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Vanders RL, Gomez HM, Hsu AC, Daly K, Wark PAB, Horvat JC, Hansbro PM. Inflammatory and antiviral responses to influenza A virus infection are dysregulated in pregnant mice with allergic airway disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L385-L398. [PMID: 37463835 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00232.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are increased during pregnancy especially with asthma as a comorbidity, leading to asthma exacerbations, secondary bacterial infections, intensive care unit admissions, and mortality. We aimed to define the processes involved in increased susceptibility and severity of IAV infections during pregnancy, especially with asthma. We sensitized mice to house dust mite (HDM), induced pregnancy, and challenged with HDM to induce allergic airway disease (AAD). At midpregnancy, we induced IAV infection. We assessed viral titers, airway inflammation, lung antiviral responses, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). During early IAV infection, pregnant mice with AAD had increased mRNA expression of the inflammatory markers Il13 and IL17 and reduced mRNA expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant marker Kc. These mice had increased mucous hyperplasia and increased AHR. miR155, miR574, miR223, and miR1187 were also reduced during early infection, as was mRNA expression of the antiviral β-defensins, Bd1, Bd2, and Spd and IFNs, Ifnα, Ifnβ, and Ifnλ. During late infection, Il17 was still increased as was eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. mRNA expression of Kc was reduced, as was neutrophil infiltration and mRNA expression of the antiviral markers Ifnβ, Ifnλ, and Ifnγ and Ip10, Tlr3, Tlr9, Pkr, and Mx1. Mucous hyperplasia was still significantly increased as was AHR. Early phase IAV infection in pregnancy with asthma heightens underlying inflammatory asthmatic phenotype and reduces antiviral responses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Influenza A virus (IAV) infection during pregnancy with asthma is a major health concern leading to increased morbidity for both mother and baby. Using murine models, we show that IAV infection in pregnancy with allergic airway disease is associated with impaired global antiviral and antimicrobial responses, increased lung inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Targeting specific β-defensins or microRNAs (miRNAs) may prove useful in future treatments for IAV infection during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Vanders
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henry M Gomez
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan C Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katie Daly
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Vaccines, Infection, Viruses and Asthma Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Savino F, Gambarino S, Dini M, Savino A, Clemente A, Calvi C, Galliano I, Bergallo M. Peripheral Blood and Nasopharyngeal Swab MiRNA-155 Expression in Infants with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1668. [PMID: 37632011 PMCID: PMC10459845 DOI: 10.3390/v15081668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNA (miR) 155 has been implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity as well as antiviral responses, but its role during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections is not known. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-155 using pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood in infants with RSV infection and uninfected controls. METHODS A prospective age-matched study was conducted in primary care in Torino from 1 August 2018 to 31 January 2020. We enrolled 66 subjects, 29 of them patients with RSV infection and 37 age-matched uninfected controls, and collected pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood in order to assess miR-155 expression with real-time stem-loop-TaqMan real-time PCR. RESULTS The data show that there is no correlation between pharyngeal swabs and peripheral blood with respect to miR-155 expression. The 1/ΔCq miR-155 expression levels in throat swabs in RSV bronchiolitis patients and healthy controls were 0.19 ± 0.11 and 0.21 ± 0.09, respectively, and were not significantly different between healthy controls and bronchiolitis (p = 0.8414). In the peripheral blood, miR-155 levels were higher than those of healthy control subjects: 0.1 ± 0.013 and 0.09 ± 0.0007, respectively; p = 0.0002. DISCUSSION Our data provide evidence that miR-155 expression is higher in peripheral blood during RSV infection but not in swabs. This difference in the timing of sample recruitment could explain the differences obtained in the results; miR-155 activation is probably only assessable in the very early stages of infection in the swab and remains visible for longer in the blood. New investigations are needed in order to clarify whether the miR-155 expression in swabs can be influenced by different stages of virus disease of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Savino
- Early Infancy Special Care Unit, Regina Margherita Children Hospital, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Stefano Gambarino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Maddalena Dini
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Andrea Savino
- Post Graduate School of Pediatrics, Univeristy of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Anna Clemente
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Cristina Calvi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (I.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (I.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Paediatric Laboratory, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.); (A.C.); (C.C.); (I.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, University of Turin, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Micro-Players of Great Significance-Host microRNA Signature in Viral Infections in Humans and Animals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810536. [PMID: 36142450 PMCID: PMC9504570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over time, more and more is becoming known about micro-players of great significance. This is particularly the case for microRNAs (miRNAs; miR), which have been found to participate in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes in both humans and animals. One such process is viral infection in humans and animals, in which the host miRNAs—alone or in conjunction with the virus—interact on two levels: viruses may regulate the host’s miRNAs to evade its immune system, while the host miRNAs can play anti- or pro-viral roles. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to present the key miRNAs involved in viral infections in humans and animals. We summarize the data in the available literature, indicating that the signature miRNAs in human viral infections mainly include 12 miRNAs (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-132, miR-34a, miR -21, miR-16, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-10a), while 10 miRNAs are commonly found in animals (i.e., miR-155, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-145, miR-21, miR-15a/miR-16 cluster, miR-181 family, let-7 family, and miR-122) in this context. Knowledge of which miRNAs are involved in different viral infections and the biological functions that they play can help in understanding the pathogenesis of viral diseases, facilitating the future development of therapeutic agents for both humans and animals.
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Abbasi-Kolli M, Sadri Nahand J, Kiani SJ, Khanaliha K, Khatami A, Taghizadieh M, Torkamani AR, Babakhaniyan K, Bokharaei-Salim F. The expression patterns of MALAT-1, NEAT-1, THRIL, and miR-155-5p in the acute to the post-acute phase of COVID-19 disease. Braz J Infect Dis 2022; 26:102354. [PMID: 35500644 PMCID: PMC9035361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction One of the hallmarks of COVID-19 is overwhelming inflammation, which plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Thus, identification of inflammatory factors that interact with the SARS-CoV-2 can be very important to control and diagnose the severity of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of inflammation-related non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including MALAT-1, NEAT-1, THRIL, and miR-155-5p from the acute phase to the recovery phase of COVID-19. Methods Total RNA was extracted from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) samples of 20 patients with acute COVID-19 infection and 20 healthy individuals and the expression levels of MALAT-1, NEAT-1, THRIL, and miR-155-5p were evaluated by real-time PCR assay. Besides, in order to monitor the expression pattern of selected ncRNAs from the acute phase to the recovery phase of COVID-19 disease, the levels of ncRNAs were re-measured 6‒7 weeks after the acute phase. Result The mean expression levels of MALAT-1, THRIL, and miR-155-5p were significantly increased in the acute phase of COVID-19 compared with a healthy control group. In addition, the expression levels of MALAT-1 and THRIL in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 were significantly lower than in the acute phase of COVID-19. According to the ROC curve analysis, these ncRNAs could be considered useful biomarkers for COVID-19 diagnosis and for discriminating between acute and post-acute phase of COVID-19. Discussion Inflammation-related ncRNAs (MALAT-1, THRIL, and miR-150-5p) can act as hopeful biomarkers for the monitoring and diagnosis of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khanaliha
- University of Medical Sciences, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Tehran, Iran
| | - AliReza Khatami
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Rajabi Torkamani
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Babakhaniyan
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Virology, Tehran, Iran.
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Jafarzadeh A, Naseri A, Shojaie L, Nemati M, Jafarzadeh S, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Hamblin MR, Akhlagh SA, Mirzaei H. MicroRNA-155 and antiviral immune responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108188. [PMID: 34626873 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The microRNA, miR-155 regulates both adaptive and innate immune responses. In viral infections, miR-155 can affect both innate immunity (interferon response, natural killer cell activity, and macrophage polarization) and adaptive immunity (including generation of anti-viral antibodies, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Th17, Th2, Th1, Tfh and Treg cells). In many viral infections, the proper and timely regulation of miR-155 expression is critical for the induction of an effective anti-virus immune response and viral clearance without any harmful immunopathologic consequences. MiR-155 may also exert pro-viral effects, mainly through the inhibition of the anti-viral interferon response. Thus, dysregulated expression of miR-155 can result in virus persistence and disruption of the normal response to viral infections. This review provides a thorough discussion of the role of miR-155 in immune responses and immunopathologic reactions during viral infections, and highlights its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Alma Naseri
- Department of Immunology, Islamic Azadi university of Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Jafarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Down-regulation of miR-155 inhibits inflammatory response in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells infected with influenza A virus by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2429-2436. [PMID: 32889908 PMCID: PMC7575171 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial cells play a key role in the cytokine storm caused by influenza A virus. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is an important regulator in inflammation. Its role in the inflammatory response to influenza A infection, however, has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the role as well as the underlying mechanism of miR-155 in the cytokine production in influenza A-infected endothelial cells. Methods: Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were infected with the influenza A virus strain H1N1. The efficiency of H1N1 infection was confirmed by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and miR-155 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. A dual-luciferase reporter assay characterized the interaction between miR-155 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). Changes in the target protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis. Results: MiR-155 was elevated in response to the H1N1 infection in HPMECs (24 h post-infection vs. 0 h post-infection, 3.875 ± 0.062 vs. 1.043 ± 0.013, P = 0.001). Over-expression of miR-155 enhanced inflammatory cytokine production (miR-155 mimic vs. negative control, all P < 0.05 in regard of cytokine levels) and activation of nuclear factor kappa B in infected HPMECs (miR-155 mimic vs. negative control, P = 0.004), and down-regulation of miR-155 had the opposite effect. In addition, S1PR1 was a direct target of miR-155 in the HPMECs. Inhibition of miR-155 enhanced the expression of the S1PR1 protein. Down-regulation of S1PR1 decreased the inhibitory effect of the miR-155 blockade on H1N1-induced cytokine production and nuclear factor kappa B activation in HPMECs. Conclusion: MiR-155 maybe modulate influenza A-induced inflammatory response by targeting S1PR1.
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Xu H, Miao J, Liu S, Liu H, Zhang L, Zhang Q. Long non-coding RNA KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by adsorbing microRNA-133b. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2175. [PMID: 33909822 PMCID: PMC8050598 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) exerts vital regulatory functions in diverse tumors. However, the biological function of KCNQ1OT1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. METHODS KCNQ1OT1 expression was detected in ESCC tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were detected by the CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry analysis, and Transwell experiments, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter experiments, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to predict and validate the regulatory relationships between KCNQ1OT1, microRNA-133b (miR-133b) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). RESULTS KCNQ1OT1 expression was remarkably upregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of KCNQ1OT1 markedly promoted ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and enhanced the expression of N-cadherin, MMP-2, and MMP-9, but inhibited apoptosis and E-cadherin expression in ESCC cell lines; KCNQ1OT1 knockdown exerted the opposite effects. KCNQ1OT1 could directly bind to miR-133b and suppress its expression, and miR-133b reversed the effects of KCNQ1OT1 overexpression in ESCC cells. MiR-133b reduced the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); further, KCNQ1OT1 activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway by repressing miR-133b repression and indirectly upregulating EGFR. KCNQ1OT1 expression was positively correlated with EGFR mRNA expression and negatively correlated with miR-133b expression. CONCLUSION KCNQ1OT1 facilitates ESCC progression by sponging miR-133b and activating the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Department of Pediatrics, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Hongjian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Lianguo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Li K, Chen X, Zhong J, Ye H, Zhang S, Ge D, Wang X, Wu Y. The effects of the Xijiao Dihuang decoction combined with Yinqiao powder on miRNA-mRNA profiles in mice infected with influenza a virus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:286. [PMID: 32957919 PMCID: PMC7507722 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in acute inflammatory and antiviral responses during influenza A virus (IAV) infection. The Xijiao Dihuang decoction combined with Yinqiao powder (XDY) is applied to remedy viral pneumonia in China and its therapeutic efficacy in pneumonic mice challenged with IAV was demonstrated; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Thus, this study aimed to explore the miRNA-mRNA profiles in the lungs of IAV-infected mice and investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of XDY involving miRNAs and associated pathways. Methods We detected the cellular miRNA contents in the lungs of mice treated with XDY (23 g/kg/d) for A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) (FM1) infection at 4 days postinoculation (dpi) and 7 dpi. MiRNA and mRNA high-throughput sequencing analyses, and miRNA and mRNA qRT-PCR analyses were used to detect and verify the relevant miRNAs and mRNAs. Conjoint analysis, GO enrichment analysis, and KEGG database analysis were applied to identify the miRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships. Results The quantities of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were upregulated over time. The data showed that 104 miRNAs and 3485 mRNAs were differentially expressed after challenge with FM1 on day 4, while 191 miRNAs and 6126 mRNAs were differentially expressed on day 7. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG database data showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were mainly enriched in JNK activity, MAPK phosphatase activity, and the TLR, Jak-STAT and TNF signalling pathways after treatment of FM1 infection with XDY. Generally, the expression trends of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs based on the qRT-PCR results exhibited good consistency with the results of the high-throughput sequencing analysis. Conclusions MiRNAs and mRNAs were differentially expressed during FM1 infection. The therapeutic mechanisms of XDY in FM1-infected mice, might be related to regulating antiviral immunity and ameliorating excessive inflammatory responses by modulating the expression of dysregulated miRNAs and mRNAs involved in the ERK/JNK-AP-1, and IFN-β/STAT signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Hehe Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- Center of Research and Experiments, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Dongyu Ge
- Center of Research and Experiments, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Xudan Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102400, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Clinical Medicine Research Centre, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545001, China.
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Guo Y, Huang N, Tian M, Fan M, Liu Q, Liu Z, Sun T, Huang J, Xia H, Zhao Y, Ping J. Integrated Analysis of microRNA-mRNA Expression in Mouse Lungs Infected With H7N9 Influenza Virus: A Direct Comparison of Host-Adapting PB2 Mutants. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1762. [PMID: 32849388 PMCID: PMC7399063 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators involved in the antiviral response to influenza virus infection, however, an analytical comparison of miRNA and mRNA expression changes induced by several H7N9 host-adapting PB2 mutants remains undone. Here, miRNA microarray and transcriptome sequencing of BALB/c mouse lungs infected with A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) [hereafter referred to as H7N9/AH1-PB2-627K(WT)] and mutant variants with PB2 amino acid substitutions (avian-like H7N9/AH1-PB2-627E and mammalian-adapted H7N9/AH1-PB2-627E/701N) were directly compared. The results showed that influenza virus infection induced dysregulation of numerous host cell processes. In a miRNA-mRNA network associated with immunity, changes in the expression of 38 miRNAs and 58 mRNAs were detected following influenza virus infection. Notably, the miRNAs of mmu-miR-188-5p, mmu-miR-511-5p, mmu-miR-483-5p, and mmu-miR-690 were specifically associated with the replication of the avian-like virus H7N9/AH1-PB2-627E. Likewise, the miRNAs of mmu-miR-691, mmu-miR-329-3p, and mmu-miR-144-3p were specifically associated with the mammalian-adapted virus H7N9/AH1-PB2-627E/701N. Finally, the miRNAs of mmu-miR-98-5p, mmu-miR-103-3p, mmu-miR-199a-5p, and mmu-miR-378a-3p were specifically associated with H7N9/AH1-PB2-627K(WT) virus replication. This is the first report of comparative integration analysis of miRNA-mRNA expression of these three H7N9 influenza viruses with different host-adapting PB2 mutations. Our results highlight potential miRNAs of importance in influenza virus pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Guo
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Huang
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Tian
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Menglu Fan
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingzheng Liu
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongtong Sun
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjin Huang
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huizhi Xia
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihui Ping
- MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, Institute of Immunology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Woods PS, Doolittle LM, Rosas LE, Nana-Sinkam SP, Tili E, Davis IC. Increased expression of microRNA-155-5p by alveolar type II cells contributes to development of lethal ARDS in H1N1 influenza A virus-infected mice. Virology 2020; 545:40-52. [PMID: 32308197 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar type II (ATII) cells are essential to lung function and a primary site of influenza A virus (IAV) replication. Effects of IAV infection on ATII cell microRNA (miR) expression have not been comprehensively investigated. Infection of C57BL/6 mice with 10,000 or 100 pfu/mouse of IAV A/WSN/33 (H1N1) significantly altered expression of 73 out of 1908 mature murine miRs in ATII cells at 2 days post-infection (d.p.i.) and 253 miRs at 6 d.p.i. miR-155-5p (miR-155) showed the greatest increase in expression within ATII cells at both timepoints and the magnitude of this increase correlated with inoculum size and pulmonary edema severity. Influenza-induced lung injury was attenuated in C57BL/6-congenic miR-155-knockout mice without affecting viral replication. Attenuation of lung injury was dependent on deletion of miR-155 from stromal cells and was recapitulated in ATII cell-specific miR-155-knockout mice. These data suggest that ATII cell miR-155 is a potential therapeutic target for IAV-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker S Woods
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lauren M Doolittle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lucia E Rosas
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Patrick Nana-Sinkam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Esmerina Tili
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ian C Davis
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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11
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Maemura T, Fukuyama S, Kawaoka Y. High Levels of miR-483-3p Are Present in Serum Exosomes Upon Infection of Mice With Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:144. [PMID: 32117163 PMCID: PMC7026002 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, the extracellular vesicles that contain functional proteins and RNAs, regulate cell-cell communication. Recently, our group reported that levels of various microRNAs (miRNAs) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exosomes were highly increased in influenza virus-infected mice and that one of those miRNAs, miR-483-3p, was involved in the potentiation of the innate immune responses to influenza virus infection in mouse type II pneumocytes. Here, we evaluated exosomal miR-483-3p levels in the serum of influenza virus-infected mice and found that miR-483-3p levels were significantly increased during infection with a highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus. Moreover, miR-483-3p-enriched exosomes derived from type II pneumocytes potentiated the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes in vascular endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that serum exosomal transfer of miR-483-3p might be involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis of H5N1 influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Maemura
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Satoshi Fukuyama
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Integration analysis of a miRNA-mRNA expression in A549 cells infected with a novel H3N2 swine influenza virus and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 74:103922. [PMID: 31207403 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Swine are reservoirs for anthropogenic/zoonotic influenza viruses, and the prevalence and repeated introduction of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus (pdm/09) into pigs raises the possibility of generating novel swine influenza viruses with the potential to infect humans. However, studies aiming to identify miRNAs involved in the transfer of novel swine influenza virus infection to human cells are rare. In this investigation, from the view of small RNA, microarrays and high-throughput sequencing were used to detect differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs after human lung epithelial cells were infected with the following three stains of influenza viruses: a novel H3N2 swine influenza virus reassorted with pdm/09 fragments, pdm/09 and classical swine influenza virus. A miRNA-mRNA interaction map was generated to show the correlation between miRNAs related to infection by the viruses with human infective potential/capability. The expression of 4 miRNAs (hsa-miR-96-5p, hsa-miR-140-5p, hsa-miR-30a-3p and hsa-miR-582-5p) and 5 relevant mRNAs (RCC1, ERVFRD-1, RANBP1, SCARB2 and RPS29) was determined. The integration analysis indicated that these candidates have rarely been reported to be associated with influenza virus. Focusing on miRNA expression changes could reveal novel reassortant viruses with human infective potential that may provide insight into future pandemics.
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13
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Brogaard L, Larsen LE, Heegaard PMH, Anthon C, Gorodkin J, Dürrwald R, Skovgaard K. IFN-λ and microRNAs are important modulators of the pulmonary innate immune response against influenza A (H1N2) infection in pigs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194765. [PMID: 29677213 PMCID: PMC5909910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is paramount in the response to and clearance of influenza A virus (IAV) infection in non-immune individuals. Known factors include type I and III interferons and antiviral pathogen recognition receptors, and the cascades of antiviral and pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression they induce. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized to participate in post-transcriptional modulation of these responses, but the temporal dynamics of how these players of the antiviral innate immune response collaborate to combat infection remain poorly characterized. We quantified the expression of miRNAs and protein coding genes in the lungs of pigs 1, 3, and 14 days after challenge with swine IAV (H1N2). Through RT-qPCR we observed a 400-fold relative increase in IFN-λ3 gene expression on day 1 after challenge, and a strong interferon-mediated antiviral response was observed on days 1 and 3 accompanied by up-regulation of genes related to the pro-inflammatory response and apoptosis. Using small RNA sequencing and qPCR validation we found 27 miRNAs that were differentially expressed after challenge, with the highest number of regulated miRNAs observed on day 3. In contrast, the number of protein coding genes found to be regulated due to IAV infection peaked on day 1. Pulmonary miRNAs may thus be aimed at fine-tuning the initial rapid inflammatory response after IAV infection. Specifically, we found five miRNAs (ssc-miR-15a, ssc-miR-18a, ssc-miR-21, ssc-miR-29b, and hsa-miR-590-3p)-four known porcine miRNAs and one novel porcine miRNA candidate-to be potential modulators of viral pathogen recognition and apoptosis. A total of 11 miRNAs remained differentially expressed 14 days after challenge, at which point the infection had cleared. In conclusion, the results suggested a role for miRNAs both during acute infection as well as later, with the potential to influence lung homeostasis and susceptibility to secondary infections in the lungs of pigs after IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brogaard
- Section for Protein Science and Signaling Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars E. Larsen
- Division of Diagnostics and Scientific Advice–Virology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter M. H. Heegaard
- Section for Protein Science and Signaling Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Anthon
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health (RTH), Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health (RTH), Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ralf Dürrwald
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Section for Protein Science and Signaling Biology, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Pociask DA, Robinson KM, Chen K, McHugh KJ, Clay ME, Huang GT, Benos PV, Janssen-Heininger YMW, Kolls JK, Anathy V, Alcorn JF. Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Regulation of Lung Repair during Recovery from Influenza Infection. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:851-863. [PMID: 28193481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza is a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most people infected with influenza virus display mild-to-moderate disease phenotypes and recover within a few weeks. Influenza is known to cause persistent alveolitis in animal models; however, little is known about the molecular pathways involved in this phenotype. We challenged C57BL/6 mice with influenza A/PR/8/34 and examined lung pathologic processes and inflammation, as well as transcriptomic and epigenetic changes at 21 to 60 days after infection. Influenza induced persistent parenchymal lung inflammation, alveolar epithelial metaplasia, and epithelial endoplasmic reticulum stress that were evident after the clearance of virus and resolution of morbidity. Influenza infection induced robust changes in the lung transcriptome, including a significant impact on inflammatory and extracellular matrix protein expression. Despite the robust changes in lung gene expression, preceding influenza (21 days) did not exacerbate secondary Staphylococcus aureus infection. Finally, we examined the impact of influenza on miRNA expression in the lung and found an increase in miR-155. miR-155 knockout mice recovered from influenza infection faster than controls and had decreased lung inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These data illuminate the dynamic molecular changes in the lung in the weeks after influenza infection and characterize the repair process, identifying a novel role for miR-155.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek A Pociask
- Department of Pulmonary Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Richard K. Mellon Foundation Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Keven M Robinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kong Chen
- Richard K. Mellon Foundation Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle E Clay
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace T Huang
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; PhD Program in Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Panayiotis V Benos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jay K Kolls
- Richard K. Mellon Foundation Institute, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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15
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Trobaugh DW, Klimstra WB. MicroRNA Regulation of RNA Virus Replication and Pathogenesis. Trends Mol Med 2016; 23:80-93. [PMID: 27989642 PMCID: PMC5836316 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate many processes within a cell by manipulating protein levels through direct binding to mRNA and influencing translation efficiency, or mRNA abundance. Recent evidence demonstrates that miRNAs can also affect RNA virus replication and pathogenesis through direct binding to the RNA virus genome or through virus-mediated changes in the host transcriptome. Here, we review the current knowledge on the interaction between RNA viruses and cellular miRNAs. We also discuss how cell and tissue-specific expression of miRNAs can directly affect viral pathogenesis. Understanding the role of cellular miRNAs during viral infection may lead to the identification of novel mechanisms to block RNA virus replication or cell-specific regulation of viral vector targeting. Some RNA viruses possess miRNA-binding sites in a range of locations within the viral genome, including the 5′ and 3′ non-translated regions. Host cell miRNAs can bind to RNA virus genomes, enhancing genome stability, repressing translation of the viral genome, or altering free miRNA levels within the cell. miRNAs contribute to viral pathogenesis by promoting evasion of the host antiviral immune response, enhancing viral replication, or, potentially, altering miRNA-mediated host gene regulation. RNA virus infection can lead to widespread changes in the host transcriptome by modulating cell-specific miRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Trobaugh
- Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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16
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Samir M, Vaas LAI, Pessler F. MicroRNAs in the Host Response to Viral Infections of Veterinary Importance. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:86. [PMID: 27800484 PMCID: PMC5065965 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of small regulatory non-coding RNAs has been an exciting advance in the field of genomics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous RNA molecules, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, that regulate gene expression, mostly at the posttranscriptional level. MiRNA profiling technologies have made it possible to identify and quantify novel miRNAs and to study their regulation and potential roles in disease pathogenesis. Although miRNAs have been extensively investigated in viral infections of humans, their implications in viral diseases affecting animals of veterinary importance are much less understood. The number of annotated miRNAs in different animal species is growing continuously, and novel roles in regulating host–pathogen interactions are being discovered, for instance, miRNA-mediated augmentation of viral transcription and replication. In this review, we present an overview of synthesis and function of miRNAs and an update on the current state of research on host-encoded miRNAs in the genesis of viral infectious diseases in their natural animal host as well as in selected in vivo and in vitro laboratory models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Samir
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Lea A I Vaas
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research , Hannover , Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- TWINCORE, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Gutierrez MJ, Gomez JL, Perez GF, Pancham K, Val S, Pillai DK, Giri M, Ferrante S, Freishtat R, Rose MC, Preciado D, Nino G. Airway Secretory microRNAome Changes during Rhinovirus Infection in Early Childhood. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162244. [PMID: 27643599 PMCID: PMC5028059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune responses are fine-tuned by small noncoding RNA molecules termed microRNAs (miRs) that modify gene expression in response to the environment. During acute infections, miRs can be secreted in extracellular vesicles (EV) to facilitate cell-to-cell genetic communication. The purpose of this study was to characterize the baseline population of miRs secreted in EVs in the airways of young children (airway secretory microRNAome) and examine the changes during rhinovirus (RV) infection, the most common cause of asthma exacerbations and the most important early risk factor for the development of asthma beyond childhood. METHODS Nasal airway secretions were obtained from children (≤3 yrs. old) during PCR-confirmed RV infections (n = 10) and age-matched controls (n = 10). Nasal EVs were isolated with polymer-based precipitation and global miR profiles generated using NanoString microarrays. We validated our in vivo airway secretory miR data in an in vitro airway epithelium model using apical secretions from primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) differentiated at air-liquid interface (ALI). Bioinformatics tools were used to determine the unified (nasal and bronchial) signature airway secretory miRNAome and changes during RV infection in children. RESULTS Multiscale analysis identified four signature miRs comprising the baseline airway secretory miRNAome: hsa-miR-630, hsa-miR-302d-3p, hsa- miR-320e, hsa-miR-612. We identified hsa-miR-155 as the main change in the baseline miRNAome during RV infection in young children. We investigated the potential biological relevance of the airway secretion of hsa-mir-155 using in silico models derived from gene datasets of experimental in vivo human RV infection. These analyses confirmed that hsa-miR-155 targetome is an overrepresented pathway in the upper airways of individuals infected with RV. CONCLUSIONS Comparative analysis of the airway secretory microRNAome in children indicates that RV infection is associated with airway secretion of EVs containing miR-155, which is predicted in silico to regulate antiviral immunity. Further characterization of the airway secretory microRNAome during health and disease may lead to completely new strategies to treat and monitor respiratory conditions in all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Gutierrez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jose L. Gomez
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Geovanny F. Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Krishna Pancham
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Val
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Dinesh K. Pillai
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Mamta Giri
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sarah Ferrante
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Robert Freishtat
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Mary C. Rose
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Diego Preciado
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Nino
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Systems Biology and Center for Genetic Medicine Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Wright PF, Hoen AG, Ilyushina NA, Brown EP, Ackerman ME, Wieland-Alter W, Connor RI, Jegaskanda S, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Haynes BC, Luke CJ, Subbarao K, Treanor JJ. Correlates of Immunity to Influenza as Determined by Challenge of Children with Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccine. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw108. [PMID: 27419180 PMCID: PMC4943547 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The efficacy of live, attenuated live attenuated influenza vaccine(LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine(IIV) is poorly explained by either single or composite immune responses to vaccination. Protective biomarkers were therefore studied in response to LAIV or IIV followed by LAIV challenge in children. Methods. Serum and mucosal responses to LAIV or IIV were analyzed using immunologic assays to assess both quantitative and functional responses. Cytokines and chemokines were measured in nasal washes collected before vaccination, on days 2, 4, and 7 after initial LAIV, and again after LAIV challenge using a 63-multiplex Luminex panel. Results. Patterns of immunity induced by LAIV and IIV were significantly different. Serum responses induced by IIV, including hemagglutination inhibition, did not correlate with detection or quantitation of LAIV on subsequent challenge. Modalities that induced sterilizing immunity seen after LAIV challenge could not be defined by any measurements of mucosal or serum antibodies induced by the initial LAIV immunization. No single cytokine or chemokine was predictive of protection. Conclusions. The mechanism of protective immunity observed after LAIV could not be defined, and traditional measurements of immunity to IIV did not correlate with protection against an LAIV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric P Brown
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | | | - Ruth I Connor
- Microbiology and Immunology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon
| | - Sinthujan Jegaskanda
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yael Rosenberg-Hasson
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity , Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University , Palo Alto, California
| | | | - Catherine J Luke
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John J Treanor
- Department of Medicine , University of Rochester , New York
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19
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Rivera A, Barr T, Rais M, Engelmann F, Messaoudi I. microRNAs Regulate Host Immune Response and Pathogenesis During Influenza Infection in Rhesus Macaques. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:212-27. [PMID: 27008411 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are key regulators of biological processes, including the immune response to viral infections. Differential expression levels of cellular miRNAs and their predicted targets have been described in the lungs of H1N1-infected BALB/c mice, the lungs of H5N1 influenza-infected cynomolgus macaques, and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of critically ill patients infected with 2009 pandemic H1N1. However, a longitudinal analysis of changes in the expression of miRNAs and their targets during influenza infection and how they relate to viral replication and host response has yet to be carried out. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the expression of several miRNAs and their validated targets in both peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) collected from rhesus macaques over the course of infection with the 2009 H1N1 virus A/Mexico/4108/2009 (MEX4108). We describe a distinct set of differentially expressed miRNAs in BAL and PBMCs, which regulate the expression of genes involved in inflammation, immune response, and regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rivera
- 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Tasha Barr
- 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Maham Rais
- 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Flora Engelmann
- 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- 1 Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, California.,2 Oregon Primate Research Center , Beaverton, Oregon
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20
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The Effect of Oseltamivir on the Disease Progression of Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection: Plasma Cytokine and miRNA Responses in a Mouse Model. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9296457. [PMID: 27110056 PMCID: PMC4824134 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9296457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lethal influenza A virus infection leads to acute lung injury and possibly lethal complications. There has been a continuous effort to identify the possible predictors of disease severity. Unlike earlier studies, where biomarkers were analyzed on certain time points or days after infection, in this study biomarkers were evaluated over the entire course of infection. Circulating proinflammatory cytokines and/or miRNAs that track with the onset and progression of lethal A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) influenza A virus infection and their response to oseltamivir treatment were investigated up to 10 days after infection. Changes in plasma cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-6, KC, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and several candidate miRNAs were profiled. Among the cytokines analyzed, IL-6 and KC/GRO cytokines appeared to correlate with peak viral titer. Over the selected 48 miRNAs profiled, certain miRNAs were up- or downregulated in a manner that was dependent on the oseltamivir treatment and disease severity. Our findings suggest that IL-6 and KC/GRO cytokines can be a potential disease severity biomarker and/or marker for the progression/remission of infection. Further studies to explore other cytokines, miRNAs, and lung injury proteins in serum with different subtypes of influenza A viruses with varying disease severity may provide new insight into other unique biomarkers.
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21
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Peng F, He J, Loo JFC, Yao J, Shi L, Liu C, Zhao C, Xie W, Shao Y, Kong SK, Gu D. Identification of microRNAs in Throat Swab as the Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Influenza. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:77-84. [PMID: 26917988 PMCID: PMC4747873 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza is a serious worldwide disease that captures global attention in the past few years after outbreaks. The recent discoveries of microRNA (miRNA) and its unique expression profile in influenza patients have offered a new method for early influenza diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of miRNAs for the diagnosis of influenza. METHODS Thirteen selected miRNAs were investigated with the hosts' throat swabs (25 H1N1, 20 H3N2, 20 influenza B and 21 healthy controls) by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using U6 snRNA as endogenous control for normalization, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve/Area under curve (AUC) for analysis. RESULTS miR-29a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-34c-3p and miR-181a-5p are useful biomarkers for influenza A detection; and miR-30c-5p, miR-34b-5p, miR-205-5p and miR-449b-5p for influenza B detection. Also, use of both miR-30c-5p and miR-34c-3p (AUC=0.879); and miR-30c-5p and miR-449b-5p (AUC=0.901) are better than using one miRNA to confirm influenza A and influenza B infection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Given its simplicity, non-invasiveness and specificity, we found that the throat swab-derived miRNAs miR-29a-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-34b-5p, miR-34c-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-205-5p and miR-449b-5p are a useful tool for influenza diagnosis on influenza A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Peng
- 1. Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianan He
- 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jacky Fong Chuen Loo
- 3. Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingyu Yao
- 4. Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunzhong Zhao
- 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weidong Xie
- 5. Shenzhen Key Lab of Health Science and Technology, Division of Life Sciences & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonghong Shao
- 6. College of Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siu Kai Kong
- 3. Biochemistry Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dayong Gu
- 1. Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; 2. Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shenzhen, China
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Makkoch J, Poomipak W, Saengchoowong S, Khongnomnan K, Praianantathavorn K, Jinato T, Poovorawan Y, Payungporn S. Human microRNAs profiling in response to influenza A viruses (subtypes pH1N1, H3N2, and H5N1). Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:409-20. [PMID: 26518627 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215611764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulation of gene silencing and are involved in many cellular processes including inhibition of infected viral replication. This study investigated cellular miRNA expression profiles operating in response to influenza virus in early stage of infection which might be useful for understanding and control of viral infection. A549 cells were infected with different subtypes of influenza virus (pH1N1, H3N2 and H5N1). After 24 h post-infection, miRNAs were extracted and then used for DNA library construction. All DNA libraries with different indexes were pooled together with equal concentration, followed by high-throughput sequencing based on MiSeq platform. The miRNAs were identified and counted from sequencing data by using MiSeq reporter software. The miRNAs expressions were classified into up and downregulated miRNAs compared to those found in non-infected cells. Mostly, each subtype of influenza A virus triggered the upregulated responses in miRNA expression profiles. Hsa-miR-101, hsa-miR-193b, hsa-miR-23b, and hsa-miR-30e* were upregulated when infected with all three subtypes of influenza A virus. Target prediction results showed that virus infection can trigger genes in cellular process, metabolic process, developmental process and biological regulation. This study provided some insights into the cellular miRNA profiling in response to various subtypes of influenza A viruses in circulation and which have caused outbreaks in human population. The regulated miRNAs might be involved in virus-host interaction or host defense mechanism, which should be investigated for effective antiviral therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarika Makkoch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Witthaya Poomipak
- Research affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Suthat Saengchoowong
- Joint Chulalongkorn University - University of Liverpool PhD Programme in Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kritsada Khongnomnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | | | - Thananya Jinato
- Systems Biology Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sunchai Payungporn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 Thailand Systems Biology Center, Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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Zeng FR, Tang LJ, He Y, Garcia RC. An update on the role of miRNA-155 in pathogenic microbial infections. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:613-21. [PMID: 26072128 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved and naturally abundant molecules of single-stranded, non-coding RNA from ∼17 to 25 nucleotides long. MiRNAs act at post-transcriptional level either to suppress gene translation or to induce mRNA degradation, according to the degree of complementarity with their target sequences. MiR-155 is a typical representative of the miRNA family that plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and organism development. A number of studies have shown that miR-155 can not only regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and lymphoma progression, but also plays an important part in various other physiological and pathological processes. For instance, it is involved in hematopoietic cell differentiation, cardiovascular disease, inflammation and immune responses. In recent years, the role of miR-155 in infectious diseases has attracted considerable attention. This review will highlight the participation of miR-155 in the responses to infections caused by different pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Rong Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Li-Jun Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China.
| | - Ye He
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - R C Garcia
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
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24
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MicroRNA expression profiles and networks in mouse lung infected with H1N1 influenza virus. Mol Genet Genomics 2015; 290:1885-97. [PMID: 25893419 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-015-1047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses can cause localized outbreaks and worldwide pandemics, owing to their high transmissibility and wide host range. As such, they are among the major diseases that cause human death. However, the molecular changes induced by influenza A virus infection in lung tissue are not entirely clear. Changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression occur in many pathological and physiological processes, and influenza A virus infection has been shown to alter miRNA expression in cultured cells and animal models. In this study, we mined key miRNAs closely related to influenza A virus infection and explored cellular regulatory mechanisms against influenza A virus infection, by building networks among miRNAs and genes, gene ontologies (GOs), and pathways. In this study, miRNAs and mRNAs induced by H1N1 influenza virus infection were measured by gene chips, and we found that 82 miRNAs and 3371 mRNAs were differentially expressed. The 82 miRNAs were further analyzed with the series test of cluster (STC) analysis. Three of the 16 cluster profiles identified by STC, which include 46 miRNAs in the three profiles, changed significantly. Using potential target genes of the 46 miRNAs, we looked for intersections of these genes with 3371 differentially expressed mRNAs; 719 intersection genes were identified. Based on the GO or KEGG databases, we attained GOs or pathways for all of the above intersection genes. Fisher's and χ (2) test were used to calculate p value and false discovery rate (FDR), and according to the standard of p < 0.001, 241 GOs and 76 pathways were filtered. Based on these data, miRNA-gene, miRNA-GO, and miRNA-pathway networks were built. We then extracted three classes of GOs (related to inflammatory and immune response, cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis, and signal transduction) to build three subgraphs, and pathways strictly related with H1N1 influenza virus infection were filtered to extract a subgraph of the miRNA-pathway network. Last, according to the pathway analysis and miRNA-pathway network analysis, 17 miRNAs were found to be associated with the "influenza A" pathway. This study provides the most complete miRNAome profiles, and the most detailed miRNA regulatory networks to date, and is the first to report the most important 17 miRNAs closely related with the pathway of influenza A. These results are a prelude to advancements in mouse H1N1 influenza virus infection biology and the use of mice as a model for human H1N1 influenza virus infection studies.
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Khanna M, Saxena L, Rajput R, Kumar B, Prasad R. Gene silencing: a therapeutic approach to combat influenza virus infections. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:131-40. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Selective gene silencing technologies such as RNA interference (RNAi) and nucleic acid enzymes have shown therapeutic potential for treating viral infections. Influenza virus is one of the major public health concerns around the world and its management is challenging due to a rapid increase in antiviral resistance. Influenza vaccine also has its limitations due to the emergence of new strains that may escape the immunity developed by the previous year's vaccine. Antiviral drugs are the primary mode of prevention and control against a pandemic and there is an urgency to develop novel antiviral strategies against influenza virus. In this review, we discuss the potential utility of several gene silencing mechanisms and their prophylactic and therapeutic potential against the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Khanna
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Latika Saxena
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Roopali Rajput
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Binod Kumar
- Department of Respiratory Virology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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26
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Zhang BC, Zhang J, Sun L. In-depth profiling and analysis of host and viral microRNAs in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with megalocytivirus reveal involvement of microRNAs in host-virus interaction in teleost fish. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:878. [PMID: 25297525 PMCID: PMC4200114 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA transcripts in various biological processes. In mammals and birds, miRNAs are known to play vital parts in both host immune defense and viral infection. However, in lower vertebrates such as teleost, systematic investigations on host and viral miRNAs are lacking. Results In this study, we applied high-throughput sequencing technology to identify and analyze both host and viral miRNAs in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), an economically important teleost fish farmed widely in the world, infected with megalocytivirus at a timescale of 14 days divided into five different time points. The results showed that a total of 381 host miRNAs and 9 viral miRNAs were identified, the latter being all novel miRNAs that have no homologues in the currently available databases. Of the host miRNAs, 251 have been reported previously in flounder and other species, and 130 were discovered for the first time. The expression levels of 121 host miRNAs were significantly altered at 2 d to 14 d post-viral infection (pi), and these miRNAs were therefore classified as differentially expressed host miRNAs. The expression levels of all 9 viral miRNAs increased from 0 d pi to 10 d pi and then dropped from 10 d pi to 14 d pi. For the 121 differentially expressed host miRNAs and the 9 viral miRNAs, 243 and 48 putative target genes, respectively, were predicted in flounder. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the putative target genes of both host and viral miRNAs were grouped mainly into the categories of immune response, signal transduction, and apoptotic process. Conclusions The results of our study provide the first evidences that indicate existence in teleost fish (i) infection-responsive host and viral miRNAs that exhibit dynamic changes in expression profiles during the course of viral infection, and (ii) potential involvement of miRNAs in host-viral interaction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-878) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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27
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Choi EJ, Kim HB, Baek YH, Kim EH, Pascua PNQ, Park SJ, Kwon HI, Lim GJ, Kim S, Kim YI, Choi YK. Differential microRNA expression following infection with a mouse-adapted, highly virulent avian H5N2 virus. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:252. [PMID: 25266911 PMCID: PMC4189662 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate various biological processes, including expression of cellular gene and virus-induced inflammation. Recently, studies have indicated that some miRNAs could regulate influenza virus replication. Due to differential sensitivities of influenza A virus strains to different species (avian and mammalian), variations in host responses may be observed. Therefore, we investigated and compared the differences in global host miRNA expression in mouse lungs infected with wild type low pathogenicity A/Aquatic bird/Korea/w81/2005 (H5N2) (w81) or mouse-adapted virulent A/Aquatic bird /Korea/ma81/2007 (H5N2) (ma81) virus. Results Although the mice infected with ma81 exhibited much greater mortality than w81-infected mice, the parental w81 virus induced a higher number of differentially expressed miRNAs compared to the ma81 virus. Between these 2 viruses, a total of 27 and 20 miRNAs were commonly expressed at 1 dpi and 3 dpi, respectively. It is noteworthy that only 9 miRNAs (miR-100-5p, miR-130a-5p, miR-146b-3p, miR-147-3p, miR-151-5p, miR-155-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-301a-3p, and miR-495-3p) were significantly upregulated in both lungs infected with either wild type w81 or the mouse-adapted ma81 strain at both time points. Notably, expression levels of miR-147-3p, miR-151-5p, miR-155-3p, and miR-223-3p were higher in the lungs of mice infected with the ma81 virus than those infected with the w81 virus. To identify potential roles of these miRNAs in regulating influenza virus replication, each group of mice was intranasally treated with each inhibitor of specifically targeting 4 miRNAs, and then challenged with 5 mouse lethal dose 50% (MLD50) of the virulent ma81 virus on the following day. Although the specific miRNA inhibitors could not completely attenuate mortality or reduce viral replication, the miR-151-5p- and miR-223-3p-inhibitors reduced mortality of inoculated mice to 70% and substantially delayed death. Conclusions Our results suggest that the mammalian adaptation of avian influenza A virus results in a different miRNA expression pattern in lungs of virus-infected mice compared with its parental strain, and use of specific miRNA inhibitors to target genes associated with the immune response or cell death may affect virulence and virus replication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0252-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Vela EM, Kasoji MD, Wendling MQ, Price JA, Knostman KAB, Bresler HS, Long JP. MicroRNA expression in mice infected with seasonal H1N1, swine H1N1 or highly pathogenic H5N1. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1131-1142. [PMID: 24913561 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.067959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections in humans remain a healthcare concern, and the need for vaccines, therapeutics and prophylactics remains a high priority. Understanding the molecular events associated with influenza-virus-induced pathology may lead to the identification of clinical disease biomarkers and novel antiviral targets. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well-conserved endogenous non-coding RNAs known to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression as well as play a major role in many biological processes and pathways. Animal studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in viral disease and controlling inflammation. In this study, we examined the differences in the miRNA expression profiles associated with the lung in mice infected with influenza viruses that varied in virulence and pathogenicity. A statistical model was employed that utilized changes in miRNA expression to identify the virus that was used to infect the mice. This study identified a unique fingerprint of viral pathogenicity associated with seasonal H1N1, swine H1N1 and highly pathogenic H5N1 in the mouse model, and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic and prophylactic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Vela
- Battelle, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
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29
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Iannaccone M, Dorhoi A, Kaufmann SHE. Host-directed therapy of tuberculosis: what is in it for microRNA? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:491-4. [PMID: 24641181 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.897696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health threat and current intervention measures are far from satisfactory. MicroRNAs (miRs) have become major targets of investigations for different diseases due to their propensity to regulate gene expression in various biological processes. More recently, miRs have been found to play key roles in the control of infectious diseases. Consequently, the potential of miRs for diagnosis and therapy of TB is being considered. In this editorial, we discuss most recent lines of evidence for regulation of the immune response in TB by miRs that could form the basis for diagnosis and host-directed therapy in adjunct to canonical intervention measures in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Iannaccone
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology , Charitéplatz 1, D-10117, Berlin , Germany +49 30 28460 500 ; +49 30 28460 501 ;
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Kroeker AL, Coombs KM. Systems biology unravels interferon responses to respiratory virus infections. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:12-25. [PMID: 24600511 PMCID: PMC3942539 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon production is an important defence against viral replication and its activation is an attractive therapeutic target. However, it has long been known that viruses perpetually evolve a multitude of strategies to evade these host immune responses. In recent years there has been an explosion of information on virus-induced alterations of the host immune response that have resulted from data-rich omics technologies. Unravelling how these systems interact and determining the overall outcome of the host response to viral infection will play an important role in future treatment and vaccine development. In this review we focus primarily on the interferon pathway and its regulation as well as mechanisms by which respiratory RNA viruses interfere with its signalling capacity.
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