key regulators of cell signaling and biological functions. FEBS J 2016; 284:27-41. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A. Afratis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
- Biotech Research & Innovation Center University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy‐Histology‐Embryology School of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece
| | | | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
| | - John R. Couchman
- Biotech Research & Innovation Center University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group Laboratory of Biochemistry Department of Chemistry University of Patras Greece
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19
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Pasqualon T, Pruessmeyer J, Jankowski V, Babendreyer A, Groth E, Schumacher J, Koenen A, Weidenfeld S, Schwarz N, Denecke B, Jahr H, Dreymueller D, Jankowski J, Ludwig A. A cytoplasmic C-terminal fragment of Syndecan-1 is generated by sequential proteolysis and antagonizes Syndecan-1 dependent lung tumor cell migration. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31295-312. [PMID: 26378057 PMCID: PMC4741606 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 is a surface expressed heparan sulphate proteoglycan, which is upregulated by several tumor types and involved in tumor cell migration and metastasis. Syndecan-1 is shed from the cell surface and the remaining transmembrane fragment undergoes intramembrane proteolysis by γ-secretase. We here show that this generates a cytoplasmic C-terminal fragment (cCTF). In epithelial lung tumor A549 cells the endogenously produced cCTF accumulated when its proteasomal degradation was blocked with bortezomib and this accumulation was prevented by γ-secretase inhibition. Overexpression of the cCTF suppressed migration and invasion of A549 cells. This inhibitory effect was only seen when endogenous syndecan-1 was present, but not in syndecan-1 deficient cells. Further, overexpression of syndecan-1 cCTF increased the basal activation of Src kinase, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Rho GTPase. This was associated with increased adhesion to fibronectin and collagen G and an increased recruitment of paxillin to focal adhesions. Moreover, lung tumor formation of A549 cells in mice was reduced by overexpression of syndecan-1 cCTF. Finally, delivery of a synthetic peptide corresponding to the syndecan-1 cCTF suppressed A549 cell migration and increased basal phosphorylation of Src and FAK. Our data indicate that the syndecan-1 cCTF antagonizes syndecan-1 dependent tumor cell migration in vitro and in vivo by dysregulating proadhesive signaling pathways and suggest that the cCTF can be used as an inhibitory peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Pasqualon
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Pruessmeyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Esther Groth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julian Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Koenen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Weidenfeld
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Dreymueller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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20
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Evaluation of New Biomarkers in the Prediction of Malignant Mesothelioma in Subjects with Environmental Asbestos Exposure. Lung 2016; 194:409-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Shegefti MS, Malekzadeh M, Malek-Hosseini Z, Khademi B, Ghaderi A, Doroudchi M. Reduced serum levels of syndecan-1 in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2015; 126:E191-5. [PMID: 26667395 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To investigate soluble syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) in the sera of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its correlation with the histopathological criteria of tumors. STUDY DESIGN In a case-control study using a convenient method of sampling, 18 female and 25 male patients with confirmed diagnosis of tongue SCC, and 19 healthy females and 27 males were studied. METHODS Soluble Sdc-1 was measured in the sera of 43 patients with tongue SCC and was compared with that of healthy age-/sex-matched controls using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinical and pathological data, along with the demographic characteristics of the patients, were recorded at the time of sampling. RESULTS The levels of soluble Sdc-1 were decreased in the sera of patients compared to controls (91.17 ± 88.60 vs. 158.17 ± 103.47 ng/mL, P = .002). Although patients who smoke tended to have higher grades (P = .043), there was no significant difference in the level of syndecan-1 between smokers and non-smokers. A significant difference between syndecan-1 in the sera of patients with tumors of different stages was observed (Kruskal-Wallis test P=0.039); however, scarcity of patients in stages I and III decreased the power of the comparison. CONCLUSIONS Sdc-1 levels in the sera of patients do not correlate with the tumor progression in the tongue SCC. This is in contrast with the reported inverse correlation between the expression level of membranous Sdc-1 and the histological grade and size of head and neck tumors. Therefore, Sdc-1 shedding may not be a major mechanism in the progressive loss of its expression regarding tongue tumor. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 126:E191-E195, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahyar Malekzadeh
- Institute for Cancer Research , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Malek-Hosseini
- Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Khademi
- Department of Otolaryngology , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Institute for Cancer Research , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Institute for Cancer Research , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Heparanase and Syndecan-4 Are Involved in Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan-Induced Angiogenesis. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6588-608. [PMID: 26516869 PMCID: PMC4663543 DOI: 10.3390/md13116588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of angiogenesis is a potential treatment for chronic ischemia. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF), the sulfated polysaccharide from brown seaweeds, has been shown to promote revascularization in a rat limb ischemia, increasing angiogenesis in vivo. We investigated the potential role of two heparan sulfate (HS) metabolism enzymes, exostosin-2 (EXT2) and heparanase (HPSE), and of two HS-membrane proteoglycans, syndecan-1 and -4 (SDC-1 and SDC-4), in LMWF induced angiogenesis. Our results showed that LMWF increases human vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and angiogenesis in vitro. We report that the expression and activity of the HS-degrading HPSE was increased after LMWF treatment. The phenotypic tests of LMWF-treated and EXT2- or HPSE-siRNA-transfected cells indicated that EXT2 or HPSE expression significantly affect the proangiogenic potential of LMWF. In addition, LMWF increased SDC-1, but decreased SDC-4 expressions. The effect of LMWF depends on SDC-4 expression. Silencing EXT2 or HPSE leads to an increased expression of SDC-4, providing the evidence that EXT2 and HPSE regulate the SDC-4 expression. Altogether, these data indicate that EXT2, HPSE, and SDC-4 are involved in the proangiogenic effects of LMWF, suggesting that the HS metabolism changes linked to LMWF-induced angiogenesis offer the opportunity for new therapeutic strategies of ischemic diseases.
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Syndecan-1 in Cancer: Implications for Cell Signaling, Differentiation, and Prognostication. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:796052. [PMID: 26420915 PMCID: PMC4569789 DOI: 10.1155/2015/796052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1, a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is critically involved in the differentiation and prognosis of various tumors. In this review, we highlight the synthesis, cellular interactions, and the signalling pathways regulated by syndecan-1. The basal syndecan-1 level is also crucial for understanding the sequential changes involving malignant transformation, tumor progression, and advanced or disseminated cancer stages. Moreover, we focus on the cellular localization of this proteoglycan as cell membrane anchored and/or shed, soluble syndecan-1 with stromal or nuclear accumulation and how this may carry different, highly tissue specific prognostic information for individual tumor types.
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Rønning SB, Carlson CR, Stang E, Kolset SO, Hollung K, Pedersen ME. Syndecan-4 Regulates Muscle Differentiation and Is Internalized from the Plasma Membrane during Myogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129288. [PMID: 26068620 PMCID: PMC4467083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface proteoglycan syndecan-4 has been reported to be crucial for muscle differentiation, but the molecular mechanisms still remain to be fully understood. During in vitro differentiation of bovine muscle cells immunocytochemical analyses showed strong labelling of syndecan-4 intracellularly, in close proximity with Golgi structures, in membranes of intracellular vesicles and finally, in the nuclear area including the nuclear envelope. Chase experiments showed that syndecan-4 was internalized from the plasma membrane during this process. Furthermore, when syndecan-4 was knocked down by siRNA more myotubes were formed, and the expression of myogenic transcription factors, β1-integrin and actin was influenced. However, when bovine muscle cells were treated with a cell-penetrating peptide containing the cytoplasmic region of syndecan-4, myoblast fusion and thus myotube formation was blocked, both in normal cells and in syndecan-4 knock down cells. Altogether this suggests that the cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4 is important in regulation of myogenesis. The internalization of syndecan-4 from the plasma membrane during muscle differentiation and the nuclear localization of syndecan-4 in differentiated muscle cells may be part of this regulation, and is a novel aspect of syndecan biology which merits further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cathrine R. Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Stang
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein O. Kolset
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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WU WENJUAN, ZHANG XIZHI, QIN HAONAN, PENG WANXIN, XUE QINGYU, LV HOUNING, ZHANG HUA, QIU YUMEI, CHENG HAICHAO, ZHANG YU, YU ZHIYONG, SHEN WEIGAN. Modulation of tumor cell migration, invasion and cell-matrix adhesion by human monopolar spindle-one-binder 2. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2495-503. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Advances in the molecular functions of syndecan-1 (SDC1/CD138) in the pathogenesis of malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 94:1-17. [PMID: 25563413 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC1, synd, CD138) is the most widely studied member of four structurally related cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Although SDC1 has been implicated in a wide range of biological functions, its altered expression often produces malignant phenotypes, which arise from increased cell proliferation and cell growth, cell survival, cell invasion and metastasis, and angiogenesis. Recent studies revealed much about the underlying molecular roles of SDC1 in these processes. The changes in SDC1 expression also have a direct impact on the clinical course of cancers, as evident by its prognostic significance. Accumulating evidence suggest that SDC1 is involved in stimulation of cancer stem cells (CSC) or tumor initiating cells (TIC) and this may affect disease relapse, and resistance to therapy. This review discusses the progress on the pro-tumorigenic role(s) of SDC1 and how these roles may impact the clinical aspect of the disease. Also discussed, are the current strategies for targeting SDC1 or its related signaling.
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Kovalszky I, Hjerpe A, Dobra K. Nuclear translocation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans and their functional significance. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2491-7. [PMID: 24780644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are important constituents of the cell membrane and they act as co-receptors for cellular signaling. Syndecan-1, glypican and perlecan also translocate to the nucleus in a regulated manner. Similar nuclear transport of growth factors and heparanase indicate a possible co-regulation and functional significance. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review we dissect the structural requirement for the nuclear translocation of HSPGs and their functional implications.s MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The functions of the nuclear HSPGs are still incompletely understood. Evidence point to possible functions in hampering cell proliferation, inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I activity and inhibition of gene transcription. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE HSPGs influence the behavior of malignant tumors in many different ways. Modulating their functions may offer powerful tools to control fundamental biological processes and provide the basis for subsequent targeted therapies in cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kovalszky
- First Department of Pathology & Experimental Cancer Research Semmelweis University, Üllői street 26, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Anders Hjerpe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital F46, SE-141 86 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital F46, SE-141 86 Stockholm Sweden.
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Nikitovic D, Mytilinaiou M, Berdiaki A, Karamanos NK, Tzanakakis GN. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and heparin regulate melanoma cell functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2471-81. [PMID: 24486410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The solid melanoma tumor consists of transformed melanoma cells, and the associated stromal cells including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, as well as, soluble macro- and micro-molecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM) forming the complex network of the tumor microenvironment. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are an important component of the melanoma tumor ECM. Importantly, there appears to be both a quantitative and a qualitative shift in the content of HSPGs, in parallel to the nevi-radial growth phase-vertical growth phase melanoma progression. Moreover, these changes in HSPG expression are correlated to modulations of key melanoma cell functions. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review will critically discuss the roles of HSPGs/heparin in melanoma development and progression. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We have correlated HSPGs' expression and distribution with melanoma cell signaling and functions as well as angiogenesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The current knowledge of HSPGs/heparin biology in melanoma provides a foundation we can utilize in the ongoing search for new approaches in designing anti-tumor therapy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Matrix-mediated cell behaviour and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nikitovic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - M Mytilinaiou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Ai Berdiaki
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - N K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - G N Tzanakakis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece.
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Poblete CE, Fulla J, Gallardo M, Muñoz V, Castellón EA, Gallegos I, Contreras HR. Increased SNAIL expression and low syndecan levels are associated with high Gleason grade in prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:647-54. [PMID: 24424718 PMCID: PMC3928469 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is a leading male oncologic malignancy wideworld. During malignant transformation, normal epithelial cells undergo genetic and morphological changes known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Several regulatory genes and specific marker proteins are involved in PC EMT. Recently, syndecans have been associated with malignancy grade and Gleason score in PC. Considering that SNAIL is mainly a gene repressor increased in PC and that syndecan promoters have putative binding sites for this repressor, we propose that SNAIL might regulate syndecan expression during PC EMT. The aim of this study was to analyze immunochemically the expression of SNAIL, syndecans 1 and 2 and other EMT markers in a tissue microarray (TMA) of PC samples and PC cell lines. The TMAs included PC samples of different Gleason grade and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples, as non-malignant controls. PC3 and LNCaP cell lines were used as models of PC representing different tumorigenic capacities. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry was performed on TMAs and fluorescence immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis were conducted on cell cultures. Results show that SNAIL exhibits increased expression in high Gleason specimens compared to low histological grade and BPH samples. Accordingly, PC3 cells show higher SNAIL expression levels compared to LNCaP cells. Conversely, syndecan 1, similarly to E-cadherin (a known marker of EMT), shows a decreased expression in high Gleason grades samples and PC3 cells. Interestingly, syndecan 2 shows no changes associated to histological grade. It is concluded that increased SNAIL levels in advanced PC are associated with low expression of syndecan 1. The mechanism by which SNAIL regulates the expression of syndecan 1 remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian E Poblete
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Fulla
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Gallardo
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valentina Muñoz
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique A Castellón
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivan Gallegos
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Clinic Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hector R Contreras
- Physiology and Biophysics Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Szatmári T, Dobra K. The role of syndecan-1 in cellular signaling and its effects on heparan sulfate biosynthesis in mesenchymal tumors. Front Oncol 2013; 3:310. [PMID: 24392351 PMCID: PMC3867677 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) and in particular the syndecans are involved in the differentiation process across the epithelial-mesenchymal axis, principally through their ability to bind growth factors and modulate their downstream signaling. Malignant tumors have individual proteoglycan profiles, which are closely associated with their differentiation and biological behavior, mesenchymal tumors showing a different profile from that of epithelial tumors. Syndecan-1 is the main syndecan of epithelial malignancies, whereas in sarcomas its expression level is generally low, in accordance with their mesenchymal phenotype and highly malignant behavior. This proteoglycan is often overexpressed in adenocarcinoma cells, whereas mesothelioma and fibrosarcoma cells express syndecan-2 and syndecan-4 more abundantly. Increased expression of syndecan-1 in mesenchymal tumors changes the tumor cell morphology to an epithelioid direction whereas downregulation results in a change in shape from polygonal to spindle-like morphology. Although syndecan-1 plays major roles on the cell-surface, there are also intracellular functions, which are not very well studied. On the functional level, syndecan-1 affects mesenchymal tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and motility, and the effect varies with the different domains of the core protein. Syndecan-1 may exert stimulatory or inhibitory effects, depending on the concentration of various mitogens, enzymes, and signaling molecules, the ratio between the shed and membrane-associated syndecan-1 and histological grade of the tumour. Growth factor signaling seems to be delicately controlled by regulatory loops involving the syndecan expression levels and their sulfation patterns. Overexpression of syndecan-1 modulates the biosynthesis and sulfation of heparan sulfate and it also affects the expression of other PGs. On transcriptomic level, syndecan-1 modulation results in profound effects on genes involved in regulation of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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Szabo S, Xu Y, Romero R, Fule T, Karaszi K, Bhatti G, Varkonyi T, Varkonyi I, Krenacs T, Dong Z, Tarca AL, Chaiworapongsa T, Hassan SS, Papp Z, Kovalszky I, Than NG. Changes of placental syndecan-1 expression in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Virchows Arch 2013; 463:445-58. [PMID: 23807541 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is characterized by maternal systemic anti-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory states. Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast, which plays an important role in angiogenesis and resolution of inflammation. Our aim was to examine placental syndecan-1 expression in preeclampsia with or without hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome. Placentas were obtained from women in the following groups: (1) late-onset preeclampsia (n = 8); (2) early-onset preeclampsia without (n = 7) and (3) with HELLP syndrome (n = 8); (4) preterm controls (n = 5); and (5) term controls (n = 9). Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from paraffin-embedded placentas. TMA slides were immunostained for syndecan-1 and evaluated using microscopy, virtual microscopy, and semi-automated image analysis. Maternal sera from patients with preeclampsia (n = 49) and controls (n = 32) were immunoassayed for syndecan-1. BeWo cells were treated with Forskolin or Latrunculin B or kept in ischemic conditions. SDC1 expression and syndecan-1 production were investigated with qRT-PCR, confocal microscopy, and immunoassays. Syndecan-1 was localized to the syncytiotrophoblast apical membrane in normal placentas. Syndecan-1 immunoscores were higher in late-onset preeclampsia (p = 0.0001) and early-onset preeclampsia with or without HELLP syndrome (p = 0.02 for both) than in controls. Maternal serum syndecan-1 concentration was lower in preeclampsia (median, 673 ng/ml; interquartile range, 459-1,161 ng/ml) than in controls (1,158 ng/ml; 622-1,480 ng/ml). SDC1 expression and syndecan-1 immunostainings in BeWo cells and syndecan-1 concentrations in supernatants increased during cell differentiation. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with Latrunculin B decreased syndecan-1 release, while ischemic conditions increased it. Syncytiotrophoblastic syndecan-1 expression depends on the differentiation of villous trophoblasts, and trophoblastic syndecan-1 release is decreased in preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. This phenomenon may be related to the disturbed syncytiotrophoblastic cortical actin cytoskeleton and associated with maternal anti-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory states in these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Szabo
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Lord MS, Whitelock JM. Recombinant production of proteoglycans and their bioactive domains. FEBS J 2013; 280:2490-510. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megan S. Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; The University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; Australia
| | - John M. Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; The University of New South Wales; Sydney; NSW; Australia
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Tan IDA, Ricciardelli C, Russell DL. The metalloproteinase ADAMTS1: a comprehensive review of its role in tumorigenic and metastatic pathways. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2263-76. [PMID: 23444028 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As it was first characterized in 1997, the ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin motifs) metalloprotease family has been associated with many physiological and pathological conditions. Of the 19 proteases belonging to this family, considerable attention has been devoted to the role of its first member ADAMTS1 in cancer. Elevated ADAMTS1 promotes pro-tumorigenic changes such as increased tumor cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis and altered vascularization. Importantly, it facilitates significant peritumoral remodeling of the extracellular matrix environment to promote tumor progression and metastasis. However, discrepancy exists, as several studies also depict ADAMTS1 as a tumor suppressor. This article reviews the current understanding of ADAMTS1 regulation and the consequence of its dysregulation in primary cancer and ADAMTS1-mediated pathways of cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izza de Arao Tan
- Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Univeristy of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Choi S, Kang DH, Oh ES. Targeting syndecans: a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:695-705. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.773313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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36
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Expression of matrix macromolecules and functional properties of breast cancer cells are modulated by the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1926-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Szatmári T, Mundt F, Heidari-Hamedani G, Zong F, Ferolla E, Alexeyenko A, Hjerpe A, Dobra K. Novel genes and pathways modulated by syndecan-1: implications for the proliferation and cell-cycle regulation of malignant mesothelioma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48091. [PMID: 23144729 PMCID: PMC3483307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a highly malignant tumor, originating from mesothelial cells of the serous cavities. In mesothelioma the expression of syndecan-1 correlates to epithelioid morphology and inhibition of growth and migration. Our previous data suggest a complex role of syndecan-1 in mesothelioma cell proliferation although the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely elucidated. The aim of this study is therefore to disclose critical genes and pathways affected by syndecan-1 in mesothelioma; in order to better understand its importance for tumor cell growth and proliferation. We modulated the expression of syndecan-1 in a human mesothelioma cell line via both overexpression and silencing, and followed the transcriptomic responses with microarray analysis. To project the transcriptome analysis on the full-dimensional picture of cellular regulation, we applied pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and a novel method of network enrichment analysis (NEA) which elucidated signaling relations between differentially expressed genes and pathways acting via various molecular mechanisms. Syndecan-1 overexpression had profound effects on genes involved in regulation of cell growth, cell cycle progression, adhesion, migration and extracellular matrix organization. In particular, expression of several growth factors, interleukins, and enzymes of importance for heparan sulfate sulfation pattern, extracellular matrix proteins and proteoglycans were significantly altered. Syndecan-1 silencing had less powerful effect on the transcriptome compared to overexpression, which can be explained by the already low initial syndecan-1 level of these cells. Nevertheless, 14 genes showed response to both up- and downregulation of syndecan-1. The "cytokine - cytokine-receptor interaction", the TGF-β, EGF, VEGF and ERK/MAPK pathways were enriched in both experimental settings. Most strikingly, nearly all analyzed pathways related to cell cycle were enriched after syndecan-1 silencing and depleted after syndecan-1 overexpression. Syndecan-1 regulates proliferation in a highly complex way, although the exact contribution of the altered pathways necessitates further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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38
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Novel genes and pathways modulated by syndecan-1: implications for the proliferation and cell-cycle regulation of malignant mesothelioma cells. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23144729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048091pone-d-12-14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a highly malignant tumor, originating from mesothelial cells of the serous cavities. In mesothelioma the expression of syndecan-1 correlates to epithelioid morphology and inhibition of growth and migration. Our previous data suggest a complex role of syndecan-1 in mesothelioma cell proliferation although the exact underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely elucidated. The aim of this study is therefore to disclose critical genes and pathways affected by syndecan-1 in mesothelioma; in order to better understand its importance for tumor cell growth and proliferation. We modulated the expression of syndecan-1 in a human mesothelioma cell line via both overexpression and silencing, and followed the transcriptomic responses with microarray analysis. To project the transcriptome analysis on the full-dimensional picture of cellular regulation, we applied pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and a novel method of network enrichment analysis (NEA) which elucidated signaling relations between differentially expressed genes and pathways acting via various molecular mechanisms. Syndecan-1 overexpression had profound effects on genes involved in regulation of cell growth, cell cycle progression, adhesion, migration and extracellular matrix organization. In particular, expression of several growth factors, interleukins, and enzymes of importance for heparan sulfate sulfation pattern, extracellular matrix proteins and proteoglycans were significantly altered. Syndecan-1 silencing had less powerful effect on the transcriptome compared to overexpression, which can be explained by the already low initial syndecan-1 level of these cells. Nevertheless, 14 genes showed response to both up- and downregulation of syndecan-1. The "cytokine - cytokine-receptor interaction", the TGF-β, EGF, VEGF and ERK/MAPK pathways were enriched in both experimental settings. Most strikingly, nearly all analyzed pathways related to cell cycle were enriched after syndecan-1 silencing and depleted after syndecan-1 overexpression. Syndecan-1 regulates proliferation in a highly complex way, although the exact contribution of the altered pathways necessitates further functional studies.
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Altemeier WA, Schlesinger SY, Buell CA, Brauer R, Rapraeger AC, Parks WC, Chen P. Transmembrane and extracellular domains of syndecan-1 have distinct functions in regulating lung epithelial migration and adhesion. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:34927-34935. [PMID: 22936802 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.376814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan that can organize co-receptors into a multimeric complex to transduce intracellular signals. The syndecan-1 core protein has multiple domains that confer distinct cell- and tissue-specific functions. Indeed, the extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains have all been found to regulate specific cellular processes. Our previous work demonstrated that syndecan-1 controls lung epithelial migration and adhesion. Here, we identified the necessary domains of the syndecan-1 core protein that modulate its function in lung epithelial repair. We found that the syndecan-1 transmembrane domain has a regulatory function in controlling focal adhesion disassembly, which in turn controls cell migration speed. In contrast, the extracellular domain facilitates cell adhesion through affinity modulation of α(2)β(1) integrin. These findings highlight the fact that syndecan-1 is a multidimensional cell surface receptor that has several regulatory domains to control various biological processes. In particular, the lung epithelium requires the syndecan-1 transmembrane domain to govern cell migration and is independent from its ability to control cell adhesion via the extracellular domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Altemeier
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-4752
| | - Saundra Y Schlesinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-4752
| | - Catherine A Buell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-4752
| | - Rena Brauer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-4752
| | - Alan C Rapraeger
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - William C Parks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-4752
| | - Peter Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109-4752.
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Aragão AZB, Belloni M, Simabuco FM, Zanetti MR, Yokoo S, Domingues RR, Kawahara R, Pauletti BA, Gonçalves A, Agostini M, Graner E, Coletta RD, Fox JW, Leme AFP. Novel processed form of syndecan-1 shed from SCC-9 cells plays a role in cell migration. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43521. [PMID: 22905270 PMCID: PMC3419706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular milieu is comprised in part by products of cellular secretion and cell surface shedding. The presence of such molecules of the sheddome and secretome in the context of the extracellular milieu may have important clinical implications. In cancer they have been hypothesized to play a role in tumor growth and metastasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the sheddome/secretome from two cell lines could be correlated with their potential for tumor development. Two epithelial cell lines, HaCaT and SCC-9, were chosen based on their differing abilities to form tumors in animal models of tumorigenesis. These cell lines when stimulated with phorbol-ester (PMA) showed different characteristics as assessed by cell migration, adhesion and higher gelatinase activity. Proteomic analysis of the media from these treated cells identified interesting, functionally relevant differences in their sheddome/secretome. Among the shed proteins, soluble syndecan-1 was found only in media from stimulated tumorigenic cells (SCC-9) and its fragments were observed in higher amount in the stimulated tumorigenic cells than stimulated non-tumorigenic cells (HaCaT). The increase in soluble syndecan-1 was associated with a decrease in membrane-bound syndecan-1 of SCC-9 cells after PMA stimuli. To support a functional role for soluble syndecan-1 fragments we demonstrated that the synthetic syndecan-1 peptide was able to induce cell migration in both cell lines. Taken together, these results suggested that PMA stimulation alters the sheddome/secretome of the tumorigenic cell line SCC-9 and one such component, the syndecan-1 peptide identified in this study, was revealed to promote migration in these epithelial cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelize Z. B. Aragão
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marília Belloni
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernando M. Simabuco
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana R. Zanetti
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sami Yokoo
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Romênia R. Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Kawahara
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bianca A. Pauletti
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Anderson Gonçalves
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Michelle Agostini
- Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Edgard Graner
- Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D. Coletta
- Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Jay W. Fox
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Adriana F. Paes Leme
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory – CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Péterfia B, Füle T, Baghy K, Szabadkai K, Fullár A, Dobos K, Zong F, Dobra K, Hollósi P, Jeney A, Paku S, Kovalszky I. Syndecan-1 enhances proliferation, migration and metastasis of HT-1080 cells in cooperation with syndecan-2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39474. [PMID: 22745764 PMCID: PMC3383727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane heparan sulphate proteoglycans. Their role in the development of the malignant phenotype is ambiguous and depends upon the particular type of cancer. Nevertheless, syndecans are promising targets in cancer therapy, and it is important to elucidate the mechanisms controlling their various cellular effects. According to earlier studies, both syndecan-1 and syndecan-2 promote malignancy of HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells, by increasing the proliferation rate and the metastatic potential and migratory ability, respectively. To better understand their tumour promoter role in this cell line, syndecan expression levels were modulated in HT-1080 cells and the growth rate, chemotaxis and invasion capacity were studied. For in vivo testing, syndecan-1 overexpressing cells were also inoculated into mice. Overexpression of full length or truncated syndecan-1 lacking the entire ectodomain but containing the four juxtamembrane amino acids promoted proliferation and chemotaxis. These effects were accompanied by a marked increase in syndecan-2 protein expression. The pro-migratory and pro-proliferative effects of truncated syndecan-1 were not observable when syndecan-2 was silenced. Antisense silencing of syndecan-2, but not that of syndecan-1, inhibited cell migration. In vivo, both full length and truncated syndecan-1 increased tumour growth and metastatic rate. Based on our in vitro results, we conclude that the tumour promoter role of syndecan-1 observed in HT-1080 cells is independent of its ectodomain; however, in vivo the presence of the ectodomain further increases tumour proliferation. The enhanced migratory ability induced by syndecan-1 overexpression is mediated by syndecan-2. Overexpression of syndecan-1 also leads to activation of IGF1R and increased expression of Ets-1. These changes were not evident when syndecan-2 was overexpressed. These findings suggest the involvement of IGF1R and Ets-1 in the induction of syndecan-2 synthesis and stimulation of proliferation by syndecan-1. This is the first report demonstrating that syndecan-1 enhances malignancy of a mesenchymal tumour cell line, via induction of syndecan-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Péterfia
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Füle
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Baghy
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabadkai
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Fullár
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dobos
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fang Zong
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katalin Dobra
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Péter Hollósi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Jeney
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Paku
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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