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Dyer AH, Batten I, Reddy C, Townsend L, Woods CP, O’Neill D, Gibney J, Kennelly SP, Bourke NM. Neuropsychological decrements in midlife type-2 diabetes are not associated with peripheral NLRP3 inflammasome responsiveness. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1021351. [PMID: 36311713 PMCID: PMC9607906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1021351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Midlife Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer Disease (AD) in later life, with altered inflammatory responses postulated as key pathological drivers. Previous studies have demonstrated increased responsiveness to NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome agonists, both in individuals with untreated T2DM in addition to those with established AD. We hypothesised that peripheral NLRP3 inflammasome responses may be altered during the early stages of T2DM-related cognitive dysfunction. Here, we assessed the relationship between NLPR3 responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (including to Aβ-42, the putative pathogenic protein in AD) and neuropsychological performance in uncomplicated midlife T2DM to identify early signatures of immune dysregulation which may predispose to later cognitive decline. We recruited a cross-sectional cohort of middle-aged adults with uncomplicated T2DM and matched Healthy Controls (HCs) for comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and in vitro PBMC responses to a range of NLRP3 agonists were assessed. T2DM was associated with subtle decrements on neuropsychological tests of delayed memory and executive function (both p<0.05). Overall, there were no differences between T2DM and HCs in immune responses induced by NLRP3 agonists. Further, we observed no relationship between the subtle neuropsychological decrements observed in T2DM and PBMC responsiveness to NLRP3 agonists. Our data suggests that peripheral NLRP3 inflammasome response dysregulation may not play a role in the early stages of cognitive dysfunction in midlife T2DM. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the contribution of peripheral NLRP3 responses towards disease pathology and as cognitive decline accelerates in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H. Dyer
- Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Inflammaging Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Wellcome-HRB Clinical Research Facility, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Adam H. Dyer,
| | - Isabella Batten
- Inflammaging Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Reddy
- Inflammaging Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam Townsend
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor P. Woods
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Desmond O’Neill
- Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Gibney
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P. Kennelly
- Age-Related Healthcare, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nollaig M. Bourke
- Inflammaging Research Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Yousefi-Ahmadipour A, Sartipi M, Khodadadi H, Shariati-Kohbanani M, Arababadi MK. Toll-like receptor 4 and the inflammation during aging. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2022. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-n471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Porcaro C, Balsters JH, Mantini D, Robertson IH, Wenderoth N. P3b amplitude as a signature of cognitive decline in the older population: An EEG study enhanced by Functional Source Separation. Neuroimage 2019; 184:535-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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A shift to glycolysis accompanies the inflammatory changes in PBMCs from individuals with an IQ-discrepant memory. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 317:24-31. [PMID: 29501082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification of a blood-based biomarker that can detect early cognitive decline presents a significant healthcare challenge. We prepared peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from individuals who had a poorer than predicted performance in their delayed recall performance on the Logical Memory II Subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) relative to their IQ estimated by the National Adult Reading Test (NART); we described these individuals as IQ-discrepant, compared with IQ-consistent, individuals. Stimulation with Aβ + LPS increased production of TNFα to a greater extent in cells from IQ-discrepant, compared with IQ-consistent, individuals. This was associated with a shift towards glycolysis and the evidence indicates that 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase (PFKFB)3 plays a role in driving glycolysis. A similar shift towards glycolysis was observed in MDMs prepared from IQ-discrepant, compared with IQ-consistent, individuals. The important finding here is that we have established an increased sensitivity to Aβ + LPS stimulation in PBMCs from individuals that under-perform on a memory task, relative to their estimated premorbid IQ, which may be an indicator of early cognitive decline. This may be a useful tool in determining the presence of early cognitive dysfunction.
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McManus RM, Heneka MT. Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: new insights. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2017; 9:14. [PMID: 28259169 PMCID: PMC5336609 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previously, the contribution of peripheral infection to cognitive decline was largely overlooked however, the past 15 years have established a key role for infectious pathogens in the progression of age-related neurodegeneration. It is now accepted that the immune privilege of the brain is not absolute, and that cells of the central nervous system are sensitive to both the inflammatory events occurring in the periphery and to the infiltration of peripheral immune cells. This is particularly relevant for the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, in which it has been demonstrated that patients are more vulnerable to infection-related cognitive changes. This can occur from typical infectious challenges such as respiratory tract infections, although a number of specific viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens have also been associated with the development of the disease. To date, it is not clear whether these microorganisms are directly related to Alzheimer’s disease progression or if they are opportune pathogens that easily colonize those with dementia and exacerbate the ongoing inflammation observed in these individuals. This review will discuss the impact of each of these challenges, and examine the changes known to occur with age in the peripheral immune system, which may contribute to the age-related vulnerability to infection-induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róisín M McManus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund Freud Str. 27, 53127, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Gerontopsychiatry/Neurology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Crowley T, Fitzpatrick JM, Kuijper T, Cryan JF, O'Toole O, O'Leary OF, Downer EJ. Modulation of TLR3/TLR4 inflammatory signaling by the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen in glia and immune cells: relevance to therapeutic effects in multiple sclerosis. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:284. [PMID: 26283920 PMCID: PMC4516894 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The GABAB receptor agonist, baclofen, is used to treat muscle tightness and cramping caused by spasticity in a number of disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), but its precise mechanism of action is unknown. Neuroinflammation drives the central pathology in MS and is mediated by both immunoreactive glial cells and invading lymphocytes. Furthermore, a body of data indicates that the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family of innate immune receptors is implicated in MS progression. In the present study we investigated whether modulation of GABAB receptors using baclofen can exert anti-inflammatory effects by targeting TLR3 and(or) TLR4-induced inflammatory signaling in murine glial cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy control individuals and patients with the relapse-remitting (RR) form of MS. TLR3 and TLR4 stimulation promoted the nuclear sequestration of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in murine glia, while TLR4, but not TLR3, promoted pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in PBMCs isolated from both healthy donors and RR-MS patients. Importantly, this effect was exacerbated in RR-MS patient immune cells. We present further evidence that baclofen dose-dependently attenuated TLR3- and TLR4-induced inflammatory signaling in primary glial cells. Pre-exposure of PBMCs isolated from healthy donors to baclofen attenuated TLR4-induced TNF-α expression, but did not affect TLR4-induced TNF-α expression in RR-MS patient PBMCs. Interestingly, mRNA expression of the GABAB receptor was reduced in PBMCs from RR-MS donors when compared to healthy controls, an effect that might contribute to the differential sensitivity to baclofen seen in healthy and RR-MS patient cells. Overall these findings indicate that baclofen differentially regulates TLR3 and TLR4 signaling in glia and immune cells, and offers insight on the role of baclofen in the treatment of neuroinflammatory disease states including MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadhg Crowley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Teun Kuijper
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork Cork, Ireland ; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Olivia F O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork Cork, Ireland ; Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric J Downer
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork Cork, Ireland ; School of Medicine, Discipline of Physiology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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O’Halloran S, O’Leary A, Kuijper T, Downer EJ. MyD88 acts as an adaptor protein for inflammatory signalling induced by amyloid-β in macrophages. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:109-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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