1
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McNeale D, Esquirol L, Okada S, Strampel S, Dashti N, Rehm B, Douglas T, Vickers C, Sainsbury F. Tunable In Vivo Colocalization of Enzymes within P22 Capsid-Based Nanoreactors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17705-17715. [PMID: 36995754 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from bacteriophage P22 have been explored as biomimetic catalytic compartments. In vivo colocalization of enzymes within P22 VLPs uses sequential fusion to the scaffold protein, resulting in equimolar concentrations of enzyme monomers. However, control over enzyme stoichiometry, which has been shown to influence pathway flux, is key to realizing the full potential of P22 VLPs as artificial metabolons. We present a tunable strategy for stoichiometric control over in vivo co-encapsulation of P22 cargo proteins, verified for fluorescent protein cargo by Förster resonance energy transfer. This was then applied to a two-enzyme reaction cascade. l-homoalanine, an unnatural amino acid and chiral precursor to several drugs, can be synthesized from the readily available l-threonine by the sequential activity of threonine dehydratase and glutamate dehydrogenase. We found that the loading density of both enzymes influences their activity, with higher activity found at lower loading density implying an impact of molecular crowding on enzyme activity. Conversely, increasing overall loading density by increasing the amount of threonine dehydratase can increase activity from the rate-limiting glutamate dehydrogenase. This work demonstrates the in vivo colocalization of multiple heterologous cargo proteins in a P22-based nanoreactor and shows that controlled stoichiometry of individual enzymes in an enzymatic cascade is required for the optimal design of nanoscale biocatalytic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna McNeale
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
- CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Lygie Esquirol
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shoko Okada
- CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Black Mountain, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shai Strampel
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Noor Dashti
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Bernd Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Claudia Vickers
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
- CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biological and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Frank Sainsbury
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, QLD 4111, Australia
- CSIRO Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
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2
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Li Q, Meng D, You C. An artificial multi-enzyme cascade biocatalysis for biomanufacturing of nicotinamide mononucleotide from starch and nicotinamide in one-pot. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Opportunities and Challenges of in vitro Synthetic Biosystem for Terpenoids Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Sun S, Wei X, Zhou X, You C. Construction of an Artificial In Vitro Synthetic Enzymatic Platform for Upgrading Low-Cost Starch to Value-Added Disaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:302-314. [PMID: 33371670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disaccharides are valuable oligosaccharides with an increasing demand in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Disaccharides can be manufactured by extraction from the acid hydrolysate of plant-derived substrates, but this method has several issues, such as the difficulty in accessing natural substrates, laborious product separation processes, and troublesome wastewater treatment. A chemical synthesis using glucose was developed for producing disaccharides, but this approach suffers from a low product yield due to the low specificity and requires tedious protection and deprotection processes. In this study, we adopted an artificial strategy for producing a variety of value-added disaccharides from low-cost starch through the construction of an in vitro synthetic enzymatic platform: two enzymes worked in parallel to convert starch to glucose and glucose 1-phosphate, and these two intermediates were subsequently condensed together to a disaccharide by a disaccharide phosphorylase. Several disaccharides, such as laminaribiose, cellobiose, trehalose, and sophorose, were produced successfully from starch with the yields of more than 80% with the help of kinetic mathematical models to predict the optimal reaction conditions, exhibiting great potential in an industrial scale. This study provided a promising alternative to reform the mode of disaccharide manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangshang Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Xigui Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, People's Republic of China
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5
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Meng D, Wang J, You C. The properties of the linker in a mini-scaffoldin influence the catalytic efficiency of scaffoldin-mediated enzyme complexes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 133:109460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Shi T, Liu S, Zhang YHPJ. CO2 fixation for malate synthesis energized by starch via in vitro metabolic engineering. Metab Eng 2019; 55:152-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Petroll K, Kopp D, Care A, Bergquist PL, Sunna A. Tools and strategies for constructing cell-free enzyme pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:91-108. [PMID: 30521853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single enzyme systems or engineered microbial hosts have been used for decades but the notion of assembling multiple enzymes into cell-free synthetic pathways is a relatively new development. The extensive possibilities that stem from this synthetic concept makes it a fast growing and potentially high impact field for biomanufacturing fine and platform chemicals, pharmaceuticals and biofuels. However, the translation of individual single enzymatic reactions into cell-free multi-enzyme pathways is not trivial. In reality, the kinetics of an enzyme pathway can be very inadequate and the production of multiple enzymes can impose a great burden on the economics of the process. We examine here strategies for designing synthetic pathways and draw attention to the requirements of substrates, enzymes and cofactor regeneration systems for improving the effectiveness and sustainability of cell-free biocatalysis. In addition, we comment on methods for the immobilisation of members of a multi-enzyme pathway to enhance the viability of the system. Finally, we focus on the recent development of integrative tools such as in silico pathway modelling and high throughput flux analysis with the aim of reinforcing their indispensable role in the future of cell-free biocatalytic pathways for biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Petroll
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dominik Kopp
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Care
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter L Bergquist
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anwar Sunna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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8
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Magnetic Microreactors with Immobilized Enzymes—From Assemblage to Contemporary Applications. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8070282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics, as the technology for continuous flow processing in microscale, is being increasingly elaborated on in enzyme biotechnology and biocatalysis. Enzymatic microreactors are a precious tool for the investigation of catalytic properties and optimization of reaction parameters in a thriving and high-yielding way. The utilization of magnetic forces in the overall microfluidic system has reinforced enzymatic processes, paving the way for novel applications in a variety of research fields. In this review, we hold a discussion on how different magnetic particles combined with the appropriate biocatalyst under the proper system configuration may constitute a powerful microsystem and provide a highly explorable scope.
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9
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Abstract
Engineering biological systems for the production of biofuels and bioproducts holds great potential to transform the bioeconomy, but often requires laborious, time-consuming design-build-test cycles. For decades cell-free systems have offered quick and facile approaches to study enzymes with hopes of informing cellular processes, mainly in the form of purified single-enzyme activity assays. Over the past 20 years, cell-free systems have grown to include multienzymatic systems, both purified and crude. By decoupling cellular growth objectives from enzyme pathway engineering objectives, cell-free systems provide a controllable environment to direct substrates toward a single, desired product. Cell-free approaches are being developed for prototyping and for biomanufacturing. In prototyping applications, the idea is to use cell-free systems to test and optimize biosynthetic pathways before implementation in live cells and scale-up. We present a detailed method for the generation of crude lysates for cell-free pathway prototyping, mix-and-match cell-free metabolic engineering using preenriched lysates, and cell-free protein synthesis driven cell-free metabolic engineering. The cell-free synthetic biology methods described herein are generalizable to any biosynthetic pathway of interest and provide a powerful approach to building pathways in crude lysates for the purpose of prototyping. The foundational principle of the presented approach is that we can construct discrete metabolic pathways through modular assembly of cell-free lysates containing enzyme components produced by overexpression in the lysate chassis strain or by cell-free protein synthesis (in vitro production). Overall, the modular and cell-free nature of our pathway prototyping framework is poised to facilitate multiplexed, automated study of biosynthetic pathways to inform systems-level cellular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashty S Karim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
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10
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Chen Q, He W, Yan X, Zhang T, Jiang B, Stressler T, Fischer L, Mu W. Construction of an enzymatic route using a food-grade recombinant Bacillus subtilis for the production and purification of epilactose from lactose. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:1872-1882. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Schrittwieser JH, Velikogne S, Hall M, Kroutil W. Artificial Biocatalytic Linear Cascades for Preparation of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2017; 118:270-348. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H. Schrittwieser
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Velikogne
- ACIB
GmbH, Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- ACIB
GmbH, Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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12
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Zhong C, Wei P, Zhang YHP. A kinetic model of one-pot rapid biotransformation of cellobiose from sucrose catalyzed by three thermophilic enzymes. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Karim AS, Dudley QM, Jewett MC. Cell-Free Synthetic Systems for Metabolic Engineering and Biosynthetic Pathway Prototyping. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807796.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashty S. Karim
- Northwestern University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Northwestern University; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute; 2170 Campus Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Quentin M. Dudley
- Northwestern University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Northwestern University; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute; 2170 Campus Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Northwestern University; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Northwestern University; Chemistry of Life Processes Institute; 2170 Campus Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Northwestern University; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center; 676 North St. Clair Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Northwestern University; Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology; 303 E. Superior Chicago IL 60611 USA
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14
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Ritter DW, Newton JM, Roberts JR, McShane MJ. Albuminated Glycoenzymes: Enzyme Stabilization through Orthogonal Attachment of a Single-Layered Protein Shell around a Central Glycoenzyme Core. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1285-92. [PMID: 27111632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate an approach to stabilize enzymes through the orthogonal covalent attachment of albumin on the single-enzyme level. Albuminated glycoenzymes (AGs) based upon glucose oxidase and catalase from Aspergillus niger were prepared in this manner. Gel filtration chromatography and dynamic light scattering support modification, with an increase in hydrodynamic radius of ca. 60% upon albumination. Both AGs demonstrate a marked resistance to aggregation during heating to 90 °C, but this effect is more profound in albuminated catalase. The functional characteristics of albuminated glucose oxidase vary considerably with exposure type. The AG's thermal inactivation is reduced more than 25 times compared to native glucose oxidase, and moderate stabilization is observed with one month storage at 37 °C. However, albumination has no effect on operational stability of glucose oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin W Ritter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - Jared M Newton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - Jason R Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States
| | - Michael J McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3120, United States.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
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15
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Zhang YHP. Production of biofuels and biochemicals by in vitro synthetic biosystems: Opportunities and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1467-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Cheng K, Zhang F, Sun F, Chen H, Percival Zhang YH. Doubling Power Output of Starch Biobattery Treated by the Most Thermostable Isoamylase from an Archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13184. [PMID: 26289411 PMCID: PMC4542469 DOI: 10.1038/srep13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobattery, a kind of enzymatic fuel cells, can convert organic compounds (e.g., glucose, starch) to electricity in a closed system without moving parts. Inspired by natural starch metabolism catalyzed by starch phosphorylase, isoamylase is essential to debranch alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds of starch, yielding linear amylodextrin – the best fuel for sugar-powered biobattery. However, there is no thermostable isoamylase stable enough for simultaneous starch gelatinization and enzymatic hydrolysis, different from the case of thermostable alpha-amylase. A putative isoamylase gene was mined from megagenomic database. The open reading frame ST0928 from a hyperthermophilic archaeron Sulfolobus tokodaii was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein was easily purified by heat precipitation at 80 oC for 30 min. This enzyme was characterized and required Mg2+ as an activator. This enzyme was the most stable isoamylase reported with a half lifetime of 200 min at 90 oC in the presence of 0.5 mM MgCl2, suitable for simultaneous starch gelatinization and isoamylase hydrolysis. The cuvett-based air-breathing biobattery powered by isoamylase-treated starch exhibited nearly doubled power outputs than that powered by the same concentration starch solution, suggesting more glucose 1-phosphate generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.,Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Hongge Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Y-H Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.,Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA.,Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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17
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Tessaro D, Pollegioni L, Piubelli L, D’Arrigo P, Servi S. Systems Biocatalysis: An Artificial Metabolism for Interconversion of Functional Groups. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs502064s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Tessaro
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- The
Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Politecnico di Milano and Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - L. Pollegioni
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- The
Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Politecnico di Milano and Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - L. Piubelli
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- The
Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Politecnico di Milano and Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - P. D’Arrigo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.za L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- The
Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Politecnico di Milano and Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - S. Servi
- The
Protein Factory, Centro Interuniversitario di Biotecnologie Proteiche, Politecnico di Milano and Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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18
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Dudley QM, Karim AS, Jewett MC. Cell-free metabolic engineering: biomanufacturing beyond the cell. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:69-82. [PMID: 25319678 PMCID: PMC4314355 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology and microbial metabolic engineering are poised to help meet the growing demand for sustainable, low-cost commodity chemicals and natural products, yet the fraction of biochemicals amenable to commercial production remains limited. Common problems afflicting the current state-of-the-art include low volumetric productivities, build-up of toxic intermediates or products, and byproduct losses via competing pathways. To overcome these limitations, cell-free metabolic engineering (CFME) is expanding the scope of the traditional bioengineering model by using in vitro ensembles of catalytic proteins prepared from purified enzymes or crude lysates of cells for the production of target products. In recent years, the unprecedented level of control and freedom of design, relative to in vivo systems, has inspired the development of engineering foundations for cell-free systems. These efforts have led to activation of long enzymatic pathways (>8 enzymes), near theoretical conversion yields, productivities greater than 100 mg L(-1) h(-1) , reaction scales of >100 L, and new directions in protein purification, spatial organization, and enzyme stability. In the coming years, CFME will offer exciting opportunities to: (i) debug and optimize biosynthetic pathways; (ii) carry out design-build-test iterations without re-engineering organisms; and (iii) perform molecular transformations when bioconversion yields, productivities, or cellular toxicity limit commercial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Member, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Member, Institute for Bionanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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19
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Myung S, Rollin J, You C, Sun F, Chandrayan S, Adams MW, Zhang YHP. In vitro metabolic engineering of hydrogen production at theoretical yield from sucrose. Metab Eng 2014; 24:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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You C, Zhang YHP. Annexation of a high-activity enzyme in a synthetic three-enzyme complex greatly decreases the degree of substrate channeling. ACS Synth Biol 2014; 3:380-6. [PMID: 24283966 DOI: 10.1021/sb4000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembled three-enzyme complex containing triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), aldolase (ALD), and fructose 1,6-biphosphatase (FBP) was constructed via a mini-scaffoldin containing three different cohesins and the three dockerin-containing enzymes. This enzyme complex exhibited 1 order of magnitude higher initial reaction rates than the mixture of noncomplexed three enzymes. In this enzyme cascade reactions, the reaction mediated by ALD was the rate-limiting step. To understand the in-depth role of the rate-limiting enzyme ALD in influencing the substrate channeling effect of synthetic enzyme complexes, low-activity ALD from Thermotoga maritima was replaced with a similar-size ALD isolated from Thermus thermophilus, where the latter had more than 5 times specific activity of the former. The synthetic three-enzyme complexes annexed with either low-activity or high-activity ALDs exhibited higher initial reaction rates than the mixtures of the two-enzyme complex (TIM-FBP) and the nonbound low-activity or high activity ALD at the same enzyme concentration. It was also found that the annexation of more high-activity ALD in the synthetic enzyme complexes drastically decreased the degree of substrate channeling from 7.5 to 1.5. These results suggested that the degree of substrate channeling in synthetic enzyme complexes depended on the enzyme choice. This study implied that the construction of synthetic enzyme enzymes in synthetic cascade pathways could be a very important tool to accrelerate rate-limiting steps controlled by low-activity enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun You
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech , 304-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States of America
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Zhu Z, Kin Tam T, Sun F, You C, Percival Zhang YH. A high-energy-density sugar biobattery based on a synthetic enzymatic pathway. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3026. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Novel Hydrogen Bioreactor and Detection Apparatus. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 152:35-51. [PMID: 25022362 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In vitro hydrogen generation represents a clear opportunity for novel bioreactor and system design. Hydrogen, already a globally important commodity chemical, has the potential to become the dominant transportation fuel of the future. Technologies such as in vitro synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB)-the use of more than 10 purified enzymes to catalyze unnatural catabolic pathways-enable the storage of hydrogen in the form of carbohydrates. Biohydrogen production from local carbohydrate resources offers a solution to the most pressing challenges to vehicular and bioenergy uses: small-size distributed production, minimization of CO2 emissions, and potential low cost, driven by high yield and volumetric productivity. In this study, we introduce a novel bioreactor that provides the oxygen-free gas phase necessary for enzymatic hydrogen generation while regulating temperature and reactor volume. A variety of techniques are currently used for laboratory detection of biohydrogen, but the most information is provided by a continuous low-cost hydrogen sensor. Most such systems currently use electrolysis for calibration; here an alternative method, flow calibration, is introduced. This system is further demonstrated here with the conversion of glucose to hydrogen at a high rate, and the production of hydrogen from glucose 6-phosphate at a greatly increased reaction rate, 157 mmol/L/h at 60 °C.
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Myung S, You C, Zhang YHP. Recyclable cellulose-containing magnetic nanoparticles: immobilization of cellulose-binding module-tagged proteins and a synthetic metabolon featuring substrate channeling. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:4419-4427. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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