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Huang YR, Xie XX, Yang J, Sun XY, Niu XY, Yang CG, Li LJ, Zhang L, Wang D, Liu CY, Hou SJ, Jiang CY, Xu YM, Liu RT. ArhGAP11A mediates amyloid-β generation and neuropathology in an Alzheimer's disease-like mouse model. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112624. [PMID: 37302068 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays an important role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but some factors promoting Aβ generation and Aβ oligomer (Aβo) neurotoxicity remain unclear. We here find that the levels of ArhGAP11A, a Ras homology GTPase-activating protein, significantly increase in patients with AD and amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) mice. Reducing the ArhGAP11A level in neurons not only inhibits Aβ generation by decreasing the expression of APP, PS1, and β-secretase (BACE1) through the RhoA/ROCK/Erk signaling pathway but also reduces Aβo neurotoxicity by decreasing the expressions of apoptosis-related p53 target genes. In APP/PS1 mice, specific reduction of the ArhGAP11A level in neurons significantly reduces Aβ production and plaque deposition and ameliorates neuronal damage, neuroinflammation, and cognitive deficits. Moreover, Aβos enhance ArhGAP11A expression in neurons by activating E2F1, which thus forms a deleterious cycle. Our results demonstrate that ArhGAP11A may be involved in AD pathogenesis and that decreasing ArhGAP11A expression may be a promising therapeutic strategy for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi-Xiu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Henan Medical Key Laboratory of Neurogenetic and Neurodegenerative Disease, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Yang
- Department of BigData, Beijing Medintell Bioinformatic Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China; Department of Research and Development, Gu'an Bojian Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Langfang 065000, Hebei, China
| | - Ling-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of BigData, Beijing Medintell Bioinformatic Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen-Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Rui-Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Yang W, Xu QQ, Yuan Q, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Sulforaphene, a CDK5 Inhibitor, attenuates cognitive deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease via reducing Aβ Deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109504. [PMID: 36508924 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions. There are two pathological hallmarks, including accumulation of amyloid plaques composed of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and deposits of neurofibrillatory tangles (NFT). Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a serine/threonine kinase, plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and cognitive behavior. Sulforaphene (SF) has been demonstrated to exert anti-AD activity in AD rat model. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cognitive deficits improving effects of SF on in TgCRND8 mice and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS TgCRND8 mice were intragastrically treated with SF (25 and 50 mg/kg) for 4 months from 3-month-old. The cognitive functions were assessed using Morris Water Maze Test. Cultured primary mouse neurons were pre-treated with SF, followed by co-treatment with Aβ1-42 oligomers. CDK5 inhibitor (roscovitine) was used to determine the involvement of CDK5/p25 pathway in the anti-AD effects of SF in primary neurons. RESULTS Our results showed that SF treatment significantly ameliorated the cognitive deficits in TgCRND8 mice and protected primary mouse neurons against Aβ1-42 induced neurotoxicity. SF could modulate the expression of Aβ production related markers, and suppress the phosphorylation of tau protein at specific sites in the TgCRND8 mice. In addition, SF enhanced the expressions of synaptic plasticity related markers and CDK5. SF also markedly suppressed the CDK5/p25 activity. CONCLUSIONS SF is a potent CDK5 inhibitor and a potential therapeutic agent for treatment and prevention of AD. Moreover, SF inhibited the overexpression of CDK5 in primary neurons of mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Qiuju Yuan
- Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
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3
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Abdelhamid M, Zhou C, Jung CG, Michikawa M. Probiotic Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 Mitigates Alzheimer's Disease-Related Pathologies in Wild-Type Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122543. [PMID: 35745273 PMCID: PMC9231139 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics improve brain function, including memory and cognition, via the microbiome–gut–brain axis. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium breve MCC1274 (B. breve MCC1274) improves cognitive function in AppNL-G-F mice and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects, and mitigates Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathologies. However, its effects on wild-type (WT) mice have not yet been explored. Thus, the effects of B. breve MCC1274 on AD-like pathologies in two-month-old WT mice were investigated, which were orally administered B. breve MCC1274 for four months. Aβ levels, amyloid precursor protein (APP), APP processing enzymes, phosphorylated tau, synaptic protein levels, glial activity, and cell proliferation in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using Student’s t-test, and normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Oral administration of B. breve MCC1274 in WT mice decreased soluble hippocampal Aβ42 levels by reducing presenilin1 protein levels, and reduced phosphorylated tau levels. It also activated the protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway, which may be responsible for the reduction in presenilin1 levels and inhibition of tau phosphorylation. B. breve MCC1274 supplementation attenuated microglial activation and elevated synaptic protein levels in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that B. breve MCC1274 may mitigate AD-like pathologies in WT mice by decreasing Aβ42 levels, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, attenuating neuroinflammation, and improving synaptic protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cha-Gyun Jung
- Correspondence: (C.-G.J.); (M.M.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8141 (C.-G.J. & M.M.); Fax: +81-52-841-3480 (C.-G.J. & M.M.)
| | - Makoto Michikawa
- Correspondence: (C.-G.J.); (M.M.); Tel.: +81-52-853-8141 (C.-G.J. & M.M.); Fax: +81-52-841-3480 (C.-G.J. & M.M.)
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Notch signaling in malignant gliomas: supporting tumor growth and the vascular environment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:737-747. [PMID: 35624227 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant form of glioma, which is the most commonly occurring tumor of the central nervous system. Notch signaling in glioblastoma is considered to be a marker of an undifferentiated tumor cell state, associated with tumor stem cells. Notch is also known for facilitating tumor dormancy escape, recurrence and progression after treatment. Studies in vitro suggest that reducing, removing or blocking the expression of this gene triggers tumor cell differentiation, which shifts the phenotype away from stemness status and consequently facilitates treatment. In contrast, in the vasculature, Notch appears to also function as an important receptor that defines mature non-leaking vessels, and increasing its expression promotes tumor normalization in models of cancer in vivo. Failures in clinical trials with Notch inhibitors are potentially related to their opposing effects on the tumor versus the tumor vasculature, which points to the need for a greater understanding of this signaling pathway.
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Puris E, Kouřil Š, Najdekr L, Auriola S, Loppi S, Korhonen P, Gómez-Budia M, Fricker G, Kanninen KM, Malm T, Friedecký D, Gynther M. Metabolomic, lipidomic and proteomic characterisation of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation mouse model. Neuroscience 2022; 496:165-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yadav J, Verma AK, Ahmad MK, Garg RK, Shiuli, Mahdi AA, Srivastava S. Metals toxicity and its correlation with the gene expression in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3245-3252. [PMID: 33970397 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population and a leading cause of dementia. Genetics and environmental risk factors were considered to play a major role in the onset of the disease. This study aimed to examine the correlation between different metals levels and the gene expression in Alzheimer's patients with age-matched control subjects. Non- essential metals were measured in the whole blood due to its higher concentration in red blood corpuscles (RBCs) and essential biometals in the serum samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) that allows the analysis and detection of the different elements at low levels. Gene expression level was performed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In this study, the levels of Lead and Arsenic metals were not detected in the AD patient samples. Cadmium, Mercury, and Aluminum were found higher in cases as compared to controls with 0.009240 ± 0.0007707 (P = < 0.0001), 0.02332 ± 0.001041 (P = < 0.0001), and 0.09222 ± 0.02804 (P = 0.0087) respectively. Essential biometal like copper was higher 0.1274 ± 0.02453 (P = 0.0254) in cases, while iron 0.1117 ± 0.009599 (P = 0.0304) and zinc 0.03800 ± 0.003462 mg/L were found significantly lower as compared to controls. All targeted genes such as APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and APOE4 were found up-regulated in AD patients. We concluded that there was no significant correlation between metals dyshomeostasis and gene expressions in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Yadav
- Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Department, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
| | - Anoop Kumar Verma
- Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Department, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India.
| | | | | | - Shiuli
- Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Department, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
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Yin Z, Wang X, Zheng S, Cao P, Chen Y, Yu M, Liao C, Zhang Z, Han J, Duan Y, Yang X, Zhang S. LongShengZhi Capsule Attenuates Alzheimer-Like Pathology in APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice by Reducing Neuronal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:582455. [PMID: 33328962 PMCID: PMC7719723 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.582455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. It may be caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and cerebrovascular dysfunctions in the brain. LongShengZhi Capsule (LSZ), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for treatment of patients with cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease. LSZ contains several neuroprotective ingredients, including Hirudo, Astmgali Radix, Carthami Flos (Honghua), Persicae Semen (Taoren), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Shichangpu), and Acanthopanax Senticosus (Ciwujia). In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of LSZ on the AD process. Double transgenic mice expressing the amyloid-β precursor protein and mutant human presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) to model AD were treated with LSZ for 7 months starting at 2 months of age. LSZ significantly improved the cognition of the mice without adverse effects, indicating its high degree of safety and efficacy after a long-term treatment. LSZ reduced AD biomarker Aβ plaque accumulation by inhibiting β-secretase and γ-secretase gene expression. LSZ also reduced p-Tau expression, cell death, and inflammation in the brain. Consistently, in vitro, LSZ ethanol extract enhanced neuronal viability by reducing L-glutamic acid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HT-22 cells. LSZ exerted antioxidative effects by enhancing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase expression, reduced Aβ accumulation by inhibiting β-secretase and γ-secretase mRNA expression, and decreased p-Tau level by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation. It also demonstrated neuroprotective effects by regulating the Fas cell surface death receptor/B-cell lymphoma 2/p53 pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates the antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of LSZ in the AD-like pathological process and suggests it could be a potential medicine for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequn Yin
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peichang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Maoyun Yu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | | | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Jung ME, Metzger DB, Hall J. The long-term but not short-term use of benzodiazepine impairs motoric function and upregulates amyloid β in part through the suppression of translocator protein. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 191:172873. [PMID: 32105662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Many elderly American women use CNS depressant benzodiazepine (BZD) to ameliorate anxiety or insomnia. However, the chronic use of BZD (cBZD) is prevalent, causing adverse effects of BZD that include movement deficit. We previously reported that cBZD upregulates neurotoxic amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and downregulates neuroprotective translocator protein (TSPO) in the cerebellum, the brain area of movement and balance. The aim of the current study is two-fold: 1) to determine a direct effect of TSPO (inhibition) on cBZD-induced Aβ42 and Aβ-associated molecules; Aβ-producing-protein presenilin-1 (PS1) and Aβ-degrading-enzyme neprilysin and 2) to determine whether Aβ42 upregulation and motoric deficit occur upon a long-term (cBZD) rather than a short-term BZD (sBZD) treatment. Old female mice received BZD (lorazepam) for 20 days (cBZD) or 3 days (sBZD) with or without prototype TSPO ligand PK11195 and were tested for motoric performance for 3 days using Rotarod. ELISA was conducted to measure Aβ42 level and neprilysin activity in cerebellum. RT-PCR and immunoblot were conducted to measure the mRNA and protein levels of TSPO, PS1, and neprilysin. cBZD treatment decreased TSPO and neprilysin but increased Aβ42 accompanied by motoric deficit. Chronic PK11195 treatment acted as a TSPO inhibitor by suppressing TSPO expression and mimicked or exacerbated the effects of cBZD on all parameters measured except for PS1. None of the molecular and behavioral changes induced by cBZD were reproduced by sBZD treatment. These data suggest that cBZD upregulates Aβ42 and downregulates neprilysin in part through TSPO inhibition, the mechanisms distinct from sBZD, collectively contributing to motoric deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna E Jung
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience, UNT Health Science Center, Institute for Healthy Aging, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States of America.
| | - Daniel B Metzger
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience, UNT Health Science Center, Institute for Healthy Aging, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States of America
| | - James Hall
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience, UNT Health Science Center, Institute for Healthy Aging, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, United States of America
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Ghatak S, Dolatabadi N, Trudler D, Zhang X, Wu Y, Mohata M, Ambasudhan R, Talantova M, Lipton SA. Mechanisms of hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's disease hiPSC-derived neurons and cerebral organoids vs isogenic controls. eLife 2019; 8:50333. [PMID: 31782729 PMCID: PMC6905854 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains and transgenic AD mouse models manifest hyperexcitability. This aberrant electrical activity is caused by synaptic dysfunction that represents the major pathophysiological correlate of cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanism for this excessive excitability remains incompletely understood. To investigate the basis for the hyperactivity, we performed electrophysiological and immunofluorescence studies on hiPSC-derived cerebrocortical neuronal cultures and cerebral organoids bearing AD-related mutations in presenilin-1 or amyloid precursor protein vs. isogenic gene corrected controls. In the AD hiPSC-derived neurons/organoids, we found increased excitatory bursting activity, which could be explained in part by a decrease in neurite length. AD hiPSC-derived neurons also displayed increased sodium current density and increased excitatory and decreased inhibitory synaptic activity. Our findings establish hiPSC-derived AD neuronal cultures and organoids as a relevant model of early AD pathophysiology and provide mechanistic insight into the observed hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Ghatak
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Nima Dolatabadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Dorit Trudler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - XiaoTong Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Madhav Mohata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Rajesh Ambasudhan
- Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, San Diego, United States
| | - Maria Talantova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Scintillon Institute, San Diego, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Neuroscience Translational Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
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10
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Huang J, Huang N, Zhang M, Nie J, Xu Y, Wu Q, Shi J. Dendrobium alkaloids decrease Aβ by regulating α- and β-secretases in hippocampal neurons of SD rats. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7627. [PMID: 31534855 PMCID: PMC6733236 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia in the elderly. The imbalance between production and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) is a very early, often initiating factor in AD. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) extracted from a Chinese medicinal herb, which have been shown to have anti-aging effects, protected against neuronal impairment in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, we confirmed that DNLA can improve learning and memory function in elderly normal mice, indicating that DNLA has potential health benefits. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we further explored the effect of DNLA on neurons, which is closely related to learning and memory, based on Aβ. Methods We exposed cultured hippocampal neurons to DNLA to investigate the effect of DNLA on Aβ in vitro. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assays. Proteins were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results The cell viability of hippocampal neurons was not changed significantly after treatment with DNLA. But DNLA reduced the protein expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10), β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and Aβ1-42 of hippocampal neurons in rats and increased the protein expression of ADAM17. Conclusions DNLA decreases Aβ by regulating α- and β-secretase in hippocampal neurons of SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, China
| | | | - Jing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yunyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Jung ME, Mallet RT. Intermittent hypoxia training: Powerful, non-invasive cerebroprotection against ethanol withdrawal excitotoxicity. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 256:67-78. [PMID: 28811138 PMCID: PMC5825251 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol intoxication and withdrawal exact a devastating toll on the central nervous system. Abrupt ethanol withdrawal provokes massive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, which over-activates its postsynaptic receptors, causing intense Ca2+ loading, p38 mitogen activated protein kinase activation and oxidative stress, culminating in ATP depletion, mitochondrial injury, amyloid β deposition and neuronal death. Collectively, these mechanisms produce neurocognitive and sensorimotor dysfunction that discourages continued abstinence. Although the brain is heavily dependent on blood-borne O2 to sustain its aerobic ATP production, brief, cyclic episodes of moderate hypoxia and reoxygenation, when judiciously applied over the course of days or weeks, evoke adaptations that protect the brain from ethanol withdrawal-induced glutamate excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and amyloid β accumulation. This review summarizes evidence from ongoing preclinical research that demonstrates intermittent hypoxia training to be a potentially powerful yet non-invasive intervention capable of affording robust, sustained neuroprotection during ethanol withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna E Jung
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA.
| | - Robert T Mallet
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA.
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Fu W, Dai Y, Ma T, Wei J, Chen H, Xu S. Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablet reverses memory deficit and reduces plaque load in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4005-4013. [PMID: 29563991 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neurodegeneration is hypothesized to be the primary pathological mechanism of AD. Tongluo Xingnao effervescent tablets (TXET), based on the traditional Chinese formula Qionggui Tang, have been used to treat AD and other types of dementia in China for decades. In the present study, the effects of TXET on cognition deficit, amyloid-β production, amyloid precursor protein procession and β-secretase expression were investigated in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of AD. As expected, APPswe/PS1dE9 mice exhibited cognitive decline and higher levels of Aβ and plaques in the brain compared with normal mice; however, these changes were attenuated following TXET treatment. Levels of C-terminal fragment (CTF)-β protein were decreased following treatment with TXET; however, CTF-α levels were unaffected. Furthermore, TXET treatment did not decrease γ-secretase activity or levels of presenilin-1 (PS1), neprilysin or insulin-degrading enzyme. These results indicate that TXET may regulate Aβ metabolism by downregulating the expression of β-secretase. The results of the present study have laid the foundation for the development of a Chinese medicinal compound with a β-secretase inhibitor as the target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Fu
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Dai
- School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ma
- Experimental Center of Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Jiangping Wei
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Xu
- Institute of Meterial Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, P.R. China
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13
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Jung ME, Metzger DB, Das HK. The Role of Presenilin-1 in the Excitotoxicity of Ethanol Withdrawal. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:516-26. [PMID: 27278235 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PS1) is a core component of γ-secretase that is involved in neurodegeneration. We have previously shown that PS1 interacts with a mitogen-activated protein kinase [(MAPK) jun-NH2-terminal-kinase], and another MAPK (p38) is activated by ethanol withdrawal (EW), abrupt termination from chronic ethanol exposure. EW is excitotoxic in nature, induces glutamate upregulation, and provokes neuronal damage. Here, we explored a potential mechanistic pathway involving glutamate, p38 (p38α isozyme), and PS1 that may mediate EW-induced excitotoxic stress. We used the prefrontal cortex of male rats withdrawn from a chronic ethanol diet. Additionally, we used ethanol-withdrawn HT22 cells (mouse hippocampal) treated with the inhibitor of glutamate receptors [dizocilpine (MK-801)], p38α (SB203580; 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine), or γ-secretase [N-[N- (3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT)] during EW. Separately, ethanol-free HT22 cells were exposed to glutamate with or without SB203580 or DAPT. Protein levels, mRNA levels, and cell viability were assessed using immunoblotting, qualitative polymerase chain reaction, and calcein assay, respectively. The prefrontal cortex of ethanol-withdrawn rats or HT22 cells showed an increase in PS1 and p38α, which was attenuated by MK-801 and SB203580, but mimicked by glutamate treatment to ethanol-free HT22 cells. DAPT attenuated the toxic effect of EW or glutamate on HT22 cells. These results suggest that PS1 expression is triggered by glutamate through p38α, contributing to the excitotoxic stimulus of EW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna E Jung
- Institute for Health Aging, Center for Neuroscience Discovery (M.E.J., D.B.M., H.K.D.), and Institute of Cancer Research (H.K.D.), University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Daniel B Metzger
- Institute for Health Aging, Center for Neuroscience Discovery (M.E.J., D.B.M., H.K.D.), and Institute of Cancer Research (H.K.D.), University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Hriday K Das
- Institute for Health Aging, Center for Neuroscience Discovery (M.E.J., D.B.M., H.K.D.), and Institute of Cancer Research (H.K.D.), University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
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14
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Carroll CM, Li YM. Physiological and pathological roles of the γ-secretase complex. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:199-206. [PMID: 27133790 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-secretase (GS) is an enzyme complex that cleaves numerous substrates, and it is best known for cleaving amyloid precursor protein (APP) to form amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides. Aberrant cleavage of APP can lead to Alzheimer's disease, so much research has been done to better understand GS structure and function in hopes of developing therapeutics for Alzheimer's. Therefore, most of the attention in this field has been focused on developing modulators that reduce pathogenic forms of Aβ while leaving Notch and other GS substrates intact, but GS provides multiple avenues of modulation that could improve AD pathology. GS has complex regulation, through its essential subunits and other associated proteins, providing other targets for AD drugs. Therapeutics can also alter GS trafficking and thereby improve cognition, or move beyond Aβ entirely, effecting Notch and neural stem cells. GS also cleaves substrates that affect synaptic morphology and function, presenting another window by which GS modulation could improve AD pathology. Taken together, GS presents a unique cross road for neural processes and an ideal target for AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Carroll
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, United States; Program of Neuroscience, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, NY, United States.
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, United States; Program of Neuroscience, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, NY, United States; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, NY, United States
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15
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Autophagy in axonal degeneration in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 47:1-18. [PMID: 25816798 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of autophagy in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is still controversial. Several studies focused on RGC body death, although the axonal degeneration pathway in the optic nerve has not been well documented in spite of evidence that the mechanisms of degeneration of neuronal cell bodies and their axons differ. Axonal degeneration of RGCs is a hallmark of glaucoma, and a pattern of localized retinal nerve fiber layer defects in glaucoma patients indicates that axonal degeneration may precede RGC body death in this condition. As models of preceding axonal degeneration, both the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) injection model and hypertensive glaucoma model may be useful in understanding the mechanism of axonal degeneration of RGCs, and the concept of axonal protection can be an attractive approach to the prevention of neurodegenerative optic nerve disease. Since mitochondria play crucial roles in glaucomatous optic neuropathy and can themselves serve as a part of the autophagosome, it seems that mitochondrial function may alter autophagy machinery. Like other neurodegenerative diseases, optic nerve degeneration may exhibit autophagic flux impairment resulting from elevated intraocular pressure, TNF, traumatic injury, ischemia, oxidative stress, and aging. As a model of aging, we used senescence-accelerated mice to provide new insights. In this review, we attempt to describe the relationship between autophagy and recently reported noteworthy factors including Nmnat, ROCK, and SIRT1 in the degeneration of RGCs and their axons and propose possible mechanisms of axonal protection via modulation of autophagy machinery.
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Gertsik N, Chiu D, Li YM. Complex regulation of γ-secretase: from obligatory to modulatory subunits. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 6:342. [PMID: 25610395 PMCID: PMC4285130 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase is a four subunit, 19-pass transmembrane enzyme that cleaves amyloid precursor protein (APP), catalyzing the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides that form amyloid plaques, which contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. γ-Secretase also cleaves Notch, among many other type I transmembrane substrates. Despite its seemingly promiscuous enzymatic capacity, γ-secretase activity is tightly regulated. This regulation is a function of many cellular entities, including but not limited to the essential γ-secretase subunits, nonessential (modulatory) subunits, and γ-secretase substrates. Regulation is also accomplished by an array of cellular events, such as presenilin (active subunit of γ-secretase) endoproteolysis and hypoxia. In this review we discuss how γ-secretase is regulated with the hope that an advanced understanding of these mechanisms will aid in the development of effective therapeutics for γ-secretase-associated diseases like AD and Notch-addicted cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Gertsik
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA ; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University New York, NY, USA
| | - Danica Chiu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA ; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University New York, NY, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY, USA ; Program of Pharmacology, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment in clinical presentation, and by β-amyloid (Aβ) production and the hyper-phosphorylation of tau in basic research. More highlights demonstrate that the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) enhances Aβ generation and deposition by modulating amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and upregulating β- and γ-secretases. mTOR, an inhibitor of autophagy, decreases Aβ clearance by scissoring autophagy function. mTOR regulates Aβ generation or Aβ clearance by regulating several key signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase 3 [GSK-3], AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The activation of mTOR is also a contributor to aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau. Rapamycin, the inhibitor of mTOR, may mitigate cognitive impairment and inhibit the pathologies associated with amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles by promoting autophagy. Furthermore, the upstream and downstream components of mTOR signaling are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of AD. Hence, inhibiting the activation of mTOR may be an important therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo He
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan Renmin Hospital, Shiyan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Honarnejad K, Jung CKE, Lammich S, Arzberger T, Kretzschmar H, Herms J. Involvement of presenilin holoprotein upregulation in calcium dyshomeostasis of Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:293-302. [PMID: 23379308 PMCID: PMC3822592 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in presenilins (PS1 and PS2) account for the vast majority of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease cases. Beside the well investigated role of presenilins as the catalytic unit in γ-secretase complex, their involvement in regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis has recently come into more focus of Alzheimer's disease research. Here we report that the overexpression of PS1 full-length holoprotein forms, in particular familial Alzheimer's disease-causing forms of PS1, result in significantly attenuated calcium release from thapsigargin- and bradykinin-sensitive stores. Interestingly, treatment of HEK293 cells with γ-secretase inhibitors also leads to decreased amount of calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) accompanying elevated PS1 holoprotein levels. Similarly, the knockdown of PEN-2 which is associated with deficient PS1 endoproteolysis and accumulation of its holoprotein form also leads to decreased ER calcium release. Notably, we detected enhanced PS1 holoprotein levels also in postmortem brains of patients carrying familial Alzheimer's disease PS1 mutations. Taken together, the conditions in which the amount of full length PS1 holoprotein is increased result in reduction of calcium release from ER. Based on these results, we propose that the disturbed ER calcium homeostasis mediated by the elevation of PS1 holoprotein levels may be a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Honarnejad
- Department of Translational Brain Research, DZNE - German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
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