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Alegbeleye OO, Sant’Ana AS. Pathogen subtyping tools for risk assessment and management of produce-borne outbreaks. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Neoh HM, Tan XE, Sapri HF, Tan TL. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE): A review of the "gold standard" for bacteria typing and current alternatives. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 74:103935. [PMID: 31233781 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is considered the "gold standard" for bacteria typing. The method involves enzyme restriction of bacteria DNA, separation of the restricted DNA bands using a pulsed-field electrophoresis chamber, followed by clonal assignment of bacteria based on PFGE banding patterns. Various PFGE protocols have been developed for typing different bacteria, leading it to be one of the most widely used methods for phylogenetic studies, food safety surveillance, infection control and outbreak investigations. On the other hand, as PFGE is lengthy and labourious, several PCR-based typing methods can be used as alternatives for research purposes. Recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) have also been proposed for bacteria typing. In fact, as WGS provides more information, such as antimicrobial resistance and virulence of the tested bacteria in comparison to PFGE, more and more laboratories are currently transitioning from PFGE to WGS for bacteria typing. Nevertheless, PFGE will remain an affordable and relevant technique for small laboratories and hospitals in years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Neoh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Xin-Ee Tan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Hassriana Fazilla Sapri
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Toh Leong Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
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Single-Scaffold Genome Sequence of Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium breve BR03 (DSM 16604), Obtained by Combining Hybrid Sequencing and Optical Mapping. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/20/e00241-19. [PMID: 31097497 PMCID: PMC6522782 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00241-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium breve
BR03 (DSM 16604) is known for its health-promoting activity. We present a single-scaffold genome obtained by using a hybrid approach combining long- and short-read sequencing techniques integrated by an optical map.
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Tang Y, Rasschaert G, Yu L, Chilton C, Baert L. Evaluation of Whole Genome Mapping as a Fast and Automated Molecular Epidemiological Tool for the Study of Cronobacter spp. in Powdered Infant Formula Processing Facilities. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1443-1450. [PMID: 28782998 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter has been identified as the causative agent of outbreaks or sporadic cases of meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and septicemia associated with powdered infant formula. Food processing environments may provide a possible contamination route. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whole genome mapping (WGM) as a fast and automated molecular epidemiological method for characterizing Cronobacter spp. in the processing environment. This is the first study indicating the applicability of WGM to Cronobacter. WGM was compared with ribotyping, which is often used as an automated typing tool, and with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, which is a well-known and highly discriminating tool that is also based on restriction site analysis. The comparison of the three tools was carried out on a subset of Cronobacter isolates collected from 2011 to 2014 through a monitoring program. The performance characteristics of WGM have not yet been described; therefore, in the current study its performance was evaluated based on five criteria: typeability, reproducibility, stability, epidemiological concordance, and the discrimination power. WGM was shown to produce typeable, reproducible, and stable results. With a similar cut-off of 98%, WGM was shown to have a discriminatory power equivalent to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and higher than ribotyping. Future studies are needed to confirm the indicated cut-off level of 98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Tang
- 1 Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; and
| | - Geertrui Rasschaert
- 2 Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Liping Yu
- 1 Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; and
| | - Claire Chilton
- 1 Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; and
| | - Leen Baert
- 1 Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; and
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Bosch T, van Luit M, Pluister GN, Frentz D, Haenen A, Landman F, Witteveen S, van Marm-Wattimena N, van der Heide HG, Schouls LM. Changing characteristics of livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans - emergence of a subclade transmitted without livestock exposure, the Netherlands, 2003 to 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 21:30236. [PMID: 27254022 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.21.30236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since 2007, livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) has become the predominant MRSA clade isolated from humans in the Netherlands. To assess possible temporal changes, we molecularly characterised over 9,000 LA-MRSA isolates submitted from 2003 to 2014 to the Dutch MRSA surveillance. After an initial rapid increase with a peak in 2009 (n = 1,368), the total number of submitted LA-MRSA isolates has been slowly decreasing to 968 in 2014 and over 80% of LA-MRSA belonged to one of three predominant MLVA/spa-types. Next generation sequencing (n=118) showed that MT569/t034 isolates were genetically more diverse than MT398/t011 and MT572/t108. Concurrent with the decrease in LA-MRSA, fewer people reported having contact with livestock and this was most prominent for people carrying MT569/t034 LA-MRSA. The proportion of LA-MRSA isolated from infection-related materials increased from 6% in 2009, to 13% in 2014 and most of these isolates originated from patients older than 50 years of age. Remarkably, 83% of these patients reported not having contact with livestock. The results reveal an ongoing change in the genotypic and epidemiological characteristics of Dutch LA-MRSA isolated from humans with the emergence of a LA-MRSA subclade independent of livestock exposure, suggesting LA-MRSA starts to resemble non-LA-MRSA in terms of transmissibility and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Bosch
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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rRNA Operon Copy Number Can Explain the Distinct Epidemiology of Hospital-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:7313-7320. [PMID: 27671073 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01613-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The distinct epidemiology of original hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and early community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) is largely unexplained. S. aureus carries either five or six rRNA operon copies. Evidence is provided for a scenario in which MRSA has adapted to the hospital environment by rRNA operon loss (six to five copies) due to antibiotic pressure. Early CA-MRSA, in contrast, results from wild-type methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) that acquired mecA without loss of an rRNA operon. Of the HA-MRSA isolates (n = 77), 67.5% had five rRNA operon copies, compared to 23.2% of the CA-MRSA isolates (n = 69) and 7.7% of MSSA isolates (n = 195) (P < 0.001). In addition, 105 MSSA isolates from cystic fibrosis patients were tested, because these patients are repeatedly treated with antibiotics; 32.4% of these isolates had five rRNA operon copies. For all subsets, a correlation between resistance profile and rRNA copy number was found. Furthermore, we showed that in vitro antibiotic pressure may result in rRNA operon copy loss. We also showed that without antibiotic pressure, S. aureus isolates containing six rRNA copies are more fit than isolates with five copies. We conclude that HA-MRSA and cystic fibrosis isolates most likely have adapted to an environment with high antibiotic pressure by the loss of an rRNA operon copy. This loss has facilitated resistance development, which promoted survival in these niches. However, strain fitness decreased, which explains their lack of success in the community. In contrast, CA-MRSA isolates retained six rRNA operon copies, rendering them fitter and thereby able to survive and spread in the community.
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Ferreira AC, Dias R, de Sá MIC, Tenreiro R. Whole-genome mapping reveals a large chromosomal inversion on Iberian Brucella suis biovar 2 strains. Vet Microbiol 2016; 192:220-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Next-Generation Sequencing Confirms Presumed Nosocomial Transmission of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Netherlands. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4081-4089. [PMID: 27129960 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00773-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) was detected in 2003 and rapidly became the predominant MRSA clade in the Netherlands. Studies have shown that transmissions are difficult to identify, since this MRSA variant represents a genetically homogenous clade when current typing techniques are used. Here, next-generation sequencing was performed on 206 LA-MRSA isolates to assess the capability of LA-MRSA to be transmitted between humans. The usefulness of single nucleotide variants (SNVs), the composition of the SCCmec region, and the presence of plasmids to identify transmission of LA-MRSA were assessed. In total, 30 presumed putative nosocomial transmission events and 2 LA-MRSA outbreaks were studied; in most cases, SNV analysis revealed that the isolates of the index patient and the contact(s) clustered closely together. In three presumed events, the isolates did not cluster together, indicating that transmission was unlikely. The composition of the SCCmec region corroborated these findings. However, plasmid identification did not support our SNV analysis, since different plasmids were present in several cases where SNV and SCCmec analysis suggested that transmission was likely. Next-generation sequencing shows that transmission of LA-MRSA does occur in Dutch health care settings. Transmission was identified based on SNV analysis combined with epidemiological data and in the context of epidemiologically related and unrelated isolates. Analysis of the SCCmec region provided limited, albeit useful, information to corroborate conclusions on transmissions, but plasmid identification did not. IMPORTANCE In 2003, a variant of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from pigs was also found in pig farmers in France and the Netherlands. Soon thereafter, this livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) was identified in many other countries. Transmission of LA-MRSA between humans, particularly in the health care setting, is regarded to occur sporadically. Moreover, studies that describe LA-MRSA transmission used molecular characterization of isolates with limited discriminatory power, making the validity of the conclusion that transmission occurred questionable. In our study, we sequenced the complete genomes of 206 LA-MRSA isolates, obtained from more than 30 presumed LA-MRSA transmission events. Analysis of the data showed that transmission of LA-MRSA between humans had indeed occurred in more than 90% of these events. We conclude that transmission of LA-MRSA between humans does occur in Dutch health care settings; therefore, a decision to discontinue the search and destroy policy for LA-MRSA should be taken with caution.
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Bosch T, Pluister GN, van Luit M, Landman F, van Santen-Verheuvel M, Schot C, Witteveen S, van der Zwaluw K, Heck MEOC, Schouls LM. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis is superior to spa typing and sufficient to characterize MRSA for surveillance purposes. Future Microbiol 2016; 10:1155-62. [PMID: 26173807 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Assess the best approach to type methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) or both. MATERIALS & METHODS Discriminatory power of spa typing and MLVA was determined using 20,771 MRSA isolates. RESULTS There were twice as many MLVA types (MTs) as spa types present in the collection. Among the top 70% of the isolates, 37 spa types and 139 MTs were found. MLVA diversity among the top-10 spa types was high (diversity index 0.96), while spa diversity among the top-10 MTs was much lower (diversity index 0.83). The probability that two MRSA isolates with the same spa type also had the same MT was low (Wallace's coefficient 0.27). By contrast, most MRSA isolates yielding the same MT also had the same spa type (Wallace's coefficient 0.90). CONCLUSION MLVA is superior to spa typing and will suffice to characterize MRSA isolates for surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Bosch
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlinde N Pluister
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Luit
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Landman
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marga van Santen-Verheuvel
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Corrie Schot
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Witteveen
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Zwaluw
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Max E O C Heck
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leo M Schouls
- Laboratory for Infectious Diseases & Screening, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Friedrich SM, Zec HC, Wang TH. Analysis of single nucleic acid molecules in micro- and nano-fluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:790-811. [PMID: 26818700 PMCID: PMC4767527 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01294e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid analysis has enhanced our understanding of biological processes and disease progression, elucidated the association of genetic variants and disease, and led to the design and implementation of new treatment strategies. These diverse applications require analysis of a variety of characteristics of nucleic acid molecules: size or length, detection or quantification of specific sequences, mapping of the general sequence structure, full sequence identification, analysis of epigenetic modifications, and observation of interactions between nucleic acids and other biomolecules. Strategies that can detect rare or transient species, characterize population distributions, and analyze small sample volumes enable the collection of richer data from biosamples. Platforms that integrate micro- and nano-fluidic operations with high sensitivity single molecule detection facilitate manipulation and detection of individual nucleic acid molecules. In this review, we will highlight important milestones and recent advances in single molecule nucleic acid analysis in micro- and nano-fluidic platforms. We focus on assessment modalities for single nucleic acid molecules and highlight the role of micro- and nano-structures and fluidic manipulation. We will also briefly discuss future directions and the current limitations and obstacles impeding even faster progress toward these goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Friedrich
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Helena C Zec
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. and Mechanical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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van Duijkeren E, Hengeveld P, Zomer TP, Landman F, Bosch T, Haenen A, van de Giessen A. Transmission of MRSA between humans and animals on duck and turkey farms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:58-62. [PMID: 26490016 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of MRSA on duck and turkey farms, identify risk factors for human carriage and study transmission between animals and humans. METHODS On 10 duck and 10 turkey farms, samples were taken from animals, poultry houses, home residences and humans and cultured using pre-enrichment and selective enrichment. MRSA isolates were typed by spa typing and multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) typing. A subset of isolates from animals and humans was investigated using whole-genome mapping. RESULTS MRSA was found on one duck farm and three turkey farms. On duck farms, all humans were MRSA negative. On turkey farms, 5 of 11 farmers, 2 of 32 family members and 15 of 49 samples from the home residences were MRSA positive. Individuals with daily contact with turkeys were significantly more often MRSA positive than individuals without daily contact. All MRSA isolates belonged to livestock-associated MLVA complex 398, belonged to spa type t011, were negative for Panton-Valentine leucocidin, were mecC negative and were mecA positive. Whole-genome mapping proved a valuable tool to study the transmission of livestock-associated MRSA and showed that on two turkey farms the isolates from the animals and humans were indistinguishable or closely related, indicating transmission. CONCLUSIONS MRSA carriage in individuals in daily contact with turkeys was significantly higher than that in individuals only living on the farms or than in the general Dutch population. Therefore, persons with a high degree of contact with turkeys have an increased risk of MRSA carriage, and we propose that they should be screened prior to hospitalization in order to decrease the risk of nosocomial transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van Duijkeren
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - P Hengeveld
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - T P Zomer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - F Landman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - T Bosch
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Haenen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - A van de Giessen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Bosch T, Euser SM, Landman F, Bruin JP, IJzerman EP, den Boer JW, Schouls LM. Whole-Genome Mapping as a Novel High-Resolution Typing Tool for Legionella pneumophila. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:3234-8. [PMID: 26202110 PMCID: PMC4572561 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01369-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella is the causative agent for Legionnaires' disease (LD) and is responsible for several large outbreaks in the world. More than 90% of LD cases are caused by Legionella pneumophila, and studies on the origin and transmission routes of this pathogen rely on adequate molecular characterization of isolates. Current typing of L. pneumophila mainly depends on sequence-based typing (SBT). However, studies have shown that in some outbreak situations, SBT does not have sufficient discriminatory power to distinguish between related and nonrelated L. pneumophila isolates. In this study, we used a novel high-resolution typing technique, called whole-genome mapping (WGM), to differentiate between epidemiologically related and nonrelated L. pneumophila isolates. Assessment of the method by various validation experiments showed highly reproducible results, and WGM was able to confirm two well-documented Dutch L. pneumophila outbreaks. Comparison of whole-genome maps of the two outbreaks together with WGMs of epidemiologically nonrelated L. pneumophila isolates showed major differences between the maps, and WGM yielded a higher discriminatory power than SBT. In conclusion, WGM can be a valuable alternative to perform outbreak investigations of L. pneumophila in real time since the turnaround time from culture to comparison of the L. pneumophila maps is less than 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Bosch
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M Euser
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Fabian Landman
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob P Bruin
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Ed P IJzerman
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W den Boer
- Regional Public Health Laboratory Kennemerland, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Leo M Schouls
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Labro MT, Bryskier JM. Antibacterial resistance: an emerging ‘zoonosis’? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:1441-61. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.976611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Transmission and persistence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among veterinarians and their household members. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:124-9. [PMID: 25326300 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02803-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After the first isolation of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in 2003, this MRSA variant quickly became the predominant MRSA obtained from humans as part of the Dutch national MRSA surveillance. Previous studies have suggested that human-to-human transmission of LA-MRSA, compared to that of other MRSA lineages, rarely occurs. However, these reports describe the transmission of LA-MRSA based on epidemiology and limited molecular characterization of isolates, making it difficult to assess whether transmission actually occurred. In this study, we used whole-genome maps (WGMs) to identify possible transmission of LA-MRSA between humans. For this, we used LA-MRSA isolates originating from a 2-year prospective longitudinal cohort study in which livestock veterinarians and their household members were repeatedly sampled for the presence of S. aureus. A considerable degree of genotypic variation among LA-MRSA strains was observed. However, there was very limited variability between the maps of the isolates originating from the same veterinarian, indicating that each of the veterinarians persistently carried or had reacquired the same LA-MRSA strain. Comparison of WGMs revealed that LA-MRSA transmission had likely occurred within virtually every veterinarian household. Yet only a single LA-MRSA strain per household appeared to be involved in transmission. The results corroborate our previous finding that LA-MRSA is genetically diverse. Furthermore, this study shows that transmission of LA-MRSA between humans occurs and that carriage of LA-MRSA can be persistent, thus posing a potential risk for spread of this highly resistant pathogen in the community.
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15
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Boers SA, Burggrave R, van Westreenen M, Goessens WHF, Hays JP. Whole-genome mapping for high-resolution genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 106:19-22. [PMID: 25119380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of molecular typing techniques have been developed to investigate the clonal relationship among bacterial isolates, including those associated with nosocomial infections. In this study, the authors evaluated whole-genome mapping as a tool to investigate the genetic relatedness between Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, including metallo beta-lactamase-positive outbreak isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Boers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M van Westreenen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W H F Goessens
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J P Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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The European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2012. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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17
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Du XF, Xiao M, Liang HY, Sun Z, Jiang YH, Chen GY, Meng XY, Zou GL, Zhang L, Liu YL, Zhang H, Sun HL, Jiang XF, Xu YC. An improved MLVF method and its comparison with traditional MLVF, spa typing, MLST/SCCmec and PFGE for the typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:725-42. [PMID: 24406728 PMCID: PMC3907834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15010725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become an important nosocomial pathogen, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. During the last 20 years, a variety of genotyping methods have been introduced for screening the prevalence of MRSA. In this study, we developed and evaluated an improved approach capillary gel electrophoresis based multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat fingerprinting (CGE/MLVF) for rapid MRSA typing. A total of 42 well-characterized strains and 116 non-repetitive clinical MRSA isolates collected from six hospitals in northeast China between 2009 and 2010 were tested. The results obtained by CGE/MLVF against clinical isolates were compared with traditional MLVF, spa typing, Multilocus sequence typing/ staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (MLST/SCCmec) and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The discriminatory power estimated by Simpson's index of diversity was 0.855 (28 types), 0.855 (28 patterns), 0.623 (11 types), 0.517 (8 types) and 0.854 (28 patterns) for CGE/MLVF, traditional MLVF, spa typing, MLST/SCCmec and PFGE, respectively. All methods tested showed a satisfied concordance in clonal complex level calculated by adjusted Rand's coefficient. CGE/MLVF showed better reproducibility and accuracy than traditional MLVF and PFGE methods. In addition, the CGE/MLVF has potential to produce portable results. In conclusion, CGE/MLVF is a rapid and easy to use MRSA typing method with lower cost, good reproducibility and high discriminatory power for monitoring the outbreak and clonal spread of MRSA isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fei Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yue-Hong Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Guo-Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Gui-Ling Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ya-Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Hong-Li Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Nangang, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Wendlandt S, Kadlec K, Feßler AT, Mevius D, van Essen-Zandbergen A, Hengeveld PD, Bosch T, Schouls L, Schwarz S, van Duijkeren E. Transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates on broiler farms. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:632-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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