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Vázquez-Reza M, Custodia A, López-Dequidt I, Aramburu-Núñez M, Romaus-Sanjurjo D, Ouro A, Botelho J, Machado V, Iglesias-Rey R, Pías-Peleteiro JM, Leira R, Blanco J, Castillo J, Sobrino T, Leira Y. Periodontal inflammation is associated with increased circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells: a retrospective cohort study in a high vascular risk population. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2023; 14:20406223231178276. [PMID: 37360414 PMCID: PMC10285583 DOI: 10.1177/20406223231178276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the main biological mechanisms behind the link between periodontitis and atherosclerotic vascular diseases is vascular endothelial dysfunction. Particularly, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been considered a biomarker of altered vascular endothelial function. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between periodontal inflammation and increased number of circulating EPCs. Design This is retrospective cohort study. Methods In this study, 85 elderly patients with a previous history of hypertension were followed up to 12 months. A baseline full-mouth periodontal assessment was carried out, and the amount of periodontal tissue inflamed per subject was calculated as a proxy of periodontal inflammation [periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA)]. The number of circulating EPCs (CD34+/CD133+/KDR+) was determined by flow cytometry from peripheral blood samples collected at baseline and 12 months. Results Mean concentrations of CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ progenitor cells were higher in periodontitis patients than in those without periodontitis at baseline [55.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 20.8 to 90.0 versus 27.2, 95% CI = 13.6 to 40.8, p = 0.008] and 12 months (114.6, 95% CI = 53.5 to 175.7 versus 19.1, 95% CI = 10.8 to 27.4, p = 0.003). A significant increase over the follow-up was noticed in the group of subjects with periodontitis (p = 0.049) but not in the nonperiodontitis group (p = 0.819). PISA was independently associated with CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ EPCs at baseline (B coefficient = 0.031, 95% CI = 0.005 to 0.058; p = 0.021). The relationship between PISA and CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ EPCs at 12 months was confounded by increased baseline body mass index (B coefficient = 0.064, 95% CI = -0.005 to 0.132; p = 0.066). Conclusion Periodontal inflammation is associated with high number of CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ EPCs, thus supporting a potential link between periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vázquez-Reza
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía Custodia
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria López-Dequidt
- Neurology Department, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Aramburu-Núñez
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Ouro
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - João Botelho
- Periodontology Department and Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz – Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Periodontology Department and Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz – Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pías-Peleteiro
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rogelio Leira
- Neurology Department, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Blanco
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yago Leira
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Deng H, Gong Y, Chen Y, Zhang G, Chen H, Cheng T, Jin L, Wang Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide affects the angiogenic function of endothelial progenitor cells via Akt/FoxO1 signaling. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:859-868. [PMID: 35694806 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) function as the angiogenic switch of many physiological and pathological conditions. We aimed to investigate the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide on the angiogenic capacity of EPCs and delineate the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS EPCs were isolated from human umbilical blood. CCK-8 assay was undertaken to analyze the cell viability. The migration and tube formation capacity were assessed by wound healing and tube formation, respectively. The protein expression of Akt/p-Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/p-eNOS, and Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1)/p-FoxO1 was determined by Western blot. The intracellular localization of FoxO1 was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS P. gingivalis LPS at 10 μg/ml significantly increased the viability (10.9 ± 2.9%), migration (16.3 ± 3.1%), and tube formation (38.6 ± 5.5%) of EPCs, along with increased phosphorylation of Akt, eNOS, and FoxO1. Mechanistically, Akt inhibition by specific inhibitor wortmannin and FoxO1 forced expression by adenovirus transfection in EPCs markedly attenuated the P. gingivalis LPS-induced eNOS activation, tube formation, and migration. Moreover, P. gingivalis LPS-induced phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of FoxO1 were blunted by Akt inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that P. gingivalis LPS could affect the angiogenic function of EPCs through the Akt/FoxO1 signaling. The current findings may shed light on the clinical association of periodontitis with aberrant angiogenesis seen in atherosclerotic plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Deng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Gong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guigui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianfan Cheng
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Division of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Czerniuk MR, Surma S, Romańczyk M, Nowak JM, Wojtowicz A, Filipiak KJ. Unexpected Relationships: Periodontal Diseases: Atherosclerosis-Plaque Destabilization? From the Teeth to a Coronary Event. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020272. [PMID: 35205138 PMCID: PMC8869674 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Periodontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are very common around the world. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death. The main factor involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is inflammation. Therefore, a number of studies have indicated that periodontal disease (causes chronic inflammation) is a risk factor for the progression of atherosclerosis. The presence of periodontal pathogens has been found in human atherosclerotic plaques. A number of pathomechanisms have been demonstrated, thanks to which periodontal pathogens, especially Porphyromonas gingivalis, can directly increase the progression of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Observational studies found that patients with periodontal disease were at higher risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Moreover, periodontal treatment leads to a reduction in cardiovascular risk therefore taking care of oral hygiene should be an important cardiovascular disease preventive measure. Abstract Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and periodontal disease (PD) are global health problems. High frequency of ASCVD is associated with the spread of many risk factors, including poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, excessive stress, virus infection, genetic predisposition, etc. The pathogenesis of ASCVD is complex, while inflammation plays an important role. PD is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease caused by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, causing the progressive destruction of the bone and periodontal tissues surrounding the teeth. The main etiological factor of PD is the bacteria, which are capable of activating the immune response of the host inducing an inflammatory response. PD is associated with a mixed microbiota, with the evident predominance of anaerobic bacteria and microaerophilic. The “red complex” is an aggregate of three oral bacteria: Tannerella forsythia Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis responsible for severe clinical manifestation of PD. ASCVD and PD share a number of risk factors, and it is difficult to establish a causal relationship between these diseases. The influence of PD on ASCVD should be treated as a factor increasing the risk of atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and cardiovascular events. The results of observational studies indicate that PD significantly increases the risk of ASCVD. In interventional studies, PD treatment was found to have a beneficial effect in the prevention and control of ASCVD. This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge of the relationship between PD and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej R. Czerniuk
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.C.); (J.M.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Stanisław Surma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-208-83-00
| | - Monika Romańczyk
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jacek M. Nowak
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.C.); (J.M.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrzej Wojtowicz
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.C.); (J.M.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Maria-Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland;
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Isola G, Giudice AL, Polizzi A, Alibrandi A, Patini R, Ferlito S. Periodontitis and Tooth Loss Have Negative Systemic Impact on Circulating Progenitor Cell Levels: A Clinical Study. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E1022. [PMID: 31817862 PMCID: PMC6947645 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the association and impact of periodontitis and tooth loss on a subtype of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) levels (CD133+/KDR+). Furthermore, the objective was to determine if the periodontal status influenced CD133+/KDR+ levels. In all, 88 patients with periodontitis and 79 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in the study. Enrolled patients were examined and characterized by clinical and blood sample analysis. Spearman's correlation test was applied in order to assess the interdependence between CD133+/KDR+ levels and all periodontal parameters. In order to estimate a statistically significant trend (p-trend) for ordered CD133++/KDR+ quartiles, the Jonckheere-Terpstra test was applied for all variables. Patients in the periodontitis group presented significantly lower CD133+/KDR+ levels (66.4 (45.5-269.6 cells/µL)) compared to the HC group (76.7 (24.3-313.2 cells/µL), p < 0.001). Lower CD133+/KDR+ levels negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP), with the number of teeth, and with all periodontal parameters (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a proportional increase in CD133+/KDR+ levels with a progressive increase in number of teeth (p-trend < 0.001), while there was a proportional decrease in CD133+/KDR+ levels with a proportional increase in clinical attachment level (CAL, p-trend = 0.003), probing depth (PD, p-trend = 0.007), and bleeding sites (bleeding on probing (BOP), p-trend < 0.001) as an extent measure of periodontitis. This study demonstrated that patients with periodontitis presented significantly lower CD133+/KDR+ levels compared to HCs. Moreover, all patients presented an increase in the CD133+/KDR+ EPC levels with an extended level of periodontitis and tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
- Department of Biomedical, Odontostomatological Sciences and of Morphological and Functional Images, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Romeo Patini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Ferlito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy, (A.L.G.); (A.P.)
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Wang HY, Lin L, Fu W, Yu HY, Yu N, Tan LS, Cheng JW, Pan YP. Preventive effects of the novel antimicrobial peptide Nal-P-113 in a rat Periodontitis model by limiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and modulating IL-1β and TNF-α production. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:426. [PMID: 28851350 PMCID: PMC5576277 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background P-113 (AKRHHGYKRKFH-NH2) is a 12-amino-acid histidine-rich peptide derived from histatin 5 that is highly degradable in high salt concentrations and biological fluids such as serum, plasma and saliva. Nal-P-113, a novel antimicrobial peptide whose histidine residues are replaced by the bulky amino acids β-naphthylalanine, causes the antimicrobial peptide to retain its bactericidal activity even in physiological environments. This study evaluated the effect of the novel antimicrobial peptide Nal-P-113 in a rat periodontitis model and the mechanisms of action of Nal-P-113 for suppressing periodontitis. Methods Periodontitis was induced in mandibular first molars in rats receiving a ligature and infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Animals were randomly divided into six groups: a, P. gingivalis W83 alone; b, P. gingivalis W83 with 6.25 μg/mL of Nal-P-113; c, P. gingivalis W83 with 25 μg/mL of Nal-P-113; d, P. gingivalis W83 with 100 μg/mL of Nal-P-113; e, P. gingivalis W83 with 400 μg/mL of Nal-P-113; and f, control without P. gingivalis W83 or Nal-P-113. Morphometric analysis was used to evaluate alveolar bone loss. Microbiological assessment of the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and total bacteria was performed using absolute quantitative real-time PCR and scanning electron microscopy. Gingival tissue was collected for western blot and immunohistochemical assays of IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Results Alveolar bone loss was inhibited by 100 μg/mL or 400 μg/mL of Nal-P-113 compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Lower amounts of P. gingivalis and total bacteria were found in groups d and e compared with group a (P < 0.05). A decrease in the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α was detected in group d and group e compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The amount of P. gingivalis was positively correlated with IL-1β and TNF-α expression in periodontal tissue (P < 0.05). Conclusions Nal-P-113 exhibited protective effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis in rats by limiting the amount of bacteria and modulating IL-1β and TNF-α production. The use of Nal-P-113 in vivo might serve as a beneficial preventive or therapeutic approach for periodontitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1931-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Song B, Zhang YL, Chen LJ, Zhou T, Huang WK, Zhou X, Shao LQ. The role of Toll-like receptors in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2016; 23:168-180. [PMID: 26923115 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common infectious disease. Recent studies have indicated that the progression of periodontitis may be regulated by interactions between host immunity and periodontopathic bacteria. Although periodontopathic bacteria can destroy periodontal tissue, a dysfunctional host immune response triggered by the bacteria can lead to more severe and persistent destruction. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a type of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that recognizes pathogens, have been implicated in host innate immune responses to periodontopathic bacteria and in the activation of adaptive immunity. TLR-targeted drugs may hold promise to treat periodontal disease. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of TLRs in periodontitis and discusses areas needing further research. We believe TLRs may be an effective biomarker for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontitis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Song
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L J Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - W K Huang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - X Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - L Q Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Periodontal disease and carotid atherosclerosis: A meta-analysis of 17,330 participants. Int J Cardiol 2016; 203:1044-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jönsson D, Spinell T, Vrettos A, Stoecklin-Wasmer C, Celenti R, Demmer RT, Kebschull M, Papapanou PN. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in periodontitis. J Periodontol 2015; 85:1739-47. [PMID: 25101916 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several biologically plausible mechanisms have been proposed to mediate the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic vascular disease (AVD), including adverse effects on vascular endothelial function. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (cEPCs) are known to contribute to vascular repair, but limited data are available regarding the relationship between cEPC levels and periodontitis. The aims of this cross-sectional study are to investigate the levels of hemangioblastic and monocytic cEPCs in patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls and to associate cEPC levels with the extent and severity of periodontitis. METHODS A total of 112 individuals (56 patients with periodontitis and 56 periodontally healthy controls, aged 26 to 65 years; mean age: 43 years) were enrolled. All participants underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination and provided a blood sample. Hemangioblastic cEPCs were assessed using flow cytometry, and monocytic cEPCs were identified using immunohistochemistry in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. cEPC levels were analyzed in the entire sample, as well as in a subset of 50 pairs of patients with periodontitis/periodontally healthy controls, matched with respect to age, sex, and menstrual cycle. RESULTS Levels of hemangioblastic cEPCs were approximately 2.3-fold higher in patients with periodontitis than periodontally healthy controls, after adjustments for age, sex, physical activity, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index (P = 0.001). A non-significant trend for higher levels of monocytic cEPCs in periodontitis was also observed. The levels of hemangioblastic cEPCs were positively associated with the extent of bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss. Hemangioblastic and monocytic cEPC levels were not correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.03, P = 0.77), suggesting that they represent independent populations of progenitor cells. CONCLUSION These findings further support the notion that oral infections have extraoral effects and document that periodontitis is associated with a mobilization of EPCs from the bone marrow, apparently in response to systemic inflammation and endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jönsson
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Mazzucchelli I, Lisini D, Garofoli F, Dragoni S, Angelini M, Pozzi M, Bonetti E, Tzialla C, Kramer BW, Spinillo A, Maccario R, Rosti V, Moccia F, Borghesi A, Stronati M. Expression and function of toll-like receptors in human circulating endothelial colony forming cells. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Periodontal diseases are the most common human diseases globally, with gingivitis affecting up to 90% and periodontitis affecting 50% of adults. Tooth enamel is the only nonshedding tissue in the human body. In the absence of proper oral hygiene measures, microbial biofilm (dental plaque) develops on the teeth to include more than 700 different bacterial species, along with viruses, fungi, archea, and parasites. With time, ecological imbalances promote the growth of selected commensal species that induce host inflammatory pathways resulting in tissue destruction, including ulceration of the periodontal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche S Borgnakke
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Room# G049, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
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Tuleta I, França CN, Wenzel D, Fleischmann B, Nickenig G, Werner N, Skowasch D. Hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice; effects of infliximab and L-glutathione. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:400-10. [PMID: 25150938 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has been implicated as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia in apoE-/- mice serving as model of OSA on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress and to evaluate the reversibility of hypoxia-induced changes under anti-inflammatory infliximab and anti-oxidative l-glutathione. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were divided into 4 groups (n = 9 each): 1. intermittent hypoxia 8 h/day for 6 weeks, 2. intermittent hypoxia + injections of infliximab, 3. intermittent hypoxia + injections of l-glutathione, 4. normoxia = control. RESULTS Endothelial function was impaired under hypoxia compared to control. Application of infliximab and l-glutathione improved it to a level of control. The percentage of endothelial microparticles increased under hypoxia compared to other groups. Levels of NADPH oxidase 2-derived reactive oxygen species were approximately 9 times higher in the hypoxia group. The number of sca-1/flk-1+ endothelial progenitor cells was higher in bone marrow and lower in blood under hypoxia vs. other groups. Stromal cell derived factor-1alpha- and matrix metalloproteinase-9-dependent release of these cells from bone marrow was attenuated under hypoxia. The number of DilacLDL+/lectin + early outgrowth progenitor cells and that of colony forming units from these cells were higher under hypoxia. Atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta were more frequent under hypoxia and control in comparison with both drug groups. CONCLUSION Intermittent hypoxia contributes to endothelial dysfunction by the local increase in reactive oxygen species and reduction of the peripheral repair capacity. Infliximab and l-glutathione prevent hypoxia-induced vascular and extravascular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Tuleta
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Carolina Nunes França
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Department of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikos Werner
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Skowasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, Pulmonology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Transglutaminase 2 is essential for adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis to host cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5355-60. [PMID: 24706840 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1402740111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major causative agent of periodontitis, and it may also be involved in the development of systemic diseases (atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis). P. gingivalis is found on and within oral and gingival epithelial cells following binding to surface components of host cells, which serve as receptors for the bacterium. Evidence is presented in this study that shows that transglutaminase 2 (TG2) plays a critical role in the adherence of P. gingivalis to host cells. Studies of confocal microscopy indicate colocalization of P. gingivalis with TG2 on the surface of HEp-2 epithelial cells, with clusters of TG2 seen at bacterial attachment sites. By silencing the expression of TG2 with siRNA in HEp-2 cells, P. gingivalis association was greatly diminished. The bacterium does not bind well to a mouse fibroblast cell line that produces low amounts of surface TG2, but binding can be restored by introduction of TG2 expressed on a plasmid. TG2 can form very tight complexes with fibronectin (FN), and the complementary binding sites of the two proteins are known. A synthetic peptide that mimics the main FN-binding sequence of TG2 blocks the formation of TG2-FN complexes and is highly effective in inhibiting adherence of P. gingivalis to host cells. These findings provide evidence of a role for cell-surface TG2 in bacterial attachment and subsequent internalization.
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Moradi J, Abbasipour F, Zaringhalam J, Maleki B, Ziaee N, Khodadoustan A, Janahmadi M. Anethole, a Medicinal Plant Compound, Decreases the Production of Pro-Inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β in a Rat Model of LPS-Induced Periodontitis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2014; 13:1319-25. [PMID: 25587321 PMCID: PMC4232798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is known to be one of most prevalent worldwide chronic inflammatory diseases. There are several treatments including antibiotics for PD; however, since drug resistance is an increasing problem, new drugs particularly derived from plants with fewer side effects are required. The effects of trans-anethole on IL-1 β and TNF-α level in a rat model of PD were investigated and compared to ketoprofen. Eschericia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 µg) was injected bilaterally into the palatal gingiva (3 µL/site) between the upper first and second molars every two days for 10 days in anesthetized rats. Administration of either trans-anethole (10 or 50 mg/Kg, i.p.) or ketoprofen (10 mg/Kg, i.p.) was started 20 minute before LPS injection and continued for 10 days. Then, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were measured in blood samples by ELISA at day 0 (control) and at day 10. Anethole at both concentrations significantly suppressed IL-1β and TNF-α production when compared to LPS-treated rats. The suppressive effects of anethole on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines were almost similar as seen with ketoprofen. In conclusion, the present results suggest that anethole may have a potent inhibitory effect on PD through suppression of pro-inflammatory molecules; therefore it could be a novel therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Moradi
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Abbasipour
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Dental Faculty, Semnan Unversity of Medical Sciences, Senman, Iran. ,Corresponding Authors: and
| | - Jalal Zaringhalam
- Neurophysiology Research Centre (NPRC) and Department of Physiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bita Maleki
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Narges Ziaee
- Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amin Khodadoustan
- Private Practice in Periodontics and Implant Surgery, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mahyar Janahmadi
- Neurophysiology Research Centre (NPRC) and Department of Physiology, Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran. ,Corresponding Authors: and
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Wagner NM, Bierhansl L, Butschkau² A, Noeldge-Schomburg G, Roesner JP, Vollmar B. TLR2-deficiency of cKit+ bone marrow cells is associated with augmented potency to stimulate angiogenic processes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:2813-2823. [PMID: 24294367 PMCID: PMC3843261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-deficiency is associated with the preservation of vascular function and TLR2-deficient (TLR2(-/-)) mice exhibit increased neovascularization following induction of hindlimb ischemia. Hematopoietic stem cells play an important role in ischemia-induced angiogenesis and we now investigated whether the effects observed in TLR2(-/-) mice may be attributed to TLR2 deficiency on bone marrow-derived stem cells. APPROACH AND RESULTS cKit-positive (cKit(+)) bone marrow cells (BMC) were isolated from wild type (WT) and TLR2(-/-) mice employing MACS-bead technology. Co-incubation of TLR2(-/-)cKit(+) BMC with mature endothelial cells (ECs) resulted in increased tube formation of ECs on matrigel, augmented sprouting in a 3D-collagen matrix and increased migratory capacity compared to co-incubation with WT cKit(+) BMC. In an in vivo matrigel plug assay, TLR2(-/-)cKit(+) BMC exhibited enhanced formation of capillary-like networks. In a murine model of hindlimb ischemia, administration of TLR2(-/-) cKit(+) BMC to WT mice augmented capillary density and reperfusion of ischemic M. gastrocnemius muscle tissue to the level of TLR2(-/-) mice. Western Blot analysis revealed comparable expression of CXCR4 on TLR2(-/-)cKit(+) BMC but increased activation of the PI3K downstream signaling molecule protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) compared to WT cKit(+) cells. CONCLUSIONS The absence of TLR2 on cKit(+) BMC is associated with augmented potency to support angiogenic processes in vitro and in vivo. Functional inhibition of TLR2 may therefore provide a novel tool to enhance stem cell function for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana-Maria Wagner
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital RostockRostock, Germany
| | - Laura Bierhansl
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital RostockRostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Patrick Roesner
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital RostockRostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Hospital RostockRostock, Germany
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