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Ye C, Liu B, Lu H, Liu J, Rabson AB, Jacinto E, Pestov DG, Shen Z. BCCIP is required for nucleolar recruitment of eIF6 and 12S pre-rRNA production during 60S ribosome biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 48:12817-12832. [PMID: 33245766 PMCID: PMC7736804 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a fundamental process required for cell proliferation. Although evolutionally conserved, the mammalian ribosome assembly system is more complex than in yeasts. BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 and p21 interacting protein. A partial loss of BCCIP function was sufficient to trigger genomic instability and tumorigenesis. However, a complete deletion of BCCIP arrested cell growth and was lethal in mice. Here, we report that a fraction of mammalian BCCIP localizes in the nucleolus and regulates 60S ribosome biogenesis. Both abrogation of BCCIP nucleolar localization and impaired BCCIP-eIF6 interaction can compromise eIF6 recruitment to the nucleolus and 60S ribosome biogenesis. BCCIP is vital for a pre-rRNA processing step that produces 12S pre-rRNA, a precursor to the 5.8S rRNA. However, a heterozygous Bccip loss was insufficient to impair 60S biogenesis in mouse embryo fibroblasts, but a profound reduction of BCCIP was required to abrogate its function in 60S biogenesis. These results suggest that BCCIP is a critical factor for mammalian pre-rRNA processing and 60S generation and offer an explanation as to why a subtle dysfunction of BCCIP can be tumorigenic but a complete depletion of BCCIP is lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyong Ye
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Bochao Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Huimei Lu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jingmei Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Arnold B Rabson
- Department of Pharmacology, and The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Dimitri G Pestov
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Lu H, Ye C, Liu J, Rabson AB, Verzi M, De S, Shen Z. Requirement of Bccip for the Regeneration of Intestinal Progenitors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 191:66-78. [PMID: 33039352 PMCID: PMC7857062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 and CDKN1A/p21 interaction protein. Although a partial loss of BCCIP function is sufficient to trigger genomic instability and tumorigenesis, complete deletion of BCCIP is lethal to cells. Using Rosa26-CreERT2 mouse models, we found that induced Bccip deletion in adult mice caused an acute intestinal epithelial denudation that cannot be relieved by co-deletion of Trp53. The critical role of Bccip in intestine epithelial renewal was verified with a Villin-CreERT2 mouse model. The epithelium degeneration was associated with a rapid loss of the proliferative capability of the crypt progenitor cells in vivo, lack of crypt base columnar stem cell markers, and a failure of in vitro crypt organoid growth. RNA-Seq analysis of freshly isolated intestinal crypt cells showed that Bccip deletion caused an overwhelming down-regulation of genes involved in mitotic cell division but an up-regulation of genes involved in apoptosis and stress response to microbiomes. Our data not only indicate that intestinal epithelium is the most sensitive tissue to whole-body deletion of Bccip but also point to Bccip as a novel and critical factor for the proliferation of the intestinal progenitors. These findings have significant implications for understanding why a hypomorphic loss of BCCIP functions is more relevant to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Lu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Caiyong Ye
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jingmei Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Arnold B Rabson
- Department of Pharmacology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey; The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Michael Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Subhajyoti De
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
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Dor L, Shirak A, Curzon AY, Rosenfeld H, Ashkenazi IM, Nixon O, Seroussi E, Weller JI, Ron M. Preferential Mapping of Sex-Biased Differentially-Expressed Genes of Larvae to the Sex-Determining Region of Flathead Grey Mullet ( Mugil cephalus). Front Genet 2020; 11:839. [PMID: 32973865 PMCID: PMC7472742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flathead gray mullet (Mugil cephalus) is a cosmopolitan mugilid species popular in fishery and aquaculture with an economic preference for all-female population. However, it displays neither sexual dimorphisms nor heteromorphic sex chromosomes. We have previously presented a microsatellite-based linkage map for this species locating a single sex determination region (SDR) on linkage group 9 (LG9) with evidence for XX/XY sex determination (SD) mechanism. In this work, we refine the critical SDR on LG9, and propose positional- and functional- candidate genes for SD. To elucidate the genetic mechanism of SD, we assembled and compared male and female genomic sequences of 19 syntenic genes within the putative SDR on mullet's LG9, based on orthology to tilapia's LG8 (tLG8) physical map. A total of 25 sequence-based markers in 12 genes were developed. For all markers, we observed association with sex in at least one of the two analyzed M. cephalus full-sib families, but not in the wild-type population. Recombination events were inferred within families thus setting the SDR boundaries to a region orthologous to ∼0.9 Mbp with 27 genes on tLG8. As the sexual phenotype is evident only in adults, larvae were assigned into two putative sex-groups according to their paternal haplotypes, following a model of XY/XX SD-system. A total of 107 sex-biased differentially expressed genes in larvae were observed, of which 51 were mapped to tLG8 (48% enrichment), as compared to 5% in random control. Furthermore, 23 of the 107 genes displayed sex-specific expression; and 22 of these genes were positioned to tLG8, indicating 96% enrichment. Of the 27 SDR genes, BCCIP, DHX32A, DOCK1, and FSHR (GTH-RI) are suggested as positional and functional gene candidates for SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Dor
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Andrey Shirak
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arie Y. Curzon
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hana Rosenfeld
- National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Eilat, Israel
| | - Iris M. Ashkenazi
- National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Eilat, Israel
| | - Oriya Nixon
- National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Eilat, Israel
| | - Eyal Seroussi
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Joel I. Weller
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Micha Ron
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Lu H, Ye C, Feng X, Liu J, Bhaumik M, Xia B, Liu C, Shen Z. Spontaneous Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and B-Cell Lymphoma in Mosaic and Heterozygous Brca2 and Cdkn1a Interacting Protein Knockout Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1175-1187. [PMID: 32201259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver tumors. Although HCC is associated with chronic viral infections, alcoholic cirrhosis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, genetic factors that contribute to the HCC risk remain unknown. The BRCA2 DNA repair associated (BRCA2) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) interacting protein, known as BCCIP, are essential for cell viability and maintenance of genomic stability. In this study, we established a new genetically engineered mouse model with Bccip deficiency. Mosaic or heterozygous Bccip deletion conferred an increased risk of spontaneous liver tumorigenesis and B-cell lymphoma development at old age. These abnormalities are accompanied with chronic inflammation, histologic features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, keratin and ubiquitin aggregates within cytoplasmic Mallory-Denk bodies, and changes of the intracellular distribution of high-mobility group box 1 protein. Our study suggests BCCIP dysregulation as a risk factor for HCC and offers a novel mouse model for future investigations of nonviral or nonalcoholic causes of HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Lu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Caiyong Ye
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Xing Feng
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Jingmei Liu
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Mantu Bhaumik
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Bing Xia
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey; Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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Saez I, Koyuncu S, Gutierrez-Garcia R, Dieterich C, Vilchez D. Insights into the ubiquitin-proteasome system of human embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4092. [PMID: 29511261 PMCID: PMC5840266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) exhibit high levels of proteasome activity, an intrinsic characteristic required for their self-renewal, pluripotency and differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which enhanced proteasome activity maintains hESC identity are only partially understood. Besides its essential role for the ability of hESCs to suppress misfolded protein aggregation, we hypothesize that enhanced proteasome activity could also be important to degrade endogenous regulatory factors. Since E3 ubiquitin ligases are responsible for substrate selection, we first define which E3 enzymes are increased in hESCs compared with their differentiated counterparts. Among them, we find HECT-domain E3 ligases such as HERC2 and UBE3A as well as several RING-domain E3s, including UBR7 and RNF181. Systematic characterization of their interactome suggests a link with hESC identity. Moreover, loss of distinct up-regulated E3s triggers significant changes at the transcriptome and proteome level of hESCs. However, these alterations do not dysregulate pluripotency markers and differentiation ability. On the contrary, global proteasome inhibition impairs diverse processes required for hESC identity, including protein synthesis, rRNA maturation, telomere maintenance and glycolytic metabolism. Thus, our data indicate that high proteasome activity is coupled with other determinant biological processes of hESC identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Saez
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Seda Koyuncu
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ricardo Gutierrez-Garcia
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Klaus Tschira Institute for Computational Cardiology, Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Neuenheimer Feld 669, University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Abstract
Background Dysregulated DNA repair and cell proliferation controls are essential driving forces in mammary tumorigenesis. BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 and CDKN1A interacting protein that has been implicated in maintenance of genomic stability, cell cycle regulation, and microtubule dynamics. The aims of this study were to determine whether BCCIP deficiency contributes to mammary tumorigenesis, especially for a subset of breast cancers with 53BP1 abnormality, and to reveal the mechanistic implications of BCCIP in breast cancer interventions. Methods We analyzed the BCCIP protein level in 470 cases of human breast cancer to determine the associations between BCCIP and 53BP1, p53, and subtypes of breast cancer. We further constructed a unique BCCIP knockdown mouse model to determine whether a partial BCCIP deficiency leads to spontaneous breast cancer formation. Results We found that the BCCIP protein level is downregulated in 49% of triple-negative breast cancer and 25% of nontriple-negative breast cancer. The downregulation of BCCIP is mutually exclusive with p53 mutations but concurrent with 53BP1 loss in triple-negative breast cancer. In a K14-Cre-mediated conditional BCCIP knockdown mouse model, we found that BCCIP downregulation causes a formation of benign modules in the mammary glands, resembling the epidermal inclusion cyst of the breast. However, the majority of these benign lesions remain indolent, and only ~ 10% of them evolve into malignant tumors after a long latency. This tumor progression is associated with a loss of 53BP1 and p16 expression. BCCIP knockdown did not alter the latency of mammary tumor formation induced by conditional Trp53 deletion. Conclusions Our data suggest a confounding role of BCCIP deficiency in modulating breast cancer development by enhancing tumor initiation but hindering progression. Furthermore, secondary genetic alternations may overcome the progression suppression imposed by BCCIP deficiency through a synthetic viability mechanism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0907-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Controlling the Messenger: Regulated Translation of Maternal mRNAs in Xenopus laevis Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 953:49-82. [PMID: 27975270 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The selective translation of maternal mRNAs encoding cell-fate determinants drives the earliest decisions of embryogenesis that establish the vertebrate body plan. This chapter will discuss studies in Xenopus laevis that provide insights into mechanisms underlying this translational control. Xenopus has been a powerful model organism for many discoveries relevant to the translational control of maternal mRNAs because of the large size of its oocytes and eggs that allow for microinjection of molecules and the relative ease of manipulating the oocyte to egg transition (maturation) and fertilization in culture. Consequently, many key studies have focused on the expression of maternal mRNAs during the oocyte to egg transition (the meiotic cell cycle) and the rapid cell divisions immediately following fertilization. This research has made seminal contributions to our understanding of translational regulatory mechanisms, but while some of the mRNAs under consideration at these stages encode cell-fate determinants, many encode cell cycle regulatory proteins that drive these early cell cycles. In contrast, while maternal mRNAs encoding key developmental (i.e., cell-fate) regulators that function after the first cleavage stages may exploit aspects of these foundational mechanisms, studies reveal that these mRNAs must also rely on distinct and, as of yet, incompletely understood mechanisms. These findings are logical because the functions of such developmental regulatory proteins have requirements distinct from cell cycle regulators, including becoming relevant only after fertilization and then only in specific cells of the embryo. Indeed, key maternal cell-fate determinants must be made available in exquisitely precise amounts (usually low), only at specific times and in specific cells during embryogenesis. To provide an appreciation for the regulation of maternal cell-fate determinant expression, an overview of the maternal phase of Xenopus embryogenesis will be presented. This section will be followed by a review of translational mechanisms operating in oocytes, eggs, and early cleavage-stage embryos and conclude with a discussion of how the regulation of key maternal cell-fate determinants at the level of translation functions in Xenopus embryogenesis. A key theme is that the molecular asymmetries critical for forming the body axes are established and further elaborated upon by the selective temporal and spatial regulation of maternal mRNA translation.
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Regulation of spindle integrity and mitotic fidelity by BCCIP. Oncogene 2017; 36:4750-4766. [PMID: 28394342 PMCID: PMC5561484 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes together with the mitotic spindle ensure the faithful distribution of chromosomes between daughter cells, and spindle orientation is a major determinant of cell fate during tissue regeneration. Spindle defects are not only an impetus of chromosome instability but are also a cause of developmental disorders involving defective asymmetric cell division. In this work, we demonstrate BCCIP, especially BCCIPα, as a previously unidentified component of the mitotic spindle pole and the centrosome. We demonstrate that BCCIP localizes proximal to the mother centriole and participates in microtubule organization and then redistributes to the spindle pole to ensure faithful spindle architecture. We find that BCCIP depletion leads to morphological defects, disoriented mitotic spindles, chromosome congression defects and delayed mitotic progression. Our study identifies BCCIP as a novel factor critical for microtubule regulation and explicates a mechanism utilized by BCCIP in tumor suppression.
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Xu XT, Hu WT, Zhou JY, Tu Y. Celecoxib enhances the radiosensitivity of HCT116 cells in a COX-2 independent manner by up-regulating BCCIP. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:1088-1100. [PMID: 28386336 PMCID: PMC5376001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), regulates the radiosensitivity of several cancer cells. BCCIP (BRCA2 and CDKN1A interacting protein) plays a critical role in maintaining the critical functions of p53 in tumor suppression and response to therapy. However, whether the effect of celecoxib on the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is dependent on BCCIP is largely unclear. In this study, we found that celecoxib enhanced the radiosensitivity of HeLa (a human cervical carcinoma cell line), A549 (a human lung carcinoma cell line), and HCT116 cells (a human CRC cells line). Among these cells, COX-2 expression was undetected in HCT116 cells. Treatment with celecoxib significantly increased BCCIP expression in COX-2 negative HCT116 cells. Knockdown of BCCIP obviously abrogated the enhanced radiosensitivity of HCT116 cells induced by celecoxib. A combination of celecoxib and irradiation treatment induced much more γ-H2AX foci formation, higher levels of radiation injury-related proteins phosphorylation, G2/M arrest, apoptosis, and p53 and p21 expression, and lower levels of Cyclin B1 in HCT116 cells than those in cells treated with irradiation alone. However, these changes were undetected in BCCIP-silenced HCT116 cells. Therefore, these data suggest that BCCIP gene may be a radiosensitivity-related gene in CRC. Celecoxib affects the functions of p53 and inhibits the recovery from the irradiation-induced injury by up-regulating the expression of BCCIP, and subsequently regulates the expressions of genes such as p21 and Cyclin B1 to enhance the radiosensitivity of HCT116 cells in a COX-2 independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Tao Hu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ju-Ying Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Tu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, People’s Republic of China
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Chen L, Ni S, Li M, Shen C, Lin Z, Ouyang Y, Xia F, Liang L, Jiang W, Ni R, Zhang J. High Expression of BCCIP β Can Promote Proliferation of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:387-395. [PMID: 27995408 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCCIP was originally identified as a BRCA2 interacting protein in humans and Ustilago maydis. It had low expression in some human cancer tissues. However, recent research indicated that many caretaker genes are also necessary for cell viability and their expression could contribute to tumor progression. AIM To characterize whether BCCIP is a caretaker gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of BCCIP β. In vitro studies were used to verify the effects of BCCIP β in Eca109 cells. RESULTS Expression of BCCIP β was notably higher in tumor tissues of ESCC and Eca 109 cells. Meanwhile, the immunohistochemistry stain revealed that BCCIP β was positively correlated with clinical pathologic variables such as tumor size and tumor grade, as well as Ki-67, and prompted poor prognosis. In vitro studies such as starvation and refeeding assay along with BCCIP β-shRNA transfection assay demonstrated that BCCIP β expression promoted proliferation of ESCC cells. In addition, BCCIP β downregulation by silencing RNA significantly decreased the rate of colony formation, alleviated cellular apoptosis and increased the chemosensitivity of cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS This research first put forward that BCCIP β is an oncogene in human ESCC and contributes to the poor outcome of the deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sujie Ni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoyan Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Ouyang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenyan Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Liu Y, Liu WB, Liu KJ, Ao L, Cao J, Zhong JL, Liu JY. Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Affect the miRNA-Mediated Regulation of Signaling Pathways in the GC-2 Cell Line. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139949. [PMID: 26439850 PMCID: PMC4595420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) can affect male reproductive function, but the underlying mechanism of this effect remains unknown. miRNA-mediated regulation has been implicated as an important epigenetic mechanism for regulatory pathways. Herein, we profiled miRNA expression in response to ELF-EMFs in vitro. Mouse spermatocyte-derived GC–2 cells were intermittently exposed to a 50 Hz ELF-EMF for 72 h (5 min on/10 min off) at magnetic field intensities of 1 mT, 2 mT and 3 mT. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK–8 assay. Apoptosis and the cell cycle were analyzed with flow cytometry. miRNA expression was profiled using Affymetrix Mouse Genechip miRNA 3.0 arrays. Our data showed that the growth, apoptosis or cell cycle arrest of GC–2 cells exposed to the 50 Hz ELF-EMF did not significantly change. However, we identified a total of 55 miRNAs whose expression significantly changed compared with the sham group, including 19 differentially expressed miRNAs (7 miRNAs were upregulated, and 12 were downregulated) in the 1 mT exposure group and 36 (9 miRNAs were upregulated, and 27 were downregulated) in the 3 mT exposure group. The changes in the expression of 15 selected miRNAs measured by real-time PCR were consistent with the microarray results. A network analysis was used to predict core miRNAs and target genes, including miR-30e-5p, miR-210-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-504-3p, miR-669c-5p and miR-455-3p. We found that these miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to different magnetic field intensities of ELF-EMFs. GO term and KEGG pathway annotation based on the miRNA expression profiling results showed that miRNAs may regulate circadian rhythms, cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and the p53 signaling pathway. These results suggested that miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers, and the miRNA-mediated regulation of signaling pathways might play significant roles in the biological effects of ELF-EMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai-jun Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Ao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (JLZ); (JYL)
| | - Jin-yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (JLZ); (JYL)
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Ma Q, Deng P, Zhu G, Liu C, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Luo X, Li M, Zhong M, Yu Z, Chen C, Zhang Y. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields affect transcript levels of neuronal differentiation-related genes in embryonic neural stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90041. [PMID: 24595264 PMCID: PMC3940726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) can affect the processes of brain development, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. The proliferation and differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) is essential for brain development during the gestation period. To date, there is no report about the effects of ELF-EMF on eNSCs. In this paper, we studied the effects of ELF-EMF on the proliferation and differentiation of eNSCs. Primary cultured eNSCs were treated with 50 Hz ELF-EMF; various magnetic intensities and exposure times were applied. Our data showed that there was no significant change in cell proliferation, which was evaluated by cell viability (CCK-8 assay), DNA synthesis (Edu incorporation), average diameter of neurospheres, cell cycle distribution (flow cytometry) and transcript levels of cell cycle related genes (P53, P21 and GADD45 detected by real-time PCR). When eNSCs were induced to differentiation, real-time PCR results showed a down-regulation of Sox2 and up-regulation of Math1, Math3, Ngn1 and Tuj1 mRNA levels after 50 Hz ELF-EMF exposure (2 mT for 3 days), but the percentages of neurons (Tuj1 positive cells) and astrocytes (GFAP positive cells) were not altered when detected by immunofluorescence assay. Although cell proliferation and the percentages of neurons and astrocytes differentiated from eNSCs were not affected by 50 Hz ELF-EMF, the expression of genes regulating neuronal differentiation was altered. In conclusion, our results support that 50 Hz ELF-EMF induce molecular changes during eNSCs differentiation, which might be compensated by post-transcriptional mechanisms to support cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Ma
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CC); (YZ)
| | - Yanwen Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (CC); (YZ)
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Zhang Y, Cooke A, Park S, Dewey CN, Wickens M, Sheets MD. Bicaudal-C spatially controls translation of vertebrate maternal mRNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 19:1575-82. [PMID: 24062572 PMCID: PMC3851724 DOI: 10.1261/rna.041665.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Xenopus Cripto-1 protein is confined to the cells of the animal hemisphere during early embryogenesis where it regulates the formation of anterior structures. Cripto-1 protein accumulates only in animal cells because cripto-1 mRNA in cells of the vegetal hemisphere is translationally repressed. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein, Bicaudal-C (Bic-C), functioned directly in this vegetal cell-specific repression. While Bic-C protein is normally confined to vegetal cells, ectopic expression of Bic-C in animal cells repressed a cripto-1 mRNA reporter and associated with endogenous cripto-1 mRNA. Repression by Bic-C required its N-terminal domain, comprised of multiple KH motifs, for specific binding to relevant control elements within the cripto-1 mRNA and a functionally separable C-terminal translation repression domain. Bic-C-mediated repression required the 5' CAP and translation initiation factors, but not a poly(A) tail or the conserved SAM domain within Bic-C. Bic-C-directed immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing of associated mRNAs identified multiple Bic-C-regulated mRNA targets, including cripto-1 mRNA, providing new insights and tools for understanding the role of Bic-C in vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Amy Cooke
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Sookhee Park
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Colin N. Dewey
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Marvin Wickens
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Michael D. Sheets
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Corresponding authorE-mail
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Huang YY, Dai L, Gaines D, Droz-Rosario R, Lu H, Liu J, Shen Z. BCCIP suppresses tumor initiation but is required for tumor progression. Cancer Res 2013; 73:7122-33. [PMID: 24145349 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctions of genome caretaker genes contribute to genomic instability and tumor initiation. Because many of the caretaker genes are also essential for cell viability, permanent loss of function of these genes would prohibit further tumor progression. How essential caretaker genes contribute to tumorigenesis is not fully understood. Here, we report a "hit-and-run" mode of action for an essential caretaker gene in tumorigenesis. Using a BRCA2-interacting protein BCCIP as the platform, we found that a conditional BCCIP knockdown and concomitant p53 deletion caused rapid development of medulloblastomas, which bear a wide spectrum of alterations involving the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway, consistent with a caretaker responsibility of BCCIP on genomic integrity. Surprisingly, the progressed tumors have spontaneously lost the transgenic BCCIP knockdown cassette and restored BCCIP expression. Thus, a transient downregulation of BCCIP, but not necessarily a permanent mutation, is sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis. After the malignant transformation has been accomplished and autonomous cancer growth has been established, BCCIP reverses its role from a tumor-initiation suppressor to become a requisite for progression. This exemplifies a new type of tumor suppressor, which is distinct from the classical tumor suppressors that are often permanently abrogated during tumorigenesis. It has major implications on how a nonmutagenic or transient regulation of essential caretaker gene contributes to tumorigenesis. We further suggest that BCCIP represents a paradoxical class of modulators for tumorigenesis as a suppressor for initiation but a requisite for progression (SIRP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yuan Huang
- Authors' Affiliation: Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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15
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Kippler M, Engström K, Mlakar SJ, Bottai M, Ahmed S, Hossain MB, Raqib R, Vahter M, Broberg K. Sex-specific effects of early life cadmium exposure on DNA methylation and implications for birth weight. Epigenetics 2013; 8:494-503. [PMID: 23644563 PMCID: PMC3741219 DOI: 10.4161/epi.24401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary cadmium exposure was recently found to alter DNA methylation in adults, but data on effects early in life are lacking. Our objective was to evaluate associations between prenatal cadmium exposure, DNA methylation and birth weight. In total 127 mother-child pairs from rural Bangladesh were studied. For comparison, we included 56 children at 4.5 y. Cadmium concentrations in mothers’ blood (gestational week 14) and children’s urine were measured by ICPMS. Global DNA methylation was analyzed by Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip in cord blood and children’s blood. Maternal cadmium exposure was associated with cord blood DNA methylation (p-value < 10–16). The association was markedly sex-specific. In boys, 96% of the top 500 CpG sites showed positive correlations (rS-values > 0.50), whereas most associations in girls were inverse; only 29% were positive (rS > 0.45). In girls we found overrepresentation of methylation changes in genes associated with organ development, morphology and mineralization of bone, whereas changes in boys were found in cell death-related genes. Several individual CpG sites that were positively associated with cadmium were inversely correlated with birth weight, although none statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. The associations were, however, fairly robust in multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. We identified CpG sites that were significantly associated with cadmium exposure in both newborns and 4.5-y-old children. In conclusion, cadmium exposure in early life appears to alter DNA methylation differently in girls and boys. This is consistent with previous findings of sex-specific cadmium toxicity. Cadmium-related changes in methylation were also related to lower birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yue J, Lu H, Lan S, Liu J, Stein MN, Haffty BG, Shen Z. Identification of the DNA repair defects in a case of Dubowitz syndrome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54389. [PMID: 23372718 PMCID: PMC3556036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dubowitz Syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with a unique set of clinical features including microcephaly and susceptibility to tumor formation. Although more than 140 cases of Dubowitz syndrome have been reported since 1965, the genetic defects of this disease has not been identified. In this study, we systematically analyzed the DNA damage response and repair capability of fibroblasts established from a Dubowitz Syndrome patient. Dubowitz syndrome fibroblasts are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and doxorubicin. However, they have relatively normal sensitivities to mitomycin-C, cisplatin, and camptothecin. Dubowitz syndrome fibroblasts also have normal DNA damage signaling and cell cycle checkpoint activations after DNA damage. These data implicate a defect in repair of DNA double strand break (DSB) likely due to defective non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). We further sequenced several genes involved in NHEJ, and identified a pair of novel compound mutations in the DNA Ligase IV gene. Furthermore, expression of wild type DNA ligase IV completely complement the DNA repair defects in Dubowitz syndrome fibroblasts, suggesting that the DNA ligase IV mutation is solely responsible for the DNA repair defects. These data suggests that at least subset of Dubowitz syndrome can be attributed to DNA ligase IV mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Yue
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Huimei Lu
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Shijie Lan
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jingmei Liu
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mark N. Stein
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Bruce G. Haffty
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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