1
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Xia X, Li M, Wei R, Li J, Lei Y, Zhang M. Intracerebral hirudin injection alleviates cognitive impairment and oxidative stress and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia. Neuropathology 2023; 43:362-372. [PMID: 36918198 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia starts with cerebral blood flow interruption that causes severely limited oxygen and glucose supply, eliciting a cascade of pathological events, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, calcium dysregulation, and inflammatory response, which could ultimately result in neuronal death. Hirudin has beneficial effects in ischemic stroke and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, we investigated the biological functions of hirudin and its related mechanisms in cerebral ischemia. The ischemia-like conditions were induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). To investigate hirudin roles, intracerebroventricular injection of 10 U hirudin was given to the rats. Cognitive and motor functions were examined by beam walking and Morris water maze tests. 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride-stained brain sections were used to measure infarct volume. Oxidative stress was determined by assessment of oxidative stress markers. The proliferated cells were labeled by BrdU and Nestin double staining. Western blotting was performed to measure protein levels. Hirudin administration improved cognitive and motor deficits post-ischemia. Hirudin reduced brain infarction and neurological damage in MCAO-subjected rats. Hirudin alleviated oxidative stress and enhanced neurogenesis in ischemic rats. Hirudin facilitated the promotion of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and serine-threonine kinase. In sum, hirudin alleviates cognitive deficits by attenuating oxidative stress and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis through the regulation of ERK1/2 and serine-threonine kinase in MCAO-subjected rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Xia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Baoji Third People's Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Renxian Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulin Lei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhucheng Street Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Meikui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
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2
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Alhadidi QM, Bahader GA, Arvola O, Kitchen P, Shah ZA, Salman MM. Astrocytes in functional recovery following central nervous system injuries. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37702572 DOI: 10.1113/jp284197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognised as partaking in complex homeostatic mechanisms critical for regulating neuronal plasticity following central nervous system (CNS) insults. Ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Depending on the context and type of injury, reactive astrocytes respond with diverse morphological, proliferative and functional changes collectively known as astrogliosis, which results in both pathogenic and protective effects. There is a large body of research on the negative consequences of astrogliosis following brain injuries. There is also growing interest in how astrogliosis might in some contexts be protective and help to limit the spread of the injury. However, little is known about how astrocytes contribute to the chronic functional recovery phase following traumatic and ischaemic brain insults. In this review, we explore the protective functions of astrocytes in various aspects of secondary brain injury such as oedema, inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. We also discuss the current knowledge on astrocyte contribution to tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, dendrogenesis and axogenesis. Finally, we discuss diverse astrocyte-related factors that, if selectively targeted, could form the basis of astrocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies to better address currently untreatable CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim M Alhadidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Yarmok University College, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Oiva Arvola
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Jorvi Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Coronas V, Arnault P, Jégou JF, Cousin L, Rabeony H, Clarhaut S, Harnois T, Lecron JC, Morel F. IL-22 Promotes Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal in the Adult Brain. Stem Cells 2023; 41:252-259. [PMID: 36635952 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mainly known for its role in immune defense and inflammation, interleukin 22 (IL-22) has emerged over the past decade as a cytokine involved in the adaptation of stem/progenitor cell activity for tissue homeostasis and repair. IL-22 is present in the brain, which harbors neural stem cells (NSC) in specific niches of which the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is the most important. In this study, we examined a possible effect of IL-22 on NSC in the adult mouse brain. We demonstrate that the IL-22 receptor is expressed in the V-SVZ, mainly in NSC characterized by their SOX2 expression. Addition of IL-22 to V-VSZ cell cultures resulted in an increase in NSC self-renewal, associated with a shift in NSC division mode towards symmetric proliferative divisions at the expense of differentiative divisions. Conversely, loss of IL-22 in knockout mice led to a decrease in neurosphere yield, suggesting a reduction in the NSC population, which was confirmed by the decrease in cells retaining BrdU labeling in IL-22 knockout mice. Our study supports that IL-22 is involved in the development and/or maintenance of V-VSZ NSC and opens new avenues to further investigate the role of IL-22 in NSC biology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Coronas
- 4CS, Laboratory Channels & Connexins in Cancers and Cell Stemness, CNRS UMR 6041, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Patricia Arnault
- 4CS, Laboratory Channels & Connexins in Cancers and Cell Stemness, CNRS UMR 6041, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-François Jégou
- LITEC, Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Laetitia Cousin
- 4CS, Laboratory Channels & Connexins in Cancers and Cell Stemness, CNRS UMR 6041, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Hanitriniaina Rabeony
- LITEC, Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Sandrine Clarhaut
- LITEC, Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Thomas Harnois
- 4CS, Laboratory Channels & Connexins in Cancers and Cell Stemness, CNRS UMR 6041, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Claude Lecron
- LITEC, Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- Service Immunologie et Inflammation, UBM, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Franck Morel
- LITEC, Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Lee EC, Ha TW, Lee DH, Hong DY, Park SW, Lee JY, Lee MR, Oh JS. Utility of Exosomes in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158367. [PMID: 35955498 PMCID: PMC9368737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and neurological disorders worldwide. However, diagnostic techniques and treatments for stroke patients are still limited for certain types of stroke. Intensive research has been conducted so far to find suitable diagnostic techniques and treatments, but so far there has been no success. In recent years, various studies have drawn much attention to the clinical value of utilizing the mechanism of exosomes, low toxicity, biodegradability, and the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Recent studies have been reported on the use of biomarkers and protective and recovery effects of exosomes derived from stem cells or various cells in the diagnostic stage after stroke. This review focuses on publications describing changes in diagnostic biomarkers of exosomes following various strokes and processes for various potential applications as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Tae Won Ha
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Dong-Yong Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS), Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
| | - Jae Sang Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (E.C.L.); (D.-H.L.); (D.-Y.H.); (S.-W.P.); (J.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.L.); (J.S.O.)
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5
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Wang RY, Yang YR, Chang HC. The SDF1-CXCR4 Axis Is Involved in the Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy-Mediated Neuronal Cells Migration in Transient Brain Ischemic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031780. [PMID: 35163700 PMCID: PMC8836673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a physiological response after cerebral ischemic injury to possibly repair the damaged neural network. Therefore, promoting neurogenesis is very important for functional recovery after cerebral ischemic injury. Our previous research indicated that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) exerted neuroprotective effects, such as reducing cerebral infarction volume. The purposes of this study were to further explore the effects of HBOT on the neurogenesis and the expressions of cell migration factors, including the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) and its target receptor, the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Thirty-two Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the control or HBO group after receiving transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). HBOT began to intervene 24 h after MCAO under the pressure of 3 atmospheres for one hour per day for 21 days. Rats in the control group were placed in the same acrylic box without HBOT during the experiment. After the final intervention, half of the rats in each group were cardio-perfused with ice-cold saline followed by 4% paraformaldehyde under anesthesia. The brains were removed, dehydrated and cut into serial 20μm coronal sections for immunofluorescence staining to detect the markers of newborn cell (BrdU+), mature neuron cell (NeuN+), SDF1, and CXCR4. The affected motor cortex of the other half rats in each group was separated under anesthesia and used to detect the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), SDF1, and CXCR4. Motor function was tested by a ladder-climbing test before and after the experiment. HBOT significantly enhanced neurogenesis in the penumbra area and promoted the expressions of SDF1 and CXCR4. The numbers of BrdU+/SDF1+, BrdU+/CXCR4+, and BrdU+/NeuN+ cells and BDNF concentrations in the penumbra were all significantly increased in the HBO group when compared with the control group. The motor functions were improved in both groups, but there was a significant difference between groups in the post-test. Our results indicated that HBOT for 21 days enhanced neurogenesis and promoted cell migration toward the penumbra area in transient brain ischemic rats. HBOT also increased BDNF expression, which might further promote the reconstructions of the impaired neural networks and restore motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray-Yau Wang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (R.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.)
| | - Yea-Ru Yang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (R.-Y.W.); (Y.-R.Y.)
| | - Heng-Chih Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2332-3456 (ext. 48031)
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Asgari Taei A, Nasoohi S, Hassanzadeh G, Kadivar M, Dargahi L, Farahmandfar M. Enhancement of angiogenesis and neurogenesis by intracerebroventricular injection of secretome from human embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ischemic stroke model. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111709. [PMID: 34020250 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted that the success of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy against experimental stroke is mainly due to cellular paracrine manners rather than to replace lost tissue per se. Given such "bystander" effects, cell-free therapeutics manifest as a promising approach in regenerative medicine. Here we aimed at evaluating the effect of conditioned medium (CM) derived from human embryonic MSCs (hESC-MSC) on the neurological deficit, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis in experimental stroke. Adult male Wistar rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), were treated with intracerebroventricular CM either one time (1 h post MCAO) or three times (1, 24, and 48 h post MCAO). Motor performance was assessed by the cylinder test on days 3 and 7. Cerebral samples were obtained for infarct size and molecular analysis on day 7 post-injury. Neurogenesis was evaluated by probing Nestin, Ki67, DCX, and Reelin transcripts and protein levels in the striatum, cortex, subventricular zone, and corpus callosum. The mRNA and protein expression of CD31 were also assessed in the striatum and cortical region to estimate angiogenesis post MCAO. Our findings demonstrate that CM treatment could significantly ameliorate neurological deficits and infarct volume in MCAO rats. Furthermore, ischemic stroke was associated with higher levels of neurogenesis and angiogenesis markers. Following treatment with CM, these markers were further potentiated in the brain regions. This study suggests that the therapeutic benefits of CM obtained from hESC-MSCs at least partly are mediated through improved neurogenesis and angiogenesis to accelerate the recovery of cerebral ischemia insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Farahmandfar
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Deng Y, Guo F, Han X, Huang X. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases neurological function and endogenous neural stem cell migration via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis after cerebral infarction in rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1037. [PMID: 34373723 PMCID: PMC8343462 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) migration is closely associated with brain development and is reportedly involved during recovery from ischaemic stroke. Chemokine signalling mediated by stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been previously documented to guide the migration of NSCs. Although repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can increase neurological function in a rat stroke model, its effects on the migration of NSCs and associated underlying mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of rTMS on ischaemic stroke following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). All rats underwent rTMS treatment 24 h after MCAO. Neurological function, using modified Neurological Severity Scores and grip strength test and NSC migration, which were measured using immunofluorescence staining, were analysed at 7 and 14 days after MCAO, before the protein expression levels of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis was evaluated using western blot analysis. AMD3100, a CXCR4 inhibitor, was used to assess the effects of SDF-1α/CXCR4 signalling. In addition, neuronal survival was investigated using Nissl staining at 14 days after MCAO. It was revealed that rTMS increased the neurological recovery of rats with MCAO, facilitated the migration of NSC, augmented the expression levels of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis and decreased neuronal loss. Furthermore, the rTMS-induced positive responses were significantly abolished by AMD3100. Overall, these results indicated that rTMS conferred therapeutic neuroprotective properties, which can restore neurological function after ischaemic stroke, in a manner that may be associated with the activation of the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Han
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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8
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Nozohouri S, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. Exosomes in Ischemic Stroke. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5533-5545. [PMID: 32534564 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200614180253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a leading cause of mortality, results in severe neurological outcomes in the patients. Effective stroke therapies may significantly decrease the extent of injury. For this purpose, novel and efficient drug delivery strategies need to be developed. Among a myriad of therapeutic and drug delivery techniques, exosomes have shown promising results in ischemic stroke either by their intrinsic therapeutic characteristics, which can result in angiogenesis and neurogenesis or by acting as competent, biocompatible drug delivery vehicles to transport neurotherapeutic agents into the brain. In this review, we have discussed different methods of exosome isolation and cargo loading techniques, advantages and disadvantages of using exosomes as a drug delivery carrier and the therapeutic applications of exosomes with a focus on ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX-79106, United States
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX-79106, United States
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX-79106, United States
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9
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Cuartero MI, García-Culebras A, Torres-López C, Medina V, Fraga E, Vázquez-Reyes S, Jareño-Flores T, García-Segura JM, Lizasoain I, Moro MÁ. Post-stroke Neurogenesis: Friend or Foe? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657846. [PMID: 33834025 PMCID: PMC8021779 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial clinical burden and disability after stroke injury urges the need to explore therapeutic solutions. Recent compelling evidence supports that neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain and is amenable to regulation in both physiological and pathological situations. Its ability to generate new neurons implies a potential to contribute to recovery after brain injury. However, post-stroke neurogenic response may have different functional consequences. On the one hand, the capacity of newborn neurons to replenish the damaged tissue may be limited. In addition, aberrant forms of neurogenesis have been identified in several insult settings. All these data suggest that adult neurogenesis is at a crossroads between the physiological and the pathological regulation of the neurological function in the injured central nervous system (CNS). Given the complexity of the CNS together with its interaction with the periphery, we ultimately lack in-depth understanding of the key cell types, cell-cell interactions, and molecular pathways involved in the neurogenic response after brain damage and their positive or otherwise deleterious impact. Here we will review the evidence on the stroke-induced neurogenic response and on its potential repercussions on functional outcome. First, we will briefly describe subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis after stroke beside the main evidence supporting its positive role on functional restoration after stroke. Then, we will focus on hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) neurogenesis due to the relevance of hippocampus in cognitive functions; we will outline compelling evidence that supports that, after stroke, SGZ neurogenesis may adopt a maladaptive plasticity response further contributing to the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic potential of specific steps in the neurogenic cascade that might ameliorate brain malfunctioning and the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment in the chronic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Cuartero
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia García-Culebras
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Torres-López
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Violeta Medina
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Fraga
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Vázquez-Reyes
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Jareño-Flores
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. García-Segura
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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10
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He Y, Chen S, Tsoi B, Qi S, Gu B, Wang Z, Peng C, Shen J. Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. and Its Active Compound P-Coumaric Acid Promote Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling for Inducing Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improving Post-cerebral Ischemic Spatial Cognitive Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:577790. [PMID: 33537297 PMCID: PMC7849625 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (AOM) is a medicinal herb for improving cognitive functions in traditional Chinese medicine for poststroke treatment, but its efficacies and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that AOM could induce adult hippocampal neurogenesis and improve poststroke cognitive impairment via inducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway. In order to test the hypothesis, we performed both in vivo rat experiments using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model and in vitro neural stem cell (NSC) experiments using oxygen–glucose deprivation plus reoxygenation. First, AOM treatment significantly up-regulated the expression of BDNF, tropomycin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) in the hippocampus, enhanced adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and improved the spatial learning/memory and cognitive functions in the post-MCAO ischemic rats in vivo. Next, in vitro studies confirmed p-coumaric acid (P-CA) to be the most effective compound identified from AOM extract with the properties of activating BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling pathway and promoting NSC proliferation. Cotreatment of BDNF/TrkB-specific inhibitor ANA12 abolished the effects of P-CA on inducing BDNF/TrkB/AKT activation and the NSC proliferation. Finally, animal experiments showed that P-CA treatment enhanced the neuronal proliferation and differentiation in the hippocampus, improved spatial learning and memory functions, and reduced anxiety in the transient MCAO ischemic rats. In conclusion, P-CA is a representative compound from AOM for its bioactivities of activating BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling pathway, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis, improving cognitive functions, and reducing anxiety in post–ischemic stroke rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong He
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bun Tsoi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuhua Qi
- Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicines of Ministry of Education, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Medical Technology School, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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11
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Wang Z, Du J, Lachance BB, Mascarenhas C, He J, Jia X. Intracerebroventricular Administration of hNSCs Improves Neurological Recovery after Cardiac Arrest in Rats. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:923-937. [PMID: 33140234 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible brain injury and neurological dysfunction induced by cardiac arrest (CA) have long been a clinical challenge due to lack of effective therapeutic interventions to reverse neuronal loss and prevent secondary reperfusion injury. The neuronal regenerative potential of neural stem cells (NSCs) provides a possible solution to this clinical deficit. We investigated the neuronal recovery potential of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) xenotransplantation after CA in rats and the effects of transplanted NSCs on the proliferation and migration of endogenous NSCs. Outcome measures included neurological functional recovery measured by neurological deficit score (NDS), electrophysiologic analysis of EEG, and assessment of proliferation and migration at the cellular level and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway at the molecular level. Neurological functional assessment based on aggregate neurological deficit score (NDS) showed better recovery of function after hNSCs therapy (P < 0.05). Tracking of stem cells' proliferation with Ki67 antibody suggested that the NSCs group had more prominent proliferation compared to control group (number of Ki67+ cells, Control VS. NSC: 89.0 ± 31.6 VS. 352.7 ± 97.3, P < 0.05). In addition, cell migration tracked by Dcx antibody showed more Dcx + cells migrated to the far distance zone from SVZ in the treatment group (P < 0.05). Further immunofluorescence staining confirmed that the expression of the Wnt signaling pathway protein (β-catenin) was upregulated in the NSC group (P < 0.05). ICV delivery of hNSCs promotes endogenous NSC proliferation and migration and ultimately enhances neuronal survival and neurological functional recovery. Wnt/β-catenin pathway may be involved in the initiation and maintenance of this enhancement.Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 43007, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Brittany Bolduc Lachance
- Program in Trauma, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Conrad Mascarenhas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Junyun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF Building 823, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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12
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Yeung AK, Patil CS, Jackson MF. Pannexin‐1 in the CNS: Emerging concepts in health and disease. J Neurochem 2020; 154:468-485. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert K. Yeung
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Max Rady College of Medicine Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Chetan S. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Max Rady College of Medicine Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Michael F. Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Max Rady College of Medicine Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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13
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Xie F, Liu H, Liu Y. Adult Neurogenesis Following Ischemic Stroke and Implications for Cell-Based Therapeutic Approaches. World Neurosurg 2020; 138:474-480. [PMID: 32147554 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the most intractable diseases of the central nervous system and is also a major cause of mortality and disability in adult humans. Unfortunately, current therapies target vessel recanalization, which has a narrow treatment window, and the potential adverse effects lead to a low rate of clinical employment; in addition, neuroprotective strategies are not effective for stroke treatment. It is necessary to discover new approaches to develop neuroprotective, neuroregenerative treatment strategies for stroke. At present, accumulating evidence suggests that adult neurogenesis is a novel topic with extensive research on its potential to be harnessed for therapy in various neurologic disorders, and the neurogenesis capacity in the subventricular zone was shown to be increased in response to brain ischemic stroke. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying potential adult neurogenesis and review current preclinical and clinical cell-based therapies for enhancing neural regeneration after adult ischemic stroke. Although stroke-induced neurogenesis in humans does not seem to translate to neurofunctional recovery, we also summarize factors of potential treatment strategies with transplanted cells, including transplantation time, cell dosage, and administration route, to achieve optimum and effective cell-based therapy, thereby harnessing this neuroregenerative response to improve neurofunctional recovery after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ziyang First People's Hospital, Ziyang, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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14
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Functions of subventricular zone neural precursor cells in stroke recovery. Behav Brain Res 2019; 376:112209. [PMID: 31493429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation and ectopic migration of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in response to ischemic brain injury was first reported two decades ago. Since then, studies of brain injury-induced subventricular zone cytogenesis, primarily in rodent models, have provided insight into the cellular and molecular determinants of this phenomenon and its modulation by various factors. However, despite considerable correlational evidence-and some direct evidence-to support contributions of NPCs to behavioral recovery after stroke, the causal mechanisms have not been identified. Here we discuss the subventricular zone cytogenic response and its possible roles in brain injury and disease, focusing on rodent models of stroke. Emerging evidence suggests that NPCs can modulate harmful responses and enhance reparative responses to neurologic diseases. We speculatively identify four broad functions of NPCs in the context of stroke: cell replacement, cytoprotection, remodeling of residual tissue, and immunomodulation. Thus, NPCs may have pleiotropic functions in supporting behavioral recovery after stroke.
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15
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Adult Neurogenesis in the Subventricular Zone and Its Regulation After Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Therapeutic Approaches. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:60-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Shetty AK, Upadhya R, Madhu LN, Kodali M. Novel Insights on Systemic and Brain Aging, Stroke, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2019; 10:470-482. [PMID: 31011489 PMCID: PMC6457051 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of aging, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke are not fully understood and have been the focus of intense and constant investigation worldwide. Studies that provide insights on aging and age-related disease mechanisms are critical for advancing novel therapies that promote successful aging and prevent or cure multiple age-related diseases. The April 2019 issue of the journal, "Aging & Disease" published a series of articles that confer fresh insights on numerous age-related conditions and diseases. The age-related topics include the detrimental effect of overweight on energy metabolism and muscle integrity, senoinflammation as the cause of neuroinflammation, the link between systemic C-reactive protein and brain white matter loss, the role of miR-34a in promoting healthy heart and brain, the potential of sirtuin 3 for reducing cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis, and the promise of statin therapy for ameliorating asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. Additional aging-related articles highlighted the involvement of miR-181b-5p and high mobility group box-1 in hypertension, Yes-associated protein in cataract formation, multiple miRs and long noncoding RNAs in coronary artery disease development, the role of higher meat consumption on sleep problems, and the link between glycated hemoglobin and depression. The topics related to ALS suggested that individuals with higher education and living in a rural environment have a higher risk for developing ALS, and collagen XIX alpha 1 is a prognostic biomarker of ALS. The topics discussed on AD implied that extracellular amyloid β42 is likely the cause of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangle accumulation in familial AD and traditional oriental concoctions may be useful for slowing down the progression of AD. The article on stroke suggested that inhibition of the complement system is likely helpful in promoting brain repair after ischemic stroke. The significance of the above findings for understanding the pathogenesis in aging, ALS, AD, and stroke, slowing down the progression of aging, ALS and AD, and promoting brain repair after stroke are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Raghavendra Upadhya
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Leelavathi N. Madhu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Maheedhar Kodali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
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17
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Vargas-Saturno L, Ayala-Grosso C. Adaptive neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex and contralateral subventricular zone induced by unilateral cortical devascularization: Possible modulation by dopamine neurotransmission. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3514-3533. [PMID: 30402991 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding endogenous neurogenesis and neuronal replacement to mature circuits is a topic of discussion as a therapeutic alternative under acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Adaptive neurogenic response may result as a result of ischemia which could support long-term recovery of behavioral functions. Endogenous sources of neural progenitors may be stimulated by changes in blood flow or neuromodulation. Using a mouse model of unilateral cortical devascularization, we have observed reactive neurogenesis in the perilesional cortex and subventricular zone neurogenic niche. C57BL/6L 4 weeks old male mice were craneotomized at 1 mm caudal from frontal suture and 1 mm lateral from midline to generate a window of 3 mm side. Brain injury was produced by removal of the meninges and superficial vasculature of dorsal parietal cortex. BrdU agent (50 mg/kg, ip) was injected to lesioned and sham animals, during days 0 and 1 after surgery. Sagittal sections were analyzed at 1, 4, 7, and 10 days post-injury. A time-dependent increase in BrdU+ cells in the perilesional parietal cortex was accompanied by augmented BrdU+ cells in the sub ventricular and rostral migratory stream of ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres. Neural progenitors and neuroblasts proliferated in the lesioned and non-lesioned subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream on day 4 after injury. Augmented contralateral neurogenesis was associated with an increase in vesicular monoamine transporter 2 protein in the striosomal sub ventricular neurogenic niche of non-lesioned hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Vargas-Saturno
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Carlos Ayala-Grosso
- Unidad de Terapia Celular, Laboratorio de Patología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Medicina Experimental, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
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18
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Neuroglobin promotes neurogenesis through Wnt signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:945. [PMID: 30237546 PMCID: PMC6147998 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) has been demonstrated by our lab and others to be neuroprotective against neurological disorders including stroke. However, the roles of Ngb in neurogenesis remain elusive. Neurogenesis can occur in adulthood and can be induced by pathological conditions in the brain such as stroke, and significantly contributes to functional recovery, thus enhancing endogenous neurogenesis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study we aimed to investigate the roles of Ngb in neurogenesis using Lentivirus overexpressing Ngb (Lv-Ngb). We show that Ngb overexpression promoted the proliferation of neural progenitor cells (NPC) marked by increased neurosphere number and size. Ngb overexpression also enhanced neuronal differentiation of cultured NPC under differentiation conditions. Moreover, subventricular injection of Lv-Ngb in mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) increased PSA-NCAM positive neuroblasts and Tuj1 positive immature neurons, suggesting that Ngb overexpression promotes neurogenesis in mice brain after stroke. We further show that the pro-neurogenesis effect of Ngb overexpression might be mediated through Dvl1 up-regulation, and subsequent activation of Wnt signaling, indicated by increased nuclear localization of beta-catenin. These results suggest that Ngb may play an important role in promoting neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke, which may eventually benefit the development of stroke therapeutics targeting neurogenesis through Ngb upregulation.
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19
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Chang YH, Wu KC, Harn HJ, Lin SZ, Ding DC. Exosomes and Stem Cells in Degenerative Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:349-363. [PMID: 29692195 PMCID: PMC6038041 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717723636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke can cause death and disability, resulting in a huge burden on society. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation in the joints. Stem cell therapy may provide a biological treatment alternative to traditional pharmacological therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are preferred because of their differentiation ability and possible derivation from many adult tissues. In addition, the paracrine effects of MSCs play crucial anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive roles in immune cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes contain various molecules such as microRNA (miRNA), which mediates biological functions through gene regulation. Therefore, exosomes carrying miRNA or other molecules can enhance the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation. MSC-derived exosomes have been investigated in various animal models representing stroke, PD, and OA. Exosomes are a subtype of EVs. This review article focuses on the mechanism and therapeutic potential of MSC-derived exosomes in stroke, PD, and OA in basic and clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsun Chang
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.,2 Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chi Wu
- 3 Department of Orthopedics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- 4 Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- 2 Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,6 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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20
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Aguilar-Arredondo A, Zepeda A. Memory retrieval-induced activation of adult-born neurons generated in response to damage to the dentate gyrus. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2859-2877. [PMID: 29663136 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) is a neurogenic structure that exhibits functional and structural reorganization after injury. Neurogenesis and functional recovery occur after brain damage, and the possible relation between both processes is a matter of study. We explored whether neurogenesis and the activation of new neurons correlated with DG recovery over time. We induced a DG lesion in young adult rats through the intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid and analyzed functional recovery and the activation of new neurons after animals performed a contextual fear memory task (CFM) or a control spatial exploratory task. We analyzed the number of BrdU+ cells that co-localized with doublecortin (DCX) or with NeuN within the damaged DG and evaluated the number of cells in each population that were labelled with the activity marker c-fos after either task. At 10 days post-lesion (dpl), a region of the granular cell layer was devoid of cells, evidencing the damaged area, whereas at 30 dpl this region was significantly smaller. At 10 dpl, the number of BrdU+/DCX+/c-fos positive cells was increased compared to the sham-lesion group, but CFM was impaired. At 30 dpl, a significantly greater number of BrdU+/NeuN+/c-fos positive cells was observed than at 10 dpl, and activation correlated with CFM recovery. Performance in the spatial exploratory task induced marginal c-fos immunoreactivity in the BrdU+/NeuN+ population. We demonstrate that neurons born after the DG was damaged survive and are activated in a time- and task-dependent manner and that activation of new neurons occurs along functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aguilar-Arredondo
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-228, 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Angélica Zepeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP 70-228, 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico.
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21
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Domenichini F, Terrié E, Arnault P, Harnois T, Magaud C, Bois P, Constantin B, Coronas V. Store-Operated Calcium Entries Control Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal in the Adult Brain Subventricular Zone. Stem Cells 2018; 36:761-774. [PMID: 29359518 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the major stem cell niche in the brain of adult mammals. Within this region, neural stem cells (NSC) proliferate, self-renew and give birth to neurons and glial cells. Previous studies underlined enrichment in calcium signaling-related transcripts in adult NSC. Because of their ability to mobilize sustained calcium influxes in response to a wide range of extracellular factors, store-operated channels (SOC) appear to be, among calcium channels, relevant candidates to induce calcium signaling in NSC whose cellular activities are continuously adapted to physiological signals from the microenvironment. By Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunocytochemistry experiments, we demonstrate that SVZ cells express molecular actors known to build up SOC, namely transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) and Orai1, as well as their activator stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). Calcium imaging reveals that SVZ cells display store-operated calcium entries. Pharmacological blockade of SOC with SKF-96365 or YM-58483 (also called BTP2) decreases proliferation, impairs self-renewal by shifting the type of SVZ stem cell division from symmetric proliferative to asymmetric, thereby reducing the stem cell population. Brain section immunostainings show that TRPC1, Orai1, and STIM1 are expressed in vivo, in SOX2-positive SVZ NSC. Injection of SKF-96365 in brain lateral ventricle diminishes SVZ cell proliferation and reduces the ability of SVZ cells to form neurospheres in vitro. The present study combining in vitro and in vivo approaches uncovers a major role for SOC in the control of SVZ NSC population and opens new fields of investigation for stem cell biology in health and disease. Stem Cells 2018;36:761-774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Domenichini
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Elodie Terrié
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Patricia Arnault
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Thomas Harnois
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Christophe Magaud
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Patrick Bois
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Bruno Constantin
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Valérie Coronas
- Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CNRS ERL 7003, Poitiers Cedex 09, France
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22
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Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and a major cause of disability. It takes place when the brain does not receive sufficient blood supply due to the blood clot in the vessels or narrowing of vessels' inner space due to accumulation of fat products. Apart from thrombolysis (dissolving of blood clot) and thrombectomy (surgical removal of blood clot or widening of vessel inner area) during the first hours after an ischemic stroke, no effective treatment to improve functional recovery exists in the post-ischemic phase. Due to their narrow therapeutic time window, thrombolysis and thrombectomy are unavailable to more than 80% of stroke patients.Many experimental studies carried out in animal models of stroke have demonstrated that stem cell transplantation may become a new therapeutic strategy in stroke. Transplantation of stem cells of different origin and stage of development has been shown to lead to improvement in experimental models of stroke through several mechanisms including neuronal replacement, modulation of cellular and synaptic plasticity and inflammation, neuroprotection and stimulation of angiogenesis. Several clinical studies and trials based on stem cell delivery in stroke patients are in progress with goal of improvements of functional recovery through mechanisms other than neuronal replacement. These approaches may provide therapeutic benefit, but generation of specific neurons for reconstruction of stroke-injured neural circuitry remains ultimate challenge. For this purpose, neural stem cells could be developed from multiple sources and fated to adopt required neuronal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Vladimer Darsalia
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Ita K. The potential use of transdermal drug delivery for the prophylaxis and management of stroke and coronary artery disease. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1322-1327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Wang J, Chen T, Shan G. miR-148b Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Rat Ischemic Stroke Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:329. [PMID: 29104534 PMCID: PMC5655035 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Stroke induced proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) that have been proven to participate in ischemic brain repair. However, molecular mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis have not been fully investigated. MicroRNAs play an important role in the neurological repairing process and impact stroke recovery outcome. MiRNA-148b has been reported to regulate cell proliferation in tumor cells, but its role in NSCs after ischemic stroke remains unknown. Here, we found an overexpression of MiRNA-148b in subventricular zone (SVZ) of rat ischemic brain. In original cultured ischemic NSCs, transfection of MiRNA-148b mimic or inhibitor could suppress or enhance the expression of Wnt-1, β-catenin, and Cyclin D1, hence effected wnt/β-catenin signaling. MiRNA-148b inhibitor promoted NSCs proliferation and differentiation into newborn neural and astrocytes, and this action could be silenced with knockdown of Wnt-1. In middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rats, injection of MiRNA-148b inhibitor could reduce ischemic lesion volume and improve neurological function outcome. Collectively, our data suggest that MiRNA-148b suppressed wnt/β-catenin signaling attenuates proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, these findings shed new light on the role of MiRNA-148b in the recovery process during the stroke and contribute to the novel therapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Wang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Tuanzhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guangzhen Shan
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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Cai W, Yang T, Liu H, Han L, Zhang K, Hu X, Zhang X, Yin KJ, Gao Y, Bennett MVL, Leak RK, Chen J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ): A master gatekeeper in CNS injury and repair. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 163-164:27-58. [PMID: 29032144 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a widely expressed ligand-modulated transcription factor that governs the expression of genes involved in inflammation, redox equilibrium, trophic factor production, insulin sensitivity, and the metabolism of lipids and glucose. Synthetic PPARγ agonists (e.g. thiazolidinediones) are used to treat Type II diabetes and have the potential to limit the risk of developing brain injuries such as stroke by mitigating the influence of comorbidities. If brain injury develops, PPARγ serves as a master gatekeeper of cytoprotective stress responses, improving the chances of cellular survival and recovery of homeostatic equilibrium. In the acute injury phase, PPARγ directly restricts tissue damage by inhibiting the NFκB pathway to mitigate inflammation and stimulating the Nrf2/ARE axis to neutralize oxidative stress. During the chronic phase of acute brain injuries, PPARγ activation in injured cells culminates in the repair of gray and white matter, preservation of the blood-brain barrier, reconstruction of the neurovascular unit, resolution of inflammation, and long-term functional recovery. Thus, PPARγ lies at the apex of cell fate decisions and exerts profound effects on the chronic progression of acute injury conditions. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of PPARγ in stroke and brain trauma and highlight the novel role of PPARγ in long-term tissue repair. We describe its structure and function and identify the genes that it targets. PPARγ regulation of inflammation, metabolism, cell fate (proliferation/differentiation/maturation/survival), and many other processes also has relevance to other neurological diseases. Therefore, PPARγ is an attractive target for therapies against a number of progressive neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tuo Yang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lijuan Han
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh PA, USA
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michael V L Bennett
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Jun Chen
- Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders & Recovery and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh PA, USA.
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Shepherd DJ, Tsai SY, Cappucci SP, Wu JY, Farrer RG, Kartje GL. The Subventricular Zone Response to Stroke Is Not a Therapeutic Target of Anti-Nogo-A Immunotherapy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:683-696. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Shepherd
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
| | - Shih-Yen Tsai
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
| | - Stefanie P. Cappucci
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
| | - Joanna Y. Wu
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
| | - Robert G. Farrer
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
| | - Gwendolyn L. Kartje
- From the Loyola University Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois (DJS, SPC, GLK); and Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Affairs Hospital, Research Service, Hines, Illinois (DJS, S-YT, SPC, JYW, RGF, GLK)
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27
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Bernstock JD, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Ye D, Gessler FA, Maric D, Vicario N, Lee YJ, Pluchino S, Hallenbeck JM. Neural stem cell transplantation in ischemic stroke: A role for preconditioning and cellular engineering. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2314-2319. [PMID: 28303738 PMCID: PMC5531358 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17700432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. To protect and/or repair the ischemic brain, a multitiered approach may be centered on neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation. Transplanted NSCs exert beneficial effects not only via structural replacement, but also via immunomodulatory and/or neurotrophic actions. Unfortunately, the clinical translation of such promising therapies remains elusive, in part due to their limited persistence/survivability within the hostile ischemic microenvironment. Herein, we discuss current approaches for the development of NSCs more amenable to survival within the ischemic brain as a tool for future cellular therapies in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Ye
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Florian A Gessler
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dragan Maric
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yang-Ja Lee
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John M Hallenbeck
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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28
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Gunton AN, Sanchez-Arias JC, Carmona-Wagner EO, Wicki-Stordeur LE, Swayne LA. Upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the ventricular zone after cortical stroke. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28508575 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE After cortical stroke, neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the distal ventricular zone (VZ) proliferate more rapidly and migrate toward the injured cortex. While evidence suggests this can enhance stroke recovery, the underlying molecular mechanisms initiating the response are poorly understood. Here we identified changes in protein expression in the ipsilateral VZ early (4 h) after stroke to gain insight into the initial mechanisms involved in NPC activation post-stroke. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Four hours after photothrombotic stroke (or sham surgery control) in the sensorimotor cortex, adult mice (10 stroke, 10 sham) were subjected to cardiac perfusion with PBS, and ipsilateral and contralateral VZ tissue was microdissected. Two separate sets of ipsilateral and contralateral VZ tissues (from 5 pooled surgery or 5 pooled sham mice) were analyzed simultaneously using 8-plex iTRAQ. We used Western blotting and confocal microscopy to confirm changes in protein expression in the VZ ipsilateral to stroke in a separate cohort of mice. RESULTS We identified nine proteins which exhibited a significant mean increase (by ≥ 2-fold) in stroke ipsilateral compared to sham ipsilateral. Many of these proteins were antiproteases or cytokine/growth factor binding proteins that are known to act as inflammatory responders or effectors and play roles in modulating tissue growth and remodeling. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These novel findings support a growing body of literature that inflammatory signaling is involved in the NPC response to brain injury and identifies novel potential targets that could be exploited to better understand and to optimize this regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna N Gunton
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juan C Sanchez-Arias
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Leigh E Wicki-Stordeur
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Island Medical Program and Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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Lee JY, Xu K, Nguyen H, Guedes VA, Borlongan CV, Acosta SA. Stem Cell-Induced Biobridges as Possible Tools to Aid Neuroreconstruction after CNS Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:51. [PMID: 28540289 PMCID: PMC5424542 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch-induced mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) mediate a distinct mechanism of repair after brain injury by forming a biobridge that facilitates biodistribution of host cells from a neurogenic niche to the area of injury. We have observed the biobridge in an area between the subventricular zone and the injured cortex using immunohistochemistry and laser capture. Cells in the biobridge express high levels of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-9, which co-localized with a trail of MSCs graft. The transplanted stem cells then become almost undetectable, being replaced by newly recruited host cells. This stem cell-paved biobridge provides support for distal migration of host cells from the subventricular zone to the site of injury. Biobridge formation by transplanted stem cells seems to have a fundamental role in initiating endogenous repair processes. Two major stem cell-mediated repair mechanisms have been proposed thus far: direct cell replacement by transplanted grafts and bystander effects through the secretion of trophic factors including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), erythropoietin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) among others. This groundbreaking observation of biobridge formation by transplanted stem cells represents a novel mechanism for stem cell mediated brain repair. Future studies on graft-host interaction will likely establish biobridge formation as a fundamental mechanism underlying therapeutic effects of stem cells and contribute to the scientific pursuit of developing safe and efficient therapies not only for traumatic brain injury but also for other neurological disorders. The aim of this review is to hypothetically extend concepts related to the formation of biobridges in other central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Kaya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Vivian A Guedes
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Sandra A Acosta
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
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30
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Jin Y, Barnett A, Zhang Y, Yu X, Luo Y. Poststroke Sonic Hedgehog Agonist Treatment Improves Functional Recovery by Enhancing Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis. Stroke 2017; 48:1636-1645. [PMID: 28487338 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.016650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Because of the limitation in treatment window of the r-tPA (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator), the development of delayed treatment for stroke is needed. In this study, we examined the efficacy of delayed poststroke treatment (post 3-8 days) of the sonic hedgehog pathway agonist on functional recovery and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We evaluated functional recovery at 1 month after stroke using locomotion analysis and Barnes maze test for cognitive function. We used a genetically inducible neural stem cell-specific reporter mouse line (nestin-CreERT2-R26R-YFP) to label and track their proliferation, survival, and differentiation in ischemic brain. Brain tissue damage, angiogenesis, and cerebral blood flow recovery was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging techniques and immunostaining. RESULTS Our results show that delayed treatment of sonic hedgehog pathway agonist in stroke mice results in enhanced functional recovery both in locomotor function and in cognitive function at 1 month after stroke. Furthermore, using the Nestincre-ERT2-YFP mice, we showed that poststroke sonic hedgehog pathway agonist treatment increased surviving newly born cells derived from both subventricular zone and subgranular zone neural stem cells, total surviving DCX+ (Doublecortin) neuroblast cells, and neurons (NeuN+/YFP+) in the ischemic brain. Sonic hedgehog pathway agonist treatment also improved the brain tissue repair in ischemic region supported by our T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, cerebral blood flow map by arterial spin labeling, and immunohistochemistry (α-smooth muscle actin and CD31 immunostaining). CONCLUSIONS These data confirm an important role for the hedgehog pathway in poststroke brain repair and functional recovery, suggesting a prolonged treatment window for potential treatment strategy to modulate sonic hedgehog pathway after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Jin
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.J., A.B., Y.L.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Z., X.Y.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Austin Barnett
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.J., A.B., Y.L.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Z., X.Y.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yifan Zhang
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.J., A.B., Y.L.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Z., X.Y.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xin Yu
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.J., A.B., Y.L.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Z., X.Y.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yu Luo
- From the Department of Neurological Surgery (Y.J., A.B., Y.L.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.Z., X.Y.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
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Distinct Effects of miR-210 Reduction on Neurogenesis: Increased Neuronal Survival of Inflammation But Reduced Proliferation Associated with Mitochondrial Enhancement. J Neurosci 2017; 37:3072-3084. [PMID: 28188219 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1777-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is essential to brain development and plays a central role in the response to brain injury. Stroke and head trauma stimulate proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs); however, the survival of young neurons is sharply reduced by postinjury inflammation. Cellular mitochondria are critical to successful neurogenesis and are a major target of inflammatory injury. Mitochondrial protection was shown to improve survival of young neurons. This study tested whether reducing cellular microRNA-210 (miR-210) would enhance mitochondrial function and improve survival of young murine neurons under inflammatory conditions. Several studies have demonstrated the potential of miR-210 inhibition to enhance and protect mitochondrial function through upregulation of mitochondrial proteins. Here, miR-210 inhibition significantly increased neuronal survival and protected the activity of mitochondrial enzymes cytochrome c oxidase and aconitase in differentiating NSC cultures exposed to inflammatory mediators. Unexpectedly, we found that reducing miR-210 significantly attenuated NSC proliferation upon induction of differentiation. Further investigation revealed that increased mitochondrial function suppressed the shift to primarily glycolytic metabolism and reduced mitochondrial length characteristic of dividing cells. Activation of AMP-regulated protein kinase-retinoblastoma signaling is important in NSC proliferation and the reduction of this activation observed by miR-210 inhibition is one mechanism contributing to the reduced proliferation. Postinjury neurogenesis occurs as a burst of proliferation that peaks in days, followed by migration and differentiation over weeks. Our studies suggest that mitochondrial protective miR-210 inhibition should be delayed until after the initial burst of proliferation, but could be beneficial during the prolonged differentiation stage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Increasing the success of endogenous neurogenesis after brain injury holds therapeutic promise. Postinjury inflammation markedly reduces newborn neuron survival. This study found that enhancement of mitochondrial function by reducing microRNA-210 (miR-210) levels could improve survival of young neurons under inflammatory conditions. miR-210 inhibition protected the activity of mitochondrial enzymes cytochrome c oxidase and aconitase. Conversely, we observed decreased precursor cell proliferation likely due to suppression of the AMP-regulated protein kinase-retinoblastoma axis with miR-210 inhibition. Therefore, mitochondrial protection is a double-edged sword: early inhibition reduces proliferation, but inhibition later significantly increases neuroblast survival. This explains in part the contradictory published reports of the effects of miR-210 on neurogenesis.
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Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was first approved in the USA 25 years ago for those who had experienced a recent occlusion (<3 h) of a cerebral vessel. Now, advances in clot retrieval (stentriever), in concert with tPA, heralds new optimism for ischemic stroke victims, but adds more pressure to identify therapies that will minimize hypoxic damage, protect compromised cells, and promote rehabilitation. In the past preclinical investigations have been poor at predicting potential clinical therapy, but they have contributed enormously to understanding post-stroke pathology. Current clinical trials ( www.strokecenter.org/trials ) anticipate a broad range of approaches: from hypothermia, to cell therapy, to neuroprotection.
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Chopp M. Function of neural stem cells in ischemic brain repair processes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2016; 36:2034-2043. [PMID: 27742890 PMCID: PMC5363673 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16674487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic/ischemic injury is the single most important cause of disabilities in infants, while stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity in children and adults around the world. The injured brain has limited repair capacity, and thereby only modest improvement of neurological function is evident post injury. In rodents, embryonic neural stem cells in the ventricular zone generate cortical neurons, and adult neural stem cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle produce new neurons through animal life. In addition to generation of new neurons, neural stem cells contribute to oligodendrogenesis. Neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis are essential for repair of injured brain. Much progress has been made in preclinical studies on elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control and coordinate neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in perinatal hypoxic/ischemic injury and the adult ischemic brain. This article will review these findings with a focus on the ventricular-subventricular zone neurogenic niche and discuss potential applications to facilitate endogenous neurogenesis and thereby to improve neurological function post perinatal hypoxic/ischemic injury and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA
| | | | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, USA
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Bravo-Ferrer I, Cuartero MI, Zarruk JG, Pradillo JM, Hurtado O, Romera VG, Díaz-Alonso J, García-Segura JM, Guzmán M, Lizasoain I, Galve-Roperh I, Moro MA. Cannabinoid Type-2 Receptor Drives Neurogenesis and Improves Functional Outcome After Stroke. Stroke 2016; 48:204-212. [PMID: 27899748 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability characterized by physical, cognitive, and emotional disturbances. Unfortunately, pharmacological options are scarce. The cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R) is neuroprotective in acute experimental stroke by anti-inflammatory mechanisms. However, its role in chronic stroke is still unknown. METHODS Stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice; CB2R modulation was assessed by administering the CB2R agonist JWH133 ((6aR,10aR)-3-(1,1-dimethylbutyl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran) or the CB2R antagonist SR144528 (N-[(1S)-endo-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo-[2.2.1]-heptan-2-yl]-5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-pyrazole-3-carboxamide) once daily from day 3 to the end of the experiment or by CB2R genetic deletion. Analysis of immunofluorescence-labeled brain sections, 5-bromo-2´-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of brain cell suspensions, and behavioral tests were performed. RESULTS SR144528 decreased neuroblast migration toward the boundary of the infarct area when compared with vehicle-treated mice 14 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Consistently, mice on this pharmacological treatment, like mice with CB2R genetic deletion, displayed a lower number of new neurons (NeuN+/BrdU+ cells) in peri-infarct cortex 28 days after stroke when compared with vehicle-treated group, an effect accompanied by a worse sensorimotor performance in behavioral tests. The CB2R agonist did not affect neurogenesis or outcome in vivo, but increased the migration of neural progenitor cells in vitro; the CB2R antagonist alone did not affect in vitro migration. CONCLUSIONS Our data support that CB2R is fundamental for driving neuroblast migration and suggest that an endocannabinoid tone is required for poststroke neurogenesis by promoting neuroblast migration toward the injured brain tissue, increasing the number of new cortical neurons and, conceivably, enhancing motor functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bravo-Ferrer
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Cuartero
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan G Zarruk
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pradillo
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia Hurtado
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor G Romera
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Díaz-Alonso
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M García-Segura
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Galve-Roperh
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Moro
- From the Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.G.Z., J.M.P., O.H., V.G.R., I.L., M.A.M.), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (J.D.-A., J.M.G.-S., M.G., I.G.-R.), and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (I.B.-F., M.I.C., J.M.P., O.H., J.D.-A., M.G., I.L., I.G.-R., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Uzdensky A, Demyanenko S, Fedorenko G, Lapteva T, Fedorenko A. Protein Profile and Morphological Alterations in Penumbra after Focal Photothrombotic Infarction in the Rat Cerebral Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:4172-4188. [PMID: 27324898 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After ischemic stroke, cell damage propagates from infarct core to surrounding tissues (penumbra). To reveal proteins involved in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in penumbra, we studied protein expression changes in 2-mm ring around the core of photothrombotic infarct induced in the rat brain cortex by local laser irradiation after administration of Bengal Rose. The ultrastructural study showed edema and degeneration of neurons, glia, and capillaries. Morphological changes gradually decreased across the penumbra. Using the antibody microarrays, we studied changes in expression of >200 neuronal proteins in penumbra 4 or 24 h after focal photothrombotic infarct. Diverse cellular subsystems were involved in the penumbra tissue response: signal transduction pathways such as protein kinase Bα/GSK-3, protein kinase C and its β1 and β2 isoforms, Wnt/β-catenin (axin1, GSK-3, FRAT1), Notch/NUMB, DYRK1A, TDP43; mitochondria quality control (Pink1, parkin, HtrA2); ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (ubiquilin-1, UCHL1); axon outgrowth and guidance (NAV-3, CRMP2, PKCβ2); vesicular trafficking (syntaxin-8, TMP21, Munc-18-3, synip, ALS2, VILIP1, syntaxin, synaptophysin, synaptotagmin); biosynthesis of neuromediators (tryptophan hydroxylase, monoamine oxidase B, glutamate decarboxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, DOPA decarboxylase, dopamine transporter); intercellular interactions (N-cadherin, PMP22); cytoskeleton (neurofilament 68, neurofilament-M, doublecortin); and other proteins (LRP1, prion protein, β-amyloid). These proteins are involved in neurodegeneration or neuroprotection. Such changes were most expressed 4 h after photothrombotic impact. Immunohistochemical and Western blot studies of expression of monoamine oxidase B, UCHL1, DYRK1A, and Munc-18-3 confirmed the proteomic data. These data provide the integral view on the penumbra response to photothrombotic infarct. Some of these proteins can be potential targets for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Uzdensky
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky pr., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Demyanenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky pr., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Grigory Fedorenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky pr., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.,Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 41 Chekhov prosp., Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Tayana Lapteva
- Regional Consulting and Diagnostic Center, 127 Pushkinskaya st., Rostov-on-Don, 344010, Russia
| | - Alexej Fedorenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 194/1 Stachky pr., Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
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36
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Liu XS, Fan BY, Pan WL, Li C, Levin AM, Wang X, Zhang RL, Zervos TM, Hu J, Zhang XM, Chopp M, Zhang ZG. Identification of miRNomes associated with adult neurogenesis after stroke using Argonaute 2-based RNA sequencing. RNA Biol 2016; 14:488-499. [PMID: 27315491 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1196320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is associated with functional recovery after stroke. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully investigated. Using an Ago2-based RNA immunoprecipitation to immunoprecipated Ago2-RNA complexes followed by RNA sequencing (Ago2 RIP-seq) approach, we profiled the miRNomes in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) harvested from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles of young adult rats. We identified more than 7 and 15 million reads in normal and ischemic NPC libraries, respectively. We found that stroke substantially changed Ago2-associated miRNA profiles in NPCs compared to those in non-ischemic NPCs. We also discovered a new complex repertoire of isomiRs and multiple miRNA-miRNA* pairs and numerous novel miRNAs in the non-ischemic and ischemic NPCs. Among them, pc-3p-17172 significantly regulated NPC proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Collectively, the present study reveals profiles of Ago2-associated miRNomes in non-ischemic and ischemic NPCs, which provide a molecular basis to further investigate the role of miRNAs in mediating adult neurogenesis under physiological and ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shuang Liu
- a Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Bao Yan Fan
- a Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Wan Long Pan
- a Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA.,b Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Immunology , North Sichuan Medical University , Nanchong , Sichuan , China
| | - Chao Li
- a Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Albert M Levin
- c Department of Public Health Sciences , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA.,d Center for Bioinformatics , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Xinli Wang
- a Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Rui Lan Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Thomas M Zervos
- a Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Jiani Hu
- e Department of Radiology , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA
| | - Xiao Ming Zhang
- f Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Department of Radiology , Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical University , Nanchong , Sichuan , China
| | - Michael Chopp
- a Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA.,g Department of Physics , Oakland University , Rochester , MI , USA
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , Henry Ford Health System , Detroit , MI , USA
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37
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Jin X. The role of neurogenesis during development and in the adult brain. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2291-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Department of Pharmacy; the Affiliated Suzhou Municipal Hospital; Nanjing Medical University; Suzhou 215001 China
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38
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Ryu S, Lee SH, Kim SU, Yoon BW. Human neural stem cells promote proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells and enhance angiogenesis in ischemic rat brain. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:298-304. [PMID: 27073384 PMCID: PMC4810995 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.177739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human neural stem cells into the dentate gyrus or ventricle of rodents has been reportedly to enhance neurogenesis. In this study, we examined endogenous stem cell proliferation and angiogenesis in the ischemic rat brain after the transplantation of human neural stem cells. Focal cerebral ischemia in the rat brain was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Human neural stem cells were transplanted into the subventricular zone. The behavioral performance of human neural stem cells-treated ischemic rats was significantly improved and cerebral infarct volumes were reduced compared to those in untreated animals. Numerous transplanted human neural stem cells were alive and preferentially localized to the ipsilateral ischemic hemisphere. Furthermore, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-labeled endogenous neural stem cells were observed in the subventricular zone and hippocampus, where they differentiated into cells immunoreactive for the neural markers doublecortin, neuronal nuclear antigen NeuN, and astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein in human neural stem cells-treated rats, but not in the untreated ischemic animals. The number of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine-positive ⁄ anti-von Willebrand factor-positive proliferating endothelial cells was higher in the ischemic boundary zone of human neural stem cells-treated rats than in controls. Finally, transplantation of human neural stem cells in the brains of rats with focal cerebral ischemia promoted the proliferation of endogenous neural stem cells and their differentiation into mature neural-like cells, and enhanced angiogenesis. This study provides valuable insights into the effect of human neural stem cell transplantation on focal cerebral ischemia, which can be applied to the development of an effective therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ryu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung U Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Byung-Woo Yoon
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Stroke recovery is orchestrated by a set of highly interactive processes that involve the neurovascular unit and neural stem cells. Emerging data suggest that exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication by transferring exosomal protein and RNA cargo between source and target cells in the brain. Here, we review these advances and their impact on promoting coupled brain remodeling processes after stroke. The use of exosomes for therapeutic applications in stroke is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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40
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Mechanisms of Plasticity, Remodeling and Recovery. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Marlier Q, Verteneuil S, Vandenbosch R, Malgrange B. Mechanisms and Functional Significance of Stroke-Induced Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:458. [PMID: 26696816 PMCID: PMC4672088 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke affects one in every six people worldwide, and is the leading cause of adult disability. After stroke, some limited spontaneous recovery occurs, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. Multiple, parallel approaches are being investigated to develop neuroprotective, reparative and regenerative strategies for the treatment of stroke. For years, clinical studies have tried to use exogenous cell therapy as a means of brain repair, with varying success. Since the rediscovery of adult neurogenesis and the identification of adult neural stem cells in the late nineties, one promising field of investigation is focused upon triggering and stimulating this self-repair system to replace the neurons lost following brain injury. For instance, it is has been demonstrated that the adult brain has the capacity to produce large numbers of new neurons in response to stroke. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated overview of stroke-induced adult neurogenesis, from a cellular and molecular perspective, to its impact on brain repair and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Marlier
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Renaud Vandenbosch
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman Liege, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, C.H.U. Sart Tilman Liege, Belgium
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Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Neurogenesis following Stroke Affecting the Adult Brain. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 7:7/11/a019034. [PMID: 26525150 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A bulk of experimental evidence supports the idea that the stroke-damaged adult brain makes an attempt to repair itself by producing new neurons also in areas where neurogenesis does not normally occur (e.g., the striatum and cerebral cortex). Knowledge about mechanisms regulating the different steps of neurogenesis after stroke is rapidly increasing but still incomplete. The functional consequences of stroke-induced neurogenesis and the level of integration of the new neurons into existing neural circuitries are poorly understood. To have a substantial impact on the recovery after stroke, this potential mechanism for self-repair needs to be enhanced, primarily by increasing the survival and differentiation of the generated neuroblasts. Moreover, for efficient repair, optimization of neurogenesis most likely needs to be combined with promotion of other endogenous neuroregenerative responses (e.g., protection and sprouting of remaining mature neurons, transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells [NSPC]-derived neurons and glia cells, and modulation of inflammation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Lindvall
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zaal Kokaia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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43
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Zhang ZG, Chopp M. Promoting brain remodeling to aid in stroke recovery. Trends Mol Med 2015; 21:543-8. [PMID: 26278490 PMCID: PMC4567429 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous brain repair after stroke involves a set of highly interactive processes, such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, synaptogenesis, and axonal outgrowth, which together orchestrate neurological recovery. During the past several years, there have been advances in our understanding of miRNAs and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in brain repair processes after stroke. Emerging data indicate the important role of exosomes for intercellular communication in promoting coupled brain remodeling processes. These advances will likely have a major impact on the development of restorative therapies for ischemic brain repair, consequently leading to improvement of neurological function. In this review, we provide an update on our current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs, exosomes, and HDACs in brain restorative processes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
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44
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Tan S, Zhi P, Luo Z, Shi J. Severe instead of mild hyperglycemia inhibits neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of adult rats after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience 2015; 303:138-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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45
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Yang LC, Li J, Xu SF, Cai J, Lei H, Liu DM, Zhang M, Rong XF, Cui DD, Wang L, Peng Y, Wang XL. L-3-n-butylphthalide Promotes Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity in Cerebral Ischemic Rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015. [PMID: 26215907 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated whether anticerebral ischemia new drug, l-3-n-butylphthalide (l-NBP), improved behavioral recovery and enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS The middle cerebral artery of rats was blocked for 2 h. The daily oral administrations of 30 mg/kg l-NBP or vehicle were begun from the second day until the rats were sacrificed. L-NBP treatment markedly increased 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of injured hemisphere on day 28 after ischemia. The amount of newborn cells and newly mature neurons was also increased. The expressions of growth-associated protein-43 and synaptophysin were significantly elevated in l-NBP-treated rats. However, l-NBP markedly reduced the percentage of BrdU(+) /GFAP(+) cells. Additionally, the levels of catalytical subunit of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase B (Akt), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were significantly increased, and the activation of the signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were obviously inhibited by l-NBP. Consequently, l-NBP attenuated the behavioral dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS It first demonstrates that l-NBP may improve the behavioral outcome of cerebral ischemia by promoting neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Activation of CREB and Akt and inhibition of STAT3 signaling might be involved in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Fang Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Dixon KJ, Theus MH, Nelersa CM, Mier J, Travieso LG, Yu TS, Kernie SG, Liebl DJ. Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells stabilize the cortical microenvironment after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:753-64. [PMID: 25290253 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a myriad of pathological responses contribute to traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebral dysfunction has been closely linked to cell death mechanisms. A number of therapeutic strategies have been studied in an attempt to minimize or ameliorate tissue damage; however, few studies have evaluated the inherent protective capacity of the brain. Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) reside in distinct brain regions and have been shown to respond to tissue damage by migrating to regions of injury. Until now, it remained unknown whether these cells have the capacity to promote endogenous repair. We ablated NSPCs in the subventricular zone to examine their contribution to the injury microenvironment after controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Studies were performed in transgenic mice expressing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene under the control of the nestin(δ) promoter exposed to CCI injury. Two weeks after CCI injury, mice deficient in NSPCs had reduced neuronal survival in the perilesional cortex and fewer Iba-1-positive and glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive glial cells but increased glial hypertrophy at the injury site. These findings suggest that the presence of NSPCs play a supportive role in the cortex to promote neuronal survival and glial cell expansion after TBI injury, which corresponds with improvements in motor function. We conclude that enhancing this endogenous response may have acute protective roles after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty J Dixon
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Michelle H Theus
- 2The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Claudiu M Nelersa
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jose Mier
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Lissette G Travieso
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Tzong-Shiue Yu
- 3Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Steven G Kernie
- 3Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Daniel J Liebl
- 1The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Kim D, Lee H, Kwon K, Park S, Heo H, Lee Y, Choi J, Shin C, Ryu J. Early immature neuronal death initiates cerebral ischemia-induced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Neuroscience 2015; 284:42-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Lee RJ, Kim JK, Chao D, Kuo L, Mally A, McClean ME, Pemberton HE, Wilmington AR, Wong J, Murphy SP. Progesterone and allopregnanolone improves stroke outcome in male mice via distinct mechanisms but neither promotes neurogenesis. J Neurochem 2014; 132:32-7. [PMID: 25376903 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on the outcome of a number of experimental studies, progesterone (PROG) holds promise as a new therapy for stroke. To understand more about the mechanisms involved, we administered PROG (or the major metabolite, allopregnanolone, ALLO), intra-peritoneally, for a period of 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion to male mice variably expressing intracellular progesterone receptors (iPR) A/B. Effects on infarct volume and neurogenesis were then assessed up to 1 month later. Predictably, infarct volume in wild-type mice receiving either drug was significantly smaller. However, mice heterozygous for iPRs A/B showed protection by ALLO but not by PROG. There was robust amplification of cell division in the wall of the lateral ventricle on the injured side of the brain, these cells migrated into the striatum and lateral cortex, and a significant number survived for at least 3 weeks. However, very few doublecortin-positive cells emerged from the subventricular zone and subsequent expression of NeuN in these newborn neurons was extremely rare. Neither PROG nor ALLO amplified the rate of neurogenesis, suggesting that the long-term benefits of acute drug administration results from tissue preservation. Male mice derive long-lasting benefit from progesterone and allopregnanolone after ischemic stroke. In mice heterozygous for iPRs, only allopregnanolone proved effective, suggesting distinct mechanisms. Abundant newborn cells were found in the wall of the lateral ventricle on the injured side (many doublecortin-positive), some migrated into the striatum and lateral cortex, but very few survived as mature neurons. Neurosteroid administration did not amplify this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona J Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Zhang RL, Chopp M, Roberts C, Liu X, Wei M, Nejad-Davarani SP, Wang X, Zhang ZG. Stroke increases neural stem cells and angiogenesis in the neurogenic niche of the adult mouse. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113972. [PMID: 25437857 PMCID: PMC4250076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique cellular and vascular architecture of the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V/SVZ) neurogenic niche plays an important role in regulating neural stem cell function. However, the in vivo identification of neural stem cells and their relationship to blood vessels within this niche in response to stroke remain largely unknown. Using whole-mount preparation of the lateral ventricle wall, we examined the architecture of neural stem cells and blood vessels in the V/SVZ of adult mouse over the course of 3 months after onset of focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke substantially increased the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive neural stem cells that are in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via their apical processes at the center of pinwheel structures formed by ependymal cells residing in the lateral ventricle. Long basal processes of these cells extended to blood vessels beneath the ependymal layer. Moreover, stroke increased V/SVZ endothelial cell proliferation from 2% in non-ischemic mice to 12 and 15% at 7 and 14 days after stroke, respectively. Vascular volume in the V/SVZ was augmented from 3% of the total volume prior to stroke to 6% at 90 days after stroke. Stroke-increased angiogenesis was closely associated with neuroblasts that expanded to nearly encompass the entire lateral ventricular wall in the V/SVZ. These data indicate that stroke induces long-term alterations of the neural stem cell and vascular architecture of the adult V/SVZ neurogenic niche. These post-stroke structural changes may provide insight into neural stem cell mediation of stroke-induced neurogenesis through the interaction of neural stem cells with proteins in the CSF and their sub-ependymal neurovascular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Roberts
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xianshuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Merson TD, Bourne JA. Endogenous neurogenesis following ischaemic brain injury: insights for therapeutic strategies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 56:4-19. [PMID: 25128862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke is among the most common yet most intractable types of central nervous system (CNS) injury in the adult human population. In the acute stages of disease, neurons in the ischaemic lesion rapidly die and other neuronal populations in the ischaemic penumbra are vulnerable to secondary injury. Multiple parallel approaches are being investigated to develop neuroprotective, reparative and regenerative strategies for the treatment of stroke. Accumulating evidence indicates that cerebral ischaemia initiates an endogenous regenerative response within the adult brain that potentiates adult neurogenesis from populations of neural stem and progenitor cells. A major research focus has been to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the potentiation of adult neurogenesis and to appreciate how interventions designed to modulate these processes could enhance neural regeneration in the post-ischaemic brain. In this review, we highlight recent advances over the last 5 years that help unravel the cellular and molecular mechanisms that potentiate endogenous neurogenesis following cerebral ischaemia and are dissecting the functional importance of this regenerative mechanism following brain injury. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Regenerative Medicine: the challenge of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias D Merson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - James A Bourne
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Building 75, Level 1 North STRIP 1, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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