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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the progress in the search for the genetic determinants of severe asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Twin studies estimate that approximately 25% of the phenotypic variability in asthma severity is determined by genetic factors, with the remainder determined by nongenetic factors including environmental and psychosocial factors, behavioral traits, and comorbidities. Most genetic association studies of asthma severity performed to date are underpowered and not designed to clearly distinguish asthma severity variants from asthma susceptibility variants. However, the most recent genome-wide asthma severity association study, conducted in more than 57 000 individuals, demonstrated significant associations for 25 loci, including three not previously associated with asthma: GATA3, MUC5AC, and KIAA1109. Of these, the MUC5AC association was restricted to cohorts that included moderate-to-severe (but not mild) asthma. Additional insights from rare monogenic disorders that can present as severe asthma include recognition that loss-of-function variants in the filaggrin gene known to cause ichthyosis vulgaris are consistently associated with more severe asthma outcomes. Other notable loci of interest include RAD50-IL13 on chromosome 5q and the ORMDL3-GSDMB locus on chromosome 17q21. SUMMARY Severe asthma is a polygenic trait. Future research should explore the role of rare genetic variation and gene-by-environment interaction.
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Shakarami Z, Esmaeili Gouvrchin Ghaleh H, Mansouri Motlagh B, Sheikhian A, Jalali Kondori B. Evaluation of the protective and therapeutic effects of Pistacia atlantica gum aqueous extract on cellular and pathological aspects of experimental asthma in Balb/c mice. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2019; 9:248-259. [PMID: 31143692 PMCID: PMC6526037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of aqueous extract of P. atlantica gum on an experimental asthma in BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extract of dried and milled P. atlantica gum was assemble and evaluate by GC-MS. In order to investigate the effect of P. atlantica gum extract on cellular and pathological aspects of asthma, 60 BALB/c mice were divided into six groups as: negative control, asthmatic group, asthmatic group receiving dexamethasone (1mg/kg; intraperitoneal (IP)) and three asthmatic groups receiving different concentrations of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, orally) from the beginning of the study and continued for 84 days. The examined parameters included cell population, IgE antibody production, levels of IL-4, IL-5, TGF-β, INF-γ, IL-10, and IL-17 cytokines, and lung tissue damage. RESULTS Regardless of the dose, aqueous extract of P. atlantica gum, caused significant decrease in the number of BALF eosinophilic cells and levels of anti-ovalbumin IgE, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-17 cytokine levels, as well as pathologic damage of the lung tissue. In addition, the amount of anti-inflammatory IL-10, TGF-β, and INF-γ Th1 cytokines significantly increased in the extract-treated groups compared to the asthmatic and dexamethasone-treated groups. Moreover, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner compared to the un-treated asthma group. CONCLUSION The aqueous extract of P. atlantica gum can be considered as a potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory compound and may be used as a natural compound for treatment of immune system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Shakarami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.,Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | | | | | - Ali Sheikhian
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Tel: +989166616974, Fax: +986633120126 ,
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Morales E, Duffy D. Genetics and Gene-Environment Interactions in Childhood and Adult Onset Asthma. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:499. [PMID: 31921716 PMCID: PMC6918916 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that results from the complex interaction between genetic factors and environmental exposures that occur at critical periods throughout life. It seems plausible to regard childhood-onset and adult-onset asthma as different entities, each with a different pathophysiology, trajectory, and outcome. This review provides an overview about the role of genetics and gene-environment interactions in these two conditions. Looking at the genetic overlap between childhood and adult onset disease gives one window into whether there is a correlation, as well as to mechanism. A second window is offered by the genetics of the relationship between each type of asthma and other phenotypes e.g., obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), atopy, vitamin D levels, and inflammatory and immune status; and third, the genetic-specific responses to the many environmental exposures that influence risk throughout life, and particularly those that occur during early-life development. These represent a large number of possible combinations of genetic and environmental factors, at least 150 known genetic loci vs. tobacco smoke, outdoor air pollutants, indoor exposures, farming environment, and microbial exposures. Considering time of asthma onset extends the two-dimensional problem of gene-environment interactions to a three-dimensional problem, since identified gene-environment interactions seldom replicate for childhood and adult asthma, which suggests that asthma susceptibility to environmental exposures may biologically differ from early life to adulthood as a result of different pathways and mechanisms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morales
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Duffy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Causal relationships between adiposity and childhood asthma: bi-directional Mendelian Randomization analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:73-81. [PMID: 30026589 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Obesity and asthma are common chronic diseases and have been reported to be mutually causative. We investigated the causal direction of the relationship between adiposity and asthma using genetic markers as instrumental variables (IVs) in bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. SUBJECTS/METHODS We used data from the Taiwan Children Health Study with 24 body mass index (BMI)-single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, combined into a weighted allelic score) and 16 asthma-SNPs (combined into two weighted allelic scores, separately for asthma inflammatory and antioxidative genes) to yield genetic IVs for adiposity and asthma, respectively. RESULTS The weighted allele score for BMI was strongly associated with adiposity (p = 2 × 10-16) and active asthma (p = 0.03). The two-stage least square regression risk ratio (RR) for the effect of BMI on asthma was 1.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.07, p = 0.03). Although the weighted asthma genetic scores were significantly associated with asthma (p = 8.4 × 10-3), no association was seen for genetically instrumented asthma with BMI using MR. Central obesity was the most accurate predictor of asthma. Adiposity showed higher causal effects on asthma in boys and children with non-atopic asthma. Sensitivity analysis for MR revealed no directional genetic pleiotropy effects. The causal effect RRs of BMI on asthma were 1.04, 1.08, and 1.03 for inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger regression (slope), and weighted median methods, respectively, all in accordance with the MR estimates. CONCLUSIONS High adiposity may lead to asthma, whereas the effects of asthma on adiposity accumulation are likely to be small.
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Wang R, Lu YL, Huang HT, Qin HM, Lan Y, Wang JL, Wang CF, Wei YS. Association of interleukin 13 gene polymorphisms and plasma IL 13 level with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Cytokine 2018; 104:92-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Lee YL, Chen JH, Wang CM, Chen ML, Hwang BF. Association of Air Pollution Exposure and Interleukin-13 Haplotype with the Risk of Aggregate Bronchitic Symptoms in Children. EBioMedicine 2018; 29:70-77. [PMID: 29456163 PMCID: PMC5925581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-13(IL-13) might play an important role in driving aggregate bronchitic symptoms pathogenesis. However, none of the studies assessed the interaction between air pollutants exposure and IL-13 gene on the risk of aggregate bronchitic symptoms in non-asthma children. To assess the independent and joint effects of the exposure to air pollution and IL-13 haplotypes on the risk of aggregate bronchitic symptoms, we conducted a cross-sectional study and focused on non-asthma children. The study population consisted of 2944 children. The effect of each air pollutant on the risk of aggregate bronchitic symptoms was estimated as odds ratios per interquartile range (IQR) change. In the multiple logistic regressions, adjusted for confounding factors, the risk of chronic phlegm was associated with PM2.5 exposure (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.07–2.37 per 12.51 μg/m3 change), O3 exposure (aOR, 1.54 95% CI, 1.05–2.27 per 8.28 ppb change) and SO2 exposure (aOR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02–1.39 per 0.98 ppb change). Our study further provides the evidence that gene-environment interactions between IL-13 haplotype and O3 exposure on chronic phlegm (95% CI for interaction, 1.01–1.38). Identifying children who are more sensitive to air pollution helps us to provide them an efficient prevention to avoid aggregate bronchitic symptoms. Limited studies explored the interactions between IL-13 gene and air pollutants exposure on the risk of bronchitic symptoms. Genetic susceptibility of IL-13 may interact with O3 exposure causing the pathogenesis of bronchitic symptoms. Identifying children susceptible to air pollutants helps us to provide them an efficient prevention of bronchitic symptoms.
Genetic susceptibility may interact with specific environmental factors causing the pathogenesis of aggregate bronchitic symptoms. Limited studies have explored the interactions between Interleukin-13 (IL-13) gene and air pollutants exposure on the risk of aggregate bronchitic symptoms. Our study further provides the evidence that gene-environment interactions between IL-13 gene and O3 exposure may play an important role in aggregate bronchitic symptoms. Identifying children who are more sensitive to air pollutants helps us to provide them an efficient prevention to avoid aggregate bronchitic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No.17 Xu-Zhou Road, 516R, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Huei Chen
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health and Graduate Program, College of Public Health, China Medical University, No 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Min Wang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health and Graduate Program, College of Public Health, China Medical University, No 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Chen
- College of Human Science and Social Innovation, HungKuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City 43302, Taiwan.
| | - Bing-Fang Hwang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health and Graduate Program, College of Public Health, China Medical University, No 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Do Carpets Impair Indoor Air Quality and Cause Adverse Health Outcomes: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020184. [PMID: 29360764 PMCID: PMC5858259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several earlier studies have shown the presence of more dust and allergens in carpets compared with non-carpeted floors. At the same time, adverse effects of carpeted floors on perceived indoor air quality as well as worsening of symptoms in individuals with asthma and allergies were reported. Avoiding extensive carpet use in offices, schools, kindergartens and bedrooms has therefore been recommended by several health authorities. More recently, carpet producers have argued that former assessments were obsolete and that modern rugs are unproblematic, even for those with asthma and allergies. To investigate whether the recommendation to be cautious with the use of carpets is still valid, or whether there are new data supporting that carpet flooring do not present a problem for indoor air quality and health, we have reviewed the literature on this matter. We have not found updated peer reviewed evidence that carpeted floor is unproblematic for the indoor environment. On the contrary, also more recent data support that carpets may act as a repository for pollutants which may become resuspended upon activity in the carpeted area. Also, the use of carpets is still linked to perception of reduced indoor air quality as well as adverse health effects as previously reported. To our knowledge, there are no publications that report on deposition of pollutants and adverse health outcomes associated with modern rugs. However, due to the three-dimensional structure of carpets, any carpet will to some extent act like a sink. Thus, continued caution should still be exercised when considering the use of wall-to-wall carpeted floors in schools, kindergartens and offices, as well as in children’s bedrooms unless special needs indicate that carpets are preferable.
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Halwani R, Vazquez-Tello A, Kenana R, Al-Otaibi M, Alhasan KA, Shakoor Z, Al-Muhsen S. Association of IL-13 rs20541 and rs1295686 variants with symptomatic asthma in a Saudi Arabian population. J Asthma 2017; 55:1157-1165. [PMID: 29211635 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin 13 (IL-13) plays a critical pro-inflammatory role in asthma. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with asthma susceptibility in specific populations; however, further replicative studies in other ethnic groups are mandatory. METHODS The association between IL-13 SNPs rs762534, rs20541, rs1295686, and rs1800925 (risk alleles A, A, T, and A, respectively) and asthma predisposition in a Saudi Arabian cohort was examined via a case-control cross-sectional study. RESULTS The frequencies of alleles between asthmatics and control populations were significantly different for rs20541 and rs1295686 SNPs (p < 0.001), whereas the frequencies of genotypes between asthmatics and controls were significantly different only for rs20541. The association of the risk (minor) alleles with asthma was examined using the dominant genetic model. Individuals with at least one copy of the risk alleles A (for rs20541) and T (for rs1295686) had significantly greater odds of being asthmatic (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.39-3.26, p < 0.0001; OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.12-2.54, p = 0.008) relative to their most common homozygous genotypes. On the other hand, the minor A alleles for rs762534 and rs1800925 were not significantly associated with asthma risk. Regarding haplotype association analysis, individuals with at least one copy of the minor "risk" allele for both rs20541 and rs1295686 (CATG and CATA, respectively) had greater odds of being asthmatic relative to CGCG haplotype; however, this trend was not statistically significant (p > 0.3). CONCLUSIONS IL-13 minor T and A alleles for rs1295686 and rs20541, respectively, were associated with significantly higher risk of asthma in the Saudi Arabian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabih Halwani
- a Immunology Research Laboratory and Asthma Research Chair, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Pediatrics , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandro Vazquez-Tello
- a Immunology Research Laboratory and Asthma Research Chair, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosan Kenana
- a Immunology Research Laboratory and Asthma Research Chair, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Al-Otaibi
- c Department of Pathology , King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alhasan
- b Department of Pediatrics , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shakoor
- c Department of Pathology , King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Muhsen
- a Immunology Research Laboratory and Asthma Research Chair, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Pediatrics , College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder K Jindal
- Jindal Clinics, SCO 21, Dakshin Marg, Sector 20D, Near Guru Ravi Das Bhawan, Chandigarh 160 020, India
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Accordini S, Calciano L, Bombieri C, Malerba G, Belpinati F, Lo Presti AR, Baldan A, Ferrari M, Perbellini L, de Marco R. An Interleukin 13 Polymorphism Is Associated with Symptom Severity in Adult Subjects with Ever Asthma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151292. [PMID: 26986948 PMCID: PMC4795623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Different genes are associated with categorical classifications of asthma severity. However, continuous outcomes should be used to catch the heterogeneity of asthma phenotypes and to increase the power in association studies. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate gene regions and continuous measures of asthma severity, in adult patients from the general population. In the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (www.geird.org), 326 subjects (aged 20–64) with ever asthma were identified from the general population in Verona (Italy) between 2007 and 2010. A panel of 236 SNPs tagging 51 candidate gene regions (including one or more genes) was analysed. A symptom and treatment score (STS) and pre-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted were used as continuous measures of asthma severity. The association of each SNP with STS and FEV1% predicted was tested by fitting quasi-gamma and linear regression models, respectively, with gender, body mass index and smoking habits as potential confounders. The Simes multiple-test procedure was used for controlling the false discovery rate (FDR). SNP rs848 in the IL13 gene region (IL5/RAD50/IL13/IL4) was associated with STS (TG/GG vs TT genotype: uncorrected p-value = 0.00006, FDR-corrected p-value = 0.04), whereas rs20541 in the same gene region, in linkage disequilibrium with rs848 (r2 = 0.94) in our sample, did not reach the statistical significance after adjusting for multiple testing (TC/CC vs TT: uncorrected p-value = 0.0003, FDR-corrected p-value = 0.09). Polymorphisms in other gene regions showed a non-significant moderate association with STS (IL12B, TNS1) or lung function (SERPINE2, GATA3, IL5, NPNT, FAM13A) only. After adjusting for multiple testing and potential confounders, SNP rs848 in the IL13 gene region is significantly associated with a continuous measure of symptom severity in adult subjects with ever asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Bombieri
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Belpinati
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Lo Presti
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Baldan
- Section of Biology and Genetics, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Ferrari
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Perbellini
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto de Marco
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Li T, Ren Z, Deng Y, Wang Y, Zhou H. Lack of association between RAD50-IL13 polymorphisms and pediatric asthma susceptibility in Northeastern Han Chinese. J Asthma 2015; 53:114-8. [PMID: 26365633 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2015.1067322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RAD50-IL13 region has been recently identified as one of critical asthma susceptibility loci in genome-wide association studies, yet the role of these genetic variants or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the risk of developing asthma in Northeastern Han Chinese remains largely unknown. METHODS We conducted an association study by genotyping four SNPs (rs2244012 and rs6871536 in RAD50 as well as rs1295686 and rs1800925 in IL13) in 652 asthmatic children and age-matched 752 healthy controls from Northeastern Han Chinese to evaluate the asthma susceptibility with each individual SNP using SNaPshot genotyping method. RESULTS We did not find the allele or genotype frequency distribution of four SNPs in RAD50-IL13 region which was significantly different between asthmatic children and controls (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings first suggested that the variants in RAD50-IL13 region were not associated with asthma risk in Northeastern Han Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Li
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | | | - Ying Deng
- c Department of Emergency , The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China , and
| | - Yi Wang
- d Biotechnology Experimental Teaching Center, Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
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Gene-environment interactions in the study of asthma in the postgenomewide association studies era. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 15:70-8. [PMID: 25479314 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma is a complex disease characterized by an intricate interplay of both heritable and environmental factors. Understanding the mechanisms through which genes and environment interact represents one of the major challenges for pulmonary researchers. This review provides an overview of the recently published literature on gene-environment (G × E) interactions in asthma, with a special focus on the new methodological developments in the postgenomewide association studies (GWAS) era. RECENT FINDINGS Most recent studies on G × E interaction in asthma used a candidate-gene approach. Candidate-gene studies considering exposure to outdoor air pollutants showed significant interactions mainly with variants in the GSTP1 gene on asthma in children. G × E studies on passive and active smoking, including one genomewide interaction study, identified novel genes of susceptibility to asthma and a time-dependent effect of maternal smoking. Other recent studies on asthma found interactions between candidate genes and occupational allergen exposure and several domestic exposures such as endotoxin and gas cooking. New methods were developed to efficiently estimate G × E interaction in GWAS, and a pathway-based strategy to select an enriched gene-set for G × E studies has recently been proposed. SUMMARY The G × E studies presented in this review offer a good example on how candidate-gene approaches can complement and help in validating GWAS findings.
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Lee YL, Yen JJY, Hsu LC, Kuo NW, Su MW, Yang MF, Hsiao YP, Wang IJ, Liu FT. Association of STAT6 genetic variants with childhood atopic dermatitis in Taiwanese population. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:222-8. [PMID: 26048407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the single most common allergic disease in children. STAT6 has been noted as a hub molecule in IL-4 mediated response and AD pathogenesis. However, the association between STAT6 genetic variants and childhood AD has never been thoroughly examined. OBJECTIVE We investigate the association between STAT6 genetic variants and childhood AD risk in Taiwanese population. METHODS We used data from the Han Chinese in Beijing genome panel of International HapMap Project and the Taiwan Children Health Study cohort to investigate the association of STAT6 genetic variants and childhood AD risks. Four tagged SNPs were selected from HapMap database and rs324011 was most significantly associated with childhood AD. Subsequently, deep sequencing around rs324011 and unconditional/conditional logistic models were applied. RESULTS rs324011 showed statistical significance for the occurrence of childhood AD (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01-1.51) and rs167769 showed borderline statistical significance (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.99-1.49). Likelihood ratio tests revealed that haplotypes (rs167769/rs324011) were associated with childhood AD (global p=0.0018). T alleles of two STAT6 intron2 SNPs, rs324011 and rs167769, increased STAT6 promoter activity significantly in luciferase reporter assay. CONCLUSION T allele of rs324011 in STAT6 would increase the risk of AD occurrence in children. Haplotypes of rs324011/rs167769 were also significantly associated with childhood AD in Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | - Li-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Su
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fong Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Jen Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ferry OR, Duffy DL, Ferreira MAR. Early life environmental predictors of asthma age-of-onset. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2014; 2:141-51. [PMID: 25505548 PMCID: PMC4257759 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prevention strategies that delay the onset of asthma may improve clinical outcomes. To identify early life environmental exposures associated with asthma age-of-onset and potential genetic modifiers of these exposures, we studied 1085 subjects with physician-diagnosed asthma and disease onset at or after age two. Subjects reported retrospectively on their exposure to 17 environmental factors before the age of two. The presence of individual or combinations of these early life exposures was then tested for association with variation in asthma age-of-onset. For exposures significantly associated with age-of-onset, we tested if 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with an established association with allergic disease significantly modified the effect of the exposure. Five environmental exposures were significantly associated with variation in asthma age-of-onset after correction for multiple testing: carpet at home (P = 6 × 10−5), a serious chest illness (P = 10−4), father a cigarette smoker (P = 6 × 10−4) and direct exposure to father's smoking (P = 3 × 10−4). Individuals with early childhood asthma onset, between the ages of two and six, were 1.4-fold (CI 1.1–1.9) more likely to report having lived in a house with carpet and 2.1-fold (CI 1.3–3.5) more likely to report suffering a serious chest illness before the age of two, than asthmatics with later disease onset. We further found these individual risks to increase to 3.2-fold (CI 1.7–6.0) if carpet exposure and suffering a serious chest illness co-occurred before age two. Paternal smoking exposures were less likely to be reported by asthmatics with early when compared to later disease onset (OR 0.5, CI 0.3–0.7). There were no significant SNP interactions with these environmental exposures after correction for multiple testing. Our results suggest that disease onset in individuals at a high-risk of developing asthma can potentially be delayed by avoiding exposure to carpet at home and preventing serious chest illnesses during the first 2 years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Ferry
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane, Australia
| | - David L Duffy
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane, Australia
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