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Pimple U, Leadprathom K, Simonetti D, Sitthi A, Peters R, Pungkul S, Pravinvongvuthi T, Dessard H, Berger U, Siri-On K, Kemacheevakul P, Gond V. Assessing mangrove species diversity, zonation and functional indicators in response to natural, regenerated, and rehabilitated succession. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115507. [PMID: 35738125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The United Nations Decade on Ecosystem restoration (2021¬-2030) lists mangrove ecosystems as a restoration priority. Interest in their conservation has increased recently due to their widespread degradation. Anthropogenic stressors and rehabilitation practices, specifically, have resulted in a significant decline in their species compositions. We investigated the knowledge gaps in terms of potential spatial diversity, intertidal zonation, and the historic state of mangrove forest species, and tested the role of environmental factors such as topography, as well as rehabilitation practices on diversity. Diversity and complexity indices, surface elevation, and species and structural diversities along three simplified transect lines over a broad geographical area and under various management practices were analyzed in Trat province, Thailand. Quantitative statistical zonation analyses within each transect and at the landscape-scale were performed using randomization tests and hierarchical cluster analysis. A modified "automatic regrowth monitoring algorithm (ARMA)," based on Landsat (1987-2020) and Sentinel-2 MSI (2015-2020) annual median composites was also used. Fifteen species were identified, with Ceriops tagal as the dominant species. Statistical analysis, however, failed to identify any significant zonation patterns at transect or landscape-scales at specific elevations. Rehabilitated and naturally regenerated stands showed gradual increases in their Normalized Difference Infrared Index over time. After 30 years, the rehabilitated stands made up of Rhizophoraceae monocultures were the same height as the adjacent natural stands. Depending on the location and propagule availability, the diversity and structure of regenerated stands exhibited high variation. Effluent from shrimp farms may have contributed to the disturbance of the forest stands and changes in shrimp farming practices could have facilitated their recovery. The results of the present study provide a valuable diversity baseline for the study site and secondary succession in rehabilitated and regenerated mangroves. The ARMA algorithm has also been confirmed as a valuable tool for future investigations of secondary succession and mangrove biodiversity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Pimple
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment and Centre of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand; CIRAD, UPR Forests and Societies (F&S), Campus International de Baillarguet, TA C-105/D, Montpellier 34398, Cedex 5, France.
| | - Kumron Leadprathom
- Royal Forest Department, 61 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | - Asamaporn Sitthi
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Ronny Peters
- Institute of Forest Growth and Computer Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Straße 8, 01737 Tharandt, Germany.
| | - Sukan Pungkul
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, 61 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Tamanai Pravinvongvuthi
- Office of Mangrove Conservation, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, 120 Moo 3, Floor 7, Government Complex Building B Chaeng Wattana Road Thungsonghong, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Hélène Dessard
- CIRAD, UPR Forests and Societies (F&S), Campus International de Baillarguet, TA C-105/D, Montpellier 34398, Cedex 5, France.
| | - Uta Berger
- Institute of Forest Growth and Computer Sciences, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Straße 8, 01737 Tharandt, Germany.
| | - Kraiwut Siri-On
- Royal Forest Department, 61 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Patiya Kemacheevakul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Prachauthit Rd., Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
| | - Valery Gond
- CIRAD, UPR Forests and Societies (F&S), Campus International de Baillarguet, TA C-105/D, Montpellier 34398, Cedex 5, France; Forests and Societies, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
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2
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Deep-sea infauna with calcified exoskeletons imaged in situ using a new 3D acoustic coring system (A-core-2000). Sci Rep 2022; 12:12101. [PMID: 35896776 PMCID: PMC9329462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep ocean is Earth’s largest habitable space inhabited by diverse benthic organisms. Infauna play crucial roles in shaping sedimentary structures, relocating organic matter, porewater chemistry, and hence biogeochemical cycles. However, the visualization and quantification of infauna in situ inside deep-sea sediment has been challenging, due to their sparse distribution and that deep-sea cameras do not visualize animals living below the sediment surface. Here, we newly developed a 3D acoustic “coring” system and applied it to visualize and detect burrowing bivalves in deep-sea sediments. The in situ acoustic observation was conducted at a dense colony of vesicomyid clams in a hydrocarbon seep in Sagami Bay, Japan, focusing on a patch of juvenile clams with a completely infaunal life style. We clearly observed strong backscatters from the top and lower edges of animals in our 3D acoustic data. At least 17 reflectors were identified in the survey area (625 cm2), interpreted to correspond to living clams. The estimated depths of the lower edge of clams ranged between 41 and 98 mm. The acoustic system presented here is effective for detecting and monitoring infauna with calcified exoskeletons. This novel tool will help us better assess and understand the distribution of deep-sea infauna, particularly those groups with hard exoskeletons, as well as biogeochemical cycles.
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Slater SM, Bown P, Twitchett RJ, Danise S, Vajda V. Global record of "ghost" nannofossils reveals plankton resilience to high CO 2 and warming. Science 2022; 376:853-856. [PMID: 35587965 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm7330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Predictions of how marine calcifying organisms will respond to climate change rely heavily on the fossil record of nannoplankton. Declines in calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and nannofossil abundance through several past global warming events have been interpreted as biocalcification crises caused by ocean acidification and related factors. We present a global record of imprint-or "ghost"-nannofossils that contradicts this view, revealing exquisitely preserved nannoplankton throughout an inferred Jurassic biocalcification crisis. Imprints from two further Cretaceous warming events confirm that the fossil records of these intervals have been strongly distorted by CaCO3 dissolution. Although the rapidity of present-day climate change exceeds the temporal resolution of most fossil records, complicating direct comparison with past warming events, our findings demonstrate that nannoplankton were more resilient to past events than traditional fossil evidence suggests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam M Slater
- Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Bown
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Richard J Twitchett
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Silvia Danise
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Vivi Vajda
- Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
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Pelletier M, Cobb D, Rocha K, Ho KT, Cantwell MG, Perron M, Charpentier MA, Buffum HW, Hale SS, Burgess RM. Benthic macroinvertebrate community response to environmental changes over seven decades in an urbanized estuary in the northeastern United States. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105323. [PMID: 33862568 PMCID: PMC8292207 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Narragansett Bay is representative of New England, USA urbanized estuaries, with colonization in the early 17th century, and development into industrial and transportation centers in the late 18th and early 20th century. Increasing nationwide population and lack of infrastructure maintenance led to environmental degradation, and then eventual improvement after implementation of contaminant control and sewage treatment starting in the 1970s. Benthic macroinvertebrate community structure was expected to respond to these environmental changes. This study assembled data sets from the 1950s through 2010s to examine whether quantitative aggregate patterns in the benthic community corresponded qualitatively to stressors and management actions in the watershed. In Greenwich Bay and Providence River, patterns of benthic response corresponded to the decline and then improvement in sewage treatment at the Fields Point wastewater treatment plant. In Mount Hope Bay, the benthos corresponded to changes in bay fish populations due to thermal discharge from the Brayton Point power plant. The benthos of the Upper West Passage corresponded to climatic changes that caused regime shifts in the plankton and fish communities. Future work will examine the effects of further environmental improvements in the face of continued climatic changes and population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Pelletier
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Science Division, Narragansett, RI, USA.
| | - Donald Cobb
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Science Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Kenneth Rocha
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Science Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Kay T Ho
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Science Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Mark G Cantwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Science Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Monique Perron
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Office of Pesticide Programs, Health Effects Division, Arlington, VA, USA
| | | | - Henry W Buffum
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Stephen S Hale
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Science Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
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5
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Piazza V, Ullmann CV, Aberhan M. Ocean warming affected faunal dynamics of benthic invertebrate assemblages across the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in the Iberian Basin (Spain). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242331. [PMID: 33296368 PMCID: PMC7725388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (TOAE; Early Jurassic, ca. 182 Ma ago) represents one of the major environmental disturbances of the Mesozoic and is associated with global warming, widespread anoxia, and a severe perturbation of the global carbon cycle. Warming-related dysoxia-anoxia has long been considered the main cause of elevated marine extinction rates, although extinctions have been recorded also in environments without evidence for deoxygenation. We addressed the role of warming and disturbance of the carbon cycle in an oxygenated habitat in the Iberian Basin, Spain, by correlating high resolution quantitative faunal occurrences of early Toarcian benthic marine invertebrates with geochemical proxy data (δ18O and δ13C). We find that temperature, as derived from the δ18O record of shells, is significantly correlated with taxonomic and functional diversity and ecological composition, whereas we find no evidence to link carbon cycle variations to the faunal patterns. The local faunal assemblages before and after the TOAE are taxonomically and ecologically distinct. Most ecological change occurred at the onset of the TOAE, synchronous with an increase in water temperatures, and involved declines in multiple diversity metrics, abundance, and biomass. The TOAE interval experienced a complete turnover of brachiopods and a predominance of opportunistic species, which underscores the generality of this pattern recorded elsewhere in the western Tethys Ocean. Ecological instability during the TOAE is indicated by distinct fluctuations in diversity and in the relative abundance of individual modes of life. Local recovery to ecologically stable and diverse post-TOAE faunal assemblages occurred rapidly at the end of the TOAE, synchronous with decreasing water temperatures. Because oxygen-depleted conditions prevailed in many other regions during the TOAE, this study demonstrates that multiple mechanisms can be operating simultaneously with different relative contributions in different parts of the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Piazza
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens V. Ullmann
- University of Exeter, Camborne School of Mines, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Aberhan
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Hainey MAH, Emlet RB. Gorgonocephalus eucnemis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) and Bursal Ventilation. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2020; 238:193-205. [PMID: 32597717 DOI: 10.1086/709575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The basket star Gorgonocephalus eucnemis is an aerobic organism highly dependent on dissolved oxygen in surrounding waters. Previous observations on the anatomy of Gorgonocephalus state that five pairs of ossicles (the radial shields and genital plates) regulate the position of the roof of the body disc and are responsible for flushing seawater into and out of the bursae, though this seems never to have been empirically tested. In the current study, rates of bursal ventilation were investigated in response to an increase in the availability of food and, separately, exposure to hypoxic levels of dissolved oxygen. When fed with suspended krill particles, basket stars increased rates of bursal ventilation, ranging from 13% to 155%, resulting in a similar increase in volume of water moved in and out of bursae. This rate remained elevated for an average of 25 minutes after active feeding ended. Bursal ventilation rates also increased significantly (~60% average increase) when basket stars were exposed to hypoxic conditions (dissolved oxygen ≤ 3.5 mg O2 L-1 = 2.45 mL O2 L-1). Some specimens exhibited a loss of coordination in hypoxic conditions. All specimens recovered and resumed a normal rate of bursal ventilation when returned to normoxic conditions. Measurements show that dissolved oxygen levels decreased from outside to inside bursae and suggest that dissolved oxygen is absorbed in bursae during bursal ventilations. Increasing rates of bursal ventilation may help meet the increased oxygen demands when feeding and may help animals endure some exposures to hypoxia.
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Warm afterglow from the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event drives the success of deep-adapted brachiopods. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6549. [PMID: 32300235 PMCID: PMC7162941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many aspects of the supposed hyperthermal Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE, Early Jurassic, c. 182 Ma) are well understood but a lack of robust palaeotemperature data severely limits reconstruction of the processes that drove the T-OAE and associated environmental and biotic changes. New oxygen isotope data from calcite shells of the benthic fauna suggest that bottom water temperatures in the western Tethys were elevated by c. 3.5 °C through the entire T-OAE. Modelling supports the idea that widespread marine anoxia was induced by a greenhouse-driven weathering pulse, and is compatible with the OAE duration being extended by limitation of the global silicate weathering flux. In the western Tethys Ocean, the later part of the T-OAE is characterized by abundant occurrences of the brachiopod Soaresirhynchia, which exhibits characteristics of slow-growing, deep sea brachiopods. The unlikely success of Soaresirhynchia in a hyperthermal event is attributed here to low metabolic rate, which put it at an advantage over other species from shallow epicontinental environments with higher metabolic demand.
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Rita P, Nätscher P, Duarte LV, Weis R, De Baets K. Mechanisms and drivers of belemnite body-size dynamics across the Pliensbachian-Toarcian crisis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190494. [PMID: 31903197 PMCID: PMC6936285 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Body-size reduction is considered an important response to current climate warming and has been observed during past biotic crises, including the Pliensbachian-Toarcian crisis, a second-order mass extinction. However, in fossil cephalopod studies, the mechanisms and their potential link with climate are rarely investigated and palaeobiological scales of organization are not usually differentiated. Here, we hypothesize that belemnites reduce their adult size across the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary warming event. Belemnite body-size dynamics across the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary in the Peniche section (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal) were analysed based on the newly collected field data. We disentangle the mechanisms and the environmental drivers of the size fluctuations observed from the individual to the assemblage scale. Despite the lack of a major taxonomic turnover, a 40% decrease in rostrum volume is observed across the Pliensbachian-Toarcian boundary, before the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event where belemnites go locally extinct. The pattern is mainly driven by a reduction in adult size of the two dominant species, Pseudohastites longiformis and Passaloteuthis bisulcata. Belemnite-size distribution is best correlated with fluctuations in a palaeotemperature proxy (stable oxygen isotopes); however, potential indirect effects of volcanism and carbon cycle perturbations may also play a role. This highlights the complex interplay between environmental stressors (warming, deoxygenation, nutrient input) and biotic variables (productivity, competition, migration) associated with these hyperthermal events in driving belemnite body-size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rita
- Geozentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
- MARE (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre), 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Author for correspondence: Patrícia Rita e-mail:
| | - Paulina Nätscher
- Geozentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Luís V. Duarte
- MARE (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre), 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3070-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Robert Weis
- National Museum of Natural History Luxembourg, Department of Palaeontology, 2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Kenneth De Baets
- Geozentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
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9
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Calosi P, Putnam HM, Twitchett RJ, Vermandele F. Marine Metazoan Modern Mass Extinction: Improving Predictions by Integrating Fossil, Modern, and Physiological Data. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2019; 11:369-390. [PMID: 30216738 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Evolution, extinction, and dispersion are fundamental processes affecting marine biodiversity. Until recently, studies of extant marine systems focused mainly on evolution and dispersion, with extinction receiving less attention. Past extinction events have, however, helped shape the evolutionary history of marine ecosystems, with ecological and evolutionary legacies still evident in modern seas. Current anthropogenic global changes increase extinction risk and pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems, which are critical for human use and sustenance. The evaluation of these threats and the likely responses of marine ecosystems requires a better understanding of evolutionary processes that affect marine ecosystems under global change. Here, we discuss how knowledge of ( a) changes in biodiversity of ancient marine ecosystems to past extinctions events, ( b) the patterns of sensitivity and biodiversity loss in modern marine taxa, and ( c) the physiological mechanisms underpinning species' sensitivity to global change can be exploited and integrated to advance our critical thinking in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Calosi
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec G5L 3A1, Canada; ,
| | - Hollie M Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA;
| | - Richard J Twitchett
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom;
| | - Fanny Vermandele
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec G5L 3A1, Canada; ,
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10
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Dunhill AM, Foster WJ, Azaele S, Sciberras J, Twitchett RJ. Modelling determinants of extinction across two Mesozoic hyperthermal events. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.0404. [PMID: 30355705 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Late Triassic and Early Toarcian extinction events are both associated with greenhouse warming events triggered by massive volcanism. These Mesozoic hyperthermals were responsible for the mass extinction of marine organisms and resulted in significant ecological upheaval. It has, however, been suggested that these events merely involved intensification of background extinction rates rather than significant shifts in the macroevolutionary regime and extinction selectivity. Here, we apply a multivariate modelling approach to a vast global database of marine organisms to test whether extinction selectivity varied through the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. We show that these hyperthermals do represent shifts in the macroevolutionary regime and record different extinction selectivity compared to background intervals of the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. The Late Triassic mass extinction represents a more profound change in selectivity than the Early Toarcian extinction but both events show a common pattern of selecting against pelagic predators and benthic photosymbiotic and suspension-feeding organisms, suggesting that these groups of organisms may be particularly vulnerable during episodes of global warming. In particular, the Late Triassic extinction represents a macroevolutionary regime change that is characterized by (i) the change in extinction selectivity between Triassic background intervals and the extinction event itself; and (ii) the differences in extinction selectivity between the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William J Foster
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Sandro Azaele
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James Sciberras
- OnCorps, Exeter House, Lower Station Approach, Temple Meads, Bristol BS1 6QS, UK
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11
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Danise S, Holland SM. Faunal response to sea-level and climate change in a short-lived seaway: Jurassic of the Western Interior, USA. PALAEONTOLOGY 2017; 60:213-232. [PMID: 28781385 PMCID: PMC5518760 DOI: 10.1111/pala.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how regional ecosystems respond to sea-level and environmental perturbations is a main challenge in palaeoecology. Here we use quantitative abundance estimates, integrated within a sequence stratigraphic and environmental framework, to reconstruct benthic community changes through the 13 myr history of the Jurassic Sundance Seaway in the western United States. Sundance Seaway communities are notable for their low richness and high dominance relative to most areas globally in the Jurassic, and this probably reflects steep temperature and salinity gradients along the 2000 km length of the Seaway that hindered colonization of species from the open ocean. Ordination of samples shows a main turnover event at the Middle-Upper Jurassic transition, which coincided with a shift from carbonate to siliciclastic depositional systems in the Seaway, probably initiated by northward drift from subtropical latitudes to more humid temperate latitudes, and possibly global cooling. Turnover was not uniform across the onshore-offshore gradient, but was higher in offshore environments. The higher resilience of onshore communities to third-order sea-level fluctuations and to the change from a carbonate to a siliciclastic system was driven by a few abundant eurytopic species that persisted from the opening to the closing of the Seaway. Lower stability in offshore facies was instead controlled by the presence of more volatile stenotopic species. Such increased onshore stability in community composition contrasts with the well-documented onshore increase in taxonomic turnover rates, and this study underscores how ecological analyses of relative abundance may contrast with taxonomically based analyses. We also demonstrate the importance of a stratigraphic palaeobiological approach to reconstructing the links between environmental and faunal gradients, and how their evolution through time produces local stratigraphic changes in community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Danise
- Department of GeologyUniversity of Georgia210 Field StreetAthensGA30602‐2501USA
- School of Geography, Earth & Environmental SciencesPlymouth UniversityDrake CircusPlymouthPL4 8AAUK
| | - Steven M. Holland
- Department of GeologyUniversity of Georgia210 Field StreetAthensGA30602‐2501USA
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12
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Zhang Y, Wu H, Wei L, Xie Z, Guan B. Effects of hypoxia in the gills of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum using NMR-based metabolomics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 114:84-89. [PMID: 27587234 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coastal hypoxia affects the survival, behavior, and reproduction of individual local marine organisms, and the abundance, biomass, and biodiversity of coastal ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the chronic effects of hypoxia on the metabolomics in the gills of Ruditapes (R.) philippinarum. The results indicated significant alterations in the metabolite profiles in the gills of the hypoxia-treated clams, in comparison with those maintained under normoxia. The levels of betaine, taurine, glycine, isoleucine, and alanine were significantly reduced, suggesting a disturbance of osmotic balance associated with hypoxia. Meanwhile, metabolites involved in energy metabolism, such as alanine and succinate, were also affected. Dramatic histopathological changes were observed in the gills and hepatopancreases of R. philippinarum grown in hypoxic waters, demonstrating tissue damages apparently caused by long-term exposure to hypoxia. Our findings suggest that hypoxia significantly affects the physiology of R. philippinarum, even at a sub-lethal level, and impedes health of the clams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zeping Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Bo Guan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Yantai 264003, China
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13
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Wang C, Zhai W, Shan B. Oxygen microprofile in the prepared sediments and its implication for the sediment oxygen consuming process in a heavily polluted river of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8634-8643. [PMID: 26797955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) microprofiles of prepared sediments from 24 sampling sites in the Fuyang River were measured using a gold amalgam microelectrode in this study. The measured microprofiles can be divided into four types. In type I profiles, DO kept constant in the overlying water and decreased smoothly in the pore water; in type II profile, DO showed fluctuation in the pore water; in type III profiles, DO showed peak in the SWI; in type IV profiles, DO decreased obviously in the overlying water. Type I profiles indicated the absence of benthic organisms and thus the degradation of the sediment habitat. Type II and III profiles indicated the activity of benthic animal and epipelic algae, which is common in the healthy aquatic sediment. Type IV profiles indicated that the excessive accumulation of pollutants in the sediment and thus the serious sediment pollution. There are nine sites showing type I profile, three sites showing type II profile, nine sites showing type III profile, and three sites showing type IV profile in the Fuyang River. The dominance of type I and appearance of type IV indicated that sediment oxygen consumption processes in the Fuyang River were strongly influenced by the sediment pollutants release and the vanish of benthic organisms. The pharmacy, metallurgy, and curriery industries may contribute to the sediment deterioration and thus to the occurrence of type I and type IV oxygen profiles in the Fuyang River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Changjiang Water Resource Protection Institution, Wuhan, 430051, China.
| | - Wanying Zhai
- Yangtze Valley Water Environment Monitoring Center, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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