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Alrubie TM, Alamri AM, Almutairi BO, Alrefaei AF, Arafah MM, Alanazi M, Semlali A, Almutairi MH. Higher Expression Levels of SSX1 and SSX2 in Patients with Colon Cancer: Regulated In Vitro by the Inhibition of Methylation and Histone Deacetylation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050988. [PMID: 37241221 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Colon cancer (CC) has a high mortality rate and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the identification and characterization of potential new cancer-specific biomarkers are imperative for improving the diagnosis of CC by detecting it at an early stage. Cancer-testis (CT) genes have been identified as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of various cancers. Among the CT genes are those belonging to the SSX family. In order to assess the usefulness of SSX family genes as cancer biomarkers for the detection of early-stage CC, the goal of this research was to validate the expressions of these genes in patients with CC and in matched patients with normal colons (NCs). Materials and Methods: RT-PCR assays were used to analyze the SSX1, SSX2, and SSX3 family gene expression levels in 30 neighboring NC and CC tissue samples from male Saudi patients. Epigenetic alterations were also tested in vitro using qRT-PCR analysis to determine whether reduced DNA methyltransferase or histone deacetylation could stimulate SSX gene expression via 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin treatments, respectively. Results: The RT-PCR results showed SSX1 and SSX2 gene expression in 10% and 20% of the CC tissue specimens, respectively, but not in any of the NC tissue specimens. However, no SSX3 expression was detected in any of the examined CC or NC tissue samples. In addition, the qRT-PCR results showed significantly higher SSX1 and SSX2 expression levels in the CC tissue samples than in the NC tissue samples. The 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin treatments significantly induced the mRNA expression levels of the SSX1, SSX2, and SSX3 genes in the CC cells in vitro. Conclusions: These findings suggest that SSX1 and SSX2 are potentially suitable candidate biomarkers for CC. Their expressions can be regulated via hypomethylating and histone deacetylase treatments, subsequently providing a potential therapeutic target for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki M Alrubie
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alamri
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed F Alrefaei
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Arafah
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alanazi
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 Rue de la Terrasse, Local 1758, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Almutairi MH, Alrubie TM, Almutairi BO, Alamri AM, Alrefaei AF, Arafah MM, Alanazi M, Semlali A. The Expression Patterns of Human Cancer-Testis Genes Are Induced through Epigenetic Drugs in Colon Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1319. [PMID: 36355490 PMCID: PMC9692864 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of human germline genes is restricted to the germ cells of the gonads, which produce sperm and eggs. The germline genes involved in testis development and potentially activated in cancer cells are known as cancer-testis (CT) genes. These genes are potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers, as well as drivers of the oncogenic process. CT genes can be reactivated by treatment with drugs that demethylate DNA. The majority of the existing literature on CT gene activation focuses on X-chromosome-produced CT genes. We tested the hypothesis that epigenetic landscape changes, such as DNA methylation, can alter several CT gene expression profiles in cancer and germ cells. METHODS Colon cancer (CC) cell lines were treated with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, or with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA). The effects of these epigenetic treatments on the transcriptional activation of previously published CT genes (CTAG1A, SCP2D1, TKTL2, LYZL6, TEX33, and ACTRT1) and testis-specific genes (NUTM1, ASB17, ZSWIM2, ADAM2, and C10orf82) were investigated. RESULTS We found that treatment of CC cell lines with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or TSA correlated with activation of X-encoded CT genes and non-X-encoded CT genes in somatic (non-germline) cells. CONCLUSION These findings confirm that a subset of CT genes can be regulated by hypomethylating drugs and subsequently provide a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Alrubie
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O. Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alamri
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahed F. Alrefaei
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. Arafah
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alanazi
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 Rue de la Terrasse, Local 1758, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Diacofotaki A, Loriot A, De Smet C. Identification of Tissue-Specific Gene Clusters Induced by DNA Demethylation in Lung Adenocarcinoma: More Than Germline Genes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041007. [PMID: 35205751 PMCID: PMC8870412 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Loss of DNA methylation is often observed in human tumors, but how this epigenetic alteration impacts the transcriptome of cancer cells remains largely undefined. So far, DNA hypomethylation in tumors has been associated with aberrant activation of a germline-specific gene expression program. Here, we exploited transcriptomic and methylomic datasets of lung adenocarcinoma to investigate the possibility that other gene expression programs also become ectopically activated in hypomethylated tumors. Remarkably, we found that DNA hypomethylation in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with ectopic activation of not only germline-specific genes, but also gene clusters displaying specific expression in the gastrointestinal tract, or in stratified epithelia. Interestingly, expression of genes in this latter group was of prognostic value. Together, our study brings novel insight into the transcriptomic changes associated with DNA hypomethylation in tumors, and is an incentive to explore the value of hypomethylated DNA sequences as cancer biomarkers. Abstract Genome-wide loss of DNA methylation is commonly observed in human cancers, but its impact on the tumor transcriptome remains ill-defined. Previous studies demonstrated that this epigenetic alteration causes aberrant activation of a germline-specific gene expression program. Here, we examined if DNA hypomethylation in tumors also leads to de-repression of gene clusters with other tissue specificities. To this end, we explored transcriptomic and methylomic datasets from human lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines, normal lung, and lung alveolar type II cells, considered as the origin of LUAD. Interestingly, DNA demethylation in LUAD cell lines was associated with activation of not only germline-specific (CG) genes, but also gene clusters displaying specific expression in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), or in stratified epithelia (SE). Consistently, genes from all three clusters showed highly specific patterns of promoter methylation among normal tissues and cell types, and were generally sensitive to induction by a DNA demethylating agent. Analysis of TCGA datasets confirmed that demethylation and activation of CG, GI and SE genes also occurs in vivo in LUAD tumor tissues, in association with global genome hypomethylation. For genes of the GI cluster, we demonstrated that HNF4A is a necessary factor for transcriptional activation following promoter demethylation. Interestingly, expression of several SE genes, in particular FAM83A, correlated with both tumor grade and reduced patient survival. Together, our study uncovers novel cell-type specific gene clusters that become aberrantly activated in LUAD tumors in association with genome-wide hypomethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Diacofotaki
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.D.); (A.L.)
| | - Axelle Loriot
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.D.); (A.L.)
- Group of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles De Smet
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.D.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Transcriptional overlap links DNA hypomethylation with DNA hypermethylation at adjacent promoters in cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17346. [PMID: 34462486 PMCID: PMC8405634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor development involves alterations in DNA methylation patterns, which include both gains (hypermethylation) and losses (hypomethylation) in different genomic regions. The mechanisms underlying these two opposite, yet co-existing, alterations in tumors remain unclear. While studying the human MAGEA6/GABRA3 gene locus, we observed that DNA hypomethylation in tumor cells can lead to the activation of a long transcript (CT-GABRA3) that overlaps downstream promoters (GABRQ and GABRA3) and triggers their hypermethylation. Overlapped promoters displayed increases in H3K36me3, a histone mark deposited during transcriptional elongation and known to stimulate de novo DNA methylation. Consistent with such a processive mechanism, increases in H3K36me3 and DNA methylation were observed over the entire region covered by the CT-GABRA3 overlapping transcript. Importantly, experimental induction of CT-GABRA3 by depletion of DNMT1 DNA methyltransferase, resulted in a similar pattern of regional DNA hypermethylation. Bioinformatics analyses in lung cancer datasets identified other genomic loci displaying this process of coupled DNA hypo/hypermethylation, and some of these included tumor suppressor genes, e.g. RERG and PTPRO. Together, our work reveals that focal DNA hypomethylation in tumors can indirectly contribute to hypermethylation of nearby promoters through activation of overlapping transcription, and establishes therefore an unsuspected connection between these two opposite epigenetic alterations.
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Fain JS, Van Tongelen A, Loriot A, De Smet C. Epigenetic Coactivation of MAGEA6 and CT-GABRA3 Defines Orientation of a Segmental Duplication in the Human X Chromosome. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 159:12-18. [PMID: 31593956 DOI: 10.1159/000502933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome harbors many duplicated segments, which sometimes show very high sequence identity. This may complicate assignment during genome assembly. One such example is in Xq28, where the arrangement of 2 recently duplicated segments varies between genome assembly versions. The duplicated segments comprise highly similar genes, including MAGEA3 and MAGEA6, which display specific expression in testicular germline cells, and also become aberrantly activated in a variety of tumors. Recently, a new gene was identified, CT-GABRA3, the transcription of which initiates inside the segmental duplication but extends far outside. According to the latest genome annotation, CT- GABRA3 starts near MAGEA3, with which it shares a bidirectional promoter. In an earlier annotation, however, the duplicated segment was positioned in the opposite orientation, and CT-GABRA3 was instead coupled with MAGEA6. To resolve this discrepancy, and based on the contention that genes connected by a bidirectional promoter are almost always co-expressed, we decided to compare the expression profiles of CT-GABRA3, MAGEA3, and MAGEA6. We found that in tumor tissues and cell lines of different origins, the expression of CT-GABRA3 was better correlated with that of MAGEA6. Moreover, in a cellular model of experimental induction with a DNA demethylation agent, activation CT-GABRA3 was associated with that of MAGEA6, but not with that of MAGEA3. Together these results support a connection between CT-GABRA3 and MAGEA6 and illustrate how promoter-sharing genes can be exploited to resolve genome assembly uncertainties.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
- Gene Duplication/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Genome, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Segmental Duplications, Genomic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Li S, Ma Y, Xiong Y, Zhang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang Y. Five tumor-associated autoantibodies expression levels in serum predict lung cancer and associate with poor outcome. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:1364-1373. [PMID: 35116879 PMCID: PMC8798311 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.07.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aims to evaluate diagnostic feasibility of the tumor-associated autoantibodies and their clinical significance in lung cancer. Methods Blood samples were collected from 352 lung cancer patients and 226 healthy individuals. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression of autoantibodies in 69 cases of lung cancer tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the five autoantibodies levels in serum from lung cancer patients and healthy controls. Results Higher expression of GAGE7, MAGEA1, PGP9.5, CAGE and p53 were found in lung cancer tissues than normal tissues from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database. The expression levels of the five tumor-associated autoantibodies in lung cancer tissues were positively associated with those statuses in serum. There were significantly higher levels of each autoantibody in lung cancer patients than healthy individuals. The area under curve (AUC) for GAGE7, MAGEA1, PGP9.5, CAGE and p53 in diagnosis of lung cancer were 0.787, 0.641, 0.873, 0.825 and 0.749, respectively. With combination of these five autoantibodies by the logistic regression model, 0.891 of AUC was shown. In addition, the level of each autoantibody was increased in the advanced stage. Particularly, the level of PGP9.5 was significantly higher in the advanced T stage, N stage and TNM stage and CAGE was significantly elevated in the advanced N stage. Conclusions Summarily, autoantibodies levels of GAGE7, MAGEA1, PGP9.5, CAGE and p53 in serum could be used for the diagnosis of lung cancer and PGP9.5 may predict poor prognosis for the patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolei Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jilin Guowen Hospital, Gongzhulin City, Siping 136100, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jilin Guowen Hospital, Gongzhulin City, Siping 136100, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Zhao J, Wang Y, Liang Q, Xu Y, Sang J. MAGEA1 inhibits the expression of BORIS via increased promoter methylation. J Cell Sci 2018; 132:jcs.218628. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.218628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigen A1 (MAGEA1) and BORIS are members of the cancer testis antigens (CTA) family. Their functions and expression regulation mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we revealed new functions and regulatory mechanisms of MAGEA1 and BORIS in breast cancer cells, which were investigated in parental and genetically manipulated breast cancer cells via gene overexpression or siRNA interference-mediated down-regulation. We identified the interaction between MAGEA1 and CTCF, which was required for the binding of MAGEA1 to BORIS promoter and critical for the recruitment of DNMT3a. A protein complex containing MAGEA1, CTCF and DNMT3a will be formed before or after the conjunction with BORIS promoter. The binding of this complex to the BORIS promoter accounts for the hypermethylation and repression of BORIS expression, which results in cell death in the breast cancer cell lines tested. Multiple approaches are employed, including co-IP, GST-pull down, co-localization, cell death analyses using the Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and caspase3 activation assays, ChIP and bisulfite sequencing PCR assays for methylation. These results have implications in the development of strategies in CTA-based immune therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianjin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St. R4-W037, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jianli Sang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Li Q, Jia N, Tao X, Hua K, Feng W. The expression and significance of histone lysine methylation in endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6210-6216. [PMID: 29113269 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications of lysine residues have been implicated as having diagnostic and/or prognostic significance in numerous types of cancer. In the present study, the significance of the histone H3 methylation of lysine 4 (H3K4) and lysine 27 (H3K27) were investigated in endometrial cancer. Specifically, immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the cellular expression levels of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and H3K4 dimethylation (H3K4me2) in glandular epithelial tissues and stromal tissues. The association between the methylation levels of histone markers and clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. The results demonstrated that in epithelial cells, H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 exhibited the highest levels in endometrial cancer, followed by precancerous lesions and a normal endometrium. Low expression levels of H3K4me2 in glandular epithelium of endometrial cancer were significantly associated with a clinical early International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P=0.006). For stromal tissues, the expression level of H3K27me3 in Type 1 endometrial cancer was significantly lower compared with that in the normal endometrium (P=0.043) and precancerous lesions (P<0.001). The expression level of H3K4me2 was significantly lower in the stroma of Type 1 and 2 cancer compared within the normal endometrium (P=0.005). A low H3K4me3 expression level in the stroma of endometrial cancer tissues was associated with P53-negativity (P=0.032). In conclusion, the cellular expression levels of histone H3 methylation were differentially presented in glandular epithelial and stromal elements in endometrial tissues. A low expression level of activation marker H3K4me2 in glandular epithelium defined a subset of patients with early-stage endometrial adenocarcinoma and may have potential prognostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Tao
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Disease, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Van Tongelen A, Loriot A, De Smet C. Oncogenic roles of DNA hypomethylation through the activation of cancer-germline genes. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:130-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Semik E, Ząbek T, Gurgul A, Fornal A, Szmatoła T, Pawlina K, Wnuk M, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Koch C, Mählmann K, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Comparative analysis of DNA methylation patterns of equine sarcoid and healthy skin samples. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:37-46. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Semik
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - T. Ząbek
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - A. Gurgul
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - A. Fornal
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - T. Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - K. Pawlina
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - M. Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences; University of Rzeszow; Rzeszow Poland
| | - J. Klukowska-Rötzler
- Division of Pedriatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern and Agroscope; Bern Switzerland
| | - C. Koch
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern and Agroscope; Bern Switzerland
| | - K. Mählmann
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern and Agroscope; Bern Switzerland
- Equine Clinic, General Surgery and Radiology; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
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Zhang W, Barger CJ, Link PA, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Miller A, Akers SN, Odunsi K, Karpf AR. DNA hypomethylation-mediated activation of Cancer/Testis Antigen 45 (CT45) genes is associated with disease progression and reduced survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. Epigenetics 2016; 10:736-48. [PMID: 26098711 PMCID: PMC4622579 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1062206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly lethal malignancy due to a lack of early detection approaches coupled with poor outcomes for patients with clinically advanced disease. Cancer-testis (CT) or cancer-germline genes encode antigens known to generate spontaneous anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. CT45 genes are a recently discovered 6-member family of X-linked CT genes with oncogenic function. Here, we determined CT45 expression in EOC and fully defined its epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation. CT45 was silent and hypermethylated in normal control tissues, but a large subset of EOC samples showed increased CT45 expression in conjunction with promoter DNA hypomethylation. In contrast, copy number status did not correlate with CT45 expression in the TCGA database for EOC. CT45 promoter methylation inversely correlated with both CT45 mRNA and protein expression, the latter determined using IHC staining of an EOC TMA. CT45 expression was increased and CT45 promoter methylation was decreased in late-stage and high-grade EOC, and both measures were associated with poor survival. CT45 hypomethylation was directly associated with LINE-1 hypomethylation, and CT45 was frequently co-expressed with other CT antigen genes in EOC. Decitabine treatment induced CT45 mRNA and protein expression in EOC cells, and promoter transgene analyses indicated that DNA methylation directly represses CT45 promoter activity. These data verify CT45 expression and promoter hypomethylation as possible prognostic biomarkers, and suggest CT45 as an immunological or therapeutic target in EOC. Treatment with decitabine or other epigenetic modulators could provide a means for more effective immunological targeting of CT45.
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Key Words
- CNA, copy number alteration
- CT antigen genes, cancer-testis or cancer-germline antigen genes
- CT45
- DAC, decitabine, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine
- DFS, disease-free survival
- DNA methylation
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- EOC, epithelial ovarian cancer
- FTE, normal fallopian tube epithelia
- HGSOC, high-grade serous ovarian cancer
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- NO, bulk normal ovary
- OS, overall survival
- OSE, normal ovary surface epithelia
- RLM-RACE, 5′ RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends
- RNA-seq, RNA sequencing
- TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas
- TMA, tissue microarray
- TSS, transcription start site
- cancer germline genes
- cancer testis antigen genes
- decitabine
- epithelial ovarian cancer
- tumor antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa Zhang
- a Eppley Institute; University of Nebraska Medical Center ; Omaha , NE USA
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Wang D, Wang J, Ding N, Li Y, Yang Y, Fang X, Zhao H. MAGE-A1 promotes melanoma proliferation and migration through C-JUN activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:959-965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cannuyer J, Van Tongelen A, Loriot A, De Smet C. A gene expression signature identifying transient DNMT1 depletion as a causal factor of cancer-germline gene activation in melanoma. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:114. [PMID: 26504497 PMCID: PMC4620642 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many human tumors show aberrant activation of a group of germline-specific genes, termed cancer-germline (CG) genes, several of which appear to exert oncogenic functions. Although activation of CG genes in tumors has been linked to promoter DNA demethylation, the mechanisms underlying this epigenetic alteration remain unclear. Two main processes have been proposed: awaking of a gametogenic program directing demethylation of target DNA sequences via specific regulators, or general deficiency of DNA methylation activities resulting from mis-targeting or down-regulation of the DNMT1 methyltransferase. Results By the analysis of transcriptomic data, we searched to identify gene expression changes associated with CG gene activation in melanoma cells. We found no evidence linking CG gene activation with differential expression of gametogenic regulators. Instead, CG gene activation correlated with decreased expression of a set of mitosis/division-related genes (ICCG genes). Interestingly, a similar gene expression signature was previously associated with depletion of DNMT1. Consistently, analysis of a large set of melanoma tissues revealed that DNMT1 expression levels were often lower in samples showing activation of multiple CG genes. Moreover, by using immortalized melanocytes and fibroblasts carrying an inducible anti-DNMT1 small hairpin RNA (shRNA), we demonstrate that transient depletion of DNMT1 can lead to long-term activation of CG genes and repression of ICCG genes at the same time. For one of the ICCG genes (CDCA7L), we found that its down-regulation in melanoma cells was associated with deposition of repressive chromatin marks, including H3K27me3. Conclusions Together, our observations point towards transient DNMT1 depletion as a causal factor of CG gene activation in vivo in melanoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0147-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cannuyer
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Van Tongelen
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Axelle Loriot
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles De Smet
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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CD20-negative diffuse large B cell lymphoma: a comprehensive analysis of 695 cases. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3619-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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16
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Clinicopathologic features of plasmablastic lymphoma: Single-center series of 8 cases from Saudi Arabia. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:78. [PMID: 26108914 PMCID: PMC4479229 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Characterized by its aggressive nature and plasmacytic differentiation, PBL remains a therapeutic and diagnostic challenge; it generally has a poor prognosis with very few long-term survivors and most patients dying within 2 years from initial presentation. PBL has been reported in several other countries; however, there have been no reported cases from Saudi Arabia. Here, we report 8 cases of PBL depicting the clinical presentation, immunocompetency, immunphenotypic characterization, diagnostic challenges and treatment outcome. METHODS The medical records were reviewed for clinical presentation, staging, laboratory data, radiological studies, treatments, and outcomes. A broad immunohistochemical panel consisting of CD45, CD3, CD20, CD79a, Pax5, CD38, CD138, MUM1, EMA, Kappa, Lambda, CD 56, CD30, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, Alk-1, Ki-67, EBV-LMP-1, and HHV8 was performed. RESULTS The tumors predominantly exhibited immunoblastic/plasmablastic or plasmacytic morphologic features and had a plasma cell-like immunophenotype. All cases were immunoreactive for CD38, CD138 and MUM1 confirming plasma cell differentiation of the tumor cells. CD20 was negative for all cases; whereas CD79a and Pax5 were weakly positive in 2cases. All 8 cases were EBV-LMP-1/EBER-1 negative, and 1 case was HHV8 positive. Similar to previously published studies, PBL in Saudi Arabia is characterized by male predominance (6/8), median age 51.5 years (mean age 46 years), associated with early dissemination, poor response to therapy, and limited survival (average survival time, 6.4 months, median overall survival 5.5 months). However, it does have some unique features. It occurs more commonly in immunocompetent persons (6/8, 75%), is not associated with EBV infection (0/8), and nodal involvement (either primary or secondary) is common among patients (6/8). In addition, extra-oral sites are more common than oral/nasal cavities (7/8) and the c-myc gene is not common (1/8, 12.5%). CONCLUSION It appears that PBL is heterogeneous in terms of clinical presentation and morphology. PBL is a therapeutic challenge with a clinical course that is characterized by its high rate of relapse and death. To date, treatment responses are usually partial and temporary. Therapies that are more intensive than CHOP do not seem to prolong survival. Further research is needed to understand the biology and molecular pathogenesis of PBL in order to improve therapies. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1465801416161912.
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17
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Identification of a class of human cancer germline genes with transcriptional silencing refractory to the hypomethylating drug 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Oncoscience 2014; 1:745-50. [PMID: 25594001 PMCID: PMC4278271 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bona fide germline genes have expression restricted to the germ cells of the gonads. Testis-specific germline development-associated genes can become activated in cancer cells and can potentially drive the oncogenic process and serve as therapeutic/biomarker targets; such germline genes are referred to as cancer/testis genes. Many cancer/testis genes are silenced via hypermethylation of CpG islands in their associated transcriptional control regions and become activated upon treatment with DNA hypomethylating agents; such hypomethylation-induced activation of cancer/testis genes provides a potential combination approach to augment immunotherapeutics. Thus, understanding cancer/testis gene regulation is of increasing clinical importance. Previously studied cancer/testis gene activation has focused on X chromosome encoded cancer/testis genes. Here we find that a sub-set of non-X encoded cancer/testis genes are silenced in non-germline cells via a mechanism that is refractory to epigenetic dysregulation, including treatment with the hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and the histone deacetylase inhibitor tricostatin A. These findings formally indicate that there is a sub-group of the clinically important cancer/testis genes that are unlikely to be activated in clinical therapeutic approaches using hypomethylating agents and it indicates a unique transcriptional silencing mechanism for germline genes in non-germline cells that might provide a target mechanism for new clinical therapies.
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18
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Yilmaz-Ozcan S, Sade A, Kucukkaraduman B, Kaygusuz Y, Senses KM, Banerjee S, Gure AO. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the dynamic expression of cancer-testis genes, PAGE2, -2B and SPANX-B, during mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107905. [PMID: 25229454 PMCID: PMC4168264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-testis (CT) genes are expressed in various cancers but not in normal tissues other than in cells of the germline. Although DNA demethylation of promoter-proximal CpGs of CT genes is linked to their expression in cancer, the mechanisms leading to demethylation are unknown. To elucidate such mechanisms we chose to study the Caco-2 colorectal cancer cell line during the course of its spontaneous differentiation in vitro, as we found CT genes, in particular PAGE2, -2B and SPANX-B, to be up-regulated during this process. Differentiation of these cells resulted in a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) as evidenced by the gain of epithelial markers CDX2, Claudin-4 and E-cadherin, and a concomitant loss of mesenchymal markers Vimentin, Fibronectin-1 and Transgelin. PAGE2 and SPAN-X up-regulation was accompanied by an increase in Ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2) expression and cytosine 5-hydroxymethylation as well as the disassociation of heterochromatin protein 1 and the polycomb repressive complex 2 protein EZH2 from promoter-proximal regions of these genes. Reversal of differentiation resulted in down-regulation of PAGE2, -2B and SPANX-B, and induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, demonstrating the dynamic nature of CT gene regulation in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Yilmaz-Ozcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli Sade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Baris Kucukkaraduman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kaygusuz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerem Mert Senses
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sreeparna Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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Kumari D, Usdin K. Polycomb group complexes are recruited to reactivated FMR1 alleles in Fragile X syndrome in response to FMR1 transcription. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6575-83. [PMID: 25055869 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The FMR1 gene is subject to repeat mediated-gene silencing when the CGG-repeat tract in the 5' UTR exceeds 200 repeat units. This results in Fragile X syndrome, the most common heritable cause of intellectual disability and a major cause of autism spectrum disorders. The mechanism of gene silencing is not fully understood, and efforts to reverse this gene silencing have had limited success. Here, we show that the level of trimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 27, a hallmark of the activity of EZH2, a component of repressive Polycomb Group (PcG) complexes like PRC2, is increased on reactivation of the silenced allele by either the DNA demethylating agent 5-azadeoxycytidine or the SIRT1 inhibitor splitomicin. The level of H3K27me3 increases and decreases in parallel with the FMR1 mRNA level. Furthermore, reducing the levels of the FMR1 mRNA reduces the accumulation of H3K27me3. This suggests a model for FMR1 gene silencing in which the FMR1 mRNA generated from the reactivated allele acts in cis to repress its own transcription via the recruitment of PcG complexes to the FMR1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daman Kumari
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease, Laboratory of Cell and molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen Usdin
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease, Laboratory of Cell and molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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20
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Loriot A, Van Tongelen A, Blanco J, Klaessens S, Cannuyer J, van Baren N, Decottignies A, De Smet C. A novel cancer-germline transcript carrying pro-metastatic miR-105 and TET-targeting miR-767 induced by DNA hypomethylation in tumors. Epigenetics 2014; 9:1163-71. [PMID: 25089631 PMCID: PMC4164501 DOI: 10.4161/epi.29628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome hypomethylation is a common epigenetic alteration in human tumors, where it often leads to aberrant activation of a group of germline-specific genes, commonly referred to as “cancer-germline” genes. The cellular functions and tumor promoting potential of these genes remain, however, largely uncertain. Here, we report identification of a novel cancer-germline transcript (CT-GABRA3) displaying DNA hypomethylation-dependent activation in various tumors, including melanoma and lung carcinoma. Importantly, CT-GABRA3 harbors a microRNA (miR-105), which has recently been identified as a promoter of cancer metastasis by its ability to weaken vascular endothelial barriers following exosomal secretion. CT-GABRA3 also carries a microRNA (miR-767) with predicted target sites in TET1 and TET3, two members of the ten-eleven-translocation family of tumor suppressor genes, which are involved in the conversion of 5-methylcytosines to 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC) in DNA. Decreased TET activity is a hallmark of cancer; here, we provide evidence that aberrant activation of miR-767 contributes to this phenomenon. We demonstrate that miR-767 represses TET1/3 mRNA and protein expression and regulates genomic 5hmC levels. Additionally, we show that high CT-GABRA3 transcription correlates with reduced TET1 mRNA levels in vivo in lung tumors. Together, our study identified a cancer-germline gene that produces microRNAs with oncogenic potential. Moreover, our data indicate that DNA hypomethylation in tumors can contribute to reduced 5hmC levels via activation of a TET-targeting microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Loriot
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics; de Duve Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Van Tongelen
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics; de Duve Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics; de Duve Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Klaessens
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics; de Duve Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Cannuyer
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics; de Duve Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas van Baren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd; Centre du Cancer des Cliniques; Universitaires Saint-Luc; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anabelle Decottignies
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics; de Duve Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles De Smet
- Group of Genetics and Epigenetics; de Duve Institute; Université Catholique de Louvain; Brussels, Belgium
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Besaratinia A, Tommasi S. Epigenetics of human melanoma: promises and challenges. J Mol Cell Biol 2014; 6:356-67. [PMID: 24895357 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mju027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer with rising incidence and mortality rates. Although early-stage melanoma is highly curable, advanced-stage melanoma is refractory to treatment. This underscores the importance of prevention and early detection as well as the need to improve treatment and prognostication of human melanoma. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the initiation and progression of human melanoma can help identify potential targets of intervention for prevention, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of this disease. Aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications are the best-established epigenetic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The occurrence of epigenetic changes prior to clinical diagnosis of cancer and their reversibility through pharmacologic/genetic approaches offer a promising avenue for basic and translational research on human melanoma. Candidate gene(s) or genome-wide aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications have been observed in human melanoma tumor tissues and cell lines, and correlated to cellular and functional characteristics and/or clinicopathological features of this malignancy. The present review summarizes the published researches on aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications in connection with human melanoma. Representative studies are highlighted to set forth the current state of knowledge, gaps in the knowledgebase, and future directions in these epigenetic fields of research. Examples of epigenetic therapy applied for human melanoma in vitro, and the challenges of its in vivo application for clinical treatment of solid tumors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Besaratinia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Stella Tommasi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, M/C 9603, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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22
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Norouzitallab P, Baruah K, Vandegehuchte M, Van Stappen G, Catania F, Bussche JV, Vanhaecke L, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P. Environmental heat stress induces epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of robustness in parthenogenetic
Artemia
model. FASEB J 2014; 28:3552-63. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-252049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Norouzitallab
- Laboratory of AquacultureGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Artemia Reference CenterGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Kartik Baruah
- Laboratory of AquacultureGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Artemia Reference CenterGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Michiel Vandegehuchte
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic EcologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Gilbert Van Stappen
- Laboratory of AquacultureGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Artemia Reference CenterGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Francesco Catania
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | | | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical AnalysisGhent UniversityMerelbekeBelgium
| | - Patrick Sorgeloos
- Laboratory of AquacultureGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Artemia Reference CenterGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of AquacultureGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Artemia Reference CenterGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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James SR, Cedeno CD, Sharma A, Zhang W, Mohler JL, Odunsi K, Wilson EM, Karpf AR. DNA methylation and nucleosome occupancy regulate the cancer germline antigen gene MAGEA11. Epigenetics 2013; 8:849-63. [PMID: 23839233 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MAGEA11 is a cancer germline (CG) antigen and androgen receptor co-activator. Its expression in cancers other than prostate, and its mechanism of activation, has not been reported. In silico analyses reveal that MAGEA11 is frequently expressed in human cancers, is increased during tumor progression, and correlates with poor prognosis and survival. In prostate and epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), MAGEA11 expression was associated with promoter and global DNA hypomethylation, and with activation of other CG genes. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and/or histone deacetylases (HDACs) activated MAGEA11 in a cell line specific manner. MAGEA11 promoter activity was directly repressed by DNA methylation, and partially depended on Sp1, as pharmacological or genetic targeting of Sp1 reduced MAGEA11 promoter activity and endogenous gene expression. Importantly, DNA methylation regulated nucleosome occupancy specifically at the -1 positioned nucleosome of MAGEA11. Methylation of a single Ets site near the transcriptional start site (TSS) correlated with -1 nucleosome occupancy and, by itself, strongly repressed MAGEA11 promoter activity. Thus, DNA methylation regulates nucleosome occupancy at MAGEA11, and this appears to function cooperatively with sequence-specific transcription factors to regulate gene expression. MAGEA11 regulation is highly instructive for understanding mechanisms regulating CG antigen genes in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha R James
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Roswell Park Cancer Institute; Buffalo, NY USA
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Brocato J, Costa M. Basic mechanics of DNA methylation and the unique landscape of the DNA methylome in metal-induced carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:493-514. [PMID: 23844698 PMCID: PMC3871623 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.794769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an intricate role in the regulation of gene expression and events that compromise the integrity of the methylome may potentially contribute to disease development. DNA methylation is a reversible and regulatory modification that elicits a cascade of events leading to chromatin condensation and gene silencing. In general, normal cells are characterized by gene-specific hypomethylation and global hypermethylation, while cancer cells portray a reverse profile to this norm. The unique methylome displayed in cancer cells is induced after exposure to carcinogenic metals such as nickel, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium (VI). These metals alter the DNA methylation profile by provoking both hyper- and hypo-methylation events. The metal-stimulated deviations to the methylome are possible mechanisms for metal-induced carcinogenesis and may provide potential biomarkers for cancer detection. Development of therapies based on the cancer methylome requires further research including human studies that supply results with larger impact and higher human relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Brocato
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
| | - Max Costa
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Road, NY 10987, USA
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25
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Yang T, Qiu H, Bao W, Li B, Lu C, Du G, Luo X, Wang L, Wan X. Epigenetic inactivation of EFEMP1 is associated with tumor suppressive function in endometrial carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67458. [PMID: 23840707 PMCID: PMC3696089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE EFEMP1, the epidermal growth factor-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1, functions as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the cancer types. In this study, we aim to determine whether EFEMP1 affects the tumorigenesis and progression of endometrial carcinoma. METHODS The expression of EFEMP1 was investigated using immunohistochemistry in a panel of normal endometrium (n = 40), atypical hyperplasia (n = 10) and endometrial carcinoma tissues (n = 84). Methylation status of the EFEMP1 promoter was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulphite genomic sequencing. Up- or down-regulation of EFEMP1 were achieved by stable or transient transfection with pCMV6/GFP/Neo-EFEMP1 or pGPU6/GFP/Neo-shEFEMP1 respectively. Effects of EFEMP1 on tumor proliferation, invasion and migration were evaluated by MTT, plate colony formation, Transwell and wound healing assay. The nude mouse tumor xenograft assay was used to investigate function of EFEMP1 in vivo. RESULTS Compared with normal endometrium (32/40) and atypical hyperplasia (7/10), EFEMP1 expression was much lower in endometrial carcinoma tissues (16/84) (P<0.001 and P = 0.02). EFEMP1 promoter was hypermethylated in endometrial carcinoma tissues (67%) as compared to normal tissue (10%) and down-regulation of EFEMP1 was associated with promoter hypermethylation. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) and/or trichostatin A (TSA) altered EFEMP1 methylation status, and restored EFEMP1 expression. Moreover, EFEMP1 decreased secretion of MMPs and inhibited tumor cell proliferation, metastasis and invasion in vitro and suppressed tumorigenesis in nude mice. Besides, EFEMP1 increased expression of E-cadherin and suppressed expression of vimentin in endometrial carcinoma. CONCLUSION EFEMP1 is a new candidate tumor suppressor gene in endometrial carcinoma, and is frequently silenced by promoter hypermethylation. It could inhibit tumor growth and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings propose that targeting EFEMP1 might offer future clinical utility in endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bilan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiqiang Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of the Center of Research Laboratory, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (XW)
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (XW)
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