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Urban I, Turinsky M, Gehrmann S, Morgenstern J, Brune M, Milewski MR, Wagner AH, Rumig C, Fleming T, Leuschner F, Gleissner CA, Hecker M. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J
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Reinforces the Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of Endothelial Cells With a Genetically Determined NO Deficit. Circ Res 2019; 125:282-294. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Fluid shear stress (FSS) maintains NOS-3 (endothelial NO synthase) expression. Homozygosity for the C variant of the T-786C single-nucleotide polymorphism of the
NOS3
gene, which solely exists in humans, renders the gene less sensitive to FSS, resulting in a reduced endothelial cell (EC) capacity to generate NO. Decreased bioavailability of NO in the arterial vessel wall facilitates atherosclerosis. Consequently, individuals homozygous for the C variant have an increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).
Objective:
At least 2 compensatory mechanisms seem to minimize the deleterious effects of this single-nucleotide polymorphism in affected individuals, one of which is characterized herein.
Methods and Results:
Human genotyped umbilical vein ECs and THP-1 monocytes were used to investigate the role of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J
2
(15d-PGJ
2
) in vitro. Its concentration in plasma samples from genotyped patients with CHD and age-matched CHD-free controls was determined using quantitative ultraperformance LC-MS/MS. Exposure of human ECs to FSS effectively reduced monocyte transmigration particularly through monolayers of CC-genotype ECs. Primarily in CC-genotype ECs, FSS elicited a marked rise in COX (cyclooxygenase)-2 and L-PGDS (lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase) expression, which appeared to be NO sensitive, and provoked a significant release of 15d-PGJ
2
over baseline. Exogenous 15d-PGJ
2
significantly reduced monocyte transmigration and exerted a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on the transmigrated monocytes by downregulating, for example, transcription of the IL (interleukin)-1β gene (
IL1B
). Reporter gene analyses verified that this effect is due to binding of Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]–like 2) to 2 AREs (antioxidant response elements) in the proximal
IL1B
promoter. In patients with CHD, 15d-PGJ
2
plasma levels were significantly upregulated compared with age-matched CHD-free controls, suggesting that this powerful anti-inflammatory prostanoid is part of an endogenous defence mechanism to counteract CHD.
Conclusions:
Despite a reduced capacity to form NO, CC-genotype ECs maintain a robust anti-inflammatory phenotype through an enhanced FSS-dependent release of 15d-PGJ
2
.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelina Urban
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Martin Turinsky
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Sviatlana Gehrmann
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry (J.M., M.B., T.F.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry (J.M., M.B., T.F.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Moritz R. Milewski
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Andreas H. Wagner
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Cordula Rumig
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry (J.M., M.B., T.F.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology (F.L., C.A.G.), Heidelberg University Hospital
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany (F.L., M.H.)
| | - Christian A. Gleissner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology (F.L., C.A.G.), Heidelberg University Hospital
| | - Markus Hecker
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heidelberg University (I.U., M.T., S.G., M.R.M., A.H.W., C.R., M.H.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany (F.L., M.H.)
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Lu J, Guo S, Xue X, Chen Q, Ge J, Zhuo Y, Zhong H, Chen B, Zhao M, Han W, Suzuki T, Zhu M, Xia L, Schneider C, Blackwell TS, Porter NA, Zheng L, Tsimikas S, Yin H. Identification of a novel series of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative phospholipid oxidation products containing the cyclopentenone moiety in vitro and in vivo: Implication in atherosclerosis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5378-5391. [PMID: 28202546 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.751909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two major contributing factors to atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Oxidation of phospholipids on the surface of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles generated under oxidative stress has been associated with the progression of atherosclerosis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. We identified a novel series of oxidation products containing the cyclopentenone moiety, termed deoxy-A2/J2-isoprostanes-phosphocholine, from 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in vivo using mass spectrometry and by comparison to a chemically synthesized standard. Transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) demonstrated that these compounds affected >200 genes in bone marrow-derived macrophages, and genes associated with inflammatory and anti-oxidative responses are among the top 5 differentially expressed. To further investigate the biological relevance of these novel oxidized phospholipids in atherosclerosis, we chemically synthesized a representative compound 1-palmitoyl-2-15-deoxy-δ-12,14-prostaglandin J2-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (15d-PGJ2-PC) and found that it induced anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant responses in macrophages through modulation of NF-κB, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and Nrf2 pathways; this compound also showed potent anti-inflammatory properties in a mice model of LPS-induced systematic inflammatory response syndrome. Additionally, 15d-PGJ2-PC inhibited macrophage foam cell formation, suggesting a beneficial role against atherosclerosis. These properties were consistent with decreased levels of these compounds in the plasma of patients with coronary heart disease compared with control subjects. Our findings uncovered a novel molecular mechanism for the negative regulation of inflammation and positive enhancement of anti-oxidative responses in macrophages by these oxidized phospholipids in LDL in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Lu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinli Xue
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Qun Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yujuan Zhuo
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Huiqin Zhong
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Buxing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | - Takashi Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Lin Xia
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Claus Schneider
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Cancer Biology, and.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and
| | - Lemin Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Huiyong Yin
- From the Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100000, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
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Wang S, Dougherty EJ, Danner RL. PPARγ signaling and emerging opportunities for improved therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:76-85. [PMID: 27268145 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial function and inflammation. Rosiglitazone (RGZ) and other thiazolidinedione (TZD) synthetic ligands of PPARγ are insulin sensitizers that have been used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, undesirable side effects including weight gain, fluid retention, bone loss, congestive heart failure, and a possible increased risk of myocardial infarction and bladder cancer, have limited the use of TZDs. Therefore, there is a need to better understand PPARγ signaling and to develop safer and more effective PPARγ-directed therapeutics. In addition to PPARγ itself, many PPARγ ligands including TZDs bind to and activate G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), also known as free fatty acid receptor 1. GPR40 signaling activates stress kinase pathways that ultimately regulate downstream PPARγ responses. Recent studies in human endothelial cells have demonstrated that RGZ activation of GPR40 is essential to the optimal propagation of PPARγ genomic signaling. RGZ/GPR40/p38 MAPK signaling induces and activates PPARγ co-activator-1α, and recruits E1A binding protein p300 to the promoters of target genes, markedly enhancing PPARγ-dependent transcription. Therefore in endothelium, GPR40 and PPARγ function as an integrated signaling pathway. However, GPR40 can also activate ERK1/2, a proinflammatory kinase that directly phosphorylates and inactivates PPARγ. Thus the role of GPR40 in PPARγ signaling may have important implications for drug development. Ligands that strongly activate PPARγ, but do not bind to or activate GPR40 may be safer than currently approved PPARγ agonists. Alternatively, biased GPR40 agonists might be sought that activate both p38 MAPK and PPARγ, but not ERK1/2, avoiding its harmful effects on PPARγ signaling, insulin resistance and inflammation. Such next generation drugs might be useful in treating not only type 2 diabetes, but also diverse chronic and acute forms of vascular inflammation such as atherosclerosis and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuibang Wang
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Edward J Dougherty
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert L Danner
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Lin HL, Yen HW, Hsieh SL, An LM, Shen KP. Low-dose aspirin ameliorated hyperlipidemia, adhesion molecule, and chemokine production induced by high-fat diet in Sprague-Dawley rats. Drug Dev Res 2013; 75:97-106. [PMID: 24648214 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study the effects of low-dose aspirin (5 mg/kg) on adhesion molecule and chemokine expression in a hyperlipidemic rat model. Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to two control groups receiving either a regular diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and a treatment group fed HFD with 5 mg/kg aspirin for a 10-week period. Compared with the regular diet control group, the HFD control group had higher body weight, lower levels of high-density lipoprotein, higher concentrations of insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, but no differences in blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. The prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were clearly shortened in the HFD group. That group also had increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-2, ICAM-3, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) and P-selectin in platelets and vascular adhesion protein-1 in lymphocyte and in aorta increased expressions of ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3, VCAM, PECAM, E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and CCR2. The HFD rats also had increased PKCα, IκB kinase α (IKKα), p65, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2), and their phosphorylated forms. Low-dose aspirin improved HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia, recovered PT and aPTT, inhibited upregulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines and reduced expression of PKCα, IKKα, p65, and MAPKs. Low-dose aspirin ameliorates HFD-induced hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia, and prevents HFD-induced expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Lin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
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