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Jeong H, Kim JY, Che X, Choi JY, Jang I, Kim SG. Effects of 4-hexylresorcinol on facial skeletal development in growing rats: Considerations for diabetes. Korean J Orthod 2023; 53:393-401. [PMID: 37989576 PMCID: PMC10663577 DOI: 10.4041/kjod23.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective : To investigate the long-term effects of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) on facial skeletal growth in growing male rats, with a focus on diabetic animal models. Methods : Forty male rats were used. Of them, type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in 20 animals by administering 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), and they were assigned to either the STZ or 4HR-injected group (STZ/4HR group). The remaining 20 healthy rats were divided into control and 4HR groups. We administered 4HR subcutaneously at a weekly dose of 10 mg/kg until the rats were euthanized. At 16 weeks of age, whole blood was collected, and micro-computed tomography of the skull and femur was performed. Results : All craniofacial linear measurements were smaller in the STZ group than in the control group. The mandibular molar width was significantly smaller in the 4HR group than in the control group (P = 0.031) but larger in the STZ/4HR group than in the STZ group (P = 0.011). Among the diabetic animals, the STZ/4HR group exhibited significantly greater cortical bone thickness, bone mineral density, and bone volume than the STZ group. Serum testosterone levels were also significantly higher in the STZ/4HR group than in the STZ group. Conclusions : 4HR administration may have divergent effects on mandibular growth and bone mass in healthy and diabetic rats. In the context of diabetes, 4HR appears to have beneficial effects, potentially through the modulation of mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jeong
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jwa-Young Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Insan Jang
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
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Che X, Jin X, Park NR, Kim HJ, Kyung HS, Kim HJ, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, Choi JY. Cbfβ Is a Novel Modulator against Osteoarthritis by Maintaining Articular Cartilage Homeostasis through TGF-β Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071064. [PMID: 37048137 PMCID: PMC10093452 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling is a vital regulator for maintaining articular cartilage homeostasis. Runx transcription factors, downstream targets of TGF-β signaling, have been studied in the context of osteoarthritis (OA). Although Runx partner core binding factor β (Cbfβ) is known to play a pivotal role in chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation, the role of Cbfβ in maintaining articular cartilage integrity remains obscure. This study investigated Cbfβ as a novel anabolic modulator of TGF-β signaling and determined its role in articular cartilage homeostasis. Cbfβ significantly decreased in aged mouse articular cartilage and human OA cartilage. Articular chondrocyte-specific Cbfb-deficient mice (Cbfb△ac/△ac) exhibited early cartilage degeneration at 20 weeks of age and developed OA at 12 months. Cbfb△ac/△ac mice showed enhanced OA progression under the surgically induced OA model in mice. Mechanistically, forced expression of Cbfβ rescued Type II collagen (Col2α1) and Runx1 expression in Cbfβ-deficient chondrocytes. TGF-β1-mediated Col2α1 expression failed despite the p-Smad3 activation under TGF-β1 treatment in Cbfβ-deficient chondrocytes. Cbfβ protected Runx1 from proteasomal degradation through Cbfβ/Runx1 complex formation. These results indicate that Cbfβ is a novel anabolic regulator for cartilage homeostasis, suggesting that Cbfβ could protect OA development by maintaining the integrity of the TGF-β signaling pathway in articular cartilage.
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Lee SY, Chae CH, Zrínyi M, Che X, Choi JY, Cho DH. Characterization of a conjugated polysuccinimide-carboplatin compound. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 27:31-38. [PMID: 36575931 PMCID: PMC9806637 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carboplatin, an advanced anticancer drug with excellent efficacy against ovarian cancer, was developed to alleviate the side effects that often occur with cisplatin and other platinum-based compounds. Our study reports the in vitro characteristics, viability, and activity of cells expressing the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene after carboplatin was conjugated with polysuccinimide (PSI) and administered in combination with other widely used anticancer drugs. PSI, which has promising properties as a drug delivery material, could provide a platform for prolonging carboplatin release, regulating its dosage, and improving its side effects. The iNOS gene has been shown to play an important role in both cancer cell survival and inhibition. Herein, we synthesized a PSI-carboplatin conjugate to create a modified anticancer agent and confirmed its successful conjugation. To ensure its solubility in water, we further modified the structure of the PSI-carboplatin conjugate with 2-aminoethanol groups. To validate its biological characteristics, the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 and normal ovarian Chinese hamster ovary cells were treated with the PSI-carboplatin conjugate alone and in combination with paclitaxel and topotecan, both of which are used in conventional chemotherapy. Notably, PSI-carboplatin conjugation can be used to predict changes in the genes involved in cancer growth and inhibition. In conclusion, combination treatment with the newly synthesized polymer-carboplatin conjugate and paclitaxel displayed anticancer activity against ovarian cancer cells but was not toxic to normal ovarian cancer cells, resulting in the development of an effective candidate anticancer drug without severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | | | - Miklós Zrínyi
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1089, Hungary
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Je Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyu Cho
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea,Correspondence Dong-Hyu Cho, E-mail:
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4
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Cho E, Che X, Ang MJ, Cheon S, Lee J, Kim KS, Lee CH, Lee SY, Yang HY, Moon C, Park C, Choi JY, Lee TH. Peroxiredoxin 5 regulates osteogenic differentiation through interaction with hnRNPK during bone regeneration. eLife 2023; 12:80122. [PMID: 36735291 PMCID: PMC9897727 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prdx5) is involved in pathophysiological regulation via the stress-induced cellular response. However, its function in the bone remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Prdx5 is involved in osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, resulting in osteoporotic phenotypes in Prdx5 knockout (Prdx5Ko) male mice. To investigate the function of Prdx5 in the bone, osteoblasts were analyzed through immunoprecipitation (IP) and liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods, while osteoclasts were analyzed through RNA-sequencing. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) was identified as a potential binding partner of Prdx5 during osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Prdx5 acts as a negative regulator of hnRNPK-mediated osteocalcin (Bglap) expression. In addition, transcriptomic analysis revealed that in vitro differentiated osteoclasts from the bone marrow-derived macrophages of Prdx5Ko mice showed enhanced expression of several osteoclast-related genes. These findings indicate that Prdx5 might contribute to the maintenance of bone homeostasis by regulating osteoblast differentiation. This study proposes a new function of Prdx5 in bone remodeling that may be used in developing therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Cho
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los BañosLos BañosPhilippines
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea,Proteomics Core Facility, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinkyung Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Molecular Medicine (BK21plus), Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- Therapeutic & Biotechnology Division, Drug Discovery Platform Research Center, Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Lee
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteOchangRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Yang
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation FoundationDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Skeletal Diseases Analysis Center, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Korea Mouse Phenotype Center (KMPC), Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
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Zhao H, Du S, Zhu Z, Jiang L, Che X, Qian H, Song J, Liu D, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Sun Y, Zhang W, Tang Y. 724P Anti-PD-1 antibody SHR-1210 combined with apatinib as adjuvant treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at high risk of recurrence after radical resection: Preliminary results from a multicenter, randomized, controlled phase II trial. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kim HJ, Lee DK, Jin X, Che X, Ryu SH, Choi JY. Phospholipase D2 controls bone homeostasis by modulating M-CSF-dependent osteoclastic cell migration and microtubule stability. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1146-1155. [PMID: 35945449 PMCID: PMC9440116 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D2 (PLD2), a signaling protein, plays a central role in cellular communication and various biological processes. Here, we show that PLD2 contributes to bone homeostasis by regulating bone resorption through osteoclastic cell migration and microtubule-dependent cytoskeletal organization. Pld2-deficient mice exhibited a low bone mass attributed to increased osteoclast function without altered osteoblast activity. While Pld2 deficiency did not affect osteoclast differentiation, its absence promoted the migration of osteoclast lineage cells through a mechanism involving M-CSF-induced activation of the PI3K–Akt–GSK3β signaling pathway. The absence of Pld2 also boosted osteoclast spreading and actin ring formation, resulting in elevated bone resorption. Furthermore, Pld2 deletion increased microtubule acetylation and stability, which were later restored by treatment with a specific inhibitor of Akt, an essential molecule for microtubule stabilization and osteoclast bone resorption activity. Interestingly, PLD2 interacted with the M-CSF receptor (c-Fms) and PI3K, and the association between PLD2 and c-Fms was reduced in response to M-CSF. Altogether, our findings indicate that PLD2 regulates bone homeostasis by modulating osteoclastic cell migration and microtubule stability via the M-CSF-dependent PI3K–Akt–GSK3β axis. A signaling protein that regulates bone resorption may prove a useful target in treating skeletal conditions such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Bone is synthesized by cells called osteoblasts, while osteoclasts trigger bone resorption, keeping the skeleton healthy. Imbalances in this recycling process are common in bone disorders. Je-Young Choi and Hyun-Ju Kim at Kyungpook National University in Daegu, South Korea, and co-workers demonstrated that phospholipase D2 (PLD2), a membrane protein, directly regulates bone resorption in mice. Mice without the Pld2 gene had increased osteoclast activity, resulting in low bone mass. The absence of PLD2 promotes the migration of osteoclasts via a particular signaling pathway. This increased the organization of microtubules, polymers that help form the cytoskeleton. The results suggest that regulating PLD2 activity could form the basis of a future treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Kyo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Tian J, Chung HK, Moon JS, Nga HT, Lee HY, Kim JT, Chang JY, Kang SG, Ryu D, Che X, Choi J, Tsukasaki M, Sasako T, Lee S, Shong M, Yi H. Skeletal muscle mitoribosomal defects are linked to low bone mass caused by bone marrow inflammation in male mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1785-1799. [PMID: 35306755 PMCID: PMC9178379 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is a critical regulator of skeletal muscle mass and function. Although muscle atrophy due to mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with bone loss, the biological characteristics of the relationship between muscle and bone remain obscure. We showed that muscle atrophy caused by skeletal muscle-specific CR6-interacting factor 1 knockout (MKO) modulates the bone marrow (BM) inflammatory response, leading to low bone mass. METHODS MKO mice with lower muscle OxPhos were fed a normal chow or high-fat diet and then evaluated for muscle mass and function, and bone mineral density. Immunophenotyping of BM immune cells was also performed. BM transcriptomic analysis was used to identify key factors regulating bone mass in MKO mice. To determine the effects of BM-derived CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12) on regulation of bone homeostasis, a variety of BM niche-resident cells were treated with recombinant CXCL12. Vastus lateralis muscle and BM immune cell samples from 14 patients with hip fracture were investigated to examine the association between muscle function and BM inflammation. RESULTS MKO mice exhibited significant reductions in both muscle mass and expression of OxPhos subunits but increased transcription of mitochondrial stress response-related genes in the extensor digitorum longus (P < 0.01). MKO mice showed a decline in grip strength and a higher drop rate in the wire hanging test (P < 0.01). Micro-computed tomography and von Kossa staining revealed that MKO mice developed a low mass phenotype in cortical and trabecular bone (P < 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis of the BM revealed that mitochondrial stress responses in skeletal muscles induce an inflammatory response and adipogenesis in the BM and that the CXCL12-CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor 4) axis is important for T-cell homing to the BM. Antagonism of CXCR4 attenuated BM inflammation and increased bone mass in MKO mice. In humans, patients with low body mass index (BMI = 17.2 ± 0.42 kg/m2 ) harboured a larger population of proinflammatory and cytotoxic senescent T-cells in the BMI (P < 0.05) and showed reduced expression of OxPhos subunits in the vastus lateralis, compared with controls with a normal BMI (23.7 ± 0.88 kg/m2 ) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Defects in muscle mitochondrial OxPhos promote BM inflammation in mice, leading to decreased bone mass. Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to BM inflammatory cytokine secretion via the CXCL12-CXCR4 signalling axis, which is critical for inducing low bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Tian
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Ji Sun Moon
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Ha Thi Nga
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Ho Yeop Lee
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Samsung Biomedical Research InstituteSamsung Medical CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanjiChina
| | - Je‐Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea
| | - Masayuki Tsukasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takayoshi Sasako
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Sang‐Hee Lee
- Bio‐Electron Microscopy Research Center (104‐Dong)Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongjuKorea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Hyon‐Seung Yi
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
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Che X, Park NR, Jin X, Jung YK, Han MS, Park CY, Chun JS, Kim SG, Jin J, Kim HJ, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, Choi JY. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α is a novel inhibitor of chondrocyte maturation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6963-6973. [PMID: 33748969 PMCID: PMC8662706 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic environment is essential for chondrocyte maturation and longitudinal bone growth. Although hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif-1α) has been known as a key player for chondrocyte survival and function, the function of Hif-2α in cartilage is mechanistically and clinically relevant but remains unknown. Here we demonstrated that Hif-2α was a novel inhibitor of chondrocyte maturation through downregulation of Runx2 stability. Mechanistically, Hif-2α binding to Runx2 inhibited chondrocyte maturation by Runx2 degradation through disrupting Runx2/Cbfβ complex formation. The Hif-2α-mediated-Runx2 degradation could be rescued by Cbfβ transfection due to the increase of Runx2/Cbfβ complex formation. Consistently, mesenchymal cells derived from Hif-2α heterozygous mice were more rapidly differentiated into hypertrophic chondrocytes than those of wild-type mice in a micromass culture system. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Hif-2α is a novel inhibitor for chondrocyte maturation by disrupting Runx2/Cbfβ complex formation and consequential regulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Na-Rae Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Youn-Kwan Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Soo Chun
- Cell Dynamics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingchun Jin
- Department of Immunology of Yanbian University Hospital, 133000, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
| | - Jane B. Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Brulington, VT 05405, U.S.A
| | - Janet L. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Brulington, VT 05405, U.S.A
| | - Gary S. Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Brulington, VT 05405, U.S.A
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944 Korea
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Kim HJ, Yoon HJ, Lee DK, Jin X, Che X, Choi JY. The estrogen-related receptor γ modulator, GSK5182, inhibits osteoclast differentiation and accelerates osteoclast apoptosis. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 33612148 PMCID: PMC8167243 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.5.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), a member of the orphan nuclear receptor family, is a key mediator in cellular metabolic processes and energy homeostasis. Therefore, ERRγ has become an attractive target for treating diverse metabolic disorders. We recently reported that ERRγ acts as a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). In the present study, we explored the effects of an ERRγ-specific modulator, GSK5182, on ERRγ-regulated osteoclast differentiation and survival. Interestingly, GSK5182 increased ERRγ protein levels much as does GSK4716, which is an ERRγ agonist. GSK5182 inhibited osteoclast generation from bone-marrow-derived macrophages without affecting cytotoxicity. GSK5182 also attenuated RANKL-mediated expression of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), pivotal transcription factors for osteoclastogenesis. Arrested osteoclast differentiation was associated with reduced RANK expression, but not with the M-CSF receptor, c-Fms. GSK5182 strongly blocked the phosphorylation of IκBα, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in response to RANKL. GSK5182 also suppressed NF-κB promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to osteoclastogenesis, GSK5182 accelerated osteoclast apoptosis by caspase-3 activation. Together, these results suggest that GSK5182, a synthetic ERRγ modulator, may have potential in treating disorders related to bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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10
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Kang DW, Hwang WC, Noh YN, Che X, Lee SH, Jang Y, Choi KY, Choi JY, Min DS. Deletion of phospholipase D1 decreases bone mass and increases fat mass via modulation of Runx2, β-catenin-osteoprotegerin, PPAR-γ and C/EBPα signaling axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166084. [PMID: 33497821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In osteoporosis, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prefer to differentiate into adipocytes at the expense of osteoblasts. Although the balance between adipogenesis and osteogenesis has been closely examined, the mechanism of commitment determination switch is unknown. Here we demonstrate that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) plays a key switch in determining the balance between bone and fat mass. Ablation of Pld1 reduced bone mass but increased fat in mice. Mechanistically, Pld1/- MSCs inhibited osteoblast differentiaion with diminished Runx2 expression, while osteoclast differentiation was accelerated in Pld1-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages. Pld1-/- osteoblasts showed decreased expression of osteogenic makers. Increased number and resorption activity of osteoclasts in Pld1-/- mice were corroborated with upregulation of osteoclastogenic markers. Moreover, Pld1-/- osteoblasts reduced β-catenin mediated-osteoprotegerin (OPG) with increased RANKL/OPG ratio which resulted in accelerated osteoclast differentiation. Thus, low bone mass with upregulated osteoclasts could be due to the contribution of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone remodeling. Moreover, ablation of Pld1 further increased bone loss in ovariectomized mice, suggesting that PLD1 is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, loss of PLD1 increased adipogenesis, body fat mass, and hepatic steatosis along with upregulation of PPAR-γ and C/EBPα. Interestingly, adipocyte-specific Pld1 transgenic mice rescued the compromised phenotypes of fat mass and adipogenesis in Pld1 knockout mice. Collectively, PLD1 regulated the bifurcating pathways of mesenchymal cell lineage into increased osteogenesis and decreased adipogenesis, which uncovered a previously unrecognized role of PLD1 in homeostasis between bone and fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Woo Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Chan Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Na Noh
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Soung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Jang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Chen Z, Cho E, Ding M, Seong J, Che X, Lee S, Park BJ, Choi JY, Lee TH. N-[2-(4-benzoyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2-(4-chlorophenoxy) acetamide is a novel inhibitor of resorptive bone loss in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1425-1438. [PMID: 33369010 PMCID: PMC7875930 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic balance between bone formation and bone resorption is vital for the retention of bone mass. The abnormal activation of osteoclasts, unique cells that degrade the bone matrix, may result in many bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Osteoporosis, a bone metabolism disease, occurs when extreme osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption outstrips osteoblast‐related bone synthesis. Therefore, it is of great interest to identify agents that can regulate the activity of osteoclasts and prevent bone loss‐induced bone diseases. In this study, we found that N‐[2‐(4‐benzoyl‐1‐piperazinyl)phenyl]‐2‐(4‐chlorophenoxy) acetamide (PPOAC‐Bz) exerted a strong inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis. PPOAC‐Bz altered the mRNA expressions of several osteoclast‐specific marker genes and blocked the formation of mature osteoclasts, suppressing F‐actin belt formation and bone resorption activity in vitro. In addition, PPOAC‐Bz prevented OVX‐induced bone loss in vivo. These findings highlighted the potential of PPOAC‐Bz as a prospective drug for the treatment of osteolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Eunjin Cho
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mina Ding
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jihyoun Seong
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Byung-Ju Park
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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12
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Kim HJ, Lee DK, Jin X, Che X, Choi JY. Oleoylethanolamide Exhibits GPR119-Dependent Inhibition of Osteoclast Function and GPR119-Independent Promotion of Osteoclast Apoptosis. Mol Cells 2020; 43:340-349. [PMID: 32050752 PMCID: PMC7191045 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), a bioactive lipid in bone, is known as an endogenous ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119). Here, we explored the effects of OEA on osteoclast differentiation, function, and survival. While OEA inhibits osteoclast resorptive function by disrupting actin cytoskeleton, it does not affect receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. OEA attenuates osteoclast spreading, blocks actin ring formation, and eventually impairs bone resorption. Mechanistically, OEA inhibits Rac activation in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), but not RANKL. Furthermore, the OEA-mediated cytoskeletal disorganization is abrogated by GPR119 knockdown using small hairpin RNA (shRNA), indicating that GPR119 is pivotal for osteoclast cytoskeletal organization. In addition, OEA induces apoptosis in both control and GPR119 shRNAtransduced osteoclasts, suggesting that GPR119 is not required for osteoclast apoptosis. Collectively, our findings reveal that OEA has inhibitory effects on osteoclast function and survival of mature osteoclasts via GPR119-dependent and GPR119-independent pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 PLUS KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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13
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Kim H, Yoon H, Park J, Che X, Jin X, Choi J. G protein‐coupled receptor 119 is involved in RANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation and fusion. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11490-11499. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Ju Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Hye‐Jin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Ji‐Wan Park
- Department of Biomedical Science School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Xian Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Je‐Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
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14
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Wang X, Che X, Fan Y, Bai M, Qu X. Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived VEGFA mediates the migration of gastric cancer cells through VEGFR1. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy268.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Cho DC, Park MK, Kim KT, Sung JK, Che X. Analysis of Computed Tomography Scan After Anterior Odontoid Screw Fixation with the Herbert Screw: Is It Effective to Reduce Fracture Gap? World Neurosurg 2018; 117:e631-e636. [PMID: 29940381 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess computed tomography scans to evaluate the extent of reduction of fracture displacement and fracture gap after anterior odontoid screw fixation using the Herbert screw. METHODS Thirty-seven odontoid fractures were reduced and treated by anterior odontoid screw fixation with the Herbert screw. There were 37 patients whose age ranged from 20 to 79 years. Three-dimensional computed tomography scans were obtained for all patients to assess the screw position, the presence of the penetration of superior cortex of dens, the extent of reduction of fracture displacement, and fracture gap. RESULTS Mean fracture displacement was 2.6 ± 3.2 mm before surgery; after the operation this value was 1.0 ± 1.5 mm. The difference in fracture gap between the preoperative and the postoperative state was -0.1 ± 1.1 mm, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.667). We achieved cortical purchase in only 16 of 37 patients (43.2%); cortical purchase was not obtained in 21 patients (56.7%) due to the fear of the risk of the damage of neural and vascular structures. Of these 21 patients who had no penetration of the superior cortex of dens, widening of the fracture gap occurred in 12 patients (57%), no change in 6 patients (29%), and there was shortening in 3 patients (14%). However, of the 16 patients with penetration of apical dens tip, we achieved significant reduction of fracture gap (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS To maximize reduction of fracture gap using the Herbert screw, it is essential to penetrate the apical dens tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Chul Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Man-Kyu Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Parkweonwook Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Kyung Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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16
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Qu J, Che X, Fan Y, Hou K, Guo T, Deng G, Song N, Li C, Wan X, Qu X, Liu Y. Exosomes promote cetuximab resistance via the PTEN/Akt pathway in colon cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 51:e6472. [PMID: 29160412 PMCID: PMC5685060 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab is widely used in patients with metastatic colon cancer expressing wildtype KRAS. However, acquired drug resistance limits its clinical efficacy. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles secreted by various cell types. Tumor cell-derived exosomes participate in many biological processes, including tumor invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this study, exosomes derived from cetuximab-resistant RKO colon cancer cells induced cetuximab resistance in cetuximab-sensitive Caco-2 cells. Meanwhile, exosomes from RKO and Caco-2 cells showed different levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phosphor-Akt. Furthermore, reduced PTEN and increased phosphorylated Akt levels were found in Caco-2 cells after exposure to RKO cell-derived exosomes. Moreover, an Akt inhibitor prevented RKO cell-derived exosome-induced drug resistance in Caco-2 cells. These findings provide novel evidence that exosomes derived from cetuximab-resistant cells could induce cetuximab resistance in cetuximab-sensitive cells, by downregulating PTEN and increasing phosphorylated Akt levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - J Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - X Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - K Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - T Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - G Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - N Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - C Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - X Wan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - X Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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17
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Zhang JW, Che X, Lan ZM, Chen YT, Huang XH, Jiang QL, Wang CF. [Surgical treatment and prognosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2017; 38:925-928. [PMID: 27998470 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (pNEC) is a highly malignant tumor.This study aimed to evaluate the role of surgery and the prognosis for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (pNEC). Methods: We collected and reviewed all clinical data of patients who underwent radical surgery for pNEC from Jan 2000 through Jan 2016 in our hospital. Cox-regression analysis wasused to evaluate the factors potentially influencing survival. Results: Twenty patients including 11 males and 9 females (median age, 62.5 years) were included in this study. All patients underwent radical surgery and 17 cases received postoperative platinum-based chemotherapy.The median follow-up time was 41 months (range, 1 to 127 months). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of the patients were 66.7%, 51.5% and 28.1%, with a median survival time of 75.3 months.The multivariate analysis indicated that tumor size and Ki-67 index were of prognostic significance. Conclusions: Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare but increasing in incidence. Patients with localized nonmetastatic primary tumors seem to benefit from surgery. Early diagnosis and multimodality therapy are key points of an improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - X Che
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Z M Lan
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Y T Chen
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - X H Huang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Q L Jiang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - C F Wang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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18
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Kweon H, Jo YY, Seok H, Kim SG, Chae WS, Sapru S, Kundu SC, Kim DW, Park NR, Che X, Choi JY. In vivo bone regeneration ability of different layers of natural silk cocoon processed using an eco-friendly method. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Abstract
Computational studies of protein and small molecule (protein-ligand/enzyme-substrate) interactions become more and more important in biological science and drug discovery. Computer modeling can provide molecular details of the processes such as conformational change, binding, and transportation of small molecules/proteins, which are not easily to be captured in experiments. In this chapter, we discussed simulation studies of both protein and small molecules from three aspects: conformation sampling, transportations of small molecules in enzymes, and enzymatic reactions involving small molecules. Both methodology developments and examples of simulation studies in this field were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - X Che
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Q Gao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, PR China; Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
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20
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Roettenbacher RM, Monnier JD, Korhonen H, Aarnio AN, Baron F, Che X, Harmon RO, Kővári Z, Kraus S, Schaefer GH, Torres G, Zhao M, ten Brummelaar TA, Sturmann J, Sturmann L. No Sun-like dynamo on the active star ζ Andromedae from starspot asymmetry. Nature 2016; 533:217-20. [PMID: 27144357 DOI: 10.1038/nature17444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sunspots are cool areas caused by strong surface magnetic fields that inhibit convection. Moreover, strong magnetic fields can alter the average atmospheric structure, degrading our ability to measure stellar masses and ages. Stars that are more active than the Sun have more and stronger dark spots than does the Sun, including on the rotational pole. Doppler imaging, which has so far produced the most detailed images of surface structures on other stars, cannot always distinguish the hemisphere in which the starspots are located, especially in the equatorial region and if the data quality is not optimal. This leads to problems in investigating the north-south distribution of starspot active latitudes (those latitudes with more starspot activity); this distribution is a crucial constraint of dynamo theory. Polar spots, whose existence is inferred from Doppler tomography, could plausibly be observational artefacts. Here we report imaging of the old, magnetically active star ζ Andromedae using long-baseline infrared interferometry. In our data, a dark polar spot is seen in each of two observation epochs, whereas lower-latitude spot structures in both hemispheres do not persist between observations, revealing global starspot asymmetries. The north-south symmetry of active latitudes observed on the Sun is absent on ζ And, which hosts global spot patterns that cannot be produced by solar-type dynamos.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Roettenbacher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J D Monnier
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - H Korhonen
- Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland.,Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - A N Aarnio
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - F Baron
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - X Che
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R O Harmon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 48103, USA
| | - Zs Kővári
- Konkoly Observatory, Research Center for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Hungary
| | - S Kraus
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,School of Physics, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK
| | - G H Schaefer
- Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State University, Mount Wilson, California 91023, USA
| | - G Torres
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Zhao
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - T A ten Brummelaar
- Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State University, Mount Wilson, California 91023, USA
| | - J Sturmann
- Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State University, Mount Wilson, California 91023, USA
| | - L Sturmann
- Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State University, Mount Wilson, California 91023, USA
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21
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Hornig M, Gottschalk G, Peterson DL, Knox KK, Schultz AF, Eddy ML, Che X, Lipkin WI. Cytokine network analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:261-9. [PMID: 25824300 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome is an unexplained debilitating disorder that is frequently associated with cognitive and motor dysfunction. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid from 32 cases, 40 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 19 normal subjects frequency-matched for age and sex using a 51-plex cytokine assay. Group-specific differences were found for the majority of analytes with an increase in cases of CCL11 (eotaxin), a chemokine involved in eosinophil recruitment. Network analysis revealed an inverse relationship between interleukin 1 receptor antagonist and colony-stimulating factor 1, colony-stimulating factor 2 and interleukin 17F, without effects on interleukin 1α or interleukin 1β, suggesting a disturbance in interleukin 1 signaling. Our results indicate a markedly disturbed immune signature in the cerebrospinal fluid of cases that is consistent with immune activation in the central nervous system, and a shift toward an allergic or T helper type-2 pattern associated with autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hornig
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Gottschalk
- Sierra Internal Medicine at Incline Village, Incline Village, NV, USA
| | - D L Peterson
- Sierra Internal Medicine at Incline Village, Incline Village, NV, USA
| | - K K Knox
- Coppe Healthcare Solutions, Waukesha, WI, USA.,Simmaron Research, Incline Village, NV, USA
| | - A F Schultz
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - M L Eddy
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - X Che
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - W I Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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22
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Lim KE, Park NR, Che X, Han MS, Jeong JH, Kim SY, Park CY, Akiyama H, Kim JE, Ryoo HM, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS, Choi JY. Core Binding Factor β of Osteoblasts Maintains Cortical Bone Mass via Stabilization of Runx2 in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:245. [PMID: 26804813 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Che X, Chi L, Park CY, Cho GH, Park N, Kim SG, Lee BH, Choi JY. A novel method to detect articular chondrocyte death during early stages of osteoarthritis using a non-invasive ApoPep-1 probe. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:309. [PMID: 26530111 PMCID: PMC4632461 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0832-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current methods for early diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) are limited. We assessed whether in vivo detection of chondrocyte death by ApoPep-1 (CQRPPR), a peptide that binds to histone H1 of apoptotic and necrotic cells, could be used to detect the initiation of OA. Methods Apoptosis-induced ATDC5 cells were labeled with Annexin V and ApoPep-1. Surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) was performed on both knees of 12-week-old male mice and severity of OA was determined by histological analysis according to the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) guidelines. At 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, mice were intravenously injected with fluorescence-labeled ApoPep-1 or control peptide and in vivo imaging was performed within 30 minutes of injection by near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF). Binding of ApoPep-1 to OA joints was demonstrated by ex vivo imaging and immunofluorescent staining using TUNEL and histone H1 and type II collagen antibodies. Results Strong signals of ApoPep-1 were observed on the apoptotic ATDC5 cells. Knees corresponded to grade II, III, and V OA at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after DMM, respectively. Between 2 and 8 weeks after surgery, the in vivo NIRF signal at OA-ApoPep1-injected joints was consistently stronger than sham-operated or OA-control peptide-injected joints. ApoPep-1, TUNEL, and histone H1 signals were stronger in grade II OA cartilage than sham-operated cartilage when detected by immunofluorescent staining. Type II collagen expression was similar between grade II OA and sham group. Conclusion ApoPep-1 can be used to detect OA in vivo by binding to apoptotic chondrocytes. This is a novel, sensitive, and rapid method which can detect apoptotic cells in OA rodent models soon after its onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lianhua Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea.
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyoung-Ho Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea.
| | - Narae Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea.
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Lim KE, Park NR, Che X, Han MS, Jeong JH, Kim SY, Park CY, Akiyama H, Kim JE, Ryoo HM, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS, Choi JY. Core Binding Factor β of Osteoblasts Maintains Cortical Bone Mass Via Stabilization of Runx2 in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1943. [PMID: 26390980 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Park NR, Lim KE, Han MS, Che X, Park CY, Kim JE, Taniuchi I, Bae SC, Choi JY. Core Binding Factor β Plays a Critical Role During Chondrocyte Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:162-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na-Rae Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Su Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Clara Yongjoo Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation; RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology; Kanagawa Japan
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute for Tumor Research; Chungbuk National University; College of Medicine; Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center; Cell and Matrix Research Institute; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program; Kyungpook National University School of Medicine; Daegu Republic of Korea
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26
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Lee J, Youn BU, Kim K, Kim JH, Lee DH, Seong S, Kim I, Han SH, Che X, Choi JY, Park YW, Kook H, Kim KK, Lim DS, Kim N. Mst2 Controls Bone Homeostasis by Regulating Osteoclast and Osteoblast Differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1597-607. [PMID: 25761670 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 2 (Mst2) plays a central role in the Hippo pathway, controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis during development. However, the roles of Mst2 in osteoclast and osteoblast development are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that mice deficient in Mst2 exhibit osteoporotic phenotypes with increased numbers of osteoclasts and decreased numbers of osteoblasts as shown by micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histomorphometric analyses. Osteoclast precursors lacking Mst2 exhibit increased osteoclastogenesis and Nfatc1, Acp5, and Oscar expression in response to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) exposure. Conversely, Mst2 overexpression in osteoclast precursors leads to the inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Osteoblast precursors deficient in Mst2 exhibit attenuated osteoblast differentiation and function by downregulating the expression of Runx2, Alpl, Ibsp, and Bglap. Conversely, ectopic expression of Mst2 in osteoblast precursors increases osteoblastogenesis. Finally, we demonstrate that the NF-κB pathway is activated by Mst2 deficiency during osteoclast and osteoblast development. Our findings suggest that Mst2 is involved in bone homeostasis, functioning as a reciprocal regulator of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation through the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bang Ung Youn
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kabsun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Initiatives Center, Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Semun Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Department of Rheumatology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Creative Research Initiatives Center, Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology (WCU), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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27
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Lim KE, Park NR, Che X, Han MS, Jeong JH, Kim SY, Park CY, Akiyama H, Kim JE, Ryoo HM, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS, Choi JY. Core binding factor β of osteoblasts maintains cortical bone mass via stabilization of Runx2 in mice. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:715-22. [PMID: 25358268 PMCID: PMC7363154 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Core binding factor beta (Cbfβ), the partner protein of Runx family transcription factors, enhances Runx function by increasing the binding of Runx to DNA. Null mutations of Cbfb result in embryonic death, which can be rescued by restoring fetal hematopoiesis but only until birth, where bone formation is still nearly absent. Here, we address a direct role of Cbfβ in skeletal homeostasis by generating osteoblast-specific Cbfβ-deficient mice (Cbfb(Δob/Δob) ) from Cbfb-floxed mice crossed with mice expressing Cre from the Col1a1 promoter. Cbfb(Δob/Δob) mice showed normal growth and development but exhibited reduced bone mass, particularly of cortical bone. The reduction of bone mass in Cbfb(Δob/Δob) mice is similar to the phenotype of mice with haploinsufficiency of Runx2. Although the number of osteoblasts remained unchanged, the number of active osteoblasts decreased in Cbfb(Δob/Δob) mice and resulted in lower mineral apposition rate. Immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that the expression of osteogenic markers, including Runx2, osterix, osteocalcin, and osteopontin, was significantly repressed in Cbfb(Δob/Δob) mice compared with wild-type mice. Cbfβ deficiency also reduced Runx2 protein levels in osteoblasts. The mechanism was revealed by forced expression of Cbfβ, which increased Runx2 protein levels in vitro by inhibiting polyubiquitination-mediated proteosomal degradation. Collectively, these findings indicate that Cbfβ stabilizes Runx2 in osteoblasts by forming a complex and thus facilitates the proper maintenance of bone mass, particularly cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Eun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Frye MJ, Firth C, Bhat M, Firth MA, Che X, Lee D, Williams SH, Lipkin WI. Preliminary Survey of Ectoparasites and Associated Pathogens from Norway Rats in New York City. J Med Entomol 2015; 52:253-9. [PMID: 26336309 PMCID: PMC4481720 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) is a reservoir of many zoonotic pathogens and lives in close proximity to humans in urban environments. Human infection with rodent-borne disease occurs either directly through contact with a rat or its excreta, or indirectly via arthropod vectors such as fleas and ticks. Here, we report on the diversity and abundance of ectoparasitic arthropod species and associated pathogenic bacteria from 133 Norway rats trapped over a 10-mo period in Manhattan, New York, NY. Norway rats were host to the tropical rat mite [Ornithonyssus bacoti (Hirst)], the spiny rat mite (Laelaps echidnina Berlese), Laelaps nuttalli Hirst, the spined rat louse [Polyplax spinulosa (Burmeister)], and the Oriental rat flea [(Xenopsylla cheopis) (Rothschild)], with an average of 1.7 species per individual. A flea index of 4.1 X. cheopis was determined, whereas previous studies in New York City reported 0.22 fleas per rat. Multiple species of pathogenic Bartonella were identified from Oriental rat fleas that were related to Bartonella tribocorum, Bartonella rochalimae, and Bartonella elizabethae. However, no evidence of Yersinia pestis or Rickettsia spp. infection was detected in fleas. The identification of multiple medically important ectoparasite species in New York City underscores the need for future efforts to fully characterize the diversity and distribution of ectoparasites on Norway rats, and assess the risk to humans of vector-borne disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Frye
- New York State IPM Program, 630W. North St., Geneva, NY 14456
| | - C Firth
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032 Current affiliation: CSIRO Biosecurity Flagship, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Bhat
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032 Current affiliation: The Nature Conservancy, North America Region, New York, NY
| | - M A Firth
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 Current affiliation: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1 G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - X Che
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032
| | - D Lee
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032
| | - S H Williams
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032
| | - W I Lipkin
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168th St., New York, NY 10032
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Schaefer GH, Brummelaar TT, Gies DR, Farrington CD, Kloppenborg B, Chesneau O, Monnier JD, Ridgway ST, Scott N, Tallon-Bosc I, McAlister HA, Boyajian T, Maestro V, Mourard D, Meilland A, Nardetto N, Stee P, Sturmann J, Vargas N, Baron F, Ireland M, Baines EK, Che X, Jones J, Richardson ND, Roettenbacher RM, Sturmann L, Turner NH, Tuthill P, van Belle G, von Braun K, Zavala RT, Banerjee DPK, Ashok NM, Joshi V, Becker J, Muirhead PS. The expanding fireball of Nova Delphini 2013. Nature 2014; 515:234-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Peterson BM, Grier CJ, Horne K, Pogge RW, Bentz MC, De Rosa G, Denney KD, Martini P, Sergeev SG, Kaspi S, Minezaki T, Zu Y, Kochanek CS, Siverd RJ, Shappee B, Araya Salvo C, Beatty TG, Bird JC, Bord DJ, Borman GA, Che X, Chen CT, Cohen SA, Dietrich M, Doroshenko VT, Drake T, Efimov YS, Free N, Ginsburg I, Henderson CB, King AL, Koshida S, Mogren K, Molina M, Mosquera AM, Motohara K, Nazarov SV, Okhmat DN, Pejcha O, Rafter S, Shields JC, Skowron DM, Skowron J, Valluri M, van Saders JL, Yoshii Y. REVERBERATION MAPPING OF THE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY NGC 7469. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/795/2/149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Che X, Liu X, Zhang X, Quinn M. Abnormal innervation of narrowed, uterine spiral arterioles in early pregnancy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 35:88-9. [PMID: 25093395 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.940293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X Che
- Departments of Gynaecology, Womens Hospital , Ja Xing
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32
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Kim SG, Jeong JH, Che X, Park YT, Lee SW, Jung ES, Choe S, Choi JY. Reconstruction of radial bone defect using gelatin sponge and a BMP-2 combination graft. BMB Rep 2014; 46:328-33. [PMID: 23790977 PMCID: PMC4133902 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.6.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many bioactive molecules like recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) have been developed for mineralized bone grafts, for which proper scaffolds are necessary to successfully apply the bioactive molecules. In this study, we tested the osteogenic efficacy of rhBMP-2 produced in-house in combination with gelatin sponge as the scaffold carrier in a rabbit radial defect model. The efficacy of the rhBMP-2 was determined by alkaline phosphatase activity assay of C2C12 cells. Two groups of ten rabbits each were treated with rhBMP-2/gelatin sponge, or gelatin sponge only. At 4 weeks, rhBMP-2/gelatin sponge grafts showed more bone regeneration than gelatin sponge grafts, as determined by X-ray radiography, micro-computed tomography, and histological analyses. At 8 weeks, rhBMP-2/gelatin sponge grafts exerted much stronger osteogenic effects. The study demonstrates the improved osteogenic efficacy of the rhBMP-2/gelatin sponge grafts in a rabbit radial bone defect model acting as a bone-inductive material. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(6): 328-333]
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Korea
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33
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Han MS, Che X, Cho GH, Park HR, Lim KE, Park NR, Jin JS, Jung YK, Jeong JH, Lee IK, Kato S, Choi JY. Functional cooperation between vitamin D receptor and Runx2 in vitamin D-induced vascular calcification. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83584. [PMID: 24349534 PMCID: PMC3861528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells has been implicated in the context of vascular calcification. We investigated the roles of vitamin D receptor (Vdr) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs in response to vitamin D3 using in vitro VSMCs cultures and in vivo in Vdr knockout (Vdr-/-) and Runx2 carboxy-terminus truncated heterozygous (Runx2+/ΔC) mice. Treatment of VSMCs with active vitamin D3 promoted matrix mineral deposition, and increased the expressions of Vdr, Runx2, and of osteoblastic genes but decreased the expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain in primary VSMCs cultures. Immunoprecipitation experiments suggested an interaction between Vdr and Runx2. Furthermore, silencing Vdr or Runx2 attenuated the procalcific effects of vitamin D3. Functional cooperation between Vdr and Runx2 in vascular calcification was also confirmed in in vivo mouse models. Vascular calcification induced by high-dose vitamin D3 was completely inhibited in Vdr-/- or Runx2+/ΔC mice, despite elevated levels of serum calcium or alkaline phosphatase. Collectively, these findings suggest that functional cooperation between Vdr and Runx2 is necessary for vascular calcification in response to vitamin D3.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Density Conservation Agents/adverse effects
- Bone Density Conservation Agents/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cholecalciferol/adverse effects
- Cholecalciferol/pharmacology
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Rats
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/chemically induced
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Su Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU and BK21 plus programs, CMRC, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU and BK21 plus programs, CMRC, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoung-ho Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU and BK21 plus programs, CMRC, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ri Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU and BK21 plus programs, CMRC, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU and BK21 plus programs, CMRC, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU and BK21 plus programs, CMRC, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU and BK21 plus programs, CMRC, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Kwan Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU and BK21 plus programs, CMRC, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU and BK21 plus programs, CMRC, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, WCU and BK21 plus programs, CMRC, Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Many biological traits are discretely distributed in phenotype but continuously distributed in genetics because they are controlled by multiple genes and environmental variants. Due to the quantitative nature of the genetic background, these multiple genes are called quantitative trait loci (QTL). When the QTL effects are treated as random, they can be estimated in a single generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), even if the number of QTL may be larger than the sample size. The GLMM in its original form cannot be applied to QTL mapping for discrete traits if there are missing genotypes. We examined two alternative missing genotype-handling methods: the expectation method and the overdispersion method. Simulation studies show that the two methods are efficient for multiple QTL mapping (MQM) under the GLMM framework. The overdispersion method showed slight advantages over the expectation method in terms of smaller mean-squared errors of the estimated QTL effects. The two methods of GLMM were applied to MQM for the female fertility trait of wheat. Multiple QTL were detected to control the variation of the number of seeded spikelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Che
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Lee SH, Che X, Jeong JH, Choi JY, Lee YJ, Lee YH, Bae SC, Lee YM. Runx2 protein stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α through competition with von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) and stimulates angiogenesis in growth plate hypertrophic chondrocytes. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:14760-71. [PMID: 22351759 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.340232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) during endochondral bone formation is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the cross-talk between HIF-1α and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the growth plate. Runx2 caused the accumulation of HIF-1α protein in ATDC5 chondrocytes and HEK293 cells under normoxic conditions. Runx2 also increased the nuclear translocation of HIF-1α when coexpressed in HEK293 cells and interacted with HIF-1α at the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODDD). In addition, Runx2 competed with von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein by directly binding to ODDD-HIF-1α and significantly inhibited the ubiquitination of HIF-1α, even though Runx2 did not change the hydroxylation status of HIF-1α. Furthermore, overexpression of Runx2 resulted in the significant enhancement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter reporter activity and protein secretion. Runx2 significantly increased angiogenic activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. In wild-type mice, HIF-1α and Runx2 were colocalized in hypertrophic chondrocytes in which the cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) protein was expressed at embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5). In contrast, the expression of HIF-1α was markedly reduced in areas of CD31 expression in Runx2(-/-) mice. These results suggest that Runx2 stabilizes HIF-1α by binding to ODDD to block the interaction between von Hippel-Lindau protein and HIF-1α. In conclusion, Runx2, HIF-1α, and VEGF may regulate vascular angiogenesis spatially and temporally in the hypertrophic zone of the growth plate during endochondral bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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36
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Nam SH, Jeong JH, Che X, Lim KE, Nam H, Park JS, Choi JY. Topically administered Risedronate shows powerful anti-osteoporosis effect in ovariectomized mouse model. Bone 2012; 50:149-55. [PMID: 22036912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the therapeutic effect of topical Risedronate (RIS) on a mouse model of estrogen-deficient osteoporosis. Fourteen-week-old female mice were ovariectomized and assigned to 4 groups: SHAM-operated (SHAM), OVX mice treated with vehicle (OVX-V), OVX mice treated with 0.2% RIS (OVX-0.2% RIS), and OVX-mice treated with 0.02% RIS (OVX-0.02% RIS). Topical samples containing RIS were prepared in 10% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 400) and 80 μg of sample was spread on the mice's mid-backs every 3 days for 5 weeks. Micro-CT analysis of femora demonstrated that OVX-0.2% RIS exhibited a 29% greater bone mineral density and 24% greater bone volume fraction than that of OVX-V group. Investigation of the trabecular bone in OVX-0.2% RIS revealed a 24% higher bone volume (BV/TV), 51% higher trabecular number (Tb.N), and 40% lower trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) compared to OVX-V mice. Additionally, bone phenotypes of tibiae were further confirmed by histological analysis. OVX-0.2% RIS group exhibited a 494% greater BV/TV, 464% less Tb.Sp, 81% greater active osteoclast surface (Oc.S/BS) and 26% less osteoclast number (N.Oc/BS) than that of OVX-V group. Collectively, these results indicated that topical delivery of RIS has powerful pharmaceutical effects on the prevention of osteoporosis and bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Nam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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37
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Lu XH, Che X, Shi L, Han JF, Lian ZX, Li YQ. Theoretical study on the mechanism of extraction reaction between silylene carbene and its derivatives and thiirane. Russ J Phys Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024410130194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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He L, Ding Y, Zhang Q, Che X, He Y, Shen H, Wang H, Li Z, Zhao L, Geng J, Deng Y, Yang L, Li J, Cai J, Qiu L, Wen K, Xu X, Jiang S. Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS. J Pathol 2006; 210:288-97. [PMID: 17031779 PMCID: PMC7167655 DOI: 10.1002/path.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The authors have previously shown that acute lung injury (ALI) produces a wide spectrum of pathological processes in patients who die of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and that the SARS coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) nucleoprotein is detectable in the lungs, and other organs and tissues, in these patients. In the present study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays were used to analyse the expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV spike (S) protein, and some pro‐inflammatory cytokines (PICs) including MCP‐1, TGF‐β1, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in autopsy tissues from four patients who died of SARS. SARS‐CoV S protein and its RNA were only detected in ACE2+ cells in the lungs and other organs, indicating that ACE2‐expressing cells are the primary targets for SARS‐CoV infection in vivo in humans. High levels of PICs were expressed in the SARS‐CoV‐infected ACE2+ cells, but not in the uninfected cells. These results suggest that cells infected by SARS‐CoV produce elevated levels of PICs which may cause immuno‐mediated damage to the lungs and other organs, resulting in ALI and, subsequently, multi‐organ dysfunction. Therefore application of PIC antagonists may reduce the severity and mortality of SARS. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- L He
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Ding
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Che
- Centre Laboratory of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y He
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Shen
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Wang
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Geng
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Deng
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Cai
- Department of Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Qiu
- Centre Laboratory of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - K Wen
- Centre Laboratory of Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Xu
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - S Jiang
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
- Antiviral Research Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Present address:
Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
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Yang BC, Guan YF, Huang WD, Che X. [Laser-induced fluorescence detection in micro-column separation]. Se Pu 2001; 19:503-7. [PMID: 12545459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence detection (LIFD) has been used extensively in micro-column separation due to its high sensitivity and selectivity. A review is presented on the present status and the trends of development of LIF detector with 52 references cited. The detection cells of the LIFD are mainly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Yang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116012, China
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40
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Cai J, Hu J, Che X. [Prognosis of patients with primary liver carcinoma treated with local resection]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2001; 39:753-5. [PMID: 16201186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss the prognosis of primary liver carcinoma treated with local resection and factors affecting prognosis. METHODS The data on 130 patients who had been treated from October 1989 to October 1995 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Curative local resection was performed in 130 patients. Death rate of operation was 0.7%, and the incidence of complications 16.1% (n = 18). The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 82.1%, 60.6% ,48.2%, respectively. Involvement of blood vessels or liver capsules as well as the increase of AST before operation are the significant factors affecting prognosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Local resection is a method characterized by little damage, less bleeding, less complication and good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cai
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Univon Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Huo H, Wang XF, Che X, Huang WD. [Study on the characters of hydrogen bonds in protein and nucleic acid of the breast cancer tissues]. Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi 2001; 21:614-616. [PMID: 12945310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Some remarkable spectral differences are observed between the normal breast tissues and breast cancer tissues, including those of association pattern and degree of the hydrogen bonds in the protein and nucleic acid biomacromolecules. These differences are found in the relative intensity, absorption position and shape of the characteristic bands: (1) amide I band, stretching vibration bands of N-H group and C-O(H) in the residues of some amino-acids, and (2) the relative intensity of asymmetric stretching vibration of the phosphodiester group in nucleic acid. The hydrogen bond is the major force which maintain and promote the formation of the high structure of protein and nucleic acid. It is possible to diagnose the breast cancer and forecast the possibility of canceration using above spectral characters of the hydrogen bond with other spectral characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Huo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116012, China
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42
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Abstract
Focal cerebral ischemia elicits an inflammatory response characterized by the infiltration and accumulation of leukocytes, as well as the secretion of inflammatory mediators (Clark et al., Brain Res. Bull., 35 (1994) 387-392; Garcia et al., Am. J. Pathol., 144 (1994) 188-199; Wang et al., J. Neurochem. 71 (1998) 1194-1204). Leukocytes eliminate microbial invaders and necrotizing tissue debris, and can also turn against surrounding healthy tissue and exacerbate tissue injury (Furie and Randolph, Am. J. Pathol., 146 (1995) 1287-1301; Kochanek and Hallenbeck, Stroke 23 (1992) 1367-1379). Inflammatory mediators are considered to play an important role in attracting and stimulating leukocytes (Weiss, N. Engl. J. Med., 320 (1989) 365-376). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) functions as an inflammatory mediator, whose source and role in focal cerebral ischemia is worth studying. MCP-1, a potent chemoattractant factor, may play an important role in ischemia-induced inflammatory response. The aim of the present study is to determine the time course and cell type of MCP-1 protein expression after permanent focal ischemia in mice. ELISA and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of MCP-1 protein after 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 12 h, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days of middle cerebral artery occlusion (n=3-5 in each group). Double-labeled fluorescent staining was used to examine the cellular localization of MCP-1. The results demonstrated that MCP-1 expression was mainly observed in the ischemic core after 12 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion, then gradually increased and extended to the ischemic perifocal area. MCP-1 expression peaked at 2 days and 3 days, and gradually decreased after 5 days of MCAO. Double-labeled immunostaining for MCP-1 and neuron specific enolase (NSE) or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) showed that MCP-1 positive neurons were observed as early as 12 h of ischemia, while MCP-1 positive astrocytes were observed after 2 days of ischemia. These results support the functional role of MCP-1 in ischemic brain injury and reveal a distinct temporal and spatial expression of MCP-1 in cells believed to be neurons and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 5550 Kresge I/0532, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, 48109-0532, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Che X, Piestun D, Mawassi M, Yang G, Satyanarayana T, Gowda S, Dawson WO, Bar-Joseph M. 5'-coterminal subgenomic RNAs in citrus tristeza virus-infected cells. Virology 2001; 283:374-81. [PMID: 11336562 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2001.0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three unusual 5' coterminal positive-stranded subgenomic (sg) RNAs, two of about 0.8 kb and one of 10 kb (designated LMT1, LMT2, and LaMT, respectively), from Citrus spp. plants and Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts infected with Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) were characterized. The 5' termini of the LMT RNAs were mapped by runoff reverse transcription and found to correspond with the 5' terminus of the genomic RNA. The LMT 5'-coterminal sgRNAs consisted of two modal lengths of 744--746 and 842--854 nts. The 3' of the LaMT RNAs terminated near the junction of ORF 1b and ORF 2 (p33). None of the 5' sgRNAs had detectable amounts of corresponding negative-sense RNAs, as occurs with the genomic and 3' coterminal subgenomic RNAs of CTV. The abundance of the short and long 5' sgRNAs differed considerably in infected cells. The LMT RNAs were considerably more abundant than the genomic RNAs, while the larger LaMT RNA accumulated to much lower levels. The kinetics of accumulation of LMT1 and LMT2 in synchronously infected protoplasts differed. The larger RNA, LMT1, accumulated earlier with a strong hybridization signal at 2 days postinfection, a time when only traces of genomic and 3' sgRNAs were detected. The lack of corresponding RNAs, that could be 3' cleavage products corresponding to the 5' coterminal sgRNAs and the lack of complementary negative strands, suggest that these sgRNAs were produced by termination during the synthesis of the genomic positive strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Che
- The S. Tolkowsky Laboratory, Department of Virology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Ishigami S, Natsugoe S, Hokita S, Che X, Tokuda K, Nakajo A, Iwashige H, Tokushige M, Watanabe T, Takao S, Aikou T. Clinical importance of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels in gastric cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001; 32:41-4. [PMID: 11154168 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200101000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 are commonly measured before surgery for gastric carcinoma, this clinical significance is not fully understood. We evaluated a total of 549 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy. Levels of CEA and CA19-9 were measured preoperatively in all patients. We retrospectively analyzed correlations between CEA or CA19-9 and clinicopathologic features, and estimated the prognostic utility of the tumor markers by analyzing clinicopathologic characteristics of the carcinoma as a function of seropositivity or negativity of the antigens in combination or by raising the levels. The positivity rates of CEA (> or =5 ng/mL) and CA19-9 (> or =37 U/mL) were 19.5% and 18%, respectively. Serum CEA and CA19-9 positivity significantly correlated with depth of invasion, hepatic metastasis, and curativity. Forty-nine patients positive for both CEA and CA19-9 had significantly higher frequencies of lymph node metastasis, deeper invasion by the tumor, lower rates of curative resection (p < 0.01), and higher rates of hepatic metastasis (p < 0.05) than 377 patients with normal levels of CEA and CA19-9. Surgical outcomes of patients who were CEA- and CA19-9-positive were poorer than those of patients with normal CEA and CA19-9 levels (p < 0.01). Significant correlation was found between serum CEA and CA19-9 level (p < 0.001, r = 0.24). Doubling the threshold level of serum positivity to 10 ng/mL (CEA) and 74 U/mL (CA19-9) improved the prognostic value of these factors. However, multivariate analysis using Cox's hazards model revealed that only CEA positivity using the doubled threshold value (10 ng/mL) (p = 0.04, hazard ratio = 1.7), nodal involvement (p = 0.01, hazard ratio = 1.9), and depth of invasion (p = 0.02 hazard ratio = 1.5) significantly predicted prognosis. Carcinoembryonic antigen positivity using the doubled threshold level (10 ng/mL) was an important prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ishigami
- First Department of Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Sakuragaoka, Japan.
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Takao S, Che X, Fukudome T, Natsugoe S, Ozawa M, Aikou T. Down-regulation of E-cadherin by antisense oligonucleotide enhances basement membrane invasion of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Hum Cell 2000; 13:15-21. [PMID: 10937343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma shows a marked invasiveness around tissues lymph node and/or hematogenous metastases resulting in poor prognoses of the patients. We examined on whether E-cadherin is associated with these malignant behaviors of pancreatic carcinoma cells using a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line, JHP-1. Immunohistochemically, E-cadherin expression of JHP-1 cells was remarkably inhibited by treatment with E-cadherin antisense oligonucleotide. By invasion-MTT assay, JHP-1 cells treated with E-cadherin antisense oligonucleotide showed a significant increase of invasiveness compared to those treated with the control oligonucleotide (P < 0.001), whereas the proliferation of JHP-1 cells was not affected by the presence of either E-cadherin antisense or control oligonucleotide. Thus, down-regulation of E-cadherin of pancreatic carcinoma cells induced the invasiveness into the basement membrane. These results suggest that the reduction in E-cadherin expression plays a key role not only in detachment of cell-cell adhesion but also in invasion and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takao
- First Department of Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are a group of effector cells that act nonspecifically against tumor cells. The correlation between intratumoral NK cell infiltration and clinicopathologic features remains unclear. METHODS The authors selected 146 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent gastrectomy at Kagoshima University Hospital between 1985-1995. Immunohistochemical staining with the CD57 antibody was performed for the evaluation of NK cell infiltration. A total of 25 areas containing CD57 positive cells were selected and the number of NK cells were counted (magnification, x200). The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with a high level of NK infiltration (n = 39) (>25 NK cells/25 high-power fields [HPF]) and patients with a low level of NK infiltration (n = 107) (<25 NK cells/25 HPF). Intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration also was counted in 25 areas at a magnification of x200. Patients were classified into a high infiltrating lymphocyte (IL) group (n = 69) (>150 cells/HPF) and a low IL group (n = 77) (<150 cells/HPF). The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze surgical outcome. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate prognostic factors. RESULTS Patients with a high level of NK infiltration had a higher rate of early gastric carcinoma, fewer metastases to the lymph nodes (P < 0.01), and less lymphatic invasion (P < 0.05) than patients with a low level of NK infiltration. NK cell infiltration also was found to correlate with depth of invasion, clinical stage, and venous invasion. There was no correlation between NK cells and lymphocytic infiltration (P = 0.07; correlation coefficient = 0.15). The 5-year survival rate of patients with a high rate of NK infiltration was 78%, which was significantly better than that of patients with a low level of NK infiltration (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis did not show NK cell infiltration to be a significant prognostic factor. Combination analysis of the number of NK cells and lymphocytic infiltration was shown to be an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.02; hazard ratio = 1.32). CONCLUSIONS Patients with a high level of NK infiltration were found to have a better prognosis than those with a low level of NK infiltration. Combination analysis with lymphocytic infiltration may provide useful information regarding the immunologic condition of patients with gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ishigami
- First Department of Surgery, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima, Japan
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Zhu X, Zhang L, Chen J, Wang L, Che X. [The application quantitative structure-retention relationship of GC to aid MS qualitative analysis]. Se Pu 1999; 17:351-3. [PMID: 12552847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a method, based on the prediction of the Kovats retention indices of related polysubstituted alkylbenzenes from the indices of benzene, monsubstituted alkylbenzenes and disubstituted alkylbenzenes, was used to aid qualitative analysis with mass spectrometry alone. A disproportinated aromatic product and the basic compounds of alkylbenzene were analyzed with gas chromatography isothermally at 100 degrees C separately. In order to cut down the analysis time and increase the resolution, the disproportionated aromatic product was analyzed using temperature programming with gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). The Kovats retention indices of the basic compounds were determined and those of the polysubstituted alkylbenzenes were predicted with the method which was proposed by us previously. The isomers of polysubstituted alkylbenzenes have similar mass spectra, so they can not be identified unambiguously by MS alone. For the differences of the Kovats retention index between isomers of polysubstituted alkylbenzenes are larger, it can be identified by matching the experimental retention indices with the predicted ones. The positional isomers of polysubstituted alkylbenzenes which are very difficult to be interpreted by MS alone have been identified explicitly.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116012
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Wu S, Ma J, Che X, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao J, Shen F, Xie T, Trojan J, Wu M, Guo Y. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with the cellular tumor vaccines generated by in vitro modification of tumor cells with non gene transfer approaches. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999; 451:283-93. [PMID: 10026886 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5357-1_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Anti-tumor immune responses are mediated primarily by T cells. Down regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the molecules that costimulate the immune responses is associated with defective signaling of tumor cells for T cell activation. In vitro fusion of autologous tumor cells with antigen presenting cells (APCs) or treatment of tumor cells with a combination of cytokines significantly increased the expression of MHC class I and adhesion molecules on tumor cell surfaces that costimulate host immune responses. The hybrid cells generated by fusion of tumor cells with APCs and the tumor cells treated in vitro with a combination of cytokines and pre-incubated with a bispecific monoclonal antibody (bi-Mab) cross-linking antigen on tumor cells to CD28 on T cells, become immunogenic and able to stimulate naive T cells with generation of tumor specific cytotoxic T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Immunization with the modified tumor cells elicits an immune response mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This response protected against a parental tumor cell challenge and cured established tumors. The approach was effective in both low immunogenic and non-immunogenic tumor systems. Modification of tumor cells with tumor:APC fusion or the two-step procedure may provide a strategy for development of tumor vaccines that is effective for cancer immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Female
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Hybrid Cells/immunology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Biotechnology, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, Tonghe, P.R. China
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Yang G, Che X, Gofman R, Ben-Shalom Y, Piestun D, Gafny R, Mawassi M, Bar-Joseph M. D-RNA molecules associated with subisolates of the VT strain of citrus tristeza virus which induce different seedling-yellows reactions. Virus Genes 1999; 19:5-13. [PMID: 10499445 PMCID: PMC7089288 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008105004407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) strains were previously catalogued as seedling-yellows (SY) and non-SY (nSY) types, according to their yellowing and stunting effects on indicator seedlings. Among subisolates of the VT strain, which were selected from chronically infected Alemow plants, there was a correlation between the presence of 2.4-, 2.7- and 4.5-kb D-RNAs, and SY and nSY reactions, respectively. Similarly, plants infected with Mor-T subisolates, which cause SY, contained D-RNAs of 2.6 to 2.8 kb, while nSY subisolates from recovered sour orange tissue contained a major D-RNA of 5.1 kb. Plants harboring the 2.7-kb D-RNA were protected against challenge inoculation with a subisolate harboring the 4.5-kb D-RNA. This study suggests that the nSY reaction results either from the absence of SY gene(s) in the genomes of certain CTV strains or through the suppression of the effects of SY gene(s) by D-RNAs with 5' parts larger than 4000nt.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- The S. Tolkowsky Laboratory, Department of Virology, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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50
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Che X, Hokita S, Natsugoe S, Tanabe G, Baba M, Takao S, Aikou T. Tumor angiogenesis related to growth pattern and lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 1998; 111:1090-3. [PMID: 11263371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between angiogenesis and tumor growth pattern as well as the lymph node metastasis to reveal the significance of vascularity in the early stage of gastric cancer. METHODS 97 specimens from patients with early gastric cancer were studied by immunohistochemical method using anti-factor VIII related antigen antibody. RESULTS Microvessel count was related to tumor growth pattern. The mean vessel count was higher in superficially spreading and penetrating types of tumors. Lymph node metastasis was correlated to microvessel count. Tumors with lymph node metastasis had higher microvessel counts than those without lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS In the early stage of gastric carcinoma, angiogenesis is correlated with tumor growth pattern and lymph node metastasis. Identification of tumors with high density of vascularization is beneficial for closer follow-up and adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Che
- First Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-0075 Japan
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