1
|
Park KC, Crump NT, Hulikova A, Ford KL, Louwman N, Carnicer R, Hauton D, Koschinski A, Mccullagh J, Zaccolo M, Krywawych S, Milne TA, Swietach P. Elevated propionate signalling drives Pde9a overexpression and contractile dysfunction through increased histone acetylation and propionylation. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation and Propionic Acidemia Foundation
Background
In the heart, various metabolic pathways produce the three-carbon intermediate, propionate. This metabolite has been postulated to increase histone propionylation and acetylation (via deacetylase inhibition), and therefore affect transcription. Normally, propionate levels are kept low by propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), but build-up has been reported in cardiometabolic diseases. The highest levels are attained in propionic acidaemia (PA; mutations in PCC), which also serves as a model for studying propionate biology [1].
Purpose
To establish the effect of propionate on cardiac gene expression and physiology using a mouse model of elevated propionate/propionyl-CoA signalling.
Methods
Experiments were performed using either wild-type (WT) neonatal ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) treated with propionate in vitro, or the hypomorphic mouse model of PA (Pcca-/- A138T) [2]. IC-MS metabolomics was performed on methanol-extracted metabolites. RNA-sequencing was carried out on an Illumina HiSeq 4000. For chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), chromatin was isolated from PFA-fixed ventricular tissue. cGMP levels were measured by the FRET-based sensor, cGi500. Ca2+ transients were imaged in isolated myocytes using FuraRed. Cine-MRI was performed in a 7 tesla MR scanner.
Results
PA mice had the metabolic signature of propionate accumulation in plasma and cardiac lysates (metabolomics). RNA-seq of ventricular lysates identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), but the effect was more pronounced in females. Thus, subsequent experiments were performed in females. To determine which DEGs are likely a direct response to propionate, RNA-seq was performed on propionate-treated NRVMs. The most significant DEGs common to both datasets were upregulated Pde9a (cGMP-selective phosphodiesterase) and Mme (degrades natriuretic peptides). ChIP-qPCR for histone acylation in PA and WT hearts demonstrated increases in H3K27ac at Pde9a, and strikingly, increases in propionylation at Pde9a and Mme, indicating a mechanism for this transcriptional induction. Propionate-treated NRVMs show greater sensitivity of cGMP to pharmacological inhibition of PDE9A (measured by FRET), consistent with Pde9a induction. Such changes are expected to result in diastolic dysfunction [3]. Indeed, ventricular myocytes from PA mice had higher diastolic Ca2+. Cine-MRI confirmed contractile dysfunction in vivo, with PA mice manifesting increased end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes.
Conclusions
We demonstrate that cardiac elevations of the metabolic intermediate, propionate, increases histone modifications that drive transcriptional changes in the heart, including those involved in cyclic nucleotide signalling. We also present evidence for histone propionylation, which has not been described previously in the heart. Thus, using a mouse model of a rare metabolic disease, we show how propionate/propionyl-CoA signalling affects cardiac function through epigenetic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KC Park
- University of Oxford, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - NT Crump
- University of Oxford, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Hulikova
- University of Oxford, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - KL Ford
- University of Oxford, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - N Louwman
- University of Oxford, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Carnicer
- University of Oxford, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Hauton
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - A Koschinski
- University of Oxford, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Mccullagh
- University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Zaccolo
- University of Oxford, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Krywawych
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children , London , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - TA Milne
- University of Oxford, MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P Swietach
- University of Oxford, Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Dept. of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics , Oxford , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hong YA, Park KC, Kim BK, Lee J, Sun WY, Sul HJ, Hwang KA, Choi WJ, Chang YK, Kim SY, Shin S, Park J. Analyzing Genetic Differences Between Sporadic Primary and Secondary/Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism by Targeted Next-Generation Panel Sequencing. Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:501-512. [PMID: 34215996 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-021-09686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is characterized by excessive serum parathyroid hormone levels in response to decreasing kidney function, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT) is often the result of a long-standing SHPT. To date, several genes have been associated with the pathogenesis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). However, the molecular genetic mechanisms of uremic hyperparathyroidism (HPT) remain uncharacterized. To elucidate the differences in genetic alterations between PHPT and SHPT/THPT, the targeted next-generation sequencing of genes associated with HPT was performed using DNA extracted from parathyroid tissues. As a result, 26 variants in 19 PHPT or SHPT/THPT appeared as candidate pathogenic mutations, which corresponded to 9 (35%) nonsense, 8 (31%) frameshift, 6 (23%) missense, and 3 (11%) splice site mutations. The MEN1 (23%, 6/26), ASXL3 (15%, 4/26), EZH2 (12%, 3/26), and MTOR (8%, 2/26) genes were frequently mutated. Sixteen of 25 patients with PHPT (64%) had one or more mutations, whereas 3 (21%) of 21 patients with SHPT/THPT had only 1 mutation (p = 0.001). Sixteen of 28 patients (57%) with parathyroid adenoma (PA) had one or more mutations, whereas 3 of 18 patients (17%) with parathyroid hyperplasia (PH) had just one mutation (p = 0.003). Known driver mutations associated with parathyroid tumorigenesis such as CCND1/PRAD1, CDC73/HRPT2, and MEN1 were identified only in PA (44%, 7/16 with mutations). Our results suggest that molecular genetic abnormalities in SHPT/THPT are distinct from those in PHPT. These findings may help in analyzing the molecular pathogenesis underlying uremic HPT development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ah Hong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Kyun Kim
- Division of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Lee
- Division of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Young Sun
- Division of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Hwang
- Department of Research and Development, SML Genetree, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jung Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyung Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Young Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeong SY, Hwang KT, Oh CW, Kim JW, Sohn OJ, Kim JW, Cho YH, Park KC. Infographic: Mid-term outcomes after the surgical treatment of atypical femoral fractures : minimum three-year follow-up. Bone Joint J 2021; 103-B:1646-1647. [PMID: 34719273 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.103b11.bjj-2021-1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S-Y Jeong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
| | - K-T Hwang
- Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C-W Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J-W Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - O J Sohn
- Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - J W Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-H Cho
- Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - K C Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee SW, Lee T, Sul HJ, Park KC, Park J. Differences in Somatic Mutation Profiles between Korean Gastric Cancer and Gastric Adenoma Patients. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10092038. [PMID: 34068652 PMCID: PMC8126162 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10092038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate molecular factors potentially related to the progression of gastric adenoma (GA) to gastric cancer (GC) and compare the mutation characteristics between GC and GA. METHODS We conducted custom gene panel sequencing for 135 GC-related genes and estimated the difference in somatic mutation profiles between 20 GC and 20 GA cases. RESULTS A total of 31 somatic mutations, including 22 missense, 3 nonsense, and 6 frameshift mutations, were detected in 17 samples. We estimated an average of 1.8 mutations per sample (range, 1 to 3 mutations), with 12 in GC and 5 in GA. GC tended to have one or more mutated genes (p = 0.0217), as well as higher allele frequencies of mutated genes (p = 0.0003), compared to GA. Likewise, known driver mutations associated with GC tumorigenesis (TP53, ERBB2, PIK3CA, and RNF43) were identified in half of the GC cases (50%, 10/20; p = 0.0002). Only the mutant burden, regardless of gene type, was retained, with an odds ratio of 1.8392 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0071 to 3.3588; p = 0.0474). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the accumulation of mutant burden contributes to tumorigenesis progression from GA to GC in Korean patients, regardless of the kind of genes. These findings may elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of gastric carcinogenesis and malignant progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Taekyu Lee
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Solutions, Seoul 06349, Korea;
| | - Hae Jung Sul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea;
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Korea;
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-250-1218
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cho JS, Lee J, Park KC, Yang KJ, Cho EJ. The relationship between miRNA-26b and connective tissue growth factor in rat models of aortic banding and debanding. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:596-607. [PMID: 31875666 PMCID: PMC8137408 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a profibrotic factor implicated in pressure overload-mediated myocardial fibrosis. In this study, we determined the role of predicted CTGF-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) in rat models of aortic stenosis and reverse cardiac remodeling. METHODS Minimally invasive ascending aortic banding was performed in 24 7-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were divided into three groups. The banding group consisted of eight rats that were sacrificed immediately after 6 weeks of aortic constriction. The debanding group underwent aortic constriction for 4 weeks and was sacrificed 2 weeks after band removal. The third group underwent sham surgery. We investigated the expression of CTGF, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 using ELISA and examined miRNA-26b, miRNA-133a, and miRNA-19b as predicted CTGF-targeting miRNAs based on miRNA databases in 24-hour TGFβ-stimulated and TGFβ- washed fibroblasts and myocardial tissues from all subjects. RESULTS CTGF was elevated in 24-hour TGFβ-stimulated fibroblasts and decreased in 24-hour TGFβ-washed fibroblasts. miRNA-26b was significantly increased in TGFβ-washed fibroblasts compared with control and TGFβ-stimulated fibroblasts (p < 0.05). CTGF expression was significantly higher in the banding group than that in the sham and debanding groups. The relative expression levels of miRNA-26b were higher in the debanding group than in the banding group. CONCLUSION The results of our study using models of aortic banding and debanding suggested that miRNA-26b was significantly increased after aortic debanding. The in vitro model yielded the same results: miRNA-26b was upregulated after removal of TGFβ from fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Keum-Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Eun Joo Cho, M.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea Tel: +82-2-3779-1335 Fax: +82-2-780-9114 E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han HY, Park KC, Yang EA, Lee KY. Macrolide-Resistant and Macrolide-Sensitive Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children Treated Using Early Corticosteroids. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061309. [PMID: 33810090 PMCID: PMC8004593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have found that early corticosteroid therapy was effective for reducing morbidity during five Korea-wide epidemics. We evaluated the clinical and laboratory parameters of 56 children who received early corticosteroid treatment for pneumonia that was caused by macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) or macrolide-sensitive M. pneumoniae between July 2019 and February 2020. All subjects had dual positive results from a PCR assay and serological test, and received corticosteroids within 24–36 h after admission. Point mutation of residues 2063, 2064, and 2067 was identified in domain V of 23S rRNA. The mean age was 6.8 years and the male:female ratio was 1.2:1 (31:25 patients). Most of the subjects had macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (73%), and all mutated strains had the A2063G transition. No significant differences in clinical and laboratory parameters were observed between macrolide-resistant and macrolide-sensitive M. pneumoniae groups that were treated with early dose-adjusted corticosteroids. Higher-dose steroid treatment may be needed for patients who have fever that persists for >48 h or increased biomarkers such as lactate dehydrogenase concentration at follow-up despite a usual dose of steroid therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Han
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.Y.H.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34943, Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Korea;
| | - Eun-Ae Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.Y.H.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34943, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-220-9540; Fax: +82-42-221-2925
| | - Kyung-Yil Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.Y.H.); (K.-Y.L.)
- Junglock Biomedical Institute, 127, Yuchun-ro, Jung-gu, Deajeon 34886, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim YH, Hwang JS, Yoon IN, Lee JH, Lee J, Park KC, Seok H, Kim H. The insect peptide CopA3 blocks programmed cell death by directly binding caspases and inhibiting their proteolytic activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 547:82-88. [PMID: 33610044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Caspases play essential roles in apoptotic processes, which is necessary for cellular homeostasis. However, over-activation of caspases and subsequent excessive apoptosis is considered a main cause of Parkinson's disease and liver diseases. Here, we found that the insect-derived peptide, CopA3, which has shown antiapoptotic effects in many apoptosis models, directly binds to caspases. The resulting complexes do not dissociate during denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as evidenced by a distinct shift in the migration of caspase reflecting an increase in their molecular weight. Surface plasmon resonance and experiment using cysteine-substituted mutants of CopA3 collectively revealed that binding of CopA3 to caspases is dependent on an internal cysteine residue. Notably, CopA3 binding significantly inhibited proteolytic activation of downstream caspases by upstream caspases. In summary, the demonstration that CopA3 directly binds to caspases and inhibits their activating cleavage suggests a possible therapeutic approach for treating human diseases resulting from uncontrolled apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ha Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - I Na Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-ro 64, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-723, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Seok
- Korea Brain Bank, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Daejin University, Pocheon, Gyeonggido, 487-711, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kang HM, Park KC, Park J, Park SH, Lee DG, Kim JH. Mupirocin and Chlorhexidine Genotypic Resistance Found in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Young Infants Below 90 Days Old: A Genetic Basis for Eradication Failure. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:49-54. [PMID: 32925545 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the genetic characteristics associated with eradication failure of Staphylococcus aureus in infants below 90 days old. METHODS S. aureus isolated from clinical specimen cultures (blood, surgical tissue, or drainage, pus, etc.) and routine screening cultures in the neonatal intensive care unit (nasal and axillary skin swab) from patients below 90 days old were collected prospectively for 1 year, from August 2017 to July 2018. The isolates underwent typing and screening for genes associated with chlorhexidine (qacA/B), quaternary ammonium (smr), and mupirocin resistance (iles mutation, mupA, mupB), as well as Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin. RESULTS During the study period, 40 nonduplicate isolates were included for analyses, of which 70.0% were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Mupirocin resistance was found in 25% of the total isolates; 17.4% of the colonizers; and 35.3% of the pathogens (P = 0.196). Chlorhexidine resistance gene was found in 3 MRSA isolates colonized in the nares of preterm infants. All isolates harbored the disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance gene. PVL toxin gene was found in 57.5%, and the presence of PVL gene among colonizers and pathogens was similar (69.6% vs. 41.2%, P = 0.072). CONCLUSIONS Mupirocin, chlorhexidine, and QAC-resistant MRSAs harboring the PVL toxin gene were found in the nasal carriages of preterm infants. In this highly vulnerable patient population, one-fourth of the isolates harbored mupirocin-resistant genes, and all were resistant to QAC disinfectants. These strains are associated with persistence in both carriage and environmental reservoirs within the hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Mi Kang
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hee Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kang HM, Park KC, Park J, Kil HR, Yang EA. Circulating Respiratory Syncytial Virus Genotypes and Genetic Variability of the G Gene during 2017 and 2018/2019 Seasonal Epidemics Isolated from Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Daejeon, Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e422. [PMID: 33350185 PMCID: PMC7752254 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major pathogen causing respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. The aim of this study was to confirm the genetic evolution of RSV causing respiratory infections in children at Daejeon in Korea, through G gene analysis of RSV-A and RSV-B strains that were prevalent from 2017 to 2019. METHODS Pediatric patients admitted for lower respiratory tract infections at The Catholic University of Korea Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital in the 2017 and 2018/2019 RSV seasonal epidemics, who had RSV detected via multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included. The nucleic acid containing RSV-RNA isolated from each of the patients' nasal discharge during standard multiplex PCR testing was stored. The G gene was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA X program and the genotype was confirmed. RESULTS A total of 155 specimens including 49 specimens from 2017 and 106 specimens from 2018-2019 were tested. The genotype was confirmed in 18 specimens (RSV-A:RSV-B = 4:14) from 2017 and 8 specimens (RSV-A:RSV-B = 7:1) from 2018/2019. In the phylogenetic analysis, all RSV-A type showed ON1 genotype and RSV-B showed BA9 genotype. CONCLUSION RSV-B belonging to BA9 in 2017, and RSV-A belonging to ON1 genotype in 2018/2019 was the most prevalent circulating genotypes during the two RSV seasons in Daejeon, Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Mi Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Ryang Kil
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Ae Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chiang S, Huang MLH, Park KC, Richardson DR. Antioxidant defense mechanisms and its dysfunctional regulation in the mitochondrial disease, Friedreich's ataxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:177-188. [PMID: 32739593 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox stress is associated with the pathogenesis of a wide variety of disease states. This can be amplified potentially through redox active iron deposits in oxidatively active organelles such as the mitochondrion. There are a number of disease states, including Friedreich's ataxia (FA) and sideroblastic anemia, where iron metabolism is dysregulated and leads to mitochondrial iron accumulation. Considering FA, which is due to the decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin, this iron accumulation does not occur within protective storage proteins such as mitochondrial ferritin. Instead, it forms unbound biomineral aggregates composed of high spin iron(III), phosphorous and sulfur, which probably contributes to the observed redox stress. There is also a dysregulated response to the ensuing redox assault, as the master regulator of oxidative stress, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), demonstrates marked down-regulation. The dysfunctional response of Nrf2 in FA is due to multiple mechanisms including: (1) up-regulation of Keap1 that is involved in Nrf2 degradation; (2) activation of the nuclear Nrf2 export/degradation machinery via glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Gsk3β) signaling; and (3) inhibited nuclear translocation of Nrf2. More recently, increased microRNA (miRNA) 144 expression has been demonstrated to down-regulate Nrf2 in several disease states, including an animal model of FA. Other miRNAs have also demonstrated to be dysregulated upon frataxin depletion in vivo in humans and animal models of FA. Collectively, frataxin depletion results in multiple, complex responses that lead to detrimental redox effects that could contribute to the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chiang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - M L H Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - K C Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - D R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hwang M, Lee SW, Park KC, Sul HJ, Kwon DS. Evaluation of a robotic arm-assisted endoscope to facilitate endoscopic submucosal dissection (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2020; 91:699-706. [PMID: 31751551 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is considered technically difficult and challenging using a conventional flexible endoscope, mainly due to the lack of proper countertraction to expose the submucosal dissection plane. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a traction method using a dexterous robotic arm in ex vivo gastric ESD. METHODS ESD was performed in a total of 45 procedures using a portable endoscopic tool handler (PETH) (n = 30) and using the conventional method (n = 15) at various locations in the stomach. For each procedure, the performance data were recorded, including the total procedure time (minutes), incision time (minutes), dissection speed (mm2/minute), and blind dissection rate (%), to enable a comparison of the 2 ESD methods. RESULTS The total procedure time was significantly shorter with PETH-ESD than in conventional ESD (23 vs 36 minutes, P = .011). This result is mainly attributed to the dissection speed, which was significantly faster, by more than 2.5 times, using the PETH (122.3 ± 76.5 vs 47.5 ± 26.9 mm2/minute, P < .001). The blind dissection rate was greatly decreased in PETH-ESD (0 vs 20%, P < .001). There was no significant difference in the incision time (6.1 ± 5.0 vs 5.5 ± 2.9 min, P = .612). CONCLUSIONS The countertraction method using the PETH significantly improved the dissection speed and reduced blind dissection by enhancing direct visualization of the submucosal plane. With the advantages of multidirectional traction, fine tension control, and regrasping, this new device is expected to improve the performance of ESD and further facilitate advanced endoscopic procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gho K, Woo SH, Lee SM, Park KC, Park GN, Kim J, Hong S. Predictive and prognostic roles of electrical cardiometry in noninvasive assessments of community-acquired pneumonia patients with dyspnoea. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1024907919860643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thoracic impedance monitoring able to detect pneumonia in the very early phase of emerging infiltration prior the patient developed remarkable clinical symptoms. However, no studies have yet been conducted on the usefulness of predicting pneumonia patient outcomes with parameters from electrical cardiometry. Objective: In the present study, we evaluated whether parameters measured by electrical cardiometry can predict clinical outcomes including mortality and length of hospital stay in patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the emergency department. Methods: Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected from enrolled patient. Electrical cardiometry monitoring was done with a portable electrical cardiometry device connected to the body surface sensor. The continuous data from electrical cardiometry were recorded, and parameters were stored on the electrical cardiometry device automatically and then the data were downloaded for further analysis. Results: Thoracic fluid content has shown to be significantly higher in the intensive care unit admission group and in the death group. Expired patients had higher value of thoracic fluid content at emergency department admission. From a receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, thoracic fluid content presented fair AUC values of 0.72 (95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.74) and 0.73 (0.62–0.82) for prediction of 28-day mortality and intensive care unit admission. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), the ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to inspired oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2 ratio) also showed excellent AUC value for prediction of mortality and intensive care unit admission. Conclusion: Electrical cardiometry monitoring indicated new possibility to anticipate prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia patient. Increased thoracic fluid content value would relate worse outcome of the patient like mortality and intensive care unit admission. Electrical cardiometry monitoring allows real-time measurements of thoracic fluid content without restraining the patient or invasive catheters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungil Gho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hee Woo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moog Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Nam Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Emergency Medical Technology, Daejeon Health Institute of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoup Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee J, Yi S, Chang JY, Kim JT, Sul HJ, Park KC, Zhu X, Cheng SY, Kero J, Kim J, Shong M. Loss of Primary Cilia Results in the Development of Cancer in the Murine Thyroid Gland. Mol Cells 2019; 42:113-122. [PMID: 30622229 PMCID: PMC6399002 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Communications at the interface between the apical membrane of follicular cells and the follicular lumen are critical for the homeostasis of thyroid gland. Primary cilia at the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells may sense follicular luminal environment and regulate follicular homeostasis, although their role in vivo remains to be determined. Here, mice devoid of primary cilia were generated by thyroid follicular epithelial cell-specific deletion of the gene encoding intraflagellar transport protein 88 (Ift88 ). Thyroid follicular cell-specific Ift88-deficient mice showed normal folliculogenesis and hormonogenesis; however, those older than 7 weeks showed irregularly dilated and destroyed follicles in the thyroid gland. With increasing age, follicular cells with malignant properties showing the characteristic nuclear features of human thyroid carcinomas formed papillary and solid proliferative nodules from degenerated thyroid follicles. Furthermore, malignant tumor cells manifested as tumor emboli in thyroid vessels. These findings suggest that loss-of-function of Ift88/primary cilia results in malignant transformation from degenerated thyroid follicles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, MD 20892-4264,
USA
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, MD 20892-4264,
USA
| | - Jukka Kero
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku,
Finland
| | - Joon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34040,
Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee J, Oh DH, Park KC, Choi JE, Kwon JB, Lee J, Park K, Sul HJ. Increased Primary Cilia in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Mol Cells 2018; 41:224-233. [PMID: 29477141 PMCID: PMC5881096 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are solitary, non-motile, axonemal microtubule-based antenna-like organelles that project from the plasma membrane of most mammalian cells and are implicated in transducing hedgehog signals during development. It was recently proposed that aberrant SHH signaling may be implicated in the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the distribution and role of primary cilia in IPF remains unclear. Here, we clearly observed the primary cilia in alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells of human normal lung tissue. Then, we investigated the distribution of primary cilia in human IPF tissue samples using immunofluorescence. Tissues from six IPF cases showed an increase in the number of primary cilia in alveolar cells and fibroblasts. In addition, we observed an increase in ciliogenesis related genes such as IFT20 and IFT88 in IPF. Since major components of the SHH signaling pathway are known to be localized in primary cilia, we quantified the mRNA expression of the SHH signaling components using qRT-PCR in both IPF and control lung. mRNA levels of SHH, the coreceptor SMO, and the transcription factors GLI1 and GLI2 were upregulated in IPF compared with control. Furthermore, the nuclear localization of GLI1 was observed mainly in alveolar epithelia and fibroblasts. In addition, we showed that defective KIF3A-mediated ciliary loss in human type II alveolar epithelial cell lines leads to disruption of SHH signaling. These results indicate that a significant increase in the number of primary cilia in IPF contributes to the upregulation of SHH signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Oh
- Department of Radiology, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35365,
Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Ji Eun Choi
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Jong Beom Kwon
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Kuhn Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim CS, Choi H, Park KC, Kim SW, Sun DI. The Ability of Human Nasal Inferior Turbinate-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Repair Vocal Fold Injuries. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:335-342. [PMID: 29557254 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818764627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the ability of implanted human nasal inferior turbinate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs) to repair injured vocal folds. To this end, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze the early phase of wound healing and histopathological analysis to explore the late phase of wound healing in xenograft animal models. Study Design Prospective animal study. Setting Research laboratory. Subjects and Methods The right-side lamina propria of the vocal fold was injured in 20 rabbits and 30 rats. Next, hTMSCs were implanted into half of the injured vocal folds (hTMSC groups). As a control, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into the other half of the injured vocal folds (PBS groups). Rat vocal folds were harvested for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 1 week after injury. Rabbit vocal folds were evaluated endoscopically and the larynges harvested for histological and immunohistochemical examination at 2 and 8 weeks after injury. Results In the hTMSC group, PCR showed that hyaluronan synthase ( HAS) 1, HAS 2, and transforming growth factor ( TGF)-β1 were significantly upregulated compared with the PBS group. Procollagen type III ( COL III) messenger RNA expression was significantly upregulated in the PBS group compared with the normal group. Histological analyses showed that hTMSC administration afforded more favorable collagen and hyaluronic acid deposition than was evident in the controls. Implanted hTMSCs were observed in injured vocal folds 2 weeks after implantation. Conclusions Our results show that hTMSCs implantation into injured vocal folds facilitated vocal fold regeneration, with presenting antifibrotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Choung-Soo Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Choi
- 2 Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- 2 Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Il Sun
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee J, Yi S, Chang JY, Kang YE, Kim HJ, Park KC, Yang KJ, Sul HJ, Kim JO, Yi HS, Zhu X, Cheng SY, Shong M. Regeneration of thyroid follicles from primordial cells in a murine thyroidectomized model. J Transl Med 2017; 97:478-489. [PMID: 28112758 PMCID: PMC7886286 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional unit of the thyroid gland, the thyroid follicle, dynamically responds to various stimuli to maintain thyroid hormone homeostasis. However, thyroid follicles in the adult human thyroid gland have a very limited regenerative capacity following partial resection of the thyroid gland. To gain insight into follicle regeneration in the adult thyroid gland, we observed the regeneration processes of murine thyroid follicles after partial resection of the lower third of the thyroid gland in 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Based on sequential observation of the partially resected thyroid lobe, we found primitive follicles forming in the area corresponding to the central zone of the intact lateral thyroid lobe. The primitive thyroid follicles were multiciliated and had coarsely vacuolated cytoplasm and large vesicular nuclei. Consistently, these primitive follicular cells did not express the differentiation markers paired box gene-8 and thyroid transcription factor-1 (clone SPT24), but were positive for forkhead box protein A2 and leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 4/GPR48. Follicles newly generated from the primitive follicles had clear or vacuolar cytoplasm with dense, darkly stained nuclei. At day 21 after partial thyroidectomy, the tall cuboidal follicular epithelial cells had clear or vacuolar cytoplasm, and the intraluminal colloid displayed pale staining. Smaller activated follicles were found in the central zone of the lateral lobe, whereas larger mature follicles were located in the peripheral zone. Based on these observations, we propose that the follicle regeneration process in the partially resected adult murine thyroid gland associated with the appearance of primitive follicular cells may be a platform for the budding of differentiated follicles in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ok Kim
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xuguang Zhu
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institut, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Gene Regulation Section, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institut, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oh CW, Park KC, Jo YH. Evaluating augmentation with calcium phosphate cement (chronOS Inject) for bone defects after internal fixation of proximal tibial fractures: A prospective, multicenter, observational study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2017; 103:105-109. [PMID: 27884644 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Managing subchondral bone defects in proximal tibia fractures after plateau reduction is an important consideration. ChronOS Inject is a recently developed calcium phosphate bone substitute that shows relatively fast osteointegration. HYPOTHESIS Using chronOS Inject during internal fixation of proximal tibial fractures provides a satisfactory treatment option that is both clinically and radiologically safe. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients enrolled in this study were treated with chronOS Inject bone void filler, during internal fixation of proximal tibial fractures. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 6 and 12 months postoperative. Radiographic union was assessed using plain films supplemented by CT scans. Pain, function and adverse events were collected at all visits. A total of 36 patients were enrolled in the study and treated according to a predetermined protocol. Seven of the 36 patients (19.4%) were lost to follow-up. RESULTS Successful radiographic union was achieved in 27/29 (93.1%) of patients at final follow-up. Articular subsidence of>2mm only occurred in one patient. Statistical analysis showed significant improvements both in leg pain and knee function. Progress in knee function was observed in 93.1% (27/29) of patients from 6 weeks to 12 months. No product-related complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS Successful union was achieved based on radiographic criteria as well as clinical outcomes. When managing bone defects after internal fixation of proximal tibial fractures, the use of chronOS Inject resulted in significant improvement of knee function and reduction of leg pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, prospective observational study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongduk-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - K C Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Kyoungchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea.
| | - Y H Jo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153 Kyoungchun-ro, Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do 11923, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee SW, Park KC, Kim JG, Moon SJ, Kang SB, Lee DS, Sul HJ, Ji JS, Jeong HY. Dysregulation of MicroRNA-196b-5p and MicroRNA-375 in Gastric Cancer. J Gastric Cancer 2016; 16:221-229. [PMID: 28053808 PMCID: PMC5206312 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2016.16.4.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) can contribute to cancer development by leading to abnormal proliferation of cells, apoptosis, and differentiation. Although several miRNAs that are related to gastric cancer have been identified, the reported results have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine miRNA expression profiles and validate miRNAs up- and down-regulated in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods We evaluated 34 primary gastric cancer tissues and paired adjacent nontumorous gastric tissues. Total RNA was extracted, and low-molecular-weight RNAs (<200 nucleotides) were isolated for further analysis. Two pairs of tissues were processed for GeneChip microarray analysis, and the identified up- and down-regulated miRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results In the set of differentially expressed miRNAs, 5 were overexpressed by more than 2 fold, and 5 were reduced by 2 fold or less in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal gastric tissues. Four of these miRNAs (miR-196b-5p, miR-375, miR-483-5p, and miR-486-5p) were then validated by qPCR, and the relative expression levels of 2 miRNAs (miR-196b-5p and miR-375) were significantly different between cancer and normal tissues. Conclusions Our results revealed that the expression of miR-196b-5p and miR-375 significantly correlates with gastric cancer. These miRNAs could therefore serve as diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Goo Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Jin Moon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Bum Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hae Joung Sul
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Seon Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Yong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee JH, Kang YE, Chang JY, Park KC, Kim HW, Kim JT, Kim HJ, Yi HS, Shong M, Chung HK, Kim KS. An engineered FGF21 variant, LY2405319, can prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by enhancing hepatic mitochondrial function. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4750-4763. [PMID: 27904677 PMCID: PMC5126319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent obesity-related disease that affects large populations throughout the world due to excessive calorie intake and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. FGF21 is a starvation-induced pleiotropic hormone with various beneficial metabolic effects, and pharmacological treatment in rodents has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and decrease simple fatty liver disease. However, its effects on reversing the symptoms of advanced liver disease have yet to be validated. Here, we investigated the protective effects of the LY2405319 compound, an engineered FGF21 variant, in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model using leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce steatohepatitis. LY2405319 treatment in ob/ob mice corroborated previous results showing that improvements in the metabolic parameters were due to increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and fatty acid oxidation. LY2405319 treatment in ob/ob mice on an MCD diet significantly reduced the symptoms of steatohepatitis, as confirmed by Masson's trichrome staining intensity. Serum levels of AST and ALT were also reduced, suggesting an attenuation of liver injury, while detection of inflammatory markers showed decreased mRNA expression of TGF-β1 and type-I collagen, and decreased phosphorylation of NF-kB p65, JNK1/2, and p38. Collectively, these data show that LY2405319 treatment attenuated MCD diet-induced NASH progression. We propose that the LY2405319 compound is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of advanced liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of KoreaDaejeon 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University HospitalDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim DH, Lee IH, Nam ST, Hong J, Zhang P, Lu LF, Hwang JS, Park KC, Kim H. Antimicrobial Peptide, Lumbricusin, Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction and Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in a Mouse Model of Parkinson��s Disease. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1507.07011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
21
|
Rho CR, Kang S, Park KC, Yang KJ, Choi H, Cho WK. Antiangiogenic effects of topically administered multiple kinase inhibitor, motesanib (AMG 706), on experimental choroidal neovascularization in mice. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 31:25-31. [PMID: 25255037 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2014.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of topical motesanib, an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase, on experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS CNV was induced in 46 nine-week-old male C57BL/6 mice using fundus laser photocoagulation. The right eye of each mouse was treated with motesanib eye drop (4 times daily) and the left eye with vehicle eye drop (4 times daily) for 14 days. To evaluate changes in the CNV lesions, fluorescein angiography, immunofluorescence staining with CD34, and histological examinations were performed 14 days after CNV induction. The expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in choroidal tissues was determined using western blot analysis to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of topically administered motesanib on intracellular signaling pathways involved in CNV development. RESULTS Fluorescein angiography showed that fluorescence leakage in eyes treated with topical motesanib was significantly less than in mice treated with vehicle (P=0.01). On immunofluorescence staining, the CD34-labeled area was smaller in topical motesanib-treated eyes (P<0.001). The expression level of phosphorylated ERK1/2 relative to that of total ERK1/2 decreased in eyes treated with topical motesanib compared with eyes treated with vehicle. CONCLUSION Topical motesanib significantly reduced laser-induced CNV in the experimental mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Rae Rho
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hwang HS, Yang KJ, Kim SE, Park KC, Choi HS, Oh JM, Chang YK, Park CW, Yang CW, Kim SY. FP202PARICALCITOL PRETREATMENT ATTENUATES APOPTOSIS AND INFLAMMATION IN RENAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY VIA PROSTAGLANDIN E2 RECEPTOR EP4. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv172.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
23
|
Park KC, Whitney CGE, Kozera C, O'Leary SJB, McGinn PJ. Seasonal isolation of microalgae from municipal wastewater for remediation and biofuel applications. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:76-87. [PMID: 25845886 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of the study was to isolate the microalgae strains from treated municipal wastewater in both summer and winter seasons in order to identify strains better suited for nutrient remediation and biofuel production under either cooler or warmer temperatures. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-six strains in total were isolated and identified by DNA sequencing from effluent samples collected from a local wastewater treatment plant during the summer and winter of 2011. Screening of 41 isolates based on the fatty acid productivity at either 22 or 10°C resulted in the selection of 12 strains organized into two groups of 6-the M (mild) and C (cool) groups, respectively. Four of the C-group strains were isolated from the winter sample, while four of the M-group isolates were isolated from the summer sample. Fatty acid pools in M-group strains were heavily regulated in response to growth temperature while C-group strains were more insensitive. In three of the six C-group strains, the rates of biomass and fatty acid productivity at 10°C exceeded the corresponding rates at 22°C. Conversely, M group were always more productive at 22 compared to 10°C. Mixotrophic strategies to enhance productivity were generally unsuccessful in M-group strains at 22°C but proved to be more effective in C-group cultures at 10°C. CONCLUSIONS In general, C-group strains appeared better suited for growth in municipal wastewater at 10°C, while M-group strains were better suited at 22°C. On balance, C-group isolates were more likely to come from winter wastewater samples while M-group strains were more likely to come from the summer sample. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our results demonstrate that the effects of temperature on microalgal growth for wastewater remediation can be mitigated somewhat by isolation and careful selection of strains adapted to seasonal wastewater conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Park
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - C G E Whitney
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - C Kozera
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - S J B O'Leary
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - P J McGinn
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cho JS, Cho EJ, Lee J, Choi HD, Park KC, Lee KH, Yang KJ, Park MW, Park GM, Her SH, Kim CJ. Myocardial mechanics in a rat model with banding and debanding of the ascending aorta. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2014; 22:189-95. [PMID: 25580193 PMCID: PMC4286640 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2014.22.4.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic banding and debanding models have provided useful information on the development and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). In this animal study, we aimed to evaluate left ventricular (LV) deformation related to the development and regression of LVH. METHODS Minimally invasive ascending aorta banding was performed in rats (10 Sprague Dawley rats, 7 weeks). Ten rats underwent a sham operation. Thirty-five days later, the band was removed. Echocardiographic and histopathologic analysis was assessed at pre-banding, 35 days of banding and 14 days of debanding. RESULTS Banding of the ascending aorta created an expected increase in the aortic velocity and gradient, which normalized with the debanding procedure. Pressure overload resulted in a robust hypertrophic response as assessed by gross and microscopic histology, transthoracic echocardiography [heart weight/tibia length (g/m); 21.0 ± 0.8 vs. 33.2 ± 2.0 vs. 26.6 ± 2.8, p < 0.001]. The circumferential (CS) and radial strains were not different between the groups. However, there were significant differences in the degree of fibrosis according to the banding status (fibrosis; 0.10 ± 0.20% vs. 5.26 ± 3.12% vs. 4.03 ± 3.93%, p = 0.003), and global CS showed a significant correlation with the degree of myocardial fibrosis in this animal model (r = 0.688, p = 0.028). CONCLUSION In this animal study, simulating a severe LV pressure overload state, a significant increase in the LV mass index did not result in a significant reduction in the LV mechanical parameters. The degree of LV fibrosis, which developed with pressure overload, was significantly related to the magnitude of left ventricular mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Cho
- Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongho Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Duck Choi
- The University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Keum-Jin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mahn-Won Park
- Division of Cardiology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyung-Min Park
- Division of Cardiology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Her
- Division of Cardiology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Joon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nam SW, Park KC, Yang KJ, Lee B, Kim SW. Genetic screen identifies suppressor of morphogenesis in genitalia-1 (SMG-1) as a modulator of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1450-6. [PMID: 25017961 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis and a very complex dysregulated molecular etiology. Furthermore, conventional therapy thus far has had only limited success. A recently developed oral multikinase inhibitor, sorafenib, has been used to improve survival in HCC patients, however, follow‑up studies have revealed a high rate of cancer recurrence. Therefore, identification of genes involved in sorafenib resistance is urgently required. RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for performing loss-of-function genetic screens and can facilitate the identification of components of the cellular signaling pathway. This study describes the results of an unbiased genomic screening using RNAi in an HCC cell line to elucidate genes related to sorafenib non-responsiveness or resistance. A genome-wide in vitro RNA interference screen revealed the role of suppressor of morphogenesis in genitalia-1 (SMG-1) as a determinant of sorafenib resistance. The inhibition of SMG-1 reduced sorafenib sensitivity in the studied HCC cell lines. An immunohistochemical comparison of cancerous and non‑cancerous regions showed strong staining in the non‑neoplastic hepatocyte regions of HCC. SMG-1 may warrant investigation as an agent to reverse sorafenib resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Woo Nam
- Hepatobiliary Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, Medical School of the Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Jin Yang
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungchun Lee
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee SM, Choi H, Yang G, Park KC, Jeong S, Hong S. microRNAs mediate oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in rats using an alternative injury mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:292-300. [PMID: 24736893 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) infusion of oleic acid (OA) distributes OA microemboli in the pulmonary capillaries, which results in severe vascular congestion, hemorrhage vascular congestion, interstitial edema, intravascular coagulation and bleeding. The immune response to acute lung injury (ALI) is known to be associated with rapid and widespread changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression in the lung. The present study of a model of rat lung injury aimed to investigate how the lung miRNA profile changes to mediate ALI. For the induction of ALI, OA (200 µl/kg) suspended in 20% ethyl alcohol was injected through the tail vein for 20 min. Lung tissue samples were acquired at 3, 6 and 24 h, and miRNA microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed using these samples. The activation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) were analyzed by western blot analysis. There were 75 miRNAs that demonstrated >1.5‑fold changes in expression levels. miR-101a was highly upregulated at 3 h. miR-21 was upregulated in the OA group throughout the 24 h following OA challenge. miR-1 was the most downregulated miRNA at 24 h. In order to examine the expression levels of PTEN and Akt as targets of miR-21, western blot analysis was performed. At 3 h, the levels of PTEN were attenuated in the OA group as compared with those in the control group; however, p-Akt/Akt levels were increased at 3 h for the OA group. PTEN and p-Akt/Akt were significantly higher in the OA group at 3 h and were rapidly decreased at 6 h. The immunohistochemical stain of α-smooth muscle actin in the bronchial and alveolar wall increased 24 h after OA‑induced ALI. These results indicated that the profile of miRNAs dynamically changed throughout the OA-induced ALI process, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, PTEN/Akt pathway alteration and smooth muscle actin activation were observed in this ALI model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mook Lee
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Choi
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumjin Yang
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sikyoung Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungyoup Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137‑701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nam SW, Park KC, Choi HS, Lee B, Kim SW. Identification of Zinc Finger, MYM-type 2 (ZMYM2) as a regulator of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:633-9. [PMID: 24716227 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a very complex molecular process. There is no successful therapy for advanced HCC at present. Recently, sorafenib has been used as a systemic therapy to improve survival in patients with advanced HCC, but increasing reports of recurrence or non-responsiveness indicate the limitations of sorafenib as a therapeutic agent. Therefore, identification of genes involved in sorafenib resistance is important to effectively treat advanced HCC. METHODS We performed a genomic screening with a short-hairpin RNA library cassette on HCC cell lines to find genes relating resistance to sorafenib. RESULTS Zinc finger, MYM type 2 (ZMYM2) was sequenced after three successive screens in vitro as a challengeable target. The inhibition of ZMYM2 resulted in sorafenib-resistance in formerly sensitive HCC cell lines. Immunohistochemical comparison of tumor and non-tumor regions showed stronger ZMYM2 staining intensities in non-tumor regions than in tumor regions. CONCLUSION ZMYM2 may play an important role in sorafenib resistance.
Collapse
|
28
|
Suckling DM, Dymock JJ, Park KC, Wakelin RH, Jamieson LE. Communication disruption of guava moth (Coscinoptycha improbana) using a pheromone analog based on chain length. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:1161-8. [PMID: 24026215 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The guava moth, Coscinoptycha improbana, an Australian species that infests fruit crops in commercial and home orchards, was first detected in New Zealand in 1997. A four-component pheromone blend was identified but is not yet commercially available. Using single sensillum recordings from male antennae, we established that the same olfactory receptor neurons responded to two guava moth sex pheromone components, (Z)-11-octadecen-8-one and (Z)-12-nonadecen-9-one, and to a chain length analog, (Z)-13-eicosen-10-one, the sex pheromone of the related peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii. We then field tested whether this non-specificity of the olfactory neurons might enable disruption of sexual communication by the commercially available analog, using male catch to synthetic lures in traps in single-tree, nine-tree and 2-ha plots. A disruptive pheromone analog, based on chain length, is reported for the first time. Trap catches for guava moth were disrupted by three polyethylene tubing dispensers releasing the analog in single-tree plots (86% disruption of control catches) and in a plots of nine trees (99% disruption). Where peach fruit moth pheromone dispensers were deployed at a density of 1000/ha in two 2-ha areas, pheromone traps for guava moth were completely disrupted for an extended period (up to 470 days in peri-urban gardens in Mangonui and 422 days in macadamia nut orchards in Kerikeri). In contrast, traps in untreated areas over 100 m away caught 302.8 ± 128.1 moths/trap in Mangonui and 327.5 ± 78.5 moths/ trap in Kerikeri. The longer chain length in the pheromone analog has greater longevity than the natural pheromone due to its lower volatility. Chain length analogs may warrant further investigation for mating disruption in Lepidoptera, and screening using single-sensillum recording is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Suckling
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, PB 4704, Christchurch, New Zealand,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Park SJ, Choi HR, Nam KM, Na JI, Huh CH, Park KC. Immediate induction of heat shock proteins is not protective against cryopreservation in normal human fibroblasts. Cryo Letters 2013; 34:239-247. [PMID: 23812313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) were first identified as proteins whose synthesis was enhanced by stresses, such as increased temperature. HSPs can protect cells from various cytotoxic factors by stabilizing proteins. Thus, it could be hypothesized that heat induced HSPs can provide protective effects against cryopreservation-induced cell death. The aim of this study was to determine whether induction of HSPs can increase the cell viability of normal human fibroblasts after cryopreservation. Cytotoxic effects of heat treatment were tested and the induction of HSPs was assessed by examining time-dependent HSP expression. A cell counting method using fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the viability of cells. In addition, the effects of geranylgeranylacetone were evaluated in terms of HSP expression and cytoskeleton changes. The results of this study showed that immediate induction of HSPs does not protect normal human fibroblasts against cryopreservation-induced cell death possibly by inducing cytoskeleton changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ryu MJ, Kim SJ, Kim YK, Choi MJ, Tadi S, Lee MH, Lee SE, Chung HK, Jung SB, Kim HJ, Jo YS, Kim KS, Lee SH, Kim JM, Kweon GR, Park KC, Lee JU, Kong YY, Lee CH, Chung J, Shong M. Crif1 deficiency reduces adipose OXPHOS capacity and triggers inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003356. [PMID: 23516375 PMCID: PMC3597503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has been proposed as an etiological mechanism underlying insulin resistance. However, the initiating organ of OXPHOS dysfunction during the development of systemic insulin resistance has yet to be identified. To determine whether adipose OXPHOS deficiency plays an etiological role in systemic insulin resistance, the metabolic phenotype of mice with OXPHOS-deficient adipose tissue was examined. Crif1 is a protein required for the intramitochondrial production of mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS subunits; therefore, Crif1 haploinsufficient deficiency in mice results in a mild, but specific, failure of OXPHOS capacity in vivo. Although adipose-specific Crif1-haploinsufficient mice showed normal growth and development, they became insulin-resistant. Crif1-silenced adipocytes showed higher expression of chemokines, the expression of which is dependent upon stress kinases and antioxidant. Accordingly, examination of adipose tissue from Crif1-haploinsufficient mice revealed increased secretion of MCP1 and TNFα, as well as marked infiltration by macrophages. These findings indicate that the OXPHOS status of adipose tissue determines its metabolic and inflammatory responses, and may cause systemic inflammation and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Ryu
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soung Jung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Kyung Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Surendar Tadi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Saet Byel Jung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Suk Jo
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Gi Ryang Kweon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Cheol Park
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung Uee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Yun Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Animal Model Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hwang HS, Yang KJ, Park KC, Choi HS, Kim SH, Hong SY, Jeon BH, Chang YK, Park CW, Kim SY, Lee SJ, Yang CW. Pretreatment with paricalcitol attenuates inflammation in ischemia-reperfusion injury via the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:1156-66. [PMID: 23229926 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of paricalcitol on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has not been investigated. We examined whether paricalcitol is effective in preventing inflammation in a mouse model of IRI, and evaluated the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathways as a protective mechanism of paricalcitol. METHODS Paricalcitol (0.3 μg/kg) was administered to male C57BL/6 mice 24 h before IRI. Bilateral kidneys were subjected to 23 min of ischemia, and mice were killed 72 h after IRI. The effects of paricalcitol on renal IRI were evaluated in terms of renal function, tubular necrosis, apoptotic cell death, inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokines. The effects of paricalcitol on COX-2, PGE2 and its receptors were investigated. RESULTS Paricalcitol pretreatment improved renal function (decreased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels), tubular necrosis and apoptotic cell death in IRI-mice kidneys. The infiltration of inflammatory cells (T cells and macrophages), and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (RANTES, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ) were reduced in paricalcitol-treated mice with IRI. Paricalcitol up-regulated COX-2 expression, PGE2 synthesis and mRNA expression of receptor subtype EP4 in post-ischemic renal tissue. The cotreatment of a selective COX-2 inhibitor with paricalcitol restored functional injury and tubular necrosis in paricalcitol-treated mice with IRI. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that paricalcitol pretreatment prevents renal IRI via the inhibition of renal inflammation, and the up-regulation of COX-2 and PGE2 is one of the protective mechanisms of paricalcitol in renal IRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Seok Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kang S, Roh CR, Cho WK, Park KC, Yang KJ, Choi HS, Kim SH, Roh YJ. Antiangiogenic effects of axitinib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, on laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice. Curr Eye Res 2012; 38:119-27. [PMID: 23013553 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.727520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of axitinib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in an animal model of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS Experimental CNV lesions were induced in C57BL/6 mice by laser photocoagulation. Beginning 1 day after CNV induction, mice were treated with axitinib (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 2 weeks. In other groups of mice, axitinib or vehicle treatment was started 7 days after the laser application to determine the effect of the drug on established CNV. Untreated mice were used as a baseline group. Two weeks after laser injury, the extent of CNV was assessed from choroidal flat mounts perfused with fluorescein-labeled dextran. Immunofluorescence staining with isolectin IB4 was also used to quantify the CNV lesions. RESULTS Orally administered axitinib inhibited CNV growth in the laser-induced CNV model. Axitinib caused a 70.1% inhibition of CNV lesions compared to vehicle-treatment (p < 0.001). Axitinib also caused a significant regression of established CNV, reducing the area by 71.1% compared to vehicle treatment (p < 0.001). Moreover, immunofluorescence staining showed that the area of isolectin IB4 labeled vessels was smaller in the axitinib-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Axitinib effectively inhibits the progression of CNV in an experimental animal model. These results suggest that axitinib could constitute a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of neovascular AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungbum Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kang S, Park KC, Yang KJ, Choi HS, Kim SH, Roh YJ. Effect of cediranib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in a mouse model of choroidal neovascularization. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 41:63-72. [PMID: 22594647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cediranib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in a mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. METHODS Choroidal neovascularization was induced in C57BL/6 mice by rupturing Bruch's membrane using laser photocoagulation. Following laser injury, the mice were divided into three groups and administered either vehicle, 1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg of cediranib daily by oral gavage for 2 weeks. Two weeks after laser injury, the area of choroidal neovascularization lesions was measured by choroidal flat mounts using fluorescein-labelled dextran. Immunofluorescence staining with isolectin IB4 was also used to quantify the choroidal neovascularization lesions. RESULTS Choroidal flat mount analysis revealed that orally administered cediranib reduced the extent of choroidal neovascularization. The groups treated with 1 and 5 mg/kg/day showed 57.2 and 66.0% reduction of choroidal neovascularization lesions, respectively, compared with the control group treated with vehicle alone (P = 0.012). The size of the fluorescently labelled choroidal neovascularization complex in cediranib-treated groups was much smaller than that from vehicle-treated group (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Cediranib inhibited laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice and may have therapeutic potential for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungbum Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Choi CW, Choi JW, Park KC, Youn SW. Ultraviolet-induced red fluorescence of patients with acne reflects regional casual sebum level and acne lesion distribution: qualitative and quantitative analyses of facial fluorescence. Br J Dermatol 2012; 166:59-66. [PMID: 21895623 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ultraviolet (UV)-induced red fluorescence of patients with acne has been considered to be caused by Propionibacterium acnes. OBJECTIVES To study the correlation of the facial red fluorescence with the casual sebum level and the number of acne lesions and to investigate the difference in clinical features, according to both distribution and proportion of fluorescence. METHODS A total of 878 patients clinically diagnosed with acne vulgaris were included. Inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions were counted separately. UV fluorescent photography and casual sebum level measurements were performed. UV-induced fluorescence patterns were classified according to the facial distribution. The proportions of UV-induced red fluorescence were calculated. RESULTS We identified six different fluorescence distribution patterns in the T-zone (the forehead, nose and chin) and three different patterns in the U-zone (both cheeks). The proportion of fluorescence in the U-zone showed a positive correlation with the casual sebum level and the number of acne lesions. In the T-zone, the fluorescence proportion correlated with the casual sebum level, but not with the number of acne lesions. As the patients' age and the age at onset increased, the distribution of fluorescence changed from the upper part of the T-zone to the lower part, and to the centre of the face in the U-zone. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that the origin of facial red fluorescence is sebum. In patients with acne, analyses of the pattern and proportion of UV-induced red fluorescence can be useful for evaluating the sebum secretion and selecting efficient treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumi-10, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 463-707, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim BY, Choi JW, Park KC, Youn SW. Sebum, acne, skin elasticity, and gender difference - which is the major influencing factor for facial pores? Skin Res Technol 2011; 19:e45-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BY Kim
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul; Korea
| | - JW Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul; Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim SJ, Park KC, Lee JU, Kim KJ, Kim DG. Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cells for liver failure according to the transplantation routes. J Korean Surg Soc 2011; 81:176-86. [PMID: 22066119 PMCID: PMC3204543 DOI: 10.4174/jkss.2011.81.3.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Even though adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been spotlighted as a possible alternative for liver transplantation in an experimental setting, the mechanism by which ADSCs improve liver dysfunction remains poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic ability of undifferentiated ADSCs, and find a few clues on how ADSCs alleviate liver damage by comparing the transplantation routes. Methods In vitro generated human ADSCs were checked for surface markers and stage-specific genes for characterization. Afterwards, they were transplanted into C57BL/6 mice with CCl4-induced liver injury. The transplantations were made via tail vein, portal vein, and direct liver parenchymal injection. At 1 and 3 post-transplantation days, serum biochemical parameters and/or liver specimens were evaluated. Results We have shown here that ADSCs have the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, and belong to endodermal and/or early hepatic differentiation stage. After transplantation into the mice with acute liver failure, markers of liver injury, such as alanineaminotransferase, aspartateaminotransferase, as well as ammonia, decreased. Of these transplantation routes, transplantation via tail vein rendered the most prominent reduction in the biochemical parameters. Conclusion Undifferentiated ADSCs have the ability to improve hepatic function in mice with acute liver injury. Moreover, our transplantation route study supports the theory that ADSCs in systemic circulation can exert endocrine or paracrine effects to ameliorate the injured liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim JH, Kim BY, Choi JW, Kim SO, Lee HS, Park KC, Youn SW. The objective evaluation of the severity of psoriatic scales with desquamation collecting tapes and image analysis. Skin Res Technol 2011; 18:143-50. [PMID: 21507073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of psoriatic scales is important to determine the severity of psoriasis. However, there are very limited numbers of objective, quantitative and observer-independent tools for measuring the severity of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the bioengineering parameters of the psoriatic scale can be used to assess the severity of psoriasis instead of the psoriatic severity index of scales (PSIs) score. METHODS Thirty-four patients with psoriasis were included. A representative lesion from each patient was selected and bioengineering parameters were measured using the Corneofix(®). Simultaneously, the severity of the scales was assessed by the PSIs score using clinical photographs of the lesions. In addition, skin color and elasticity parameters were also measured using the Colorimeter(®), the Mexameter(®) and the Cutometer(®). RESULTS Statistical differences in the scale parameters were observed between the PSIs 2 and 3 scores. Among the scale parameters, the percent area and area in μm(2) were negatively correlated with the PSIs score. In addition, the Colorimeter(®) a, b parameters and the Cutometer(®) R9 parameters were significantly correlated with the PSIs score. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed that the severity of psoriatic scales could be measured objectively using the Corneofix(®).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Choi CW, Lee DH, Kim HS, Kim BY, Park KC, Youn SW. The clinical features of late onset acne compared with early onset acne in women. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25:454-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
39
|
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Propofol, a commonly used sedative, has on rare occasions, been reported to discolour urine green. However, in previous reports, it is uncertain that whether this colour change is dose dependent. We report on a patient who produced dark green discoloration of urine from prolonged propofol infusion, administered for intractable epilepsy. CASE SUMMARY The colour intensity of the patient's urine was dependent on propofol infusion rate. Reducing propofol infusion rate lightened the colour of the urine, eventually back to normal. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Green discoloration of the urine from propofol infusion is dose dependent. It is usually benign and reversible, as was the case for our patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B D Ku
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, GyeongGi, Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yeon JH, Jung JY, Choi JW, Kim BJ, Youn SW, Park KC, Huh CH. 5 mg/day finasteride treatment for normoandrogenic Asian women with female pattern hair loss. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 25:211-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
41
|
Chan R, Park KC, Lee MH, Lee ES, Chang SE, Leow YH, Tay YK, Legarda-Montinola F, Tsai RY, Tsai TH, Shek S, Kerrouche N, Thomas G, Verallo-Rowell V. A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of a fixed triple combination (fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%) compared with hydroquinone 4% cream in Asian patients with moderate to severe melasma. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:697-703. [PMID: 18616780 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melasma is an acquired, chronic hypermelanosis for which therapy remains a challenge. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and safety of a triple combination [TC: fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone (HQ) 4%, tretinoin 0.05%] vs. HQ 4% after 8 weeks of treatment of moderate to severe facial melasma in Asian patients. METHODS This was a multicentre, randomized, controlled, investigator-blinded, parallel comparison study. East and South-East Asian patients aged 18 years or older, with a clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe melasma, were enrolled in this study. Patients were enrolled at baseline and treated daily for 8 weeks with TC cream (one application at bedtime) or HQ cream (twice daily). There were four study visits: at baseline and weeks 2, 4 and 8. The primary efficacy variable was the melasma global severity score (GSS). Other outcome measures included Melasma Area and Severity Index, global improvement and patient satisfaction. Safety was assessed through the reporting of adverse events. RESULTS TC had superior efficacy to HQ for the primary variable: 77/120 patients (64.2%) on TC had GSS 'none' or 'mild' at week 8 vs. 48/122 patients (39.4%) on HQ (P < 0.001). The secondary efficacy variables confirmed these results. Patient satisfaction was in favour of TC (90/127, 70.8%, vs. 64/129, 49.6%; P = 0.005). More patients had related adverse events on TC (63/129, 48.8%) than on HQ (18/131, 13.7%) but most were mild and none was severe. CONCLUSIONS Efficacy in Asians and patient satisfaction were superior with the fixed TC than with HQ 4%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Chan
- National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Park YY, Park KC, Shong M, Lee SJ, Lee YH, Choi HS. EID-1 interacts with orphan nuclear receptor SF-1 and represses its transactivation. Mol Cells 2007; 24:372-7. [PMID: 18182853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptor, SF-1, plays a pivotal role in the development and differentiation of the endocrine and reproductive systems, and also regulates the transcription of a host of genes, including those encoding several steroidogenic enzymes and gonadotropins. We found that a previously unidentified repressor, EID-1, is an SF-1-interacting protein that inhibits the transactivation of SF-1. A transient transfection assay revealed that EID-1 inhibits SF-1, but not LRH-1, ERRgamma, or mCAR. Using the yeast two hybrid and GST pull-down assays, we determined that EID-1 interacted strongly with SF-1. In addition, it colocalized with SF-1 in mammalian cells and interacted specifically with the AF-2 domain of SF-1, competing with SRC-1 to inhibit SF-1 transactivation. EID-1 is expressed in the mouse testis, and its expression decreases during testis development. The results of the present study suggest that EID-1 can act as a repressor, regulating the function of SF-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yong Park
- Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim DW, Chung HK, Park KC, Hwang JH, Jo YS, Chung J, Kalvakolanu DV, Resta N, Shong M. Tumor Suppressor LKB1 Inhibits Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) by Thyroid Oncogenic Tyrosine Kinase Rearranged in Transformation (RET)/Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC). Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21:3039-49. [PMID: 17761947 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe tumor suppressor LKB1 (STK11) is a cytoplasmic/nuclear serine/threonine kinase, defects in which cause Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) in humans and animals. Recent studies showed that loss of function of LKB1 is associated with sporadic forms of lung, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. In cancer cells, LKB1 is inactivated by two mechanisms: mutations in its central kinase domain or complete loss of LKB1 expression. Inactivation of LKB1 is associated with progression of PJS and transformation of benign polyps into malignant tumors. This study examines the effect of LKB1 on regulation of STAT3 and expression of transcriptional targets of STAT3. The results show that LKB1 inhibits rearranged in transformation (RET)/papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)-dependent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is mediated by phosphorylation of STAT3 tyrosine 705 by RET/PTC. Suppression of STAT3 transactivation by LKB1 requires the kinase domain but not the kinase activity of LKB1. The centrally located kinase domain of LKB1 is an approximately 260-amino-acid region that binds to the linker domain of STAT3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies indicate that expression of LKB1 reduces the binding of STAT3 to its target promoters and suppresses STAT3-mediated expression of Cyclin D1, VEGF, and Bcl-xL. Knockdown of LKB1 by specific small interfering RNA led to an increase in STAT3 transactivation activity and promoted cell proliferation in the presence of RET/PTC. Thus, this study suggests that LKB1 suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting RET/PTC-dependent activation of oncogenic STAT3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Kim
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, National Research Laboratory Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Park KC, Choi HJ, Kwon JK. Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma mimicking multiple facial nerve schwannoma. Auris Nasus Larynx 2007; 35:291-4. [PMID: 17881169 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a rare, aggressive, poorly understood malignancy that usually occurs in the salivary glands. CXPA has been reported to account for 3.6% of all salivary neoplasms and 11.7% of salivary malignancies. CXPA not only has a low incidence rate but there are few papers or case reports reporting perineural invasion rates. We report a case of CXPA which occurred in the parotid gland, showing retrograde perineural invasion along the facial nerve back to the internal auditory canal (IAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Cheol Park
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Heo SH, Lee MS, Ahn TB, Park KC, Yoon SS, Chang DI, Chung KC. A case of unilateral hemispheric encephalitis. Neurol Sci 2007; 28:185-7. [PMID: 17690849 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-007-0818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a case of encephalitis involving the unilateral hemisphere, with a clinical course different from that of Rasmussen syndrome. A 44-year-old man visited us because of headache and language abnormality. Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed lymphocytosis with increased level of protein. Brain MRI showed abnormal findings limited to the unilateral hemisphere. The symptoms and signs improved without any specific antiviral treatment in a week. However, language disturbance and right hemiparesis developed after a week. Steroid therapy was effective. He recovered without any neurologic sequelae. Our case was unusual encephalitis involving the unilateral hemisphere, which was benign and steroid-responsive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Heo
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-702, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoma is a common soft-tissue tumour of mature fat cells. Although surgical excision is effective, treatments that are less invasive and not associated with disfigurement of scar would be ideal for the treatment of lipomas. Recently, tumescent liposuction has been used for the treatment of lipomas. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of tumescent liposuction in lipoma treatment, we reviewed our experience of lipoma treatment by tumescent liposuction. METHODS A total of 21 patients presenting with 31 lipomas were treated with tumescent liposuction. After liposuction, remaining stromas were removed by a haemostat through the small incision. Tumour size and post-operative complications were recorded before and after treatment. RESULTS A total of 31 lipomas of 21 patients were treated by tumescent liposuction. The size of lipomas ranged between 1.2 and 11 cm (mean size, 4.1 cm). In 23 cases, there were no complications. However, remnant lipomas, bruise, haematoma and immediate dimpling were found as complications. CONCLUSION Tumescent liposuctions with extracting remnant fat tissue and fibrous tissue through the opening for liposuction can be an effective treatment technique in lipoma treatment in the efficacy and cosmetic outcomes and this method can be a substitute for excision in treating large lipomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolic acid and Jessner's solution are popular superficial chemical peel agents for the treatment of facial acne, and increased sebum secretion is one of the major aetiological factors of acne. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of 30% glycolic acid peels and Jessner's solution peels on sebum secretion in facial acne patients. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with mild to moderate facial acne were included. Twenty-seven patients were treated with 30% glycolic acid peels and 11 patients with Jessner's solution peels. Each peel was performed twice with an interval of 2 weeks. Before and 2 weeks after each peel, sebum levels of forehead, nose, chin and cheeks were measured by using a Sebumeter (SM810 Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). RESULTS The sebum levels were not significantly changed by two peels treatments of 30% glycolic acid peels or Jessner's solution peels on the facial skins of patients with facial acne. CONCLUSIONS The two types of peels, 30% glycolic acid peels and Jessner's solution peels, did not affect sebum secretion of the facial skins of patients with facial acne after the two peels treatments. The accumulative effects of more than two peels treatments using these modalities need further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim DW, Jo YS, Jung HS, Chung HK, Song JH, Park KC, Park SH, Hwang JH, Rha SY, Kweon GR, Lee SJ, Jo KW, Shong M. An orally administered multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU11248, is a novel potent inhibitor of thyroid oncogenic RET/papillary thyroid cancer kinases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:4070-6. [PMID: 16849418 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2005-2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The oncogenic RET/PTC tyrosine kinase causes papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The use of inhibitors specific for RET/PTC may be useful for targeted therapy of PTC. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacies of the recently developed kinase inhibitors SU11248, SU5416, and SU6668 in inhibition of RET/PTC. DESIGN SU11248, SU5416, and SU6668 were synthesized, and their inhibitory potencies were evaluated using an in vitro RET/PTC kinase assay. The inhibitory effects of the compounds on RET/PTC were evaluated by quantifying the autophosphorylation of RET/PTC, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 activation, and the morphological reversal of RET/PTC-transformed cells. RESULTS An in vitro kinase assay revealed that SU5416, SU6668, and SU11248 inhibited phosphorylation of the synthetic tyrosine kinase substrate peptide E4Y by RET/PTC3 in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50) of approximately 944 nm for SU5416, 562 nm for SU6668, and 224 nm for SU11248. Thus, SU11248 effectively inhibits the kinase activity of RET/PTC3. RET/PTC-mediated Y705 phosphorylation of STAT3 was inhibited by addition of SU11248, and the inhibitory effects of SU11248 on the tyrosine phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of STAT3 were very closely correlated with decreased autophosphorylation of RET/PTC. SU11248 caused a complete morphological reversion of transformed NIH-RET/PTC3 cells and inhibited the growth of TPC-1 cells that have an endogenous RET/PTC1. CONCLUSION SU11248 is a highly effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the RET/PTC oncogenic kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Kim
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 640 Daesadong Chungku, Daejon 301-721, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Park KC, Lee BH, Kim EJ, Shin MH, Choi KM, Yoon SS, Kwon SU, Chung CS, Lee KH, Heilman KM, Na DL. Deafferentation-disconnection neglect induced by posterior cerebral artery infarction. Neurology 2006; 66:56-61. [PMID: 16401846 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000191306.67582.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate patients with posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarctions to learn whether hemispatial neglect is more frequent and severe after right than left PCA infarction; whether visual field defects (VFDs) influence the presence or severity of hemispatial neglect; and the anatomic loci of lesions that are associated with hemispatial neglect. METHODS The authors recruited 45 patients with PCA infarction that involved only the occipital lobe or the occipital lobe plus other areas served by the PCA. All subjects received seven neglect tests within 2 months after onset. RESULTS Overall, the frequency of hemispatial neglect was 42.2%. The frequency did not significantly differ between the right (48.0%) and left (35.0%) PCA groups, but the severity of hemispatial neglect was significantly greater in the right group. VFD alone did not influence the frequency or severity of neglect after controlling other variables. Isolated occipital lesions were rarely associated with hemispatial neglect, and it was only the occipital plus splenial lesion that significantly influenced the frequency and severity of neglect. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that after excluding such confounding factors as aphasia or hemiplegia, neglect frequency does not differ between the right and left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) groups, but the severity of neglect is greater after right PCA infarctions; even in the acute stage of PCA infarction; visual field defect from an isolated occipital lesion does not cause hemispatial neglect; and the injury to both the occipital lobe and the splenium of the corpus callosum is important for producing hemispatial neglect with PCA infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Park
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University, School of Medicine, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jung HS, Kim DW, Jo YS, Chung HK, Song JH, Park JS, Park KC, Park SH, Hwang JH, Jo KW, Shong M. Regulation of Protein Kinase B Tyrosine Phosphorylation by Thyroid-Specific Oncogenic RET/PTC Kinases. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19:2748-59. [PMID: 15994200 DOI: 10.1210/me.2005-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a heterogenous disorder characterized by unique gene rearrangements and gene mutations that activate signaling pathways responsible for cellular transformation, survival, and antiapoptosis. Activation of protein kinase B (PKB) and its downstream signaling pathways appears to be an important event in thyroid tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that the thyroid-specific oncogenic RET/PTC tyrosine kinase is able to phosphorylate PKB in vitro and in vivo. RET/PTC-transfected cells showed tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenous and exogenous PKB, which was independent of phosphorylation of T308 and S473 regulated by the upstream kinases phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 and -2, respectively. The PKB Y315 residue, which is known to be phosphorylated by Src tyrosine kinase, was also a major site of phosphorylation by RET/PTC. RET/PTC-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation results in the activation of PKB kinase activity. The activation of PKB by RET/PTC blocked the activity of the forkhead transcription factor, FKHRL1, but a Y315F mutant of PKB failed to inhibit FKHRL1 activity. In summary, these observations suggest that RET/PTC is able to phosphorylate the Y315 residue of PKB, an event that results in maximal activation of PKB for RET/PTC-induced thyroid tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sook Jung
- Laboratory of Endocrine Cell Biology, National Research Laboratory Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 640 Daesadong Chungku, Daejeon 301-721, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|