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Teplitskiy M, Acuna D, Elamrani-Raoult A, Körding K, Evans J. The sociology of scientific validity: How professional networks shape judgement in peer review. RESEARCH POLICY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang B, Zhao J, Wu Z, Shang W, Xiang J, Cao R, Li H, Chen J, Zhang H, Yan T. Eccentricity Effects on the Efficiency of Attentional Networks: Evidence From a Modified Attention Network Test. Perception 2016; 45:1375-1386. [PMID: 27383393 DOI: 10.1177/0301006616658307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The effects of eccentricity on the attentional modulation of visual discrimination have been widely studied; however, the substrate of this complex phenomenon is poorly understood. Here, we provided a measure of the effects of eccentricity on three attentional networks: alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Participants ( N = 63) were tested with a modified attention network test that included an additional eccentricity variation; this test allowed us to investigate the efficiency of the attentional networks at near and far eccentricities. Compared with targets at the near eccentricity, targets at the far eccentricity generally elicited significantly longer reaction times. We also found the far eccentricity was associated with smaller orienting effect scores and larger executive control scores than the near eccentricity. Interestingly, at the near eccentricity, executive control scores were larger when the spatial information was neutral (no cue, center cue, and double cue), but at the far eccentricity, the scores were larger when the spatial information was valid (spatial cue). We propose that the allocation of attentional resources differed among these cue conditions and influenced the interference caused by conflicting information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Acupuncture and Massage Department, Taiyuan City Central Hospital, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | - Wei Shang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | - Rui Cao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | - Haifang Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Wang B, Guo J, Yan T, Ohno S, Kanazawa S, Huang Q, Wu J. Neural Responses to Central and Peripheral Objects in the Lateral Occipital Cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:54. [PMID: 26924972 PMCID: PMC4759278 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human object recognition and classification depend on the retinal location where the object is presented and decrease as eccentricity increases. The lateral occipital complex (LOC) is thought to be preferentially involved in the processing of objects, and its neural responses exhibit category biases to objects presented in the central visual field. However, the nature of LOC neural responses to central and peripheral objects remains largely unclear. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and a wide-view presentation system to investigate neural responses to four categories of objects (faces, houses, animals, and cars) in the primary visual cortex (V1) and the lateral visual cortex, including the LOC and the retinotopic areas LO-1 and LO-2. In these regions, the neural responses to objects decreased as the distance between the location of presentation and center fixation increased, which is consistent with the diminished perceptual ability that was found for peripherally presented images. The LOC and LO-2 exhibited significantly positive neural responses to all eccentricities (0–55°), but LO-1 exhibited significantly positive responses only to central eccentricities (0–22°). By measuring the ratio relative to V1 (RRV1), we further demonstrated that eccentricity, category and the interaction between them significantly affected neural processing in these regions. LOC, LO-1, and LO-2 exhibited larger RRV1s when stimuli were presented at an eccentricity of 0° compared to when they were presented at the greater eccentricities. In LOC and LO-2, the RRV1s for images of faces, animals and cars showed an increasing trend when the images were presented at eccentricities of 11 to 33°. However, the RRV1s for houses showed a decreasing trend in LO-1 and no difference in the LOC and LO-2. We hypothesize, that when houses and the images in the other categories were presented in the peripheral visual field, they were processed via different strategies in the lateral visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiayue Guo
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University Okayama, Japan
| | - Tianyi Yan
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing, China; Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing, China
| | - Seiichiro Ohno
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama University Okayama, Japan
| | - Susumu Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Okayama, Japan
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing, China; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityOkayama, Japan
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Shu N, Gao Z, Chen X, Liu H. Computational Model of Primary Visual Cortex Combining Visual Attention for Action Recognition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130569. [PMID: 26132270 PMCID: PMC4489578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans can easily understand other people’s actions through visual systems, while computers cannot. Therefore, a new bio-inspired computational model is proposed in this paper aiming for automatic action recognition. The model focuses on dynamic properties of neurons and neural networks in the primary visual cortex (V1), and simulates the procedure of information processing in V1, which consists of visual perception, visual attention and representation of human action. In our model, a family of the three-dimensional spatial-temporal correlative Gabor filters is used to model the dynamic properties of the classical receptive field of V1 simple cell tuned to different speeds and orientations in time for detection of spatiotemporal information from video sequences. Based on the inhibitory effect of stimuli outside the classical receptive field caused by lateral connections of spiking neuron networks in V1, we propose surround suppressive operator to further process spatiotemporal information. Visual attention model based on perceptual grouping is integrated into our model to filter and group different regions. Moreover, in order to represent the human action, we consider the characteristic of the neural code: mean motion map based on analysis of spike trains generated by spiking neurons. The experimental evaluation on some publicly available action datasets and comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangan Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Haihua Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- * E-mail:
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Yazdani F, Akbarfahimi M, Hassani Mehraban A, Jalaei S, Torabi-nami M. A computer-based selective visual attention test for first-grade school children: design, development and psychometric properties. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2015; 29:184. [PMID: 26034737 PMCID: PMC4431431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual attention is known as a critical base for learning. The purpose of the present study was to design, develop and evaluate the test-retest and internal consistency reliability as well as face, content and convergent validity of the computer- based selective visual attention test (SeVAT) for healthy first-grade school children. METHODS In the first phase of this study, the computer-based SeVAT was developed in two versions of original and parallel. Ten experts in occupational therapy helped to measure the content validity using the CVR and CVI methods. Face validity was measured through opinions collected from 10 first-grade children. The convergent validity of the test was examined using the Spearman correlation between the SeVAT and Stroop test. In addition, test-retest reliability was determined by measuring the intra-class correlation (ICC) between the original and parallel versions of the SeVAT in a single session. The internal consistency was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Sixty first grade children (30 girls/30boys) participated in this study. RESULTS The developed test was found to have good content and face validity. The SeVAT showed an excellent test-retest reliability (ICC= 0.778, p<0.001) and internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha of original and parallel tests were 0.857 and 0.831, respectively). SeVAT and Stroop test demonstrated a positive correlation upon the convergent validity testing. CONCLUSION Our results suggested an acceptable reliability and validity for the computer-based SeVAT in the assessment of selective attention in children. Further research may warrant the differential validity of such a test in other age groups and neuro-cognitively disordered populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Yazdani
- 1 MSc of Occupational Therapy, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malahat Akbarfahimi
- 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afsoon Hassani Mehraban
- 3 Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shohreh Jalaei
- 4 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Torabi-nami
- 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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