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Tian J, Chung HK, Moon JS, Nga HT, Lee HY, Kim JT, Chang JY, Kang SG, Ryu D, Che X, Choi J, Tsukasaki M, Sasako T, Lee S, Shong M, Yi H. Skeletal muscle mitoribosomal defects are linked to low bone mass caused by bone marrow inflammation in male mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1785-1799. [PMID: 35306755 PMCID: PMC9178379 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is a critical regulator of skeletal muscle mass and function. Although muscle atrophy due to mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with bone loss, the biological characteristics of the relationship between muscle and bone remain obscure. We showed that muscle atrophy caused by skeletal muscle-specific CR6-interacting factor 1 knockout (MKO) modulates the bone marrow (BM) inflammatory response, leading to low bone mass. METHODS MKO mice with lower muscle OxPhos were fed a normal chow or high-fat diet and then evaluated for muscle mass and function, and bone mineral density. Immunophenotyping of BM immune cells was also performed. BM transcriptomic analysis was used to identify key factors regulating bone mass in MKO mice. To determine the effects of BM-derived CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12) on regulation of bone homeostasis, a variety of BM niche-resident cells were treated with recombinant CXCL12. Vastus lateralis muscle and BM immune cell samples from 14 patients with hip fracture were investigated to examine the association between muscle function and BM inflammation. RESULTS MKO mice exhibited significant reductions in both muscle mass and expression of OxPhos subunits but increased transcription of mitochondrial stress response-related genes in the extensor digitorum longus (P < 0.01). MKO mice showed a decline in grip strength and a higher drop rate in the wire hanging test (P < 0.01). Micro-computed tomography and von Kossa staining revealed that MKO mice developed a low mass phenotype in cortical and trabecular bone (P < 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis of the BM revealed that mitochondrial stress responses in skeletal muscles induce an inflammatory response and adipogenesis in the BM and that the CXCL12-CXCR4 (C-X-C chemokine receptor 4) axis is important for T-cell homing to the BM. Antagonism of CXCR4 attenuated BM inflammation and increased bone mass in MKO mice. In humans, patients with low body mass index (BMI = 17.2 ± 0.42 kg/m2 ) harboured a larger population of proinflammatory and cytotoxic senescent T-cells in the BMI (P < 0.05) and showed reduced expression of OxPhos subunits in the vastus lateralis, compared with controls with a normal BMI (23.7 ± 0.88 kg/m2 ) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Defects in muscle mitochondrial OxPhos promote BM inflammation in mice, leading to decreased bone mass. Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to BM inflammatory cytokine secretion via the CXCL12-CXCR4 signalling axis, which is critical for inducing low bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Tian
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Ji Sun Moon
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Ha Thi Nga
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Ho Yeop Lee
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonKorea
- Samsung Biomedical Research InstituteSamsung Medical CenterSeoulKorea
| | - Xiangguo Che
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and ImmunologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian UniversityYanjiChina
| | - Je‐Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea
| | - Masayuki Tsukasaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Takayoshi Sasako
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Sang‐Hee Lee
- Bio‐Electron Microscopy Research Center (104‐Dong)Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongjuKorea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
| | - Hyon‐Seung Yi
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonKorea
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Immune SystemChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeonKorea
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Yu HM, Chung HK, Park KS. The PDE5 inhibitor udenafil ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by improving mitochondrial function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 558:57-63. [PMID: 33895552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a series of diseases, including simple steatosis, caused by the excessive accumulation of fat in hepatocytes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with inflammation and fibrosis, and more advanced forms of cirrhosis. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying fatty liver and the progression from simple fatty liver to hepatitis and cirrhosis remain unclear. One potentially unifying mechanism may be a dysregulation of free fatty acid oxidation. The oversupply of fatty acids to the liver can result in mitochondrial dysfunction leading to the accumulation of lipids in the liver. Interestingly, there have been several reports showing that inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) can increase mitochondrial biogenesis, preserve mitochondrial function in vitro. And, we have recently demonstrated that the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor udenafil improves insulin sensitivity by increasing mitochondrial function in adipocytes. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of the PDE5 inhibitor udenafil on NAFLD in the ob/ob mouse model. Treatment of ob/ob mice for 6 weeks with udenafil reduced fat mass and fasting glucose. Importantly, udenafil caused a reduction in lipid accumulation in the liver of these mice, including hepatic triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol levels. Mechanistically, udenafil decreased the proinflammatory cytokines in the liver. Also, udenafil increased the levels in the liver of the important lipolytic enzymes and the levels of several mitochondrial β-oxidation related genes. Similar effects were seen in udenafil treated primary hepatocytes. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the results from our study suggest that udenafil may be an effective treatment for NAFLD by improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hea Min Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kang Seo Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Kang SG, Choi MJ, Jung SB, Chung HK, Chang JY, Kim JT, Kang YE, Lee JH, Hong HJ, Jun SM, Ro HJ, Suh JM, Kim H, Auwerx J, Yi HS, Shong M. Differential roles of GDF15 and FGF21 in systemic metabolic adaptation to the mitochondrial integrated stress response. iScience 2021; 24:102181. [PMID: 33718833 PMCID: PMC7920832 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of mitochondrial proteostasis provokes cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous responses that contribute to homeostatic adaptation. Here, we demonstrate distinct metabolic effects of hepatic metabokines as cell non-autonomous factors in mice with mitochondrial OxPhos dysfunction. Liver-specific mitochondrial stress induced by a loss-of-function mutation in Crif1 (LKO) leads to aberrant oxidative phosphorylation and promotes the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. LKO mice are highly insulin sensitive and resistant to diet-induced obesity. The hepatocytes of LKO mice secrete large quantities of metabokines, including GDF15 and FGF21, which confer metabolic benefits. We evaluated the metabolic phenotypes of LKO mice with global deficiency of GDF15 or FGF21 and show that GDF15 regulates body and fat mass and prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis, whereas FGF21 upregulates insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue. This study reveals that the mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISRmt) in liver mediates metabolic adaptation through hepatic metabokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Hong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Jun
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Ro
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.,Convergent Research Center for Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myoung Suh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Choi MJ, Jung SB, Lee SE, Kang SG, Lee JH, Ryu MJ, Chung HK, Chang JY, Kim YK, Hong HJ, Kim H, Kim HJ, Lee CH, Mardinoglu A, Yi HS, Shong M. An adipocyte-specific defect in oxidative phosphorylation increases systemic energy expenditure and protects against diet-induced obesity in mouse models. Diabetologia 2020; 63:837-852. [PMID: 31925461 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is essential for energy production and survival. However, the tissue-specific and systemic metabolic effects of OxPhos function in adipocytes remain incompletely understood. METHODS We used adipocyte-specific Crif1 (also known as Gadd45gip1) knockout (AdKO) mice with decreased adipocyte OxPhos function. AdKO mice fed a normal chow or high-fat diet were evaluated for glucose homeostasis, weight gain and energy expenditure (EE). RNA sequencing of adipose tissues was used to identify the key mitokines affected in AdKO mice, which included fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). For in vitro analysis, doxycycline was used to pharmacologically decrease OxPhos in 3T3L1 adipocytes. To identify the effects of GDF15 and FGF21 on the metabolic phenotype of AdKO mice, we generated AdKO mice with global Gdf15 knockout (AdGKO) or global Fgf21 knockout (AdFKO). RESULTS Under high-fat diet conditions, AdKO mice were resistant to weight gain and exhibited higher EE and improved glucose tolerance. In vitro pharmacological and in vivo genetic inhibition of OxPhos in adipocytes significantly upregulated mitochondrial unfolded protein response-related genes and secretion of mitokines such as GDF15 and FGF21. We evaluated the metabolic phenotypes of AdGKO and AdFKO mice, revealing that GDF15 and FGF21 differentially regulated energy homeostasis in AdKO mice. Both mitokines had beneficial effects on obesity and insulin resistance in the context of decreased adipocyte OxPhos, but only GDF15 regulated EE in AdKO mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present study demonstrated that the adipose tissue adaptive mitochondrial stress response affected systemic energy homeostasis via cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous pathways. We identified novel roles for adipose OxPhos and adipo-mitokines in the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis and EE, which facilitated adaptation of an organism to local mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Hong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Animal Model Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
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Jung SB, Choi MJ, Ryu D, Yi HS, Lee SE, Chang JY, Chung HK, Kim YK, Kang SG, Lee JH, Kim KS, Kim HJ, Kim CS, Lee CH, Williams RW, Kim H, Lee HK, Auwerx J, Shong M. Reduced oxidative capacity in macrophages results in systemic insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1551. [PMID: 29674655 PMCID: PMC5908799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative functions of adipose tissue macrophages control the polarization of M1-like and M2-like phenotypes, but whether reduced macrophage oxidative function causes systemic insulin resistance in vivo is not clear. Here, we show that mice with reduced mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) due to myeloid-specific deletion of CR6-interacting factor 1 (Crif1), an essential mitoribosomal factor involved in biogenesis of OxPhos subunits, have M1-like polarization of macrophages and systemic insulin resistance with adipose inflammation. Macrophage GDF15 expression is reduced in mice with impaired oxidative function, but induced upon stimulation with rosiglitazone and IL-4. GDF15 upregulates the oxidative function of macrophages, leading to M2-like polarization, and reverses insulin resistance in ob/ob mice and HFD-fed mice with myeloid-specific deletion of Crif1. Thus, reduced macrophage oxidative function controls systemic insulin resistance and adipose inflammation, which can be reversed with GDF15 and leads to improved oxidative function of macrophages. M1-like polarization of macrophages is thought to control adipose inflammation and associated insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Here the authors show that macrophage-specific deletion of the OxPhos-related gene Crif1 results in an M1-like phenotype in mice, and that the effects can be reversed by recombinant GDF15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Biology, Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Cuk-Seong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34051, Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34051, Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.
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Park EC, Lim JS, Kim SI, Lee SY, Tak YK, Choi CW, Yun S, Park J, Lee M, Chung HK, Kim KS, Na YG, Shin JH, Kim GH. Proteomic Analysis of Urothelium of Rats with Detrusor Overactivity Induced by Bladder Outlet Obstruction. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:948-960. [PMID: 29414759 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is a condition that has four symptoms: urgency, urinary frequency, nocturia, and urge incontinence and negatively affects a patient's life. Recently, it is considered that the urinary bladder urothelium is closely linked to pathogenesis of OAB. However, the mechanisms of pathogenesis of OAB at the molecular level remain poorly understood, mainly because of lack of modern molecular analysis. The goal of this study is to identify a potential target protein that could act as a predictive factor for effective diagnosis and aid in the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of OAB syndrome. We produced OAB in a rat model and performed the first proteomic analysis on the mucosal layer (urothelium) of the bladders of sham control and OAB rats. The resulting data revealed the differential expression of 355 proteins in the bladder urothelium of OAB rats compared with sham subjects. Signaling pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in the inflammatory response and apoptosis. Our findings suggest a new target for accurate diagnosis of OAB that can provide essential information for the development of drug treatment strategies as well as establish criteria for screening patients in the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Changkyun Park
- From the ‡Drug & Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.,§Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,¶Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lim
- ‖Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- From the ‡Drug & Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.,§Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.,¶Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeop Lee
- From the ‡Drug & Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.,§Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyung Tak
- From the ‡Drug & Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Won Choi
- From the ‡Drug & Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.,**Tunneling Nanotube Research Center, Division of Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Yun
- From the ‡Drug & Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Park
- From the ‡Drug & Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- From the ‡Drug & Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea.,¶Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- ‡‡Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- ‡‡Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Gil Na
- ‖Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Shin
- ‖Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- From the ‡Drug & Disease Target Team, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju 28119, Republic of Korea; .,¶Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.,**Tunneling Nanotube Research Center, Division of Life Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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7
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Chung HK, Kim JT, Kim HW, Kwon M, Kim SY, Shong M, Kim KS, Yi HS. GDF15 deficiency exacerbates chronic alcohol- and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17238. [PMID: 29222479 PMCID: PMC5722931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently been shown to have an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial function and in the pathogenesis of complex human diseases. Nevertheless, the role of GDF15 in alcohol-induced or fibrotic liver diseases has yet to be determined. In this study, we demonstrate that alcohol- or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated hepatic GDF15 production ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis. Alcohol directly enhanced GDF15 expression in primary hepatocytes, which led to increased oxygen consumption. Moreover, GDF15 reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in liver-resident macrophages, leading to an improvement in inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. GDF15 knockout (KO) mice had more TNF-α-producing T cells and more activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the liver than wild-type mice. Liver-infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils were also increased in the GDF15 KO mice during liver fibrogenesis. These changes in hepatic immune cells were associated with increased tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Finally, recombinant GDF15 decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic mediators and prevented the activation of T cells in the livers of mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. These results suggest that GDF15 could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of alcohol-induced and fibrotic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Kwon
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Research, Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Yu HM, Chung HK, Kim KS, Lee JM, Hong JH, Park KS. PDE 5 inhibitor improves insulin sensitivity by enhancing mitochondrial function in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:631-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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9
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Lee SE, Kang SG, Choi MJ, Jung SB, Ryu MJ, Chung HK, Chang JY, Kim YK, Lee JH, Kim KS, Kim HJ, Lee HK, Yi HS, Shong M. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Mediates Systemic Glucose Regulatory Action of T-Helper Type 2 Cytokines. Diabetes 2017; 66:2774-2788. [PMID: 28874416 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4, produced in adipose tissue, are critical regulators of intra-adipose and systemic lipid and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, IL-13 is a potential therapy for insulin resistance in obese mouse models. Here, we examined mediators produced by adipocytes that are responsible for regulating systemic glucose homeostasis in response to Th2 cytokines. We used RNA sequencing data analysis of cultured adipocytes to screen factors secreted in response to recombinant IL-13. Recombinant IL-13 induced expression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) via the Janus kinase-activated STAT6 pathway. In vivo administration of α-galactosylceramide or IL-33 increased IL-4 and IL-13 production, thereby increasing GDF15 levels in adipose tissue and in plasma of mice; however, these responses were abrogated in STAT6 knockout mice. Moreover, administration of recombinant IL-13 to wild-type mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) improved glucose intolerance; this was not the case for GDF15 knockout mice fed the HFD. Taken together, these data suggest that GDF15 is required for IL-13-induced improvement of glucose intolerance in mice fed an HFD. Thus, beneficial effects of Th2 cytokines on systemic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity are mediated by GDF15. These findings open up a potential pharmacological route for reversing insulin resistance associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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10
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Kang SG, Yi HS, Choi MJ, Ryu MJ, Jung S, Chung HK, Chang JY, Kim YK, Lee SE, Kim HW, Choi H, Kim DS, Lee JH, Kim KS, Kim HJ, Lee CH, Oike Y, Shong M. ANGPTL6 expression is coupled with mitochondrial OXPHOS function to regulate adipose FGF21. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:105-118. [PMID: 28184000 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that the inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is coupled with the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, thereby stimulating the secretion of non-cell autonomous factors, which may control systemic energy metabolism and longevity. However, the nature and roles of non-cell autonomous factors induced in adipose tissue in response to reduced OXPHOS function remain to be clarified in mammals. CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) is an essential mitoribosomal protein for the intramitochondrial production of mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS subunits. Deficiency of CRIF1 impairs the proper formation of the OXPHOS complex, resulting in reduced function. To determine which secretory factors are induced in response to reduced mitochondrial OXPHOS function, we analyzed gene expression datasets in Crif1-depleted mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Crif1 deficiency preferentially increased the expression of angiopoietin-like 6 (Angptl6) and did not affect other members of the ANGPTL family. Moreover, treatment with mitochondrial OXPHOS inhibitors increased the expression of Angptl6 in cultured adipocytes. To confirm Angptl6 induction in vivo, we generated a murine model of reduced mitochondrial OXPHOS function using adipose tissue-specific Crif1-deficient mice and verified the upregulation of Angptl6 and fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21) in white adipose tissue. Treatment with recombinant ANGPTL6 protein increased oxygen consumption and Pparα expression through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in cultured adipocytes. Furthermore, the ANGPTL6-mediated increase in Pparα expression resulted in increased FGF21 expression, thereby promoting β-oxidation. In conclusion, mitochondrial OXPHOS function governs the expression of ANGPTL6, which is an essential factor for FGF21 production in adipose tissue and cultured adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Saetbyel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical ScienceChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hoil Choi
- Department of BiochemistryChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Department of BiochemistryChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Animal Model CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular GeneticsGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesChungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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11
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Chang YH, Shin YA, Kim JH, Kim HM, Lee DW, Chung HK, Kim SJ, Kim CD, Lee JH, Seo YJ, Im M, Lee Y. Use of whole-exome sequencing to determine the genetic basis of signs of skin youthfulness in Korean women. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:e138-e141. [PMID: 27510323 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chang
- LG Household and Healthcare, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y A Shin
- Theragen-Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Theragen-Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea
| | - H M Kim
- Theragen-Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea
| | - D W Lee
- Theragen-Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea
| | - H K Chung
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - C D Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y J Seo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - M Im
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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12
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Chung HK, Ryu D, Kim KS, Chang JY, Kim YK, Yi HS, Kang SG, Choi MJ, Lee SE, Jung SB, Ryu MJ, Kim SJ, Kweon GR, Kim H, Hwang JH, Lee CH, Lee SJ, Wall CE, Downes M, Evans RM, Auwerx J, Shong M. Growth differentiation factor 15 is a myomitokine governing systemic energy homeostasis. J Cell Biol 2016; 216:149-165. [PMID: 27986797 PMCID: PMC5223607 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201607110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chung et al. show that the myomitokine GDF15 can act to modulate oxidative and lipolytic function in a non–cell-autonomous manner, thereby regulating systemic energy homeostasis in skeletal muscle-specific Crif1-deficient mice. This pathway may be a potential therapeutic target for preventing the onset of obesity and insulin resistance. Reduced mitochondrial electron transport chain activity promotes longevity and improves energy homeostasis via cell-autonomous and –non-autonomous factors in multiple model systems. This mitohormetic effect is thought to involve the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), an adaptive stress-response pathway activated by mitochondrial proteotoxic stress. Using mice with skeletal muscle–specific deficiency of Crif1 (muscle-specific knockout [MKO]), an integral protein of the large mitoribosomal subunit (39S), we identified growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a UPRmt-associated cell–non-autonomous myomitokine that regulates systemic energy homeostasis. MKO mice were protected against obesity and sensitized to insulin, an effect associated with elevated GDF15 secretion after UPRmt activation. In ob/ob mice, administration of recombinant GDF15 decreased body weight and improved insulin sensitivity, which was attributed to elevated oxidative metabolism and lipid mobilization in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Thus, GDF15 is a potent mitohormetic signal that safeguards against the onset of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea
| | - Seul Gi Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Saet-Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea
| | - Min Jeong Ryu
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea
| | - Soung Jung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-338, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Animal Model Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Animal Model Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | | | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, South Korea .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
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13
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Lee JH, Kang YE, Chang JY, Park KC, Kim HW, Kim JT, Kim HJ, Yi HS, Shong M, Chung HK, Kim KS. An engineered FGF21 variant, LY2405319, can prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by enhancing hepatic mitochondrial function. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4750-4763. [PMID: 27904677 PMCID: PMC5126319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent obesity-related disease that affects large populations throughout the world due to excessive calorie intake and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. FGF21 is a starvation-induced pleiotropic hormone with various beneficial metabolic effects, and pharmacological treatment in rodents has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and decrease simple fatty liver disease. However, its effects on reversing the symptoms of advanced liver disease have yet to be validated. Here, we investigated the protective effects of the LY2405319 compound, an engineered FGF21 variant, in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model using leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce steatohepatitis. LY2405319 treatment in ob/ob mice corroborated previous results showing that improvements in the metabolic parameters were due to increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and fatty acid oxidation. LY2405319 treatment in ob/ob mice on an MCD diet significantly reduced the symptoms of steatohepatitis, as confirmed by Masson's trichrome staining intensity. Serum levels of AST and ALT were also reduced, suggesting an attenuation of liver injury, while detection of inflammatory markers showed decreased mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and type-I collagen, and decreased phosphorylation of NF-kB p65, JNK1/2, and p38. Collectively, these data show that LY2405319 treatment attenuated MCD diet-induced NASH progression. We propose that the LY2405319 compound is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of advanced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaDaejeon 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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14
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Nam ST, Hwang JH, Kim DH, Lu LF, Hong J, Zhang P, Yoon IN, Hwang JS, Chung HK, Shong M, Lee CH, Kim H. NQO1-Knockout Mice Are Highly Sensitive to Clostridium Difficile Toxin A-Induced Enteritis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 26:1446-51. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1603.03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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15
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Sperling P, Gamboa EJ, Lee HJ, Chung HK, Galtier E, Omarbakiyeva Y, Reinholz H, Röpke G, Zastrau U, Hastings J, Fletcher LB, Glenzer SH. Free-electron X-ray laser measurements of collisional-damped plasmons in isochorically heated warm dense matter. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:115001. [PMID: 26406836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the first highly resolved measurements of the plasmon spectrum in an ultrafast heated solid. Multi-keV x-ray photons from the Linac Coherent Light Source have been focused to one micrometer diameter focal spots producing solid density aluminum plasmas with a known electron density of n_{e}=1.8×10^{23} cm^{-3}. Detailed balance is observed through the intensity ratio of up- and down-shifted plasmons in x-ray forward scattering spectra measuring the electron temperature. The plasmon damping is treated by electron-ion collision models beyond the Born approximation to determine the electrical conductivity of warm dense aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sperling
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - E J Gamboa
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H K Chung
- Nuclear Data Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - E Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Omarbakiyeva
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- International IT University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - H Reinholz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- University of Western Australia, WA 6009 Crawley, Australia
| | - G Röpke
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - U Zastrau
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hastings
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Nam ST, Hwang JH, Kim DH, Park MJ, Lee IH, Nam HJ, Kang JK, Kim SK, Hwang JS, Chung HK, Shong M, Lee CH, Kim H. Role of NADH: quinone oxidoreductase-1 in the tight junctions of colonic epithelial cells. BMB Rep 2015; 47:494-9. [PMID: 24393524 PMCID: PMC4206724 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.9.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NADH:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is known to be involved in the regulation of energy synthesis and metabolism, and the functional studies of NQO1 have largely focused on metabolic disorders. Here, we show for the first time that compared to NQO1-WT mice, NQO1-KO mice exhibited a marked increase of permeability and spontaneous inflammation in the gut. In the DSS-induced colitis model, NQO1-KO mice showed more severe inflammatory responses than NQO1-WT mice. Interestingly, the transcript levels of claudin and occludin, the major tight junction molecules of gut epithelial cells, were significantly decreased in NQO1-KO mice. The colons of NQO1-KO mice also showed high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which are known to affect transcriptional regulation. Taken together, these novel findings indicate that NQO1 contributes to the barrier function of gut epithelial cells by regulating the transcription of tight junction molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Taek Nam
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon 487-711, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Dae Hong Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon 487-711, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Park
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon 487-711, Korea
| | - Ik Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon 487-711, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Nam
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon 487-711, Korea
| | - Jin Ku Kang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon 487-711, Korea
| | - Sung Kuk Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon 487-711, Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejon 301-721, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejon 301-721, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejon 301-721, Korea
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Chung HK, Kim YK, Park JH, Ryu MJ, Chang JY, Hwang JH, Lee CH, Kim SH, Kim HJ, Kweon GR, Kim KS, Shong M. The indole derivative NecroX-7 improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in ob/ob mice through suppression of mitochondrial ROS/RNS and inflammation. Liver Int 2015; 35:1341-53. [PMID: 25443620 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play key roles in the development of the disease. However, the therapeutic target of NASH has not been fully defined and new treatments are needed. We investigated the protective effects of the antioxidant indole-derived NecroX-7 in a NASH mouse model using leptin-deficient ob/ob and methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed ob/ob mice. METHODS Six-week-old male mice were divided into three groups: ob/+ mice, ob/ob mice treated with vehicle and ob/ob mice treated daily with NecroX-7 (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. To study the effects of NecroX-7 in a fibrosis model, NASH was induced by feeding ob/ob mice an MCD diet. The effects of NecroX-7 on NASH progression were evaluated using biochemical, histological and molecular markers. RESULTS NecroX-7-treated ob/ob mice had a marked decrease in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase compared with vehicle-treated controls. Interestingly, hepatic steatosis and lipid peroxidation were significantly improved by NecroX-7 treatment. NecroX-7 inhibited tert-butylhydroperoxide- and H2 O2 -induced mitochondrial ROS/RNS in primary hepatocytes and attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, NecroX-7-treated mice exhibited fewer infiltrating macrophages and reduced hepatic tumour necrosis factor-alpha expression. Hepatic fibrosis in MCD-fed ob/ob mice was significantly decreased by NecroX-7 treatment. CONCLUSIONS NecroX-7 treatment improved hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in murine NASH models. These effects occurred through the suppression of whole-cell ROS/RNS and inflammatory responses and suggest that NecroX-7 has a potential therapeutic benefit in steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine & Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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18
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Kim YK, Joung KH, Ryu MJ, Kim SJ, Kim H, Chung HK, Lee MH, Lee SE, Choi MJ, Chang JY, Hong HJ, Kim KS, Lee SH, Kweon GR, Kim H, Lee CH, Kim HJ, Shong M. Disruption of CR6-interacting factor-1 (CRIF1) in mouse islet beta cells leads to mitochondrial diabetes with progressive beta cell failure. Diabetologia 2015; 58:771-80. [PMID: 25660120 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Although mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) dysfunction is believed to be responsible for beta cell dysfunction in insulin resistance and mitochondrial diabetes, the mechanisms underlying progressive beta cell failure caused by defective mitochondrial OxPhos are largely unknown. METHODS We examined the in vivo phenotypes of beta cell dysfunction in beta cell-specific Crif1 (also known as Gadd45gip1)-deficient mice. CR6-interacting factor-1 (CRIF1) is a mitochondrial protein essential for the synthesis and formation of the OxPhos complex in the inner mitochondrial membrane. RESULTS Crif1(beta-/-) mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance with defective insulin secretion as early as 4 weeks of age without defects in islet structure. At 11 weeks of age, Crif1(beta-/-) mice displayed characteristic ultrastructural mitochondrial abnormalities as well as severe glucose intolerance. Furthermore, islet area and insulin content was decreased by approximately 50% compared with wild-type mice. Treatment with the glucoregulatory drug exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist, was not sufficient to preserve beta cell function in Crif1(beta-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that mitochondrial OxPhos dysfunction triggers progressive beta cell failure that is not halted by treatment with a GLP-1 agonist. The Crif1(beta-/-) mouse is a useful model for the study of beta cell failure caused by mitochondrial OxPhos dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 301-721, Korea
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Lee MH, Lee JU, Joung KH, Kim YK, Ryu MJ, Lee SE, Kim SJ, Chung HK, Choi MJ, Chang JY, Lee SH, Kweon GR, Kim HJ, Kim KS, Kim SM, Jo YS, Park J, Cheng SY, Shong M. Thyroid dysfunction associated with follicular cell steatosis in obese male mice and humans. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1181-93. [PMID: 25555091 PMCID: PMC5393324 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. A recent epidemiologic study revealed a link between obesity and increased prevalence of hypothyroidism. It is conceivable that excessive adiposity in obesity might lead to expansion of the interfollicular adipose (IFA) depot or steatosis in thyroid follicular cells (thyroid steatosis, TS). In this study, we investigated the morphological and functional changes in thyroid glands of obese humans and animal models, diet-induced obese (DIO), ob/ob, and db/db mice. Expanded IFA depot and TS were observed in obese patients. Furthermore, DIO mice showed increased expression of lipogenesis-regulation genes, such as sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthetase (FASN) in the thyroid gland. Steatosis and ultrastructural changes, including distension of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial distortion in thyroid follicular cells, were uniformly observed in DIO mice and genetically obese mouse models, ob/ob and db/db mice. Obese mice displayed a variable degree of primary thyroid hypofunction, which was not corrected by PPARγ agonist administration. We propose that systemically increased adiposity is associated with characteristic IFA depots and TS and may cause or influence the development of primary thyroid failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases (M.H.L., K.H.J., Y.K.K., M.J.R., S.E.L., S.J.K., H.K.C., M.J.C., J.Y.C., H.J.K., K.S.K., Y.S.J., M.C.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology (J.U.L.), Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 301-723, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science (S.-H.L.), Korea Advanced Institute of Biological Science, Daejeon 305-701, Korea; Department of Biochemistry (G.R.K.), Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine (S.-M.K.), Chungnam National University and Hospital, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea; and Laboratory of Molecular Biology (J.P., S.-Y.C.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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20
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Hong JH, Chung HK, Park HY, Joung KH, Lee JH, Jung JG, Kim KS, Kim HJ, Ku BJ, Shong M. GDF15 Is a Novel Biomarker for Impaired Fasting Glucose. Diabetes Metab J 2014; 38:472-9. [PMID: 25541611 PMCID: PMC4273034 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2014.38.6.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a protein that belongs to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. An elevated serum level of GDF15 was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is an inflammatory disease that progresses from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Hence, we aimed to validate the relationship between GDF15 and IFG. METHODS The participants were divided into the following three groups: NGT (n=137), IFG (n=29), and T2DM (n=75). The controls and T2DM outpatients visited the hospital for routine health check-ups. We used fasting blood glucose to detect IFG in nondiabetic patients. We checked the body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein level, metabolic parameters, and fasting serum GDF15 level. RESULTS Age, BMI, triglyceride, insulin, glucose, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and GDF15 levels were elevated in the IFG and T2DM groups compared to the NGT group. In the correlation analysis between metabolic parameters and GDF15, age and HOMA-IR had a significant positive correlation with GDF15 levels. GDF15 significantly discriminated between IFG and NGT, independent of age, BMI, and HOMA-IR. The serum levels of GDF15 were more elevated in men than in women. As a biomarker for IFG based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff value of GDF15 was 510 pg/mL in males and 400 pg/mL in females. CONCLUSION GDF15 had a positive correlation with IR independent of age and BMI, and the serum level of GDF15 was increased in the IFG and T2DM groups. GDF15 may be a novel biomarker for detecting IFG in nondiabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hwa Hong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyong-Hye Joung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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21
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Hwang JH, Kim YH, Noh JR, Gang GT, Kim KS, Chung HK, Tadi S, Yim YH, Shong M, Lee CH. The protective role of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 on acetaminophen-induced liver injury is associated with prevention of adenosine triphosphate depletion and improvement of mitochondrial dysfunction. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:2159-66. [PMID: 25224400 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) causes hepatotoxicity due to its metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine. NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an important enzyme for detoxification, because it catabolizes endogenous/exogenous quinone to hydroquinone. Although various studies have suggested the possible involvement of NQO1 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, its precise role in this remains unclear. We investigated the role of NQO1 against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity using a genetically modified rodent model. NQO1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were treated with different doses of APAP, and we evaluated the mortality and toxicity markers for cell death caused by APAP. NQO1 KO mice showed high sensitivity to APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity (as indicated by a large necrotic region) as well as increased levels of nitrotyrosine adducts and reactive oxygen species. APAP-induced cell death in the livers and primary hepatocytes of NQO1 KO mice, which was accompanied by an extensive reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. In accordance with this ATP depletion, cytosolic increases in mitochondrial proteins such as apoptosis-inducing factor, second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases/DIABLO, endonuclease G, and cytochrome c, which indicate severe mitochondrial dysfunction, were observed in NQO1 KO mice but not in WT mice after APAP exposure. Severe mitochondrial depolarization was also greater in hepatocytes isolated from NQO1 KO mice. Collectively, our data suggest that NQO1 plays a critical role in protection against energy depletion caused by APAP, and NQO1 may be useful in the development of therapeutic approaches to effectively diminish the hepatotoxicity caused by an APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Gil-Tae Gang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungku, Daejeon, 301-721, South Korea
| | - Surendar Tadi
- Division of Metrology for Quality Life, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hyeon Yim
- Division of Metrology for Quality Life, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Chungku, Daejeon, 301-721, South Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), University of Science and Technology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, South Korea.
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22
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Chung HJ, Kim KW, Han DW, Lee HC, Yang BC, Chung HK, Shim MR, Choi MS, Jo EB, Jo YM, Oh MY, Jo SJ, Hong SK, Park JK, Chang WK. Protein Profile in Corpus Luteum during Pregnancy in Korean Native Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:1540-5. [PMID: 25049514 PMCID: PMC4093032 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis requires coordination of the anabolic and catabolic pathways of lipid metabolism, but the profile of proteins associated with progesterone synthesis in cyclic and pregnant corpus luteum (CL) is not well-known in cattle. In Experiment 1, plasma progesterone level was monitored in cyclic cows (n = 5) and pregnant cows (n = 6; until d-90). A significant decline in the plasma progesterone level occurred at d-19 of cyclic cows. Progesterone level in abbatoir-derived luteal tissues was also determined at d 1 to 5, 6 to 13 and 14 to 20 of cyclic cows, and d-60 and -90 of pregnant cows (n = 5 each). Progesterone level in d-60 CL was not different from those in d 6 to 13 CL and d-90 CL, although the difference between d 6 to 13 and d-90 was significant. In Experiment 2, protein expression pattern in CL at d-90 (n = 4) was compared with that in CL of cyclic cows at d 6 to 13 (n = 5). Significant changes in the level of protein expression were detected in 32 protein spots by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and 23 of them were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Six proteins were found only in pregnant CL, while the other 17 proteins were found only in cyclic CL. Among the above 6 proteins, vimentin which is involved in the regulation of post-implantation development was included. Thus, the protein expression pattern in CL was disorientated from cyclic luteal phase to mid pregnancy, and alterations in specific CL protein expression may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy in Korean native cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Chung
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - K W Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - D W Han
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - H C Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - B C Yang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - H K Chung
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - M R Shim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - M S Choi
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - E B Jo
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - Y M Jo
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - M Y Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - S J Jo
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - J K Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - W K Chang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
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Hwang YG, Lee H, Lee S, Chung HK, Kang KK, Kim SH. A proteomic analysis using an animal model for hyperlipidemia-related erectile dysfunction. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2014; 64:563-8. [PMID: 24452518 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia-related erectile dysfunction and the effects of DA-8159, a new phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on protein expression, we performed a proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the corpus cavernosum of hyperlipidemic rats by two-dimensional electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Rats were fed high-cholesterol diet and treated with 5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) DA-8159 concurrently. After 5 months apparent hyperlipidemia and significantly decreased maximal intra-cavernous pressure were observed in the control group with the alteration of 8 proteins, which were restored by DA-8159 treatment. The proteins whose levels decreased >2-fold and attenuated by DA-8159 were determined alcohol dehydrogenase, aldolase A, annexin 1, and tropomyosin-rat, whereas proteins increased>2-fold and recovered by DA-8159 were found to be aldehyde dehydrogenase complex, guanine deaminase, creatine kinase-B, and phosphoglycerate mutase type B subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-G Hwang
- Ajou University, Yeongtong, Suwon, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - H Lee
- Ajou University, Yeongtong, Suwon, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Ajou University, Yeongtong, Suwon, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Chung
- Research Institutes of Dong-A ST Company, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - K K Kang
- Research Institutes of Dong-A ST Company, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Research Institutes of Dong-A ST Company, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
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Chou MS, Chung HK, Tsou YA, Chen JJ, Tsai MH, Jan CI. Endoscopic management of pediatric sinonasal schwannoma: case report. B-ENT 2014; 10:299-302. [PMID: 25654954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe an extremely rare pediatric sinonasal schwannoma, and to reviewmanagement strategies and relevant literature. METHODS Case report of pediatric sinonasal schwannoma, that was imaged with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and managed endoscopically. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine pathology. RESULTS A 12-year-old girl presented with a 2-month history of progressive left exophthalmos. Imaging studies showed a large heterogeneous tumour arising from the ethmoid sinus and extending to the base of the skull and to the orbital cavity. The lesion was removed with an endonasal radical excision. The final pathological diagnosis was schwannoma. There was no tumour recurrence or any major complication during the 2-year follow up. CONCLUSION Schwannoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis for pediatric patients with intranasal masses. Depending on the location and extent of the tumour, endonasal endoscopic excision could be a suitable management strategy.
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Hoarty DJ, Allan P, James SF, Brown CRD, Hobbs LMR, Hill MP, Harris JWO, Morton J, Brookes MG, Shepherd R, Dunn J, Chen H, Von Marley E, Beiersdorfer P, Chung HK, Lee RW, Brown G, Emig J. Observations of the effect of ionization-potential depression in hot dense plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:265003. [PMID: 23848885 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.265003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The newly commissioned Orion laser system has been used to study dense plasmas created by a combination of short pulse laser heating and compression by laser driven shocks. Thus the plasma density was systematically varied between 1 and 10 g/cc by using aluminum samples buried in plastic foils or diamond sheets. The aluminum was heated to electron temperatures between 500 and 700 eV allowing the plasma conditions to be diagnosed by K-shell emission spectroscopy. The K-shell spectra show the effect of the ionization potential depression as a function of density. The data are compared to simulated spectra which account for the change in the ionization potential by the commonly used Stewart and Pyatt prescription and an alternative due to Ecker and Kröll suggested by recent x-ray free-electron laser experiments. The experimental data are in closer agreement with simulations using the model of Stewart and Pyatt.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hoarty
- Directorate of Research and Applied Science, AWE plc, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
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26
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Ryu MJ, Kim SJ, Kim YK, Choi MJ, Tadi S, Lee MH, Lee SE, Chung HK, Jung SB, Kim HJ, Jo YS, Kim KS, Lee SH, Kim JM, Kweon GR, Park KC, Lee JU, Kong YY, Lee CH, Chung J, Shong M. Crif1 deficiency reduces adipose OXPHOS capacity and triggers inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003356. [PMID: 23516375 PMCID: PMC3597503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has been proposed as an etiological mechanism underlying insulin resistance. However, the initiating organ of OXPHOS dysfunction during the development of systemic insulin resistance has yet to be identified. To determine whether adipose OXPHOS deficiency plays an etiological role in systemic insulin resistance, the metabolic phenotype of mice with OXPHOS-deficient adipose tissue was examined. Crif1 is a protein required for the intramitochondrial production of mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS subunits; therefore, Crif1 haploinsufficient deficiency in mice results in a mild, but specific, failure of OXPHOS capacity in vivo. Although adipose-specific Crif1-haploinsufficient mice showed normal growth and development, they became insulin-resistant. Crif1-silenced adipocytes showed higher expression of chemokines, the expression of which is dependent upon stress kinases and antioxidant. Accordingly, examination of adipose tissue from Crif1-haploinsufficient mice revealed increased secretion of MCP1 and TNFα, as well as marked infiltration by macrophages. These findings indicate that the OXPHOS status of adipose tissue determines its metabolic and inflammatory responses, and may cause systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Ryu
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soung Jung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Surendar Tadi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Saet Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Suk Jo
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung Uee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Yun Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Animal Model Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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27
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Ryu MJ, Kim SJ, Choi MJ, Kim YK, Lee MH, Lee SE, Chung HK, Jung SB, Kim HJ, Kim KS, Jo YS, Kweon GR, Lee CH, Shong M. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation reserve is required for hormone- and PPARγ agonist-induced adipogenesis. Mol Cells 2013; 35:134-41. [PMID: 23456335 PMCID: PMC3887907 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation requires the coordinated activities of several nuclear transcription factors. Recently, mitochondria biogenesis was reported to occur during adipocyte differentiation and following treatment with thiazolidinediones in vitro and in vivo. Crif1 is a translational factor for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and is important for transcription of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex. To investigate the role of OXPHOS in adipogenesis, we analyzed adipocyte differentiation following disruption of Crif1 in vitro and in vivo. The adipose-specific Crif1 knockout mouse had a lower body weight and less fat mass than wild-type mice. Furthermore, adipocytes were smaller and had a dysplastic morphology in the adipose-specific Crif1 knockout mouse. 3T3-L1 adipocytes or adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) that lacked Crif1 expressed lower levels of mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS subunits, and adipocyte differentiation was disrupted. Rosiglitazone treatment did not induce adipogenesis or mitochondria biogenesis in Crif1 knockout ADSCs. These results show that mitochondrial OXPHOS and Crif1 are required for rosiglitazone- and hormone-induced adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Ryu
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Soung Jung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Min Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Saet Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Young Suk Jo
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | | | | | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
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Abstract
Defective IL-10 allele is a risk factor for intestinal inflammation. Indeed, IL-10(-/-) mice are predisposed to spontaneous colitis in the presence of intestinal microbiota, indicating that microbial factors contribute to developing intestinal inflammation. By recognizing flagellin, TLR5 plays a quintessential role in microbial recognition in intestinal epithelial cells. Here, we treated flagellin (1.0 μg/mouse/d) in mouse colon and found that it elicited colonic inflammation in IL-10(-/-) mice, characterized with tissue hypertrophy, inflamed epithelium, and enhanced cytokine production in the colon (MPO, KC, IL-6; ≥2-fold; P < 0.05). These inflammatory effects were dramatically inhibited in TLR5(-/-);IL-10(-/-) mice. Intestinal epithelium specific PTEN deletion significantly attenuated flagellin-promoted colonic inflammation in IL-10(-/-) mice. As a molecular mechanism that PTEN deletion inhibited TLR5-elicited responses, we hypothesized that PTEN regulated TLR5-induced responses by controlling the involvement of Mal in TLR5 engagement. Mal interacted with TLR5 on flagellin, and Mal deficiency inhibited flagellin-induced responses in intestinal epithelial cells. Similarly, Mal(-/-);IL-10(-/-) mice showed reduced flagellin-promoted responses. Furthermore, PTEN deletion disrupted Mal-TLR5 interaction, resulting in diminished TLR5-induced responses. PTEN deletion impeded Mal localization at the plasma membrane and suppressed Mal-TLR5 interaction. These results suggest that, by controlling Mal recruitment, PTEN regulates TLR5-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Choi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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29
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Kim SJ, Kwon MC, Ryu MJ, Chung HK, Tadi S, Kim YK, Kim JM, Lee SH, Park JH, Kweon GR, Ryu SW, Jo YS, Lee CH, Hatakeyama H, Goto YI, Yim YH, Chung J, Kong YY, Shong M. CRIF1 is essential for the synthesis and insertion of oxidative phosphorylation polypeptides in the mammalian mitochondrial membrane. Cell Metab 2012; 16:274-83. [PMID: 22819524 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the expression of mtDNA-encoded polypeptides, the regulatory factors involved in mitoribosome-mediated synthesis and simultaneous insertion of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) polypeptides into the inner membrane of mitochondria are still unclear. In the present study, disruption of the mouse Crif1 gene, which encodes a mitochondrial protein, resulted in a profound deficiency in OXPHOS caused by the disappearance of OXPHOS subunits and complexes in vivo. CRIF1 was associated with large mitoribosomal subunits that were located close to the polypeptide exit tunnel, and the elimination of CRIF1 led to both aberrant synthesis and defective insertion of mtDNA-encoded nascent OXPHOS polypeptides into the inner membrane. CRIF1 interacted with nascent OXPHOS polypeptides and molecular chaperones, e.g., Tid1. Taken together, these results suggest that CRIF1 plays a critical role in the integration of OXPHOS polypeptides into the mitochondrial membrane in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soung Jung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
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30
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Lee YS, Choi I, Ning Y, Kim NY, Khatchadourian V, Yang D, Chung HK, Choi D, LaBonte MJ, Ladner RD, Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Rosenberg DO, Petasis NA, Lenz HJ, Hong YK. Interleukin-8 and its receptor CXCR2 in the tumour microenvironment promote colon cancer growth, progression and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1833-41. [PMID: 22617157 PMCID: PMC3364111 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death in the United States. Increased level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and CXCR2 on tumours and in the tumour microenvironment has been associated with CRC growth, progression and recurrence in patients. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tissue microenvironment-encoded IL-8 and CXCR2 on colon cancer progression and metastasis. METHODS A novel immunodeficient, skin-specific IL-8-expressing transgenic model was generated to evaluate colon cancer growth and metastasis. Syngeneic mouse colon cancer cells were grafted in CXCR2 knockout (KO) mice to study the contribution of CXCR2 in the microenvironment to cancer growth. RESULTS Elevated levels of IL-8 in the serum and tumour microenvironment profoundly enhanced the growth of human and mouse colon cancer cells with increased peri-tumoural angiogenesis, and also promoted the extravasation of the cancer cells into the lung and liver. The tumour growth was inhibited in CXCR2 KO mice with significantly reduced tumour angiogenesis and increased tumour necrosis. CONCLUSION Increased expression of IL-8 in the tumour microenvironment enhanced colon cancer growth and metastasis. Moreover, the absence of its receptor CXCR2 in the tumour microenvironment prevented colon cancer cell growth. Together, our study demonstrates the critical roles of the tumour microenvironment-encoded IL-8/CXCR2 in colon cancer pathogenesis, validating the pathway as an important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street NRT6501, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Kim S, Youn H, Song MG, Kang JH, Chung HK, Lee DS, Chung JK. Complementary treatment of siTERT for improving the antitumor effect of TERT-specific I-131 therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:263-70. [PMID: 22301953 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium iodide symporter (NIS)-based radionuclide therapy provides an effective means of treating malignant tumors. However, it is sometimes inadequate because of limited effects on radio-resistant tumors, and thus, combination therapies with other therapeutic options have been requested to enhance its efficacy. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been reported to be involved in the progression of most cancers and also been viewed as a good candidate for targeting tumor. Application of TERT-specific radionuclide therapies using NIS gene transfer have been reported to treat TERT-positive tumors, but this approach only demonstrated tumor regression rather than eradication. As inhibiting TERT expression by introducing the hTERT-specific shRNA (siTERT) has been suggested as a therapeutic option, we investigated the complementary role of siTERT treatment after the TERT-specific I-131 therapy and its possibility as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. Retroviruses containing TERT promoter/NIS for TERT specific Radionuclide therapy and siTERT for TERT targeting antisense therapy were produced. Hep3B cells expressing TERT specific NIS (Hep3B-TERT/NIS) were xenografted into nude mouse and visualized with micro-SPECT/CT for monitoring NIS activity. The levels of hTERT mRNA, protein and its activity were confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and Telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay. Cell proliferation was monitored by MTT assay and induced apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin-V-PI staining. Therapeutic effects of I-131 and/or siTERT were evaluated by clonogenic assay and mouse tumor model. Reduction of hTERT mRNA, protein and TERT activity by siTERT were observed in Hep3B-TERT/NIS cells. The viabilities of the infected cells were significantly decreased to 50% versus siScramble treated controls. The early apoptotic cell population was increased by siTERT. The survival rates of cells treated with siTERT or I-131 alone were 72.4±7.6% and 56.2±5.2%, respectively. However, the survival rate of cells treated with I-131 and siTERT were decreased to 22.1±2.8%. From mouse xenograft model, we also found that the siTERT gene therapy showed synergism to the radioiodine therapy for reducing tumor growth in vivo. Our Results suggested that complementary siTERT gene therapy offers a novel strategy of cancer therapy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of TERT-specific I-131.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi YJ, Im E, Chung HK, Pothoulakis C, Rhee SH. TRIF mediates Toll-like receptor 5-induced signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2010. [PMID: 20855887 DOI: 10.1074/ibc.m110.158394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with adaptor molecules (MyD88, Mal/TIRAP, TRAM, and TRIF) to mediate signaling of host-microbial interaction. For instance, TLR4 utilizes the combination of both Mal/TIRAP-MyD88 (MyD88-dependent pathway) and TRAM-TRIF (MyD88-independent pathway). However, TLR5, the specific receptor for flagellin, is known to utilize only MyD88 to elicit inflammatory responses, and an involvement of other adaptor molecules has not been suggested in TLR5-dependent signaling. Here, we found that TRIF is involved in mediating TLR5-induced nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), specifically JNK1/2 and ERK1/2, activation in intestinal epithelial cells. TLR5 activation by flagellin permits the physical interaction between TLR5 and TRIF in human colonic epithelial cells (NCM460), whereas TLR5 does not interact with TRAM upon flagellin stimulation. Both primary intestinal epithelial cells from TRIF-KO mice and TRIF-silenced NCM460 cells significantly reduced flagellin-induced NFκB (p105 and p65), JNK1/2, and ERK1/2 activation compared with control cells. However, p38 activation by flagellin was preserved in these TRIF-deficient cells. TRIF-KO intestinal epithelial cells exhibited substantially reduced inflammatory cytokine (keratinocyte-derived cytokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α, and IL-6) expression upon flagellin, whereas control cells from TRIF-WT mice showed robust cytokine expression by flagellin. Compare with TRIF-WT mice, TRIF-KO mice were resistant to in vivo intestinal inflammatory responses: flagellin-mediated exacerbation of colonic inflammation and dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis. We conclude that in addition to MyD88, TRIF mediates TLR5-dependent responses and, thereby regulates inflammatory responses elicited by flagellin/TLR5 engagement. Our findings suggest an important role of TRIF in regulating host-microbial communication via TLR5 in the gut epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Choi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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33
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Choi YJ, Im E, Chung HK, Pothoulakis C, Rhee SH. TRIF mediates Toll-like receptor 5-induced signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:37570-8. [PMID: 20855887 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.158394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) associate with adaptor molecules (MyD88, Mal/TIRAP, TRAM, and TRIF) to mediate signaling of host-microbial interaction. For instance, TLR4 utilizes the combination of both Mal/TIRAP-MyD88 (MyD88-dependent pathway) and TRAM-TRIF (MyD88-independent pathway). However, TLR5, the specific receptor for flagellin, is known to utilize only MyD88 to elicit inflammatory responses, and an involvement of other adaptor molecules has not been suggested in TLR5-dependent signaling. Here, we found that TRIF is involved in mediating TLR5-induced nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), specifically JNK1/2 and ERK1/2, activation in intestinal epithelial cells. TLR5 activation by flagellin permits the physical interaction between TLR5 and TRIF in human colonic epithelial cells (NCM460), whereas TLR5 does not interact with TRAM upon flagellin stimulation. Both primary intestinal epithelial cells from TRIF-KO mice and TRIF-silenced NCM460 cells significantly reduced flagellin-induced NFκB (p105 and p65), JNK1/2, and ERK1/2 activation compared with control cells. However, p38 activation by flagellin was preserved in these TRIF-deficient cells. TRIF-KO intestinal epithelial cells exhibited substantially reduced inflammatory cytokine (keratinocyte-derived cytokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α, and IL-6) expression upon flagellin, whereas control cells from TRIF-WT mice showed robust cytokine expression by flagellin. Compare with TRIF-WT mice, TRIF-KO mice were resistant to in vivo intestinal inflammatory responses: flagellin-mediated exacerbation of colonic inflammation and dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis. We conclude that in addition to MyD88, TRIF mediates TLR5-dependent responses and, thereby regulates inflammatory responses elicited by flagellin/TLR5 engagement. Our findings suggest an important role of TRIF in regulating host-microbial communication via TLR5 in the gut epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Choi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Hoarty DJ, James SF, Brown CRD, Williams BM, Guymer T, Hill M, Morton J, Chapman D, Shepherd R, Dunn J, Brown G, Schneider M, Beiersdorfer P, Chung HK, Harris JWO, Upcraft L, Smith CC, Lee RW. High temperature, high density opacity measurements using short pulse lasers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/1/012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Chung HK, Kang B, Lee JH, Shim JY, Park S, Lee SH, Park YK, Park E, Chung N, Shin MJ. Increased arterial stiffness is associated with reduced plasma levels of beta-carotene in treated hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19:e9-e11. [PMID: 19505810 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Brown GV, Hansen SB, Träbert E, Beiersdorfer P, Widmann K, Chen H, Chung HK, Clementson JHT, Gu MF, Thorn DB. Investigation of the 2p_{32}-3d_{52} line emission of Au;{53+}-Au;{69+} for diagnosing high energy density plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 77:066406. [PMID: 18643382 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.066406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the L -shell emission of highly charged gold ions were made under controlled laboratory conditions using the SuperEBIT electron beam ion trap, allowing detailed spectral observations of lines from Fe-like Au53+ through Ne-like Au69+ . Using atomic data from the Flexible Atomic Code, we have identified strong 3d_{52}-->2p_{32} emission features that can be used to diagnose the charge state distribution in high energy density plasmas, such as those found in the laser entrance hole of hot hohlraum radiation sources. We provide collisional-radiative calculations of the average ion charge Z as a function of temperature and density, which can be used to relate charge state distributions inferred from 3d_{52}-->2p_{32} emission features to plasma conditions, and investigate the effects of plasma density on calculated L -shell Au emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
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37
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Ping Y, Shepherd R, Lasinski BF, Tabak M, Chen H, Chung HK, Fournier KB, Hansen SB, Kemp A, Liedahl DA, Widmann K, Wilks SC, Rozmus W, Sherlock M. Absorption of short laser pulses on solid targets in the ultrarelativistic regime. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:085004. [PMID: 18352633 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.085004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the first direct measurements of total absorption of short laser pulses on solid targets in the ultrarelativistic regime. The data show an enhanced absorption at intensities above 10(20) W/cm(2), reaching 60% for near-normal incidence and 80%-90% for 45 degrees incidence. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that such high absorption is consistent with both interaction with preplasma and hole boring by the intense laser pulse. A large redshift in the second harmonic indicates a surface recession velocity of 0.035c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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38
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Kim DW, Chung HK, Park KC, Hwang JH, Jo YS, Chung J, Kalvakolanu DV, Resta N, Shong M. Tumor Suppressor LKB1 Inhibits Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) by Thyroid Oncogenic Tyrosine Kinase Rearranged in Transformation (RET)/Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC). Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21:3039-49. [PMID: 17761947 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe tumor suppressor LKB1 (STK11) is a cytoplasmic/nuclear serine/threonine kinase, defects in which cause Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) in humans and animals. Recent studies showed that loss of function of LKB1 is associated with sporadic forms of lung, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. In cancer cells, LKB1 is inactivated by two mechanisms: mutations in its central kinase domain or complete loss of LKB1 expression. Inactivation of LKB1 is associated with progression of PJS and transformation of benign polyps into malignant tumors. This study examines the effect of LKB1 on regulation of STAT3 and expression of transcriptional targets of STAT3. The results show that LKB1 inhibits rearranged in transformation (RET)/papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-dependent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is mediated by phosphorylation of STAT3 tyrosine 705 by RET/PTC. Suppression of STAT3 transactivation by LKB1 requires the kinase domain but not the kinase activity of LKB1. The centrally located kinase domain of LKB1 is an approximately 260-amino-acid region that binds to the linker domain of STAT3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies indicate that expression of LKB1 reduces the binding of STAT3 to its target promoters and suppresses STAT3-mediated expression of Cyclin D1, VEGF, and Bcl-xL. Knockdown of LKB1 by specific small interfering RNA led to an increase in STAT3 transactivation activity and promoted cell proliferation in the presence of RET/PTC. Thus, this study suggests that LKB1 suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting RET/PTC-dependent activation of oncogenic STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Kim
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, National Research Laboratory Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
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Chen H, Shepherd R, Chung HK, Kemp A, Hansen SB, Wilks SC, Ping Y, Widmann K, Fournier KB, Dyer G, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Beiersdorfer P. Fast-electron-relaxation measurement for laser-solid interaction at relativistic laser intensities. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 76:056402. [PMID: 18233771 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.056402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the fast-electron-relaxation time in short-pulse (0.5 ps) laser-solid interactions for laser intensities of 10(17), 10(18), and 10(19) Wcm2, using a picosecond time-resolved x-ray spectrometer and a time-integrated electron spectrometer. We find that the laser coupling to hot electrons increases as the laser intensity becomes relativistic, and that the thermalization of fast electrons occurs over time scales on the order of 10 ps at all laser intensities. The experimental data are analyzed using a combination of models that include Kalpha generation, collisional coupling, and plasma expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Physics and Advanced Technologies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Cristillo AD, Lisziewicz J, He L, Lori F, Galmin L, Trocio JN, Unangst T, Whitman L, Hudacik L, Bakare N, Whitney S, Restrepo S, Suschak J, Ferrari MG, Chung HK, Kalyanaraman VS, Markham P, Pal R. HIV-1 prophylactic vaccine comprised of topical DermaVir prime and protein boost elicits cellular immune responses and controls pathogenic R5 SHIV162P3. Virology 2007; 366:197-211. [PMID: 17499328 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Topical DNA vaccination (DermaVir) facilitates antigen presentation to naive T cells. DermaVir immunization in mice, using HIV-1 Env and Gag, elicited cellular immune responses. Boosting with HIV-1 gp120 Env and p41 Gag augmented Th1 cytokine levels. Intramuscular DNA administration was less efficient in priming antigen-specific cytokine production and memory T cells. In rhesus macaques, DermaVir immunization induced Gag- and Env-specific Th1 and Th2 cytokines and generation of memory T cells. Boosting of DermaVir-primed serum antibody levels was noted following gp140(SHIV89.6P)/p27(SIV) immunization. Rectal challenge with pathogenic R5-tropic SHIV162P3 resulted in control of plasma viremia (4/5 animals) that was reflected in jejunum, colon and mesenteric lymph nodes. An inverse correlation was found between Gag- and Env-specific central memory T cell responses on the day of challenge and plasma viremia at set point. Overall, the topical DermaVir/protein vaccination yields central memory T cell responses and facilitates control of pathogenic SHIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Cristillo
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, MD 20895, USA.
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41
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Kim DW, Jo YS, Jung HS, Chung HK, Song JH, Park KC, Park SH, Hwang JH, Rha SY, Kweon GR, Lee SJ, Jo KW, Shong M. An orally administered multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU11248, is a novel potent inhibitor of thyroid oncogenic RET/papillary thyroid cancer kinases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:4070-6. [PMID: 16849418 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The oncogenic RET/PTC tyrosine kinase causes papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The use of inhibitors specific for RET/PTC may be useful for targeted therapy of PTC. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacies of the recently developed kinase inhibitors SU11248, SU5416, and SU6668 in inhibition of RET/PTC. DESIGN SU11248, SU5416, and SU6668 were synthesized, and their inhibitory potencies were evaluated using an in vitro RET/PTC kinase assay. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on RET/PTC were evaluated by quantifying the autophosphorylation of RET/PTC, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 activation, and the morphological reversal of RET/PTC-transformed cells. RESULTS An in vitro kinase assay revealed that SU5416, SU6668, and SU11248 inhibited phosphorylation of the synthetic tyrosine kinase substrate peptide E4Y by RET/PTC3 in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50) of approximately 944 nm for SU5416, 562 nm for SU6668, and 224 nm for SU11248. Thus, SU11248 effectively inhibits the kinase activity of RET/PTC3. RET/PTC-mediated Y705 phosphorylation of STAT3 was inhibited by addition of SU11248, and the inhibitory effects of SU11248 on the tyrosine phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of STAT3 were very closely correlated with decreased autophosphorylation of RET/PTC. SU11248 caused a complete morphological reversion of transformed NIH-RET/PTC3 cells and inhibited the growth of TPC-1 cells that have an endogenous RET/PTC1. CONCLUSION SU11248 is a highly effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the RET/PTC oncogenic kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Kim
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 640 Daesadong Chungku, Daejon 301-721, Korea
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42
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Jung HS, Kim DW, Jo YS, Chung HK, Song JH, Park JS, Park KC, Park SH, Hwang JH, Jo KW, Shong M. Regulation of Protein Kinase B Tyrosine Phosphorylation by Thyroid-Specific Oncogenic RET/PTC Kinases. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19:2748-59. [PMID: 15994200 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a heterogenous disorder characterized by unique gene rearrangements and gene mutations that activate signaling pathways responsible for cellular transformation, survival, and antiapoptosis. Activation of protein kinase B (PKB) and its downstream signaling pathways appears to be an important event in thyroid tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that the thyroid-specific oncogenic RET/PTC tyrosine kinase is able to phosphorylate PKB in vitro and in vivo. RET/PTC-transfected cells showed tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenous and exogenous PKB, which was independent of phosphorylation of T308 and S473 regulated by the upstream kinases phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 and -2, respectively. The PKB Y315 residue, which is known to be phosphorylated by Src tyrosine kinase, was also a major site of phosphorylation by RET/PTC. RET/PTC-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation results in the activation of PKB kinase activity. The activation of PKB by RET/PTC blocked the activity of the forkhead transcription factor, FKHRL1, but a Y315F mutant of PKB failed to inhibit FKHRL1 activity. In summary, these observations suggest that RET/PTC is able to phosphorylate the Y315 residue of PKB, an event that results in maximal activation of PKB for RET/PTC-induced thyroid tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Jung
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, National Research Laboratory Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 640 Daesadong Chungku, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
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Hansen SB, Faenov AY, Pikuz TA, Fournier KB, Shepherd R, Chen H, Widmann K, Wilks SC, Ping Y, Chung HK, Niles A, Hunter JR, Dyer G, Ditmire T. Temperature determination using Kalpha spectra from M -shell Ti ions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 72:036408. [PMID: 16241580 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.036408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The compact multipulse terawatt (COMET) laser facility at LLNL was used to irradiate Al-coated 2-50 microm Ti foils with approximately 10(19) W cm(-2) , 500 fs, 3-6 J laser pulses. Laser-plasma interactions on the front side of the target generate hot electrons with sufficient energy to excite inner-shell electrons in Ti, creating Kalpha emission which has been measured using a focusing spectrometer with spatial resolution aimed at the back surface of the targets. The spatial extent of the emission varies with target thickness. The high spectral resolution (lambda/Deltalambda approximately equal to 3800) is sufficient to measure broadening of the Kalpha emission feature due to the emergence of blueshifted satellites from ionized Ti in a heated region of the target. A self-consistent-field model is used to spectroscopically diagnose thermal electron temperatures up to 40 eV in the strongly coupled Ti plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Hansen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-473, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Park KC, Song KH, Chung HK, Kim H, Kim DW, Song JH, Hwang ES, Jung HS, Park SH, Bae I, Lee IK, Choi HS, Shong M. CR6-Interacting Factor 1 Interacts with Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 and Inhibits Its Transactivation. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19:12-24. [PMID: 15459248 DOI: 10.1210/me.2004-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractCR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) was recently identified as a nuclear protein that interacts with the Gadd45 (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible 45) family of proteins and participates in the regulation of the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. However, the nuclear action of CRIF1 is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that CRIF1 acts as a novel coregulator of transactivation of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77. Both in vitro and in vivo studies show that CRIF1 interacts with Nur77 via the Nur77 AB domain and that it dramatically inhibits the AB domain-mediated transactivation of Nur77. Transient transfection assays demonstrate that CRIF1 inhibits steroid receptor coactivator-2-mediated Nur77 transactivation, and silencing of endogenous CRIF1 by small interfering RNA relieves this repression. CRIF1 possesses intrinsic repressor activities that are not affected by the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A. In addition, overexpression of CRIF1 inhibits TSH/protein kinase A-induced Nur-responsive element promoter activity. CRIF1 inhibited Nur77-dependent induction of E2F1 promoter activity, mRNA expression, and Nur77-mediated G1/S progression in cell cycle. These results suggest that CRIF1 acts as a repressor of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 by inhibiting AB domain-mediated transcriptional activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Glycoprotein Hormones, alpha Subunit/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mutation/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Response Elements/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Cheol Park
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, 640 Daesadong Chungku Daejeon 301-721, Korea
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45
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Hwang ES, Kim DW, Hwang JH, Jung HS, Suh JM, Park YJ, Chung HK, Song JH, Park KC, Park SH, Yun HJ, Kim JM, Shong M. Regulation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT1-Dependent Genes by RET/PTC (Rearranged in Transformation/Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma) Oncogenic Tyrosine Kinases. Mol Endocrinol 2004; 18:2672-84. [PMID: 15297606 DOI: 10.1210/me.2004-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chimeric RET/PTC (rearranged in transformation/papillary thyroid carcinoma) oncoproteins are constitutively active tyrosine kinases found in thyroid papillary carcinoma and nonneoplastic Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Although several proteins have been identified to be substrates of RET/PTC kinases, the pathogenic roles played by RET/PTC in malignant and benign thyroid diseases and the molecular mechanisms that are involved are not fully understood. We found that RET/PTC expression phosphorylates the Y701 residue of STAT1, a type II interferon (IFN)-responsive protein. RET/PTC-mediated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) phosphorylation requires RET/PTC kinase activity to be intact but other tyrosine kinases, such as Janus kinases or c-Src, are not involved. RET/PTC-induced STAT1 transcriptional activation was not inhibited by suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 or -3, or protein inhibitors of activated STAT3 [(protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS3)], but PIAS1 strongly repressed the RET/PTC-induced transcriptional activity of STAT1. RET/PTC-induced STAT1 activation caused IFN regulatory factor-1 expression. We found that STAT1 and IFN regulatory factor-1 cooperated to significantly increase transcription from type IV IFN-γresponsive promoters of class II transactivator genes. Significantly, cells stably expressing RET/PTC expressed class II transactivator and showed enhanced de novo membrane expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II proteins. Furthermore, RET/PTC1-bearing papillary thyroid carcinoma cells strongly expressed MHC class II (human leukocyte-associated antigen-DRα) genes, whereas the surrounding normal tissues did not. Thus, RET/PTC is able to phosphorylate and activate STAT1. This may lead to enhanced MHC class II expression, which may explain why the tissues surrounding RET/PTC-positive cancers are infiltrated with lymphocytes. Such immune response-promoting activity of RET/PTC may also relate to the development of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Suk Hwang
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, National Research Laboratory Program, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jung
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chung HK, Yi YW, Jung NC, Kim D, Suh JM, Kim H, Park KC, Kim DW, Hwang ES, Song JH, Ku BJ, Han HJ, Ro HK, Kim JM, Shong M. Gadd45gamma expression is reduced in anaplastic thyroid cancer and its reexpression results in apoptosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:3913-20. [PMID: 12915687 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-022031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas are a highly aggressive and extremely lethal form of human cancer, but the biological characteristics related to their aggressive nature are not understood. Moreover, Gadd45 family proteins have been implicated in a variety of growth-regulatory mechanisms, including DNA replication and repair, G(2)/M checkpoint control, and apoptosis. In this study we found that Gadd45gamma RNA was present at significantly lower levels in anaplastic cancer cells, compared with normal primary cultured thyrocytes. In addition, the adenovirus-mediated reexpression of Gadd45gamma significantly inhibited the proliferation of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells, ARO, FRO, and NPA cells, which was attributed to apoptosis. Furthermore, the adenovirus-mediated delivery of Gadd45gamma gene in anaplastic thyroid cancer resulted in the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. This in vitro and in vivo activity of the adenovirus-mediated transduction of CR6/Gadd45gamma, on anaplastic thyroid cancer cell growth suppression, was reminiscent of the effects of p53. This study demonstrates that the Gadd45gamma gene has potential use as a candidate gene for gene therapy in anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyun Chung
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, National Research Laboratory Program, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
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48
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Chung HK, Yi YW, Jung NC, Kim D, Suh JM, Kim H, Park KC, Song JH, Kim DW, Hwang ES, Yoon SH, Bae YS, Kim JM, Bae I, Shong M. CR6-interacting factor 1 interacts with Gadd45 family proteins and modulates the cell cycle. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:28079-88. [PMID: 12716909 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212835200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gadd45 family of proteins includes Gadd45alpha, MyD118/Gadd45beta, and CR6/OIG37/Gadd45gamma. These proteins play important roles in maintaining genomic stability and in regulating the cell cycle. This study reports the cloning of a novel protein called CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) which interacts with Gadd45alpha, MyD118/Gadd45beta, and CR6/OIG37/Gadd45gamma. CRIF1 binds specifically to the Gadd45 family proteins, as determined by an in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and an in vivo mammalian cell two-hybrid assay along with coimmunoprecipitation assays. CRIF1 mRNA is highly expressed in the thyroid gland, heart, lymph nodes, trachea, and adrenal tissues. CRIF1 localizes exclusively to the nucleus and colocalizes with Gadd45gamma. Recombinant CRIF1 inhibits the histone H1 kinase activity of immunoprecipitated Cdc2-cyclin B1 and Cdk2-cyclin E, and the inhibitory effects were additive with Gadd45 proteins. Overexpression of CRIF1 increases the percentage of cells in G1, decreases the percentage of cells in S phase, and suppresses growth in NIH3T3 cells. The down-regulation of endogenous CRIF1 by the transfection of the small interfering RNA duplexes resulted in the inactivation of Rb by phosphorylation and decreased the G1 phase cell populations. Expression of CRIF1 is barely detectable in adrenal adenoma and papillary thyroid cancer and much lower than in adjacent normal tissue. The results presented here suggest that CRIF1 is a novel nuclear protein that interacts with Gadd45 and may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Kyun Chung
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, National Research Laboratory Program, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721 Korea
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49
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Kim H, Suh JM, Hwang ES, Kim DW, Chung HK, Song JH, Hwang JH, Park KC, Ro HK, Jo EK, Chang JS, Lee TH, Lee MS, Kohn LD, Shong M. Thyrotropin-mediated repression of class II trans-activator expression in thyroid cells: involvement of STAT3 and suppressor of cytokine signaling. J Immunol 2003; 171:616-27. [PMID: 12847226 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that class I and class II MHC are contributing factors for numerous diseases including autoimmune thyroid diseases, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. The class II trans-activator (CIITA), which is a non-DNA-binding regulator of class II MHC transcription, regulates the constitutive and inducible expression of the class I and class II genes. FRTL-5 thyroid cells incubated in the presence of IFN-gamma have a significantly higher level of cell surface rat MHC class II RTI.B. However, the IFN-gamma-induced RT1.B expression was suppressed significantly in cells incubated in the presence of thyrotropin. Thyrotropin (TSH) represses IFN-gamma-induced CIITA expression by inhibiting type IV CIITA promoter activity through the suppression of STAT1 activation and IFN regulatory factor 1 induction. This study found that TSH induces transcriptional activation of the STAT3 gene through the phosphorylation of STAT3 and CREB activation. TSH induces SOCS-1 and SOCS-3, and TSH-mediated SOCS-3 induction was dependent on STAT3. The cell line stably expressing the wild-type STAT3 showed a higher CIITA induction in response to IFN-gamma and also exhibited TSH repression of the IFN-gamma-mediated induction of CIITA. However, TSH repression of the IFN-gamma-induced CIITA expression was not observed in FRTL-5 thyroid cells, which stably expresses the dominant negative forms of STAT3, STAT3-Y705F, and STAT3-S727A. This report suggests that TSH is also engaged in immunomodulation through signal cross-talk with the cytokines in thyroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejon, Korea
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50
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Kim DW, Hwang JH, Suh JM, Kim H, Song JH, Hwang ES, Hwang IY, Park KC, Chung HK, Kim JM, Park J, Hemmings BA, Shong M. RET/PTC (rearranged in transformation/papillary thyroid carcinomas) tyrosine kinase phosphorylates and activates phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1): an alternative phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent pathway to activate PDK1. Mol Endocrinol 2003; 17:1382-94. [PMID: 12738763 DOI: 10.1210/me.2002-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancers are a leading cause of death due to endocrine malignancies. RET/PTC (rearranged in transformation/papillary thyroid carcinomas) gene rearrangements are the most frequent genetic alterations identified in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Although the oncogenic potential of RET/PTC is related to intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, the substrates for this enzyme are yet to be identified. In this report, we show that phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), a pivotal serine/threonine kinase in growth factor-signaling pathways, is a target of RET/PTC. RET/PTC and PDK1 colocalize in the cytoplasm. RET/PTC phosphorylates a specific tyrosine (Y9) residue located in the N-terminal region of PDK1. Y9 phosphorylation of PDK1 by RET/PTC requires an intact catalytic kinase domain. The short (iso 9) and long forms (iso 51) of the RET/PTC kinases (RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3) induce Y9 phosphorylation of PDK1. Moreover, Y9 phosphorylation of PDK1 by RET/PTC does not require phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase or Src activity. RET/PTC-induced phosphorylation of the Y9 residue results in increased PDK1 activity, decrease of cellular p53 levels, and repression of p53-dependent transactivation. In conclusion, RET/PTC-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PDK1 may be one of the mechanisms by which it acts as an oncogenic tyrosine kinase in thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Kim
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, National Research Laboratory Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejon, Korea
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