1
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Badr M, McFleder RL, Wu J, Knorr S, Koprich JB, Hünig T, Brotchie JM, Volkmann J, Lutz MB, Ip CW. Expansion of regulatory T cells by CD28 superagonistic antibodies attenuates neurodegeneration in A53T-α-synuclein Parkinson's disease mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:319. [PMID: 36587195 PMCID: PMC9805693 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02685-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells (Treg) are a subgroup of T lymphocytes involved in maintaining immune balance. Disturbance of Treg number and impaired suppressive function of Treg correlate with Parkinson's disease severity. Superagonistic anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (CD28SA) activate Treg and cause their expansion to create an anti-inflammatory environment. METHODS Using the AAV1/2-A53T-α-synuclein Parkinson's disease mouse model that overexpresses the pathogenic human A53T-α-synuclein (hαSyn) variant in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, we assessed the neuroprotective and disease-modifying efficacy of a single intraperitoneal dose of CD28SA given at an early disease stage. RESULTS CD28SA led to Treg expansion 3 days after delivery in hαSyn Parkinson's disease mice. At this timepoint, an early pro-inflammation was observed in vehicle-treated hαSyn Parkinson's disease mice with elevated percentages of CD8+CD69+ T cells in brain and increased levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the cervical lymph nodes and spleen. These immune responses were suppressed in CD28SA-treated hαSyn Parkinson's disease mice. Early treatment with CD28SA attenuated dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the SN of hαSyn Parkinson's disease mice accompanied with reduced brain numbers of activated CD4+, CD8+ T cells and CD11b+ microglia observed at the late disease-stage 10 weeks after AAV injection. In contrast, a later treatment 4 weeks after AAV delivery failed to reduce dopaminergic neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that immune modulation by Treg expansion at a timepoint of overt inflammation is effective for treatment of hαSyn Parkinson's disease mice and suggest that the concept of early immune therapy could pose a disease-modifying option for Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badr
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rhonda L. McFleder
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jingjing Wu
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Knorr
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - James B. Koprich
- grid.417188.30000 0001 0012 4167Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.511892.6Atuka Inc, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Thomas Hünig
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Brotchie
- grid.417188.30000 0001 0012 4167Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.511892.6Atuka Inc, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jens Volkmann
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred B. Lutz
- grid.8379.50000 0001 1958 8658Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- grid.411760.50000 0001 1378 7891Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Zhang H, Madi A, Yosef N, Chihara N, Awasthi A, Pot C, Lambden C, Srivastava A, Burkett PR, Nyman J, Christian E, Etminan Y, Lee A, Stroh H, Xia J, Karwacz K, Thakore PI, Acharya N, Schnell A, Wang C, Apetoh L, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Anderson AC, Regev A, Kuchroo VK. An IL-27-Driven Transcriptional Network Identifies Regulators of IL-10 Expression across T Helper Cell Subsets. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108433. [PMID: 33238123 PMCID: PMC7771052 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is an immunoregulatory cytokine that suppresses inflammation through multiple mechanisms, including induction of IL-10, but the transcriptional network mediating its diverse functions remains unclear. Combining temporal RNA profiling with computational algorithms, we predict 79 transcription factors induced by IL-27 in T cells. We validate 11 known and discover 5 positive (Cebpb, Fosl2, Tbx21, Hlx, and Atf3) and 2 negative (Irf9 and Irf8) Il10 regulators, generating an experimentally refined regulatory network for Il10. We report two central regulators, Prdm1 and Maf, that cooperatively drive the expression of signature genes induced by IL-27 in type 1 regulatory T cells, mediate IL-10 expression in all T helper cells, and determine the regulatory phenotype of colonic Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Prdm1/Maf double-knockout mice develop spontaneous colitis, phenocopying ll10-deficient mice. Our work provides insights into IL-27-driven transcriptional networks and identifies two shared Il10 regulators that orchestrate immunoregulatory programs across T helper cell subsets. Zhang et al. construct a transcriptional network for IL-27-mediated Il10 production in CD4 T cells, characterize the function of 16 Il10 regulators, and uncover the role of two transcription factors, Prdm1 and Maf, in driving Il10 production in all T helper cells and in maintaining immune homeostasis in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asaf Madi
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nir Yosef
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Norio Chihara
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Neurology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute(an autonomous institute of the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Caroline Pot
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Division of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Conner Lambden
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Patrick R Burkett
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Biogen, 300 Binney St., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jackson Nyman
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elena Christian
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yasaman Etminan
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annika Lee
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helene Stroh
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junrong Xia
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Karwacz
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Pratiksha I Thakore
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nandini Acharya
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Schnell
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France
| | | | - Ana C Anderson
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Koch Institute and Ludwig Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases and Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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3
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Kedzierska AE, Lorek D, Slawek A, Chelmonska-Soyta A. Tregitopes regulate the tolerogenic immune response and decrease the foetal death rate in abortion-prone mouse matings. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10531. [PMID: 32601347 PMCID: PMC7324366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66957-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The imbalance in immune tolerance may cause the variety of reproductive failures. An intravenous immunoglobulin infusion (IVIg) therapy is used to improve the live birth rate in women suffering from recurrent pregnancy loss, recurrent spontaneous abortions and recurrent implantation failures. However, the results of IVIg studies are still inconclusive as IVIg infusion in women suffering from pregnancy loss is sometimes ineffective. One of the mechanisms of action of this treatment is inhibition of B cells differentiation and expansion of Tregs and secretion of interleukin 10. It was proposed that immunomodulatory effects of IVIg may be attributed to tregitopes - self-IgG-derived epitopes present in the structure of immunoglobulins. Similarly to IVIg, tregitopes cause the expansion of Tregs and secretion of antigen-specific effector cytokine response. Here, we studied whether the administration of mouse tregitope 167 and/or 289 can prevent abortions in mouse abortion-prone mouse matings. We revealed that tregitopes reduce the foetal death rate. This may be driven by observed higher pool of peripheral Tregs, increased production of IL-10 by Tregs and Bregs and/or maintaining the tolerogenic phenotype of antigen-presenting cells. We believe that our findings may indicate a potential alternative to IVIg for therapeutic intervention in case of pregnancy failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ewa Kedzierska
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland. .,Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stablowicka 147 Str., Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Daria Lorek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Slawek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Chelmonska-Soyta
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland.,Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Liang Y, Xue N, Wang X, Ding X, Fang Y. Superagonistic CD28 protects against renal ischemia injury induced fibrosis through a regulatory T-cell expansion dependent mechanism. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:407. [PMID: 31706278 PMCID: PMC6842503 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Xue
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Medical Center of Kidney, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Copsel S, Wolf D, Komanduri KV, Levy RB. The promise of CD4 +FoxP3 + regulatory T-cell manipulation in vivo: applications for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2019; 104:1309-1321. [PMID: 31221786 PMCID: PMC6601084 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.198838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a non-redundant population critical for the maintenance of self-tolerance. Over the past decade, the use of these cells for therapeutic purposes in transplantation and autoimmune disease has emerged based on their capacity to inhibit immune activation. Basic science discoveries have led to identifying key receptors on Tregs that can regulate their proliferation and function. Notably, the understanding that IL-2 signaling is crucial for Treg homeostasis promoted the hypothesis that in vivo IL-2 treatment could provide a strategy to control the compartment. The use of low-dose IL-2 in vivo was shown to selectively expand Tregs versus other immune cells. Interestingly, a number of other Treg cell surface proteins, including CD28, CD45, IL-33R and TNFRSF members, have been identified which can also induce activation and proliferation of this population. Pre-clinical studies have exploited these observations to prevent and treat mice developing autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These findings support the development of translational strategies to expand Tregs in patients. Excitingly, the use of low-dose IL-2 for patients suffering from graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune disease has demonstrated increased Treg levels together with beneficial outcomes. To date, promising pre-clinical and clinical studies have directly targeted Tregs and clearly established the ability to increase their levels and augment their function in vivo. Here we review the evolving field of in vivo Treg manipulation and its application to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishna V Komanduri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine
| | - Robert B Levy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology .,Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
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6
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Langenhorst D, Tabares P, Gulde T, Becklund BR, Berr S, Surh CD, Beyersdorf N, Hünig T. Self-Recognition Sensitizes Mouse and Human Regulatory T Cells to Low-Dose CD28 Superagonist Stimulation. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1985. [PMID: 29441059 PMCID: PMC5797646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodents, low doses of CD28-specific superagonistic monoclonal antibodies (CD28 superagonists, CD28SA) selectively activate regulatory T cells (Treg). This observation has recently been extended to humans, suggesting an option for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, a mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon is still lacking. Given that CD28SA amplify T cell receptor (TCR) signals, we tested the hypothesis that the weak tonic TCR signals received by conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconv) in the absence of cognate antigen require more CD28 signaling input for full activation than the stronger TCR signals received by self-reactive Treg. We report that in vitro, the response of mouse Treg and Tconv to CD28SA strongly depends on MHC class II expression by antigen-presenting cells. To separate the effect of tonic TCR signals from self-peptide recognition, we compared the response of wild-type Treg and Tconv to low and high CD28SA doses upon transfer into wild-type or H-2M knockout mice, which lack a self-peptide repertoire. We found that the superior response of Treg to low CD28SA doses was lost in the absence of self-peptide presentation. We also tested if potentially pathogenic autoreactive Tconv would benefit from self-recognition-induced sensitivity to CD28SA stimulation by transferring TCR transgenic OVA-specific Tconv into OVA-expressing mice and found that low-dose CD28SA application inhibited, rather than supported, their expansion, presumably due to the massive concomitant activation of Treg. Finally, we report that also in the in vitro response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to CD28SA, HLA II blockade interferes with the expansion of Treg by low-dose CD28SA stimulation. These results provide a rational basis for the further development of low-dose CD28SA therapy for the improvement of Treg activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Langenhorst
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paula Tabares
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gulde
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bryan R Becklund
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Susanne Berr
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charles D Surh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Ibrahim T, Przybyl L, Harmon AC, Amaral LM, Faulkner JL, Cornelius DC, Cunningham MW, Hünig T, Herse F, Wallukat G, Dechend R, LaMarca B. Proliferation of endogenous regulatory T cells improve the pathophysiology associated with placental ischaemia of pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28681467 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with inflammation and decreased Treg cells and IL-10. The reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of PE exhibits these characteristics, and we hypothesized that induction of endogenous Tregs by a specific stimulus (CD28 superagonistic monoclonal antibody) would reduce inflammation, vasoactive factors, and hypertension in RUPP rats. METHOD OF STUDY RUPP was performed at gestation day (GD) 14; CD28 superagonist was administered intraperitoneally GD15; GD18 carotid catheters were inserted, and GD19 MAP and pup weight, blood, and tissues were collected. RESULTS MAP (mmHg) in NP rats was 99±5 and 122±2 in RUPPs and was 111±1 mmHg in RUPP+SA. Circulating Tregs were 6±2% in NP rats and 0.77±0.49% in RUPP rats but increased to 11± 3% in RUPP+SA rats. Circulating IL-6 and IL-2 were decreased while IL-10 and TGF-B were significantly increased in RUPP+SA compared to RUPP controls. Vasoactive pathways such as ET-1, AT1-AA, and ROS were all reduced in RUPP+SA compared to RUPP. Pup weight was 2.4±0.05 mg in NP and 1.94±0.062 mg in RUPP and increased to 2.1± 0.05 mg in RUPP+SA. CONCLUSION These data suggest that stimulating endogenous Tregs lower factors causing hypertension and can improve fetal weight in response to PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lukasz Przybyl
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jessica L Faulkner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Denise C Cornelius
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mark W Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Herse
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.,HELIOS Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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8
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Abstract
A large body of evidence produced during decades of research indicates that myocardial injury activates innate immunity. On the one hand, innate immunity both aggravates ischemic injury and impedes remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). On the other hand, innate immunity activation contributes to myocardial healing, as exemplified by monocytes' central role in the formation of a stable scar and protection against intraventricular thrombi after acute infarction. Although innate leukocytes can recognize a wide array of self-antigens via pattern recognition receptors, adaptive immunity activation requires highly specific cooperation between antigen-presenting cells and distinct antigen-specific receptors on lymphocytes. We have only recently begun to examine lymphocyte activation's relationship to adaptive immunity and significance in the context of ischemic myocardial injury. There is some experimental evidence that CD4(+) T-cells contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Several studies have shown that CD4(+) T-cells, especially CD4(+) T-regulatory cells, improve wound healing after MI, whereas depleting B-cells is beneficial post MI. That T-cell activation after MI is induced by T-cell receptor signaling implicates autoantigens that have not yet been identified in this context. Also, the significance of lymphocytes in humans post MI remains unclear, primarily as a result of methodology. This review summarizes current experimental evidence of lymphocytes' activation, functional role, and crosstalk with innate leukocytes in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, wound healing, and remodeling after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hofmann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany (U.H.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle/Saale, Germany (S.F.).
| | - Stefan Frantz
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, and Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University of Würzburg, Germany (U.H.); and Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle/Saale, Germany (S.F.).
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9
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Fang Q, Gao Y, Chen M, Guo X, Yang X, Wei L. Molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza A and B viruses during winter 2013-2014 in Beijing, China. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1083-95. [PMID: 25676826 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses from patients infected during the 2013-2014 influenza season in Beijing. A phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequences of influenza A and B viruses from 18 patients (6 A(H1N1)pdm09, 4 H3N2, and 8 influenza B virus) was performed. Among the influenza A viruses, A(H1N1)pdm09 was the dominant subtype, whereas the B/Yamagata lineage was predominant for influenza B. The influenza B HA and NA strains in Beijing were dominated by reassortants derived from the Yamagata lineage and the Victoria lineage, respectively. All six A(H1N1)pdm09 strains fell into the 6B genetic group with amino acid substitutions D97N, S185T, K163Q, and A256T; the four H3N2 strains fell into genetic group 3C.3 with substitutions T128A, R142G, N145S, and V186G, and the eight influenza B strains were categorized into subgroup 3.1 and harbored an N217S mutation. Two new mutations (K180Q and G187E at the Sa and Ca antigenic sites of the H1 segment, respectively), which were not detected during the preceding influenza season, were identified. Mutations N131K, S165I, N181Y, and D212N in HA of influenza B mapped to the 120-loop, 150-loop, 160-loop, and 190-helix, respectively. Our results reveal the molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic characteristics of influenza viruses within a single geographic location and can have implications for vaccination selection in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongxuan Fang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, No. 11, Beijing, 100044, China
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10
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Na SY, Mracsko E, Liesz A, Hünig T, Veltkamp R. Amplification of Regulatory T Cells Using a CD28 Superagonist Reduces Brain Damage After Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Stroke 2015; 46:212-20. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.007756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in ischemic brain injury. Regulatory T cells (Treg) are important endogenous immune modulators. We tested the hypothesis that Treg amplification with a CD28 superagonistic monoclonal antibody (CD28SA) reduces brain damage in murine cerebral ischemia.
Methods—
Cerebral ischemia was induced by coagulation of the distal middle cerebral artery or by 60 minutes filament occlusion of the proximal middle cerebral artery in C57BL6 mice. 150 μg CD28SA was injected intraperitoneally 3 or 6 hours after ischemia onset. Outcome was determined by infarct volumetry and behavioral testing. Brain-infiltrating leukocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry 3 and 7 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Results—
CD28SA reduced infarct size in both models and attenuated functional deficit 7 days after stroke induction. Mice treated with CD28SA increased numbers of Treg in spleen and brain. Tregs were functionally active and migrated into the brain where they accumulated and proliferated in the peri-infarct area. More than 60% of brain infiltrating Treg produced interleukin-10 in CD28SA compared with 30% in control.
Conclusions—
In vivo expansion and amplification of Treg by CD28SA attenuates the inflammatory response and improves outcome after experimental stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Na
- From the Department of Neurology, University Heidelberg, Germany (S.-Y.N., E.M., A.L., R.V.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich, Germany (A.L.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (A.L.); Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University Würzburg, Germany (T.H.); and Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK (R.V.)
| | - Eva Mracsko
- From the Department of Neurology, University Heidelberg, Germany (S.-Y.N., E.M., A.L., R.V.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich, Germany (A.L.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (A.L.); Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University Würzburg, Germany (T.H.); and Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK (R.V.)
| | - Arthur Liesz
- From the Department of Neurology, University Heidelberg, Germany (S.-Y.N., E.M., A.L., R.V.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich, Germany (A.L.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (A.L.); Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University Würzburg, Germany (T.H.); and Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK (R.V.)
| | - Thomas Hünig
- From the Department of Neurology, University Heidelberg, Germany (S.-Y.N., E.M., A.L., R.V.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich, Germany (A.L.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (A.L.); Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University Würzburg, Germany (T.H.); and Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK (R.V.)
| | - Roland Veltkamp
- From the Department of Neurology, University Heidelberg, Germany (S.-Y.N., E.M., A.L., R.V.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Munich, Germany (A.L.); Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (A.L.); Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University Würzburg, Germany (T.H.); and Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London, UK (R.V.)
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Tregitope: Immunomodulation powerhouse. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:1139-46. [PMID: 25454619 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
IVIG is frequently used in the 'pre-conditioning' regimens for higher risk transplants; its effects are attributed in part to induction of Tregs. We have identified regulatory T cell (Treg) epitopes, now known as Tregitopes, in IgG, the main component of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg). Tregitopes provide one explanation for the expansion and activation of Treg cells following IVIg treatment. Tregitopes are peptides that exhibit high affinity binding to multiple human HLA Class II DR; they are conserved across IgG isotypes and mammalian species. In vitro and in vivo, for human PBMC and in animal models, Tregitopes activate Tregs. Studies to delineate the mechanism of action have shown that Tregitopes' effects are very similar to IVIg in vitro. Here we demonstrate that Tregitopes induce Tregs to produce IL-10, leading to modulation of dendritic cell phenotype (down-regulation of Class II, CD80 and CD86 and up-regulation of ILT3), and describe the effects of Tregitopes in the ABM-TCR-transgenic skin transplantation model. The discovery of Tregitopes in IgG and other autologous proteins may contribute to improved understanding of the mechanism of action of IVIg and lead to the application of these powerful immunomodulators to improve transplantation success and suppress autoimmune disease, in the future.
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Abe T, Su CA, Iida S, Baldwin WM, Nonomura N, Takahara S, Fairchild RL. Graft-derived CCL2 increases graft injury during antibody-mediated rejection of cardiac allografts. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:1753-64. [PMID: 25040187 PMCID: PMC4464804 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic role of macrophages in antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) remains unclear. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is a potent chemotactic factor for monocytes and macrophages. The current studies used a murine model of AMR to investigate the role of graft-derived CCL2 in AMR and how macrophages may participate in antibody-mediated allograft injury. B6.CCR5−/−/CD8−/− recipients rejected MHC-mismatched WT A/J allografts with high donor-reactive antibody titers and diffuse C4d deposition in the large vessels and myocardial capillaries, features consistent with AMR. In contrast, A/J.CCL2−/− allografts induced low donor-reactive antibody titers and C4d deposition at Day 7 posttransplant. Decreased donor-reactive CD4 T cells producing interferon gamma were induced in response to A/J.CCL2−/− versus WT allografts. Consequently, A/J.CCL2−/− allograft survival was modestly but significantly longer than A/J allografts. Macrophages purified from WT allografts expressed high levels of IL-1β and IL-12p40 and this expression and the numbers of classically activated macrophages were markedly reduced in CCL2-deficient allografts on Day 7. The results indicate that allograft-derived CCL2 plays an important role in directing classically activated macrophages into allografts during AMR and that macrophages are important contributors to the inflammatory environment mediating graft tissue injury in this pathology, suggesting CCL2 as a therapeutic target for AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyofumi Abe
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Charles A. Su
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Shoichi Iida
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - William M. Baldwin
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Tang L, Bai J, Chung CS, Lomas-Neira J, Chen Y, Huang X, Ayala A. Active players in resolution of shock/sepsis induced indirect lung injury: immunomodulatory effects of Tregs and PD-1. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:809-20. [PMID: 25082151 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4ma1213-647rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of PD-1 and CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs in the resolution of ALI are still poorly understood. Accordingly, 1 million Tregs were isolated from spleens of WT C57BL/6 or PD-1(-/-) mice (magnetical bead purification and subsequent labeling with/without Vybrant dye) and then AT into mice subjected to Hem shock during their resuscitation period, which were subsequently subjected to CLP/septic challenge (24 h post-Hem) to induce iALI. Initially, we demonstrated that Vybrant-labeled AT Tregs appear in the lungs of iALI mice. Subsequently, we found that AT of WT Tregs induced a significant repression of the indices of lung injury: a reduction of neutrophil influx to the lung tissue and a decrease of lung apoptosis compared with vehicle-treated iALI mice. In addition, these mice had substantially higher concentrations of BALF and lung-tissue IL-10 but significantly decreased levels of lung KC. However, these beneficial effects of the AT of Tregs were lost with the administration of PD-1(-/-) mouse Tregs to the recipient WT mice. ALI was exacerbated in these recipient mice receiving AT PD-1(-/-) Tregs to the same extent as iALI mice that did not receive Tregs. These data imply that Tregs can act directly to modify the innate immune response induced by experimental iALI, and this is mediated, in part, by PD-1. Hence, the manipulation of Tregs may represent a plausible target for treating iALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunxian Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Jianwen Bai
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tong Ji University, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joanne Lomas-Neira
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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14
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Tabares P, Berr S, Römer PS, Chuvpilo S, Matskevich AA, Tyrsin D, Fedotov Y, Einsele H, Tony H, Hünig T. Human regulatory T cells are selectively activated by low‐dose application of the CD28 superagonist TGN1412/TAB08. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1225-36. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tabares
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Susanne Berr
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Paula S. Römer
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
- TheraMAB LLC Würzburg Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Hans‐Peter Tony
- Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Hünig
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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