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Fitriasari S, Trainor PA. Gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of common craniofacial anomalies. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:139-168. [PMID: 36707210 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial anomalies often exhibit phenotype variability and non-mendelian inheritance due to their multifactorial origin, involving both genetic and environmental factors. A combination of epidemiologic studies, genome-wide association, and analysis of animal models have provided insight into the effects of gene-environment interactions on craniofacial and brain development and the pathogenesis of congenital disorders. In this chapter, we briefly summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of common craniofacial anomalies, focusing on orofacial clefts, hemifacial microsomia, and microcephaly. We then discuss how environmental risk factors interact with genes to modulate the incidence and phenotype severity of craniofacial anomalies. Identifying environmental risk factors and dissecting their interaction with different genes and modifiers is central to improved strategies for preventing craniofacial anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, United States; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States.
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Kim HJ, Yoon HJ, Lee DK, Jin X, Che X, Choi JY. The estrogen-related receptor γ modulator, GSK5182, inhibits osteoclast differentiation and accelerates osteoclast apoptosis. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 33612148 PMCID: PMC8167243 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.5.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), a member of the orphan nuclear receptor family, is a key mediator in cellular metabolic processes and energy homeostasis. Therefore, ERRγ has become an attractive target for treating diverse metabolic disorders. We recently reported that ERRγ acts as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). In the present study, we explored the effects of an ERRγ-specific modulator, GSK5182, on ERRγ-regulated osteoclast differentiation and survival. Interestingly, GSK5182 increased ERRγ protein levels much as does GSK4716, which is an ERRγ agonist. GSK5182 inhibited osteoclast generation from bone-marrow-derived macrophages without affecting cytotoxicity. GSK5182 also attenuated RANKL-mediated expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), pivotal transcription factors for osteoclastogenesis. Arrested osteoclast differentiation was associated with reduced RANK expression, but not with the M-CSF receptor, c-Fms. GSK5182 strongly blocked the phosphorylation of IκBα, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in response to RANKL. GSK5182 also suppressed NF-κB promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to osteoclastogenesis, GSK5182 accelerated osteoclast apoptosis by caspase-3 activation. Together, these results suggest that GSK5182, a synthetic ERRγ modulator, may have potential in treating disorders related to bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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Hoffmann S, Roeth R, Diebold S, Gogel J, Hassel D, Just S, Rappold GA. Identification and Tissue-Specific Characterization of Novel SHOX-Regulated Genes in Zebrafish Highlights SOX Family Members Among Other Genes. Front Genet 2021; 12:688808. [PMID: 34122528 PMCID: PMC8191631 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.688808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SHOX deficiency causes a spectrum of clinical phenotypes related to skeletal dysplasia and short stature, including Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis, Langer mesomelic dysplasia, Turner syndrome, and idiopathic short stature. SHOX controls chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, bone maturation, and cellular growth arrest and apoptosis via transcriptional regulation of its direct target genes NPPB, FGFR3, and CTGF. However, our understanding of SHOX-related pathways is still incomplete. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and to better understand the broad phenotypic spectrum of SHOX deficiency, we aimed to identify novel SHOX targets. We analyzed differentially expressed genes in SHOX-overexpressing human fibroblasts (NHDF), and confirmed the known SHOX target genes NPPB and FGFR among the most strongly regulated genes, together with 143 novel candidates. Altogether, 23 genes were selected for further validation, first by whole-body characterization in developing shox-deficient zebrafish embryos, followed by tissue-specific expression analysis in three shox-expressing zebrafish tissues: head (including brain, pharyngeal arches, eye, and olfactory epithelium), heart, and pectoral fins. Most genes were physiologically relevant in the pectoral fins, while only few genes were also significantly regulated in head and heart tissue. Interestingly, multiple sox family members (sox5, sox6, sox8, and sox18) were significantly dysregulated in shox-deficient pectoral fins together with other genes (nppa, nppc, cdkn1a, cdkn1ca, cyp26b1, and cy26c1), highlighting an important role for these genes in shox-related growth disorders. Network-based analysis integrating data from the Ingenuity pathways revealed that most of these genes act in a common network. Our results provide novel insights into the genetic pathways and molecular events leading to the clinical manifestation of SHOX deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hoffmann
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Roeth
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Diebold
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II - Molecular Cardiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Gogel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Hassel
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II - Molecular Cardiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gudrun A Rappold
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tang J, Liu T, Wen X, Zhou Z, Yan J, Gao J, Zuo J. Estrogen-related receptors: novel potential regulators of osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Mol Med 2021; 27:5. [PMID: 33446092 PMCID: PMC7809777 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with articular cartilage destruction, subchondral bone alterations, synovitis, and even joint deformity and the loss of joint function. Although current basic research on the pathogenesis of OA has made remarkable progress, our understanding of this disease still needs to be further improved. Recent studies have shown that the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family members ERRα and ERRγ may play significant roles in the pathogenesis of OA. In this review, we refer to the latest research on ERRs and the pathogenesis of OA, elucidate the structure and physiopathological functions of the ERR orphan nuclear receptor family, and systematically examine the relationship between ERRs and OA at the molecular level. Moreover, we also discuss and predict the capacity of ERRs as potential targets in the clinical treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuo Tang
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Xinggui Wen
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jingtong Yan
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Jianlin Zuo
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin, China.
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PECULIARITIES OF SYNOVIOCYTES AND CHONDROCYTES PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF UNDIFFERENTIATED DYSPLASIA OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2021-2-76-198-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oda T, Niikura T, Fukui T, Oe K, Kuroiwa Y, Kumabe Y, Sawauchi K, Yoshikawa R, Mifune Y, Hayashi S, Matsumoto T, Matsushita T, Kawamoto T, Sakai Y, Akisue T, Kuroda R. Transcutaneous CO 2 application accelerates fracture repair in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/2/e001129. [PMID: 33323458 PMCID: PMC7745327 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) negatively affects fracture repair by inhibiting endochondral ossification, chondrogenesis, callus formation, and angiogenesis. We previously reported that transcutaneous CO2 application accelerates fracture repair by promoting endochondral ossification and angiogenesis. The present study aimed to determine whether CO2 treatment would promote fracture repair in cases with type I DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A closed femoral shaft fracture was induced in female rats with streptozotocin-induced type I DM. CO2 treatment was performed five times a week for the CO2 group. Sham treatment, where CO2 was replaced with air, was performed for the control group. Radiographic, histologic, genetic, and biomechanical measurements were taken at several time points. RESULTS Radiographic assessment demonstrated that fracture repair was induced in the CO2 group. Histologically, accelerated endochondral ossification and capillary formation were observed in the CO2 group. Immunohistochemical assessment indicated that early postfracture proliferation of chondrocytes in callus was enhanced in the CO2 group. Genetic assessment results suggested that cartilage and bone formation, angiogenesis, and vasodilation were upregulated in the CO2 group. Biomechanical assessment revealed enhanced mechanical strength in the CO2 group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CO2 treatment accelerates fracture repair in type I DM rats. CO2 treatment could be an effective strategy for delayed fracture repair due to DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Oda
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niikura
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Fukui
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Oe
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yu Kuroiwa
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yohei Kumabe
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sawauchi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshikawa
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Faculty of Health Sciences and Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Kim H, Kim BK, Ohk B, Yoon H, Kang WY, Cho S, Seong SJ, Lee HW, Yoon Y. Estrogen‐related receptor γ negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis and protects against inflammatory bone loss. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1659-1670. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Ju Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Ohk
- Department of Molecular Medicine Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Hye‐Jin Yoon
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Youl Kang
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Seungil Cho
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Jin Seong
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Won Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Young‐Ran Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Republic of Korea
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8
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Škrabar N, Turner LM, Pallares LF, Harr B, Tautz D. Using the
Mus musculus
hybrid zone to assess covariation and genetic architecture of limb bone lengths. Mol Ecol Resour 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neva Škrabar
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
| | - Leslie M. Turner
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry Milner Centre for Evolution University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Luisa F. Pallares
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
- Lewis‐Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
| | - Bettina Harr
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Max‐Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology Plön Germany
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9
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Son YO, Park S, Kwak JS, Won Y, Choi WS, Rhee J, Chun CH, Ryu JH, Kim DK, Choi HS, Chun JS. Estrogen-related receptor γ causes osteoarthritis by upregulating extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2133. [PMID: 29247173 PMCID: PMC5732273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family of orphan nuclear receptor is composed of ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ, which are known to regulate various isoform-specific functions under normal and pathophysiological conditions. Here, we investigate the involvement of ERRs in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) in mice. Among ERR family members, ERRγ is markedly upregulated in cartilage from human OA patients and various mouse models of OA. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ERRγ in mouse knee joint or transgenic expression of ERRγ in cartilage leads to OA. ERRγ overexpression in chondrocytes directly upregulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP13, which are known to play crucial roles in cartilage destruction in OA. In contrast, genetic ablation of Esrrg or shRNA-mediated downregulation of Esrrg in joint tissues abrogates experimental OA in mice. Our results collectively indicate that ERRγ is a novel catabolic regulator of OA pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is unclear. The authors show that estrogen-related receptor gamma is upregulated in cartilage from patients and mouse models, where it drives production of matrix-degrading MMPs in chondrocytes, and that its downregulation ameliorates pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ok Son
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulki Park
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kwak
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Won
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Su Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseol Rhee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Churl-Hong Chun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hwang Ryu
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Carnesecchi J, Vanacker JM. Estrogen-Related Receptors and the control of bone cell fate. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 432:37-43. [PMID: 26206717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss is naturally occurring in aging males and females and exacerbated in the latter after menopause, altogether leading to cumulative skeleton fragility and increased fracture risk. Two types of therapeutic strategies can be envisioned to counteract age- or menopause-associated bone loss, aiming at either reducing bone resorption exerted by osteoclasts or, alternatively, promoting bone formation by osteoblasts. We here summarize data suggesting that inhibition of the Estrogen-Related Receptors α and/or γ could promote bone formation and compensate for bone loss induced by ageing or estrogen-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carnesecchi
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marc Vanacker
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, CNRS UMR5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Cohen SP, LaChappelle AR, Walker BS, Lassiter CS. Modulation of estrogen causes disruption of craniofacial chondrogenesis in Danio rerio. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 152:113-120. [PMID: 24747083 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen is a steroid hormone that is ubiquitous in vertebrates, but its role in cartilage formation has not been extensively studied. Abnormalities of craniofacial cartilage and bone account for a large portion of birth defects in the United States. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been used as models of human disease, and their transparency in the embryonic period affords additional advantages in studying craniofacial development. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with 17-β estradiol (E2) or with an aromatase inhibitor and observed for defects in craniofacial cartilage. Concentrations of E2 greater than 2μM caused major disruptions in cartilage formation. Concentrations below 2μM caused subtle changed in cartilage morphology that were only revealed by measurement. The angles formed by cartilage elements in fish treated with 1.5 and 2μM E2 were increasingly wide, while the length of the primary anterior-posterior cartilage element in these fish decreased significantly from controls. These treatments resulted in fish with shorter, flatter faces as estrogen concentration increased. Inhibition of aromatase activity also resulted in similar craniofacial disruption indicating that careful control of estrogen signaling is required for appropriate development. Further investigation of the phenomena described in this study could lead to a better understanding of the etiology of craniofacial birth defects and endocrine disruption of cartilage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Cohen
- Department of Biology, Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem, VA 24153, USA
| | - Adam R LaChappelle
- Department of Biology, Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem, VA 24153, USA
| | - Benjamin S Walker
- Department of Biology, Roanoke College, 221 College Lane, Salem, VA 24153, USA
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