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Obrero-Gaitán E, Fuentes-Núñez D, Moral-García MD, López-Ruiz MDC, Rodríguez-Almagro D, Lomas-Vega R. Misperception of body verticality in neurological disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3496. [PMID: 38688878 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The internal representation of verticality could be disturbed when a lesion in the central nervous system (CNS) affects the centers where information from the vestibular, visual, and/or somatosensory systems, increasing the risk of falling. OBJECTIVE The aim was to evaluate the vestibular and somatosensory contribution to the verticality pattern in patients with stroke and other neurological disorders. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies comparing body verticality in patients with stroke or CNS diseases (CNSD) versus healthy controls were selected. Subjective postural vertical (SPV) in roll and pitch planes was used as the primary variable. RESULTS Ten studies reporting data from 390 subjects were included. The overall effect for CNSD patients showed a misperception of body verticality in roll (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] .84-1.25) and pitch planes (SMD = 1.03; 95% CI .51-1.55). In subgroup analyses, a high effect was observed in the perception of SPV both in roll and pitch planes in stroke (p = .002) and other CNSD (p < .001). CONCLUSION These findings suggest a potential misperception of SPV in patients with stroke and other neurological disturbances. Patients with CNSD could present an alteration of vestibular and somatosensory contribution to verticality construction, particularly stroke patients with pusher syndrome (PS), followed by those with PS combined with hemineglect.
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Rosenzopf H, Sperber C, Wortha F, Wiesen D, Muth A, Klein E, Möller K, Karnath HO. Spatial neglect in the digital age: Influence of presentation format on patients' test behavior. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:686-695. [PMID: 36303420 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Computerized neglect tests could significantly deepen our disorder-specific knowledge by effortlessly providing additional behavioral markers that are hardly or not extractable from existing paper-and-pencil versions. This study investigated how testing format (paper versus digital), and screen size (small, medium, large) affect the Center of cancelation (CoC) in right-hemispheric stroke patients in the Letters and the Bells cancelation task. Our second objective was to determine whether a machine learning approach could reliably classify patients with and without neglect based on their search speed, search distance, and search strategy. METHOD We compared the CoC measure of right hemisphere stroke patients with neglect in two cancelation tasks across different formats and display sizes. In addition, we evaluated whether three additional parameters of search behavior that became available through digitization are neglect-specific behavioral markers. RESULTS Patients' CoC was not affected by test format or screen size. Additional search parameters demonstrated lower search speed, increased search distance, and a more strategic search for neglect patients than for control patients without neglect. CONCLUSION The CoC seems robust to both test digitization and display size adaptations. Machine learning classification based on the additional variables derived from computerized tests succeeded in distinguishing stroke patients with spatial neglect from those without. The investigated additional variables have the potential to aid in neglect diagnosis, in particular when the CoC cannot be validly assessed (e.g., when the test is not performed to completion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rosenzopf
- Centre of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Sperber
- Centre of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Franz Wortha
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Wiesen
- Centre of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annika Muth
- Centre of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elise Klein
- University of Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Leibniz Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Möller
- Leibniz Institut für Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Centre for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans-Otto Karnath
- Centre of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Moore MJ, Vancleef K, Riddoch MJ, Gillebert CR, Demeyere N. Recovery of Visuospatial Neglect Subtypes and Relationship to Functional Outcome Six Months After Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2021; 35:823-835. [PMID: 34269128 PMCID: PMC8414826 DOI: 10.1177/15459683211032977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objective. This study aims to investigate how complex visuospatial neglect behavioural phenotypes predict long-term outcomes, both in terms of neglect recovery and broader functional outcomes after 6 months post-stroke. Methods. This study presents a secondary cohort study of acute and 6-month follow-up data from 400 stroke survivors who completed the Oxford Cognitive Screen's Cancellation Task. At follow-up, patients also completed the Stroke Impact Scale questionnaire. These data were analysed to identify whether any specific combination of neglect symptoms is more likely to result in long-lasting neglect or higher levels of functional impairment, therefore warranting more targeted rehabilitation. Results. Overall, 98/142 (69%) neglect cases recovered by follow-up, and there was no significant difference in the persistence of egocentric/allocentric (X2 [1] = .66 and P = .418) or left/right neglect (X2 [2] = .781 and P = .677). Egocentric neglect was found to follow a proportional recovery pattern with all patients demonstrating a similar level of improvement over time. Conversely, allocentric neglect followed a non-proportional recovery pattern with chronic neglect patients exhibiting a slower rate of improvement than those who recovered. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the initial severity of acute allocentric, but not egocentric, neglect impairment acted as a significant predictor of poor long-term functional outcomes (F [9,300] = 4.742, P < .001 and adjusted R2 = .098). Conclusions. Our findings call for systematic neuropsychological assessment of both egocentric and allocentric neglect following stroke, as the occurrence and severity of these conditions may help predict recovery outcomes over and above stroke severity alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J. Moore
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathleen Vancleef
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Jane Riddoch
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nele Demeyere
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Devenney EM, Tu S, Caga J, Ahmed RM, Ramsey E, Zoing M, Kwok J, Halliday GM, Piguet O, Hodges JR, Kiernan MC. Neural mechanisms of psychosis vulnerability and perceptual abnormalities in the ALS-FTD spectrum. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1576-1591. [PMID: 34156763 PMCID: PMC8351398 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to (i) explore psychotic experiences across the entire amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD) spectrum from a clinical and genetic perspective, (ii) determine the rate of abnormal perceptual experiences across the five sensory modalities and (iii) explore the neurobiological factors that lead to psychosis vulnerability in ALS-FTD. METHODS In a prospective case-controlled study design, 100 participants were enrolled including ALS (n = 37, 24% satisfied criteria for ALS-Plus), ALS-FTD (n = 11), bvFTD (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 25). Psychotic experiences, perceptual abnormalities and psychosocial factors were determined by means of the clinical interview and carer and patient reports. Voxel-based morphometry analyses determined atrophy patterns in patients experiencing psychosis-like experiences and other perceptual abnormalities. RESULTS The rates of psychotic experiences and abnormalities of perception in each sensory modality were high across the entire ALS-FTD continuum. The rate was highest in those with C9orf72 expansions. Rates were also high in patients with pure ALS including psychosis measured by carer-based reports (18%) and self-report measures of psychotic-like experiences (21%). In an ENTER regression model, social anxiety and ACE-III scores were the best predictors of psychosis proneness, accounting for 44% of the score variance. Psychosis-like experiences and perceptual abnormalities were associated with a predominantly frontal and temporal pattern of atrophy that extended to the cerebellum and centred on the anterior thalamus. INTERPRETATION The model for psychosis proneness in ALS-FTD likely includes complex interactions between cognitive, social and neurobiological factors that determine vulnerability to psychosis and that may have relevance for individualised patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Devenney
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Translational Research CollectiveUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Sicong Tu
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Translational Research CollectiveUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jashelle Caga
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Translational Research CollectiveUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Rebekah M. Ahmed
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Institute of Clinical NeurosciencesRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Eleanor Ramsey
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Margie Zoing
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - John Kwok
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Glenda M. Halliday
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Science, School of PsychologyThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its DisordersSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - John R. Hodges
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Matthew C. Kiernan
- Brain and Mind CentreUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Translational Research CollectiveUniversity of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Institute of Clinical NeurosciencesRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
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Gillen RW, Fusco-Gessick B, Harmon EY. How We Assess Spatial Neglect Matters: Prevalence of Spatial Neglect as Measured by the Catherine Bergego Scale and Impact on Rehabilitation Outcomes. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 100:443-449. [PMID: 33538488 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and functional impact of unilateral spatial neglect on right hemisphere stroke patients in an inpatient rehabilitation facility using a multidimensional, functionally based behavioral measure (Catherine Bergego Scale [CBS]). DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of 742 consecutive admissions of patients with right hemispheric stroke to an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Spatial neglect was assessed using the CBS. Functional impact of neglect was measured by hospital length of stay, Functional Independence Measure change per day, discharge destination, and number of falls. RESULTS As measured by the CBS, 86% of the right hemisphere stroke patients had symptoms of spatial neglect. Moderate and severe neglect was associated with less Functional Independence Measure change per day and lower rates of community discharge. The presence of neglect was not significantly associated with fall rate or length of hospital stay after controlling for admission Functional Independence Measure scores and age. The "difficulty looking left" CBS item had the strongest relationship with total CBS scores and effectively predicted Functional Independence Measure change per day and discharge destination. CONCLUSIONS Using a sensitive measure, the CBS, rates of spatial neglect are extremely high in right hemisphere stroke patients entering inpatient rehabilitation. Both identification and determination of neglect severity are extremely important given their significant relationship to rehabilitation outcomes and discharge destinations. TO CLAIM CME CREDITS Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME. CME OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to (1) describe why carefully assessing spatial neglect in right hemisphere stroke patients is important; (2) identify multiple dimensions of spatial neglect assessed by the Catherine Bergego Scale and how this approach differs from traditional paper and pencil assessment methods; and (3) describe the relationship between spatial neglect as measured by the Catherine Bergego Scale and functional outcomes of right hemisphere stroke patients in inpatient rehabilitation settings. LEVEL Advanced. ACCREDITATION The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Gillen
- From the Department of Neuropsychology, Sunnyview Rehabilitation Hospital, Schenectady, New York
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Carter OL, Campbell TG, Liu GB, Wallis G. Contradictory influence of context on predominance during binocular rivalry. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 87:153-62. [PMID: 15186206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2004.tb03168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2003] [Revised: 03/26/2004] [Accepted: 03/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binocular rivalry is a complex process characterised by alternations in perceptual suppression and dominance that result when two different images are presented simultaneously to the left and right eyes. It has been reported recently that the addition of contextual cues will promote the predominance of the context consistent rivalry target. In contrast to Levelt's second proposition (1965), this effect has been found to result exclusively from an increase in the dominance phase duration, while the suppression phase duration remains unaffected. METHODS Human subjects were simultaneously presented with a small (2 degrees ) disc consisting of gratings (four cycles per degree) of different orientations to the two eyes. Four experiments were conducted to ascertain the effects of background gratings and contextual colour information on target predominance and phase duration. For each of the four experimental conditions, the orientation and colour of the target gratings and surrounding contextual background were systematically manipulated. RESULTS In this study, we report an effect opposite to that of Levelt. Contradictory contextual information increases target predominance and phase duration during binocular rivalry. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to promote the dominance of the context contradictory percept with co-linearity, co-chromaticity and orientation cues. In line with previous studies involving context, we find that this effect on predominance is due to an increase in the duration of the dominance rather than the suppression phase. DISCUSSION We discuss our findings in respect to those from previous studies and consider high- and low-level processes that may be responsible for these apparently 'contradictory' roles of context on binocular rivalry. In addition, we discuss how the apparent 'anti-Levelt' effect of context can be reinterpreted in a manner that brings it back in line with Levelt's second proposition and raises the question of whether 'suppressability' plays a disproportionately large role in determining the duration of perceptual phases in binocular rivalry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L Carter
- Vision Touch and Hearing Research Centre, University of Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Under some conditions, the time required for a visual search increases with the number of elements to be searched. It has been suggested that the overall search time reflects the duration that attention is devoted to each element multiplied by the number of elements. On this basis, it has been proposed that visual search time can be used as a measure of attention capability in dyslexic readers. However, there is evidence to suggest that the search time reflects task difficulty rather than attentional factors. Many dyslexic readers suffer from various sensory deficits. These deficits would effectively increase task difficulty for these readers. Here we use computer simulations to investigate the potential effects of sensory deficits on visual search. METHOD Visual search was modelled on a computer within the framework of signal detection theory as a matter of detecting a noisy signal from a series of noisy distractors. Sensory deficits were modelled as decreased discriminability. RESULTS Consistent with previous observations, we find that discriminability, which decreases with the number of distractors, may have a substantial effect on the search time. With regard to the effects of sensory deficits, we find that under low discriminability conditions, small sensory deficits may cause pronounced increases in search time. CONCLUSION The finding that small sensory deficits may cause pronounced increases in search time makes it specifically problematic to use visual search to test attention in individuals who suffer from sensory deficits. This applies particularly to dyslexic individuals, many of whom have been shown to suffer from visual deficiencies.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensorimotor abnormalities precede and predict the onset of psychosis. Despite the practical utility of sensorimotor abnormalities for early identification, prediction, and individualized medicine applications, there is currently no dedicated self-report instrument designed to capture these important behaviors. The current study assessed and validated a questionnaire designed for use in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR). METHODS The current study included both exploratory (n = 3009) and validation (n = 439) analytic datasets-that included individuals identified as meeting criteria for a CHR syndrome (n = 84)-who completed the novel Sensorimotor Abnormalities and Psychosis-Risk (SMAP-R) Scale, clinical interviews and a finger-tapping task. The structure of the scale and reliability of items were consistent across 2 analytic datasets. The resulting scales were assessed for discriminant validity across CHR, community sample non-psychiatric volunteer, and clinical groups. RESULTS The scale showed a consistent structure across 2 analytic datasets subscale structure. The resultant subscale structure was consistent with conceptual models of sensorimotor pathology in psychosis (coordination and dyskinesia) in both the exploratory and the validation analytic dataset. Further, these subscales showed discriminant, predictive, and convergent validity. The sensorimotor abnormality scales discriminated CHR from community sample non-psychiatric controls and clinical samples. Finally, these subscales predicted to risk calculator scores and showed convergent validity with sensorimotor performance on a finger-tapping task. CONCLUSION The SMAP-R scale demonstrated good internal, discriminant, predictive, and convergent validity, and subscales mapped on to conceptually relevant sensorimotor circuits. Features of the scale may facilitate widespread incorporation of sensorimotor screening into psychosis-risk research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S F Damme
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL
| | | | - Lauren M Ellman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago, IL
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Policy Research (IPR), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Park JH. The effects of robot-assisted left-hand training on hemispatial neglect in older patients with chronic stroke: A pilot and randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24781. [PMID: 33655943 PMCID: PMC7939197 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though a variety of rehabilitative technique have been implemented to ameliorate neglect symptoms of patients with stoke, the effects of limb activation using a robotic device are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the robot-assisted hand training on hemispatial neglect of older patients with chronic stroke. METHODS The participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group (EG) receiving robot-assisted left-hand training (n = 12) or the control group (CG) receiving conventional treatments for neglect symptoms (n = 12). All participants received 20 sessions for 4-week. To examine the effects on hemispatial neglect, the line bisection test (LBT), the Albert test, and the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) were utilized. The outcome measures were analyzed before and after the 20 training sessions. RESULTS After the intervention, improvements in the LBT, the Albert test, and the CBS were found in the EG whereas there were significant improvements in the LBT and the CBS but not the Albert test in the CG. In addition, the EG showed a significantly greater gain in all outcome measures compared to the CG (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that robot-assisted hand training was beneficial to improving the hemispatial neglect of elderly person with chronic stroke compared to the conventional treatments. Robot-assisted limb activation might be useful to ameliorate hemispatial neglect of the elderly with chronic stroke.
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Bulgari V, Bava M, Gamba G, Bartoli F, Ornaghi A, Candini V, Ferla MT, Cricelli M, Bianconi G, Cavalera C, Conte G, Stefana A, Picchioni M, Iozzino L, Crocamo C, Carrà G. Facial emotion recognition in people with schizophrenia and a history of violence: a mediation analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:761-769. [PMID: 31106387 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for an association between impaired facial emotion recognition and violence in people with schizophrenia is inconclusive. In particular, the role of misidentification patterns involving specific emotions such as anger and the influence of clinical characteristics on this association remain unclear. In this study, we compared facial emotion recognition performance in age- and gender-matched schizophrenia spectrum disorders subjects with (N = 52) and without (N = 52) a history of violence. Data on current symptom severity, Cluster B personality status, past victimization, and alcohol and substance misuse were also collected. Compared to those without, subjects with a history of violence showed worse facial emotion recognition performances, involving anger, fear, disgust, sadness, and happiness. When formally testing the reporting of angry faces, evidence of enhanced sensitivity to anger was not supported. Finally, when the impact of current symptoms was assessed, higher severity of activation symptoms, including motor hyperactivity, elevated mood, excitement and distractibility, mediated the relationship between history of violence and poor facial emotion recognition performance. As a whole, our findings seem to support the role of perceptual deficits involving different emotions as well as of a mediation played by activation symptoms. Facial emotion recognition deficits associated with the propensity to violence, as well certain symptoms mediating their relationship, should be targeted by specific treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Bulgari
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Gamba
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ornaghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Candini
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ferla
- Department of Mental Health, ASST-Rhodense G.Salvini di Garbagnate, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Cricelli
- Department of Mental Health, ASST-Rhodense G.Salvini di Garbagnate, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Cavalera
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conte
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Stefana
- Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Picchioni
- St Magnus Hospital, Marley Lane, Haslemere, Surrey, UK
- GU and Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Iozzino
- Psychiatric and Evaluation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio, Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK.
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Ptak R, Bourgeois A, Cavelti S, Doganci N, Schnider A, Iannotti GR. Discrete Patterns of Cross-Hemispheric Functional Connectivity Underlie Impairments of Spatial Cognition after Stroke. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6638-6648. [PMID: 32709694 PMCID: PMC7486659 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0625-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense research, the neural correlates of stroke-induced deficits of spatial cognition remain controversial. For example, several cortical regions and white-matter tracts have been designated as possible anatomic predictors of spatial neglect. However, many studies focused on local anatomy, an approach that does not harmonize with the notion that brain-behavior relationships are flexible and may involve interactions among distant regions. We studied in humans of either sex resting-state fMRI connectivity associated with performance in line bisection, reading and visual search, tasks commonly used for he clinical diagnosis of neglect. We defined left and right frontal, parietal, and temporal areas as seeds (or regions of interest, ROIs), and measured whole-brain seed-based functional connectivity (FC) and ROI-to-ROI connectivity in subacute right-hemisphere stroke patients. Performance on the line bisection task was associated with decreased FC between the right fusiform gyrus and left superior occipital cortex. Complementary increases and decreases of connectivity between both temporal and occipital lobes predicted reading errors. In addition, visual search deficits were associated with modifications of FC between left and right inferior parietal lobes and right insular cortex. These distinct connectivity patterns were substantiated by analyses of FC between left- and right-hemispheric ROIs, which revealed that decreased interhemispheric and right intrahemispheric FC was associated with higher levels of impairment. Together, these findings indicate that intrahemispheric and interhemispheric cooperation between brain regions lying outside the damaged area contributes to spatial deficits in a way that depends on the different cognitive components recruited during reading, spatial judgments, and visual exploration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Focal damage to the right cerebral hemisphere may result in a variety of deficits, often affecting the domain of spatial cognition. The neural correlates of these disorders have traditionally been studied with lesion-symptom mapping, but this method fails to capture the network dynamics that underlie cognitive performance. We studied functional connectivity in patients with right-hemisphere stroke and found a pattern of correlations between the left and right temporo-occipital, inferior parietal, and right insular cortex that were distinctively predictive of deficits in reading, spatial judgment, and visual exploration. This finding reveals the importance of interhemispheric interactions and network adaptations for the manifestation of spatial deficits after damage to the right hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Ptak
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Alexia Bourgeois
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Cavelti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
| | - Naz Doganci
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
| | - Armin Schnider
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
| | - Giannina Rita Iannotti
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
- Swiss Foundation for Innovation and Training in Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, 1206, Switzerland
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12
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Abstract
Perceptual inference depends on an optimal integration of current sensory evidence with prior beliefs about the environment. Alterations of this process have been related to the emergence of positive symptoms in schizophrenia. However, it has remained unclear whether delusions and hallucinations arise from an increased or decreased weighting of prior beliefs relative to sensory evidence. To investigate the relation of this prior-to-likelihood ratio to positive symptoms in schizophrenia, we devised a novel experimental paradigm which gradually manipulates perceptually ambiguous visual stimuli by disambiguating stimulus information. As a proxy for likelihood precision, we assessed the sensitivity of individual participants to sensory evidence. As a surrogate for the precision of prior beliefs in perceptual stability, we measured phase duration in ambiguity. Relative to healthy controls, patients with schizophrenia showed a stronger increment in congruent perceptual states for increasing levels of disambiguating stimulus evidence. Sensitivity to sensory evidence correlated positively with the individual patients' severity of perceptual anomalies and hallucinations. Moreover, the severity of such experiences correlated negatively with phase duration. Our results indicate that perceptual anomalies and hallucinations are associated with a shift of perceptual inference toward sensory evidence and away from prior beliefs. This reduced prior-to-likelihood ratio in sensory processing may contribute to the phenomenon of aberrant salience, which has been suggested to give rise to the false inferences underlying psychotic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veith Weilnhammer
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Röd
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Eckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiner Stuke
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Sterzer
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Wajuihian SO. Correlations between clinical measures and symptoms: Report 1: Stereoacuity with accommodative, vergence measures, and symptoms. J Optom 2020; 13:171-184. [PMID: 32475793 PMCID: PMC7301208 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore associations between reduced stereoacuity and clinical measures of accommodation, vergences, and symptoms which could facilitate the development of quick and reliable screening tools. METHODS Using a multi-stage random cluster sampling, 1211 high school students (481 males and 730 females) between 13 and 18 years of age, were selected and examined. Visual acuity, stereoacuity and suppression, refractive errors, near point of convergence, heterophoria and fusional vergences, as well as, amplitude of accommodation, accommodative response, facility and relative accommodation were evaluated. Correlations among variables and the validity of Randot stereoacuity to distinguish between children with and without defective clinical measures as well as symptomatic versus asymptomatic children were characterized by the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. RESULTS The overall mean stereoacuity was 43.9 ± 25.23 s arc, and 18.9% [95% Confidence Interval, 16.6-21.4%)] of the participants had reduced stereoacuity (defined as ≥60). Stereoacuity values and symptoms scores were worse in children with defective clinical measures. The Receiver Operation Curve showed that maximum sensitivity and specificity was obtained with near point of convergence break (≥10 cm) of (0.70 95% confidence interval: 0.63-0.77) with Randot stereoacuity test (defined as ≥60 s arc). The correlations between reduced stereoacuity and symptoms scores was moderately strong and statistically significant (Pearson's, r = 0.507, p = 0.01). The Receiver Operation Curve showed that maximum sensitivity and specificity obtained with the Convergence Insufficiency Symptoms Survey was 0.57 (95% Confidence interval = 0.53-0.62, p = 0.001), sensitivity of 90.26%, and specificity 15.26% with the Randot stereoacuity test. CONCLUSION Reduced stereoacuity, defective clinical measures and symptoms of asthenopia were prevalent among sample of school children studied. Randot stereoacuity test could fairly distinguish between defective and normal clinical measures; though the accuracy to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic school children is poor. These findings highlight the need for validation of a simple and fast screening tool in school settings. Further studies to confirm above findings will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Otabor Wajuihian
- Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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14
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Gudmundsson L, Vohryzek J, Fornari E, Clarke S, Hagmann P, Crottaz-Herbette S. A brief exposure to rightward prismatic adaptation changes resting-state network characteristics of the ventral attentional system. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234382. [PMID: 32584824 PMCID: PMC7316264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A brief session of rightward prismatic adaptation (R-PA) has been shown to alleviate neglect symptoms in patients with right hemispheric damage, very likely by switching hemispheric dominance of the ventral attentional network (VAN) from the right to the left and by changing task-related activity within the dorsal attentional network (DAN). We have investigated this very rapid change in functional organisation with a network approach by comparing resting-state connectivity before and after a brief exposure i) to R-PA (14 normal subjects; experimental condition) or ii) to plain glasses (12 normal subjects; control condition). A whole brain analysis (comprising 129 regions of interest) highlighted R-PA-induced changes within a bilateral, fronto-temporal network, which consisted of 13 nodes and 11 edges; all edges involved one of 4 frontal nodes, which were part of VAN. The analysis of network characteristics within VAN and DAN revealed a R-PA-induced decrease in connectivity strength between nodes and a decrease in local efficiency within VAN but not within DAN. These results indicate that the resting-state connectivity configuration of VAN is modulated by R-PA, possibly by decreasing its modularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gudmundsson
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Vohryzek
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Hedonia Research Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleonora Fornari
- CIBM (Centre d'Imagerie Biomédicale), Dept. of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Clarke
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Signal Processing Lab 5 (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Crottaz-Herbette
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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15
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May-Benson TA, Lopes de Mello Gentil J, Teasdale A. Characteristics and Prevalence of Gravitational Insecurity in Children with Sensory Processing Dysfunction. Res Dev Disabil 2020; 101:103640. [PMID: 32247101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with sensory processing challenges often demonstrate a specific vestibular dysfunction characterized by an irrational fear of movement experiences referred to as gravitational insecurity. PROCEDURES/OUTCOMES This descriptive, exploratory study of existing de-identified data examined characteristics and prevalence of symptoms indicative of gravitational insecurity and the relationship among gravitational insecurity, gender, age, and other types of sensory-motor problems in 689 children, aged 4-12 years, with Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) and related parent-reported co-morbid diagnoses of Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Learning Disabilities and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Gravitational insecurity was identified by the sum of eight items on a parent-report clinical questionnaire of sensory processing and motor skills in children. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS The number and patterns of gravitational insecurity symptoms were not significantly different across age, gender or comorbid diagnoses. Prevalence of symptoms of gravitational insecurity in a clinical population of children with SPD was 15 - 21%. Cluster analysis found two groups with and without gravitational insecurity. In the gravitational insecurity group all eight items examined occurred "sometimes/often" and four or more symptoms were reported by individuals in this group. IMPLICATIONS Gravitational insecurity is an important vestibular-based dysfunction to identify and treat in children with SPD. Future studies should examine the relationship between these symptoms and objective measures of gravitational insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A May-Benson
- The Spiral Foundation at OTA the Koomar Center, 74 Bridge Street, Newton, MA, 02458, United States.
| | | | - Alison Teasdale
- The Spiral Foundation at OTA the Koomar Center, 74 Bridge Street, Newton, MA, 02458, United States.
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16
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Shepherd AJ, Patterson AJK. Exploration of anomalous perceptual experiences in migraine between attacks using the Cardiff Anomalous Perceptions Scale. Conscious Cogn 2020; 82:102945. [PMID: 32422548 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Distortions in sensory experiences that precede a migraine attack have been extensively documented, the most well-known being the visual aura. Distortions in the experience of other senses are also reported as part of an aura, albeit less frequently, together with changes in the perception or ownership of the body or body parts. There are many examples of differences in aspects of visual perception between migraine and control groups, between attacks, but not as much on unusual experiences involving other senses, the sense of the body or the experience of the environment. Seventy-seven migraine (33 with aura) and 74 control participants took part. Anomalous perceptions were experienced by both migraine and control groups, but more with migraine experienced them and rated them as more distressing, intrusive and frequent. Associations with reports of visual triggers of migraine and visual discomfort are presented. This study is the first to show relationships between these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Shepherd
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK.
| | - Adam J K Patterson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK
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17
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Ramasubramanian V, Meyer D, Kollbaum PS, Bradley A. Experimental Model of Far Temporal Field Negative Dysphotopsia Generated in Phakic Eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:24. [PMID: 32416605 PMCID: PMC7405810 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The axial separation between the iris and the intraocular lens (IOL) in pseudophakic eyes can cause rays originating from the far temporal field to miss the IOL, resulting in negative dysphotopsia (ND). We developed an experimental model to test the hypothesis that obstruction of rays from the far temporal field can generate ND and an accompanying loss of visual sensitivity in the far temporal field. Methods The right eyes of 10 phakic subjects were fitted with soft contact lenses containing a 5.50-mm central clear zone and a 12-mm outer diameter opaque annulus. In three of the subjects, eyes were dilated with 1% tropicamide solution, and effective aperture diameters were determined optically (pupil camera) and psychophysically (narrow beam detection). Visual field extent (Goldmann bowl) and temporal and inferotemporal meridian sensitivities (Octopus perimeter) were measured. A wide-angle model was constructed to quantify the impact of the annular opacity on retinal illuminance. Results All 10 subjects observed a dark crescent in the far temporal and inferotemporal fields. The opaque annulus reduced effective horizontal pupil diameters from 8 mm to 5.5 mm on-axis and from >2 mm to <1 mm at 90°. Perimetry revealed a 10° reduction in temporal and inferotemporal field extent and increasing loss of sensitivity beyond 70°. The wide-angle model confirmed significant vignetting (>50% beyond 70°), approaching zero retinal illuminance beyond 85°. Conclusions Vignetting of rays originating from the far temporal field by axially separated apertures can create symptoms mirroring perceptual reports of negative dysphotopsia in symptomatic pseudophakic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawn Meyer
- Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Pete S. Kollbaum
- Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
| | - Arthur Bradley
- Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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18
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Jirikowic TL, Thorne JC, McLaughlin SA, Waddington T, Lee AKC, Astley Hemingway SJ. Prevalence and patterns of sensory processing behaviors in a large clinical sample of children with prenatal alcohol exposure. Res Dev Disabil 2020; 100:103617. [PMID: 32203885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical behavioral responses to sensation are reported in a large proportion of children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Systematic examination of symptoms across the fetal alcohol spectrum in a large clinical sample is needed to inform diagnosis and intervention. AIMS To describe the prevalence and patterns of atypical sensory processing symptoms in a clinical sample of children with PAE. METHODS Retrospective analysis of diagnostic clinical data from the University of Washington Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Diagnostic and Prevention Network (FASDPN). Participants were ages 3 through 11 years, had a diagnosis on the fetal alcohol spectrum, and Short Sensory Profile (SSP) assessment. The proportions of children categorized with definite differences on the SSP across selected clinical and demographic features were examined with chi-square analyses. OUTCOMES The sample consisted of 325 children; 73.2 % had SSP total scores in the definite difference range. Atypical sensory processing symptoms were significantly more prevalent among children with higher reported levels of PAE. The prevalence of atypical symptoms was comparably high across age, levels of diagnostic severity, and other prenatal/postnatal risks. CONCLUSIONS Results lend support for altered sensory processing as another domain of brain function affected by the teratogenic impact of PAE, guiding clinical work and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Jirikowic
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Occupational Therapy, United States.
| | - John C Thorne
- Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Susan A McLaughlin
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Tiffany Waddington
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Adrian K C Lee
- Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences and Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, United States
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19
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Aykan S, Vatansever G, Doğanay-Erdoğan B, Kalaycıoğlu C. Development of Sensory Sensitivity Scales (SeSS): Reliability and validity analyses. Res Dev Disabil 2020; 100:103612. [PMID: 32092640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although adults are known to have sensory sensitivity differences, existing sensitivity scales have been mostly developed for children. The limited number of adult scales measure social/emotional features and modalities together. AIMS To develop scales for adults that evaluate visual, auditory and somatosensory sensitivities as separate domains and independent of social/emotional features. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Two consecutive studies (visual-auditory part and somatosensory part) were conducted using the same methods. Both studies included a pilot (n1 = 405 and n2 = 294) and a main group (n1 = 425 and n2 = 603). An exploratory factor analysis produced a single-factor solution for the visual and auditory domains and a three-factor solution for the somatosensory domain (touch, pain, and itch) of Sensory Sensitivity Scales. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis revealed good construct validity in the the visual (CFI = .973, TLI = .965, and RMSEA = .075) auditory (CFI = .943, TLI = .927, and RMSEA = .074) and somatosensory (CFI = .955, TLI = .946, and RMSEA = .048) scales. The categories were internally consistent (αv = .86, αa = .79, αs = .69). As an indicator of convergent validity, higher autistic traits were related to higher sensitivity (rs-v = .17, rs-a = .25, rs-s = .14). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Sensory Sensitivity Scales (SeSS) can be used to screen sensory sensitivity variability or identify and follow up the outcome of sensory interventions in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simge Aykan
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gözde Vatansever
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Beyza Doğanay-Erdoğan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Canan Kalaycıoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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20
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Delgado-Lobete L, Pértega-Díaz S, Santos-Del-Riego S, Montes-Montes R. Sensory processing patterns in developmental coordination disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and typical development. Res Dev Disabil 2020; 100:103608. [PMID: 32087509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensory processing difficulties (SPD) are present in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, little is known about sensory processing variability in these disorders. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore SPD among children with DCD, ADHD and co-occurring symptoms in comparison to children with typical development (TD) and to determine how potential social confounders may influence these associations. METHODS The study involved 452 children aged 6-12 years. The Short Sensory Profile-2 was used to assess sensory processing patterns. Multiple linear regressions were utilized to investigate the relationship between DCD, ADHD and co-occurring symptoms and sensory processing patterns, adjusting for social covariates. RESULTS Children with DCD and ADHD symptoms showed greater variability of atypical sensory processing patterns compared with TD children. Low registration and sensory sensibility issues were more prevalent in the DCD group. ADHD children showed higher rates of low registration, sensory sensibility and sensory seeking, and all children in the co-occurring symptoms group presented sensory sensibility. CONCLUSION This study reports significant variability in sensory processing among children with DCD, ADHD and co-occurring symptoms using a population-based sample. These differences can contribute to understand how neurological and social factors correlates across diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Delgado-Lobete
- University of A Coruña, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza S/N, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Sonia Pértega-Díaz
- University of A Coruña, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza S/N, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sergio Santos-Del-Riego
- University of A Coruña, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza S/N, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rebeca Montes-Montes
- University of A Coruña, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña, Campus de Oza S/N, A Coruña, Spain
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Pirondini E, Goldshuv-Ezra N, Zinger N, Britz J, Soroker N, Deouell LY, Ville DVD. Resting-state EEG topographies: Reliable and sensitive signatures of unilateral spatial neglect. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 26:102237. [PMID: 32199285 PMCID: PMC7083886 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical advances in the neurosciences are leading to the development of an increasing number of proposed interventions for the enhancement of functional recovery after brain damage. Integration of these novel approaches in clinical practice depends on the availability of reliable, simple, and sensitive biomarkers of impairment level and extent of recovery, to enable an informed clinical-decision process. However, the neuropsychological tests currently in use do not tap into the complex neural re-organization process that occurs after brain insult and its modulation by treatment. Here we show that topographical analysis of resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) patterns using singular value decomposition (SVD) could be used to capture these processes. In two groups of subacute stroke patients, we show reliable detection of deviant neurophysiological patterns over repeated measurement sessions on separate days. These patterns generalized across patients groups. Additionally, they maintained a significant association with ipsilesional attention bias, discriminating patients with spatial neglect of different severity levels. The sensitivity and reliability of these rsEEG topographical analyses support their use as a tool for monitoring natural and treatment-induced recovery in the rehabilitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Pirondini
- Institute of Bioengineering/Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Nurit Goldshuv-Ezra
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel; Evoked Potentials Laboratory, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nofya Zinger
- Department of Psychology and Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Juliane Britz
- Department of Psychology and Neurology Unit, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Nachum Soroker
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Hospital, Raanana, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leon Y Deouell
- Department of Psychology and Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Institute of Bioengineering/Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Pastor-Cerezuela G, Fernández-Andrés MI, Sanz-Cervera P, Marín-Suelves D. The impact of sensory processing on executive and cognitive functions in children with autism spectrum disorder in the school context. Res Dev Disabil 2020; 96:103540. [PMID: 31862533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretical approaches propose a hierarchical organization of sensory and higher-order cognitive processes, in which sensory processing influence some cognitive and executive functions. AIMS The main objective of this study was to analyze whether sensory processing dysfunctions can predict the cognitive and executive dysfunctions evaluated in a group of children with level 2 autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the school context. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Two groups of children participated: an ASD group (n = 40) and a group of children with typical development (the comparison group, n = 40). The children's sensory processing was evaluated based on their teachers' perceptions, and the children's executive and cognitive functions were evaluated using direct performance measures. RESULTS In the ASD group, the sensory processing difficulties predicted executive and cognitive dysfunctions in the specific domains of inhibitory control, auditory sustained attention, and short-term verbal memory, after controlling the possible effect of ASD severity. Moreover, the ASD group showed higher levels of sensory, executive, and cognitive dysfunction than the comparison group. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Future research should investigate whether adequate sensory interventions in children with ASD in the school context can improve these specific executive and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pilar Sanz-Cervera
- Department of Teaching and Scholastic Organization, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 30, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Diana Marín-Suelves
- Department of Teaching and Scholastic Organization, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 30, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Saj A, Heiz J, Van Calster L, Barisnikov K. Visuospatial bias in line bisection in Williams syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2020; 64:57-61. [PMID: 31512805 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a study using the subjective straight-ahead task showed that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) present a bias in the representation of body perception. The aim of the present study is to examine the horizontal midline body representation in WS participants using the bisection line task, which is an important benchmark for an egocentric frame of reference. METHOD Fifteen WS participants (mean age = 21.7 ± 9.5 years) were compared with two typical development control groups: one composed of 15 participants matched on chronological age and one composed of 15 children matched on mental age. The task consisted of dividing each line in a series of 18 lines into two equal halves by drawing a vertical mark with a pencil in the centre of the line. RESULTS Individuals with WS presented a significant leftward bias in comparison to mental age and chronological age groups. CONCLUSIONS The leftward deviation in WS could be linked to the body representation bias and difficulties in the development of the egocentric reference system. An early detection of such deviation should help in the development of targeted interventions for WS individuals to improve visual-spatial skills and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saj
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Montréal, Laval, QC, Canada
- CRIR/Institut Nazareth et Louis-Braille du CISSS de la Montérégie-Centre, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - J Heiz
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Van Calster
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Barisnikov
- Department of Psychology, Child Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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McCabe KL, Popa AM, Durdle C, Amato M, Cabaral MH, Cruz J, Wong LM, Harvey D, Tartaglia N, Simon TJ. Quantifying the resolution of spatial and temporal representation in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:40. [PMID: 31861974 PMCID: PMC6925465 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our ability to generate mental representation of magnitude from sensory information affects how we perceive and experience the world. Reduced resolution of the mental representations formed from sensory inputs may generate impairment in the proximal and distal information processes that utilize these representations. Impairment of spatial and temporal information processing likely underpins the non-verbal cognitive impairments observed in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). The present study builds on prior research by seeking to quantify the resolution of spatial and temporal representation in children with 22q11DS, sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA), and a typically developing (TD) control group. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Children (22q11DS = 70, SCA = 49, TD = 46) responded to visual or auditory stimuli with varying difference ratios. The participant's task was to identify which of two sequentially presented stimuli was of larger magnitude in terms of, size, duration, or auditory frequency. Detection threshold was calculated as the minimum difference ratio between the "standard" and the "target" stimuli required to achieve 75% accuracy in detecting that the two stimuli were different. RESULTS Children with 22q11DS required larger magnitude difference between spatial stimuli for accurate identification compared with both the SCA and TD groups (% difference from standard: 22q11DS = 14; SCA = 8; TD: 7; F = 8.42, p < 0.001). Temporal detection threshold was also higher for the 22q11DS group to both visual (% difference from standard: 22q11DS = 14; SCA = 8; TD = 7; F = 8.33, p < 0.001) and auditory (% difference from standard: 22q11DS = 23; SCA = 12; TD: 8; F = 8.99, p < 0.001) stimuli compared with both the SCA and TD groups, while the SCA and TD groups displayed equivalent performance on these measures (p's > 0.05). Pitch detection threshold did not differ among the groups (p's > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The observation of higher detection thresholds to spatial and temporal stimuli indicates further evidence for reduced resolution in both spatial and temporal magnitude representation in 22q11DS, that does not extend to frequency magnitude representation (pitch detection), and which is not explained by generalized cognitive impairment alone. These findings generate further support for the hypothesis that spatiotemporal hypergranularity of mental representations contributes to the non-verbal cognitive impairment seen in 22q11DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Abbie M Popa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Courtney Durdle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michele Amato
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Margarita H Cabaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ling M Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Tartaglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tony J Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Prasad S, Dinkin M. Higher Cortical Visual Disorders. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2019; 25:1329-1361. [PMID: 31584540 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000000774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the disorders that result from disruption of extrastriate regions of the cerebral cortex responsible for higher visual processing. For each disorder, a historical perspective is offered and relevant neuroscientific studies are reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS Careful analysis of the consequences of lesions that disrupt visual functions such as facial recognition and written language processing has improved understanding of the role of key regions in these networks. In addition, modern imaging techniques have built upon prior lesion studies to further elucidate the functions of these cortical areas. For example, functional MRI (fMRI) has identified and characterized the response properties of ventral regions that contribute to object recognition and dorsal regions that subserve motion perception and visuospatial attention. Newer network-based functional imaging studies have shed light on the mechanisms behind various causes of spontaneous visual hallucinations. SUMMARY Understanding the regions and neural networks responsible for higher-order visual function helps the practicing neurologist to diagnose and manage associated disorders of visual processing and to identify and treat responsible underlying disease.
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Zahr NM, Pohl KM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV. Dissociable Contributions of Precuneus and Cerebellum to Subjective and Objective Neuropathy in HIV. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:436-447. [PMID: 30741374 PMCID: PMC6689464 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathy, typically diagnosed by the presence of either symptoms or signs of peripheral nerve dysfunction, remains a frequently reported complication in the antiretroviral (ART)-treated HIV population. This study was conducted in 109 healthy controls and 57 HIV-infected individuals to investigate CNS regions associated with neuropathy. An index of objective neuropathy was computed based on 4 measures: deep tendon ankle reflex, vibration sense (great toes), position sense (great toes), and 2-point discrimination (feet). Subjective neuropathy (self-report of pain, aching, or burning; pins and needles; or numbness in legs or feet) was also evaluated. Structural MRI data were available for 126/166 cases. The HIV relative to the healthy control group was impaired on all 4 signs of neuropathy. Within the HIV group, an objective neuropathy index of 1 (bilateral impairment on 1 measure) or 2 (bilateral impairment on at least 2/4 measures) was associated with older age and a smaller volume of the cerebellar vermis. Moderate to severe symptoms of neuropathy were associated with more depressive symptoms, reduced quality of life, and a smaller volume of the parietal precuneus. This study is consistent with the recent contention that ART-treated HIV-related neuropathy has a CNS component. Distinguishing subjective symptoms from objective signs of neuropathy allowed for a dissociation between the precuneus, a brain region involved in conscious information processing and the vermis, involved in fine tuning of limb movements. Graphical Abstract In HIV patients, objective signs of neuropathy correlated with smaller cerebellar vermis (red) volumes whereas subjective symptoms of neuropathy were associated with smaller precuneus (blue) volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Zahr
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Neuroscience Program, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Türközer HB, Hasoğlu T, Chen Y, Norris LA, Brown M, Delaney-Busch N, Kale EH, Pamir Z, Boyacı H, Kuperberg G, Lewandowski KE, Topçuoğlu V, Öngür D. Integrated assessment of visual perception abnormalities in psychotic disorders and relationship with clinical characteristics. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1740-1748. [PMID: 30178729 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The visual system is recognized as an important site of pathology and dysfunction in schizophrenia. In this study, we evaluated different visual perceptual functions in patients with psychotic disorders using a potentially clinically applicable task battery and assessed their relationship with symptom severity in patients, and with schizotypal features in healthy participants. METHODS Five different areas of visual functioning were evaluated in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (n = 28) and healthy control subjects (n = 31) using a battery that included visuospatial working memory (VSWM), velocity discrimination (VD), contour integration, visual context processing, and backward masking tasks. RESULTS The patient group demonstrated significantly lower performance in VD, contour integration, and VSWM tasks. Performance did not differ between the two groups on the visual context processing task and did not differ across levels of interstimulus intervals in the backward masking task. Performances on VSWM, VD, and contour integration tasks were correlated with negative symptom severity but not with other symptom dimensions in the patient group. VSWM and VD performances were also correlated with negative sychizotypal features in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrate significant abnormalities in multiple visual processing tasks in patients with psychotic disorders, adding to the literature implicating visual abnormalities in these conditions. Furthermore, our results show that visual processing impairments are associated with the negative symptom dimension in patients as well as healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuna Hasoğlu
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA,USA
| | - Yue Chen
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA,USA
| | | | - Meredith Brown
- Department of Psychology,Tufts University,Medford, MA,USA
| | | | - Emre H Kale
- Brain Research Center, Ankara University,Ankara,Turkey
| | - Zahide Pamir
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University,Ankara,Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Boyacı
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Bilkent University,Ankara,Turkey
| | - Gina Kuperberg
- Department of Psychology,Tufts University,Medford, MA,USA
| | | | - Volkan Topçuoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry,Marmara University School of Medicine,Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, and Harvard Medical School,Boston, MA,USA
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Abstract
Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the visual system, as a result of discordant visual experience during infancy or early childhood. Because amblyopia is typically defined as monocularly reduced visual acuity accompanied by one or more known amblyogenic factors, it is often assumed that the fellow eye is normal and sufficient for tasks like reading and eye-hand coordination. Recent scientific evidence of ocular motor, visual, and visuomotor deficits that are present with fellow eye monocular viewing and with binocular viewing calls this assumption into question. This clinical update reviews the research that has revealed fellow ocular motor and visual deficits and the effect that these deficits have on an amblyopic child's visuomotor and visuocognitive skills. We need to understand how to prevent and rehabilitate the effects of amblyopia not only on the nonpreferred eye but also on the fellow eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen E Birch
- Crystal Charity Ball Pediatric Vision Laboratory, Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 11 USA
| | - Krista R Kelly
- Crystal Charity Ball Pediatric Vision Laboratory, Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deborah E Giaschi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Morita K, Miura K, Fujimoto M, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Kudo N, Azechi H, Okada N, Koshiyama D, Ikeda M, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Eye movement abnormalities and their association with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 209:255-262. [PMID: 30661730 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eye movement abnormalities have been identified in schizophrenia; however, their relevance to cognition is still unknown. In this study, we explored the general relationship between eye movements and cognitive function. METHODS The three eye movement measures (scanpath length, horizontal position gain, and duration of fixations) that were previously reported to be useful in distinguishing subjects with schizophrenia from healthy subjects, as well as Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) scores, were collected and tested for association in 113 subjects with schizophrenia and 404 healthy subjects. RESULTS Scanpath length was positively correlated with matrix reasoning and digit symbol coding in subjects with schizophrenia and correlated with vocabulary and symbol search in healthy subjects. Upon testing for interaction effects of diagnosis and scanpath length on correlated WAIS-III scores, a significant interaction effect was only observed for matrix reasoning. The positive correlation between scanpath length and matrix reasoning, which was specific to subjects with schizophrenia, remained significant after controlling for demographic confounders such as medication and negative symptoms. No correlation was observed between the two other eye movement measures and any of the WAIS-III scores. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we reveal novel findings on the association between eye-movement-based measures of visual exploration and cognitive scores requiring visual search in subjects with schizophrenia and in healthy subjects. The association between scanpath length and matrix reasoning, a measure of perceptual organization in subjects with schizophrenia, implies the existence of common cognitive processes, and subjects with longer scanpath length may be advantageous in performance of perceptual organization tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan; Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan; Japan Community Health care Organization Osaka Hospital, 4-2-78, Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 5530033, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan; Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Takahashi Bldg. 7F, 2-1-21, Shibata, Kita-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 5300012, Japan
| | - Noriko Kudo
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Azechi
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan; The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan; The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan; Osaka University, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
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Mazor-Karsenty T, Parush S, Shalev L. Sustained attention in sensory modulation disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Res Dev Disabil 2019; 88:22-29. [PMID: 30851480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are high comorbidity rates between sensory modulation disorder (SMD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Knowledge regarding the objective neuropsychological differentiation between them is scarce. AIM This study examines the effects of SMD and ADHD on a sustained attention task with and without aversive auditory conditions. METHOD Sixty six young adult females were tested on the Conjunctive - Continuous Performance Task-Visual (CCPT-V) measuring sustained attention, under two conditions: 1) aversive condition (with the three most aversive sounds chosen by the participant), and 2) non-aversive condition (without sounds). RESULTS Both the SMD and ADHD factors exhibited performance deficits in the sustained attention task. All study participants performed worse on both sustained attention and speed of processing when aversive sounds were present. CONCLUSION We conclude that impaired sustained attention cannot differentiate between SMD and ADHD. Hence, these results should be taken under consideration in the assessment process of ADHD vs. SMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Mazor-Karsenty
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Shula Parush
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Lilach Shalev
- School of Education and School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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Prikken M, van der Weiden A, Baalbergen H, Hillegers MH, Kahn RS, Aarts H, van Haren NE. Multisensory integration underlying body-ownership experiences in schizophrenia and offspring of patients: a study using the rubber hand illusion paradigm. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019; 44:177-184. [PMID: 30525317 PMCID: PMC6488483 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a disorder of basic self-disturbance. Evidence suggests that people with schizophrenia may have aberrant experiences of body ownership: they may feel that they are not the subject of their own body experiences. However, little is known about the development of such disturbances. METHODS Using a rubber hand illusion paradigm, we assessed body ownership in patients with schizophrenia (n = 54), healthy controls (n = 56), children/adolescents at increased familial risk of developing schizophrenia (n = 24) or mood disorders (n = 33), and children/adolescents without this risk (n = 18). In this paradigm, a rubber hand (visible) and a participant’s real hand (invisible) were stroked synchronously and asynchronously; we then measured subjective illusory experiences and proprioceptive drift. RESULTS All groups showed the expected effect of the rubber hand illusion: stronger proprioceptive drift and increased subjective illusory experiences after synchronous versus asynchronous stroking. The effect of synchronicity on subjective experiences was significantly weaker in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls, and subjective ratings were positively correlated with delusions in patients. We found no significant differences between children/adolescents with and without increased familial risk. LIMITATIONS Large individual differences raised questions for future research. CONCLUSION We found subtle disturbances in body-ownership experiences in patients with schizophrenia, which were associated with delusions. We found no evidence for impairments in children/adolescents at increased familial risk of developing schizophrenia or a mood disorder. Longitudinal data might reveal whether impairments in body ownership are predictive of psychosis onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Prikken
- From the Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Prikken, Baalbergen, Hillegers, Kahn, Van Haren); the Utrecht University, Department of Psychology, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Van der Weiden, Aarts); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Hillegers); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY (Kahn)
| | - Anouk van der Weiden
- From the Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Prikken, Baalbergen, Hillegers, Kahn, Van Haren); the Utrecht University, Department of Psychology, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Van der Weiden, Aarts); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Hillegers); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY (Kahn)
| | - Heleen Baalbergen
- From the Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Prikken, Baalbergen, Hillegers, Kahn, Van Haren); the Utrecht University, Department of Psychology, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Van der Weiden, Aarts); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Hillegers); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY (Kahn)
| | - Manon H.J. Hillegers
- From the Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Prikken, Baalbergen, Hillegers, Kahn, Van Haren); the Utrecht University, Department of Psychology, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Van der Weiden, Aarts); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Hillegers); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY (Kahn)
| | - René S. Kahn
- From the Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Prikken, Baalbergen, Hillegers, Kahn, Van Haren); the Utrecht University, Department of Psychology, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Van der Weiden, Aarts); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Hillegers); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY (Kahn)
| | - Henk Aarts
- From the Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Prikken, Baalbergen, Hillegers, Kahn, Van Haren); the Utrecht University, Department of Psychology, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Van der Weiden, Aarts); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Hillegers); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY (Kahn)
| | - Neeltje E.M. van Haren
- From the Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Prikken, Baalbergen, Hillegers, Kahn, Van Haren); the Utrecht University, Department of Psychology, Utrecht, the Netherlands (Van der Weiden, Aarts); the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Hillegers); and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY (Kahn)
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Lehnen N, Schröder L, Henningsen P, Glasauer S, Ramaioli C. Deficient head motor control in functional dizziness: Experimental evidence of central sensory-motor dysfunction in persistent physical symptoms. Prog Brain Res 2019; 249:385-400. [PMID: 31325997 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of symptoms that are insufficiently explained by organic dysfunction remains challenging. Recently, it has been proposed that such "functional symptoms" are based on erroneous sensory processing in the central nervous system (CNS), with internal expectations dominating sensory inputs. In a pilot study, we used a head motor control set-up to assess the interplay between sensory input and expectation on the example of patients with functional dizziness. Eight patients and 11 age-matched healthy controls performed large active eye-head gaze shifts towards visual targets in the natural situation and with the head moment of inertia 3.3-fold increased. The latter induces head oscillations and the expected sensory outcome of the movement, estimated in the CNS, does not match the actual sensory input. Head oscillations were assessed in patients and in healthy subjects and compared to prior results from patients with organic disease (vestibular loss and cerebellar ataxia). Head oscillations in patients with functional dizziness were different from those of healthy subjects (F(1,17)=27.26, P<0.001, partial η2=0.62), and similar to those of patients with cerebellar ataxia, and with vestibular loss (F(2,19)=0.56, P=0.58). Even in the natural, unweighted, condition, head oscillations were higher in functional dizziness patients than in healthy subjects (P=0.001). Since an extensive work-up failed to demonstrate any explanatory peripheral vestibular, motor, or cerebellar organic dysfunction, these motor control deficits are a first indication of erroneous interplay between expectations and sensory input in the CNS that could account for persistent physical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Lehnen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Medical Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg, Germany.
| | - Lena Schröder
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg, Germany
| | - Peter Henningsen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Glasauer
- German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Medical Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg, Germany
| | - Cecilia Ramaioli
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Medical Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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Chen J, Kaur J, Abbas H, Wu M, Luo W, Osman S, Niemeier M. Evidence for a common mechanism of spatial attention and visual awareness: Towards construct validity of pseudoneglect. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212998. [PMID: 30845258 PMCID: PMC6405131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Present knowledge of attention and awareness centres on deficits in patients with right brain damage who show severe forms of inattention to the left, called spatial neglect. Yet the functions that are lost in neglect are poorly understood. In healthy people, they might produce “pseudoneglect”—subtle biases to the left found in various tests that could complement the leftward deficits in neglect. But pseudoneglect measures are poorly correlated. Thus, it is unclear whether they reflect anything but distinct surface features of the tests. To probe for a common mechanism, here we asked whether visual noise, known to increase leftward biases in the grating-scales task, has comparable effects on other measures of pseudoneglect. We measured biases using three perceptual tasks that require judgments about size (landmark task), luminance (greyscales task) and spatial frequency (grating-scales task), as well as two visual search tasks that permitted serial and parallel search or parallel search alone. In each task, we randomly selected pixels of the stimuli and set them to random luminance values, much like a poor TV signal. We found that participants biased their perceptual judgments more to the left with increasing levels of noise, regardless of task. Also, noise amplified the difference between long and short lines in the landmark task. In contrast, biases during visual searches were not influenced by noise. Our data provide crucial evidence that different measures of perceptual pseudoneglect, but not exploratory pseudoneglect, share a common mechanism. It can be speculated that this common mechanism feeds into specific, right-dominant processes of global awareness involved in the integration of visual information across the two hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jagjot Kaur
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hana Abbas
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sinan Osman
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthias Niemeier
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Facchin A, Sartori E, Luisetti C, De Galeazzi A, Beschin N. Effect of prism adaptation on neglect hemianesthesia. Cortex 2019; 113:298-311. [PMID: 30716611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prism adaptation (PA) has proven to be effective in alleviating many signs of unilateral spatial neglect (USN). Generally, the principal improvement after PA treatment was found to be in the high-level cognitive function. Nevertheless, some evidence has also been found for it in somatosensory function. We have aimed to test the influence of PA on neglect hemianesthesia, a condition in which the high-level neglect-related deficit mimics hemianesthesia. Twenty-one USN patients were enrolled in the study. Each patient performed two sessions of PA, one with neutral glasses and one with prism glasses using a cross-over design. Sensitivity on the upper limb was tested using two methods. The first task was the sensibility subtest which was derived from the standard clinical examination. The second was the perceptual and motor electro-cutaneous threshold on the forearms using an electro-cutaneous stimulator. Four neuropsychological tests were used to diagnose USN and to check improvement: Star cancellation, Line bisection, Sentence reading and the Comb & Razor test. Comparing prism with sham conditions, our results show significant improvements in double extinction and in the electro-cutaneous perceptual threshold only for the contralesional hand. No improvement was found for the ipsilesional hand, for the motor threshold, and for neutral glasses. Significant improvement was found in personal neglect. Replication of the task in a subgroup of patients confirmed the primary results. The improvements in somatosensory perception together with the amelioration of personal neglect suggest that PA also has a specific effect on the neglect hemianesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Facchin
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy; Milan Centre for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy; Centre for Research in Optics and Optometry, University of Milano-Bicocca (COMIB), Milano, Italy; Institute of Research and Studies in Optics and Optometry, Vinci, Italy.
| | - Elena Sartori
- Rehabilitation Department, A.S.S.T. Valle Olona, Varese, Italy
| | - Chiara Luisetti
- Rehabilitation Department, A.S.S.T. Valle Olona, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Beschin
- Neuropsychological Service, Rehabilitation Department, A.S.S.T. Valle Olona, Varese, Italy
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Quaia C, FitzGibbon EJ, Optican LM, Cumming BG. Binocular Summation for Reflexive Eye Movements: A Potential Diagnostic Tool for Stereodeficiencies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:5816-5822. [PMID: 30521669 PMCID: PMC6284466 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Stereoscopic vision, by detecting interocular correlations, enhances depth perception. Stereodeficiencies often emerge during the first months of life, and left untreated can lead to severe loss of visual acuity in one eye and/or strabismus. Early treatment results in much better outcomes, yet diagnostic tests for infants are cumbersome and not widely available. We asked whether reflexive eye movements, which in principle can be recorded even in infants, can be used to identify stereodeficiencies. Methods Reflexive ocular following eye movements induced by fast drifting noise stimuli were recorded in 10 adult human participants (5 with normal stereoacuity, 5 stereodeficient). To manipulate interocular correlation, the stimuli shown to the two eyes were either identical, different, or had opposite contrast. Monocular presentations were also interleaved. The participants were asked to passively fixate the screen. Results In the participants with normal stereoacuity, the responses to binocular identical stimuli were significantly larger than those induced by binocular opposite stimuli. In the stereodeficient participants the responses were indistinguishable. Despite the small size of ocular following responses, 40 trials, corresponding to less than 2 minutes of testing, were sufficient to reliably differentiate normal from stereodeficient participants. Conclusions Ocular-following eye movements, because of their reliance on cortical neurons sensitive to interocular correlations, are affected by stereodeficiencies. Because these eye movements can be recorded noninvasively and with minimal participant cooperation, they can potentially be measured even in infants and might thus provide an useful screening tool for this currently underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Quaia
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Edmond J FitzGibbon
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Lance M Optican
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Bruce G Cumming
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Dellapiazza F, Vernhet C, Blanc N, Miot S, Schmidt R, Baghdadli A. Links between sensory processing, adaptive behaviours, and attention in children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:78-88. [PMID: 30245380 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atypical sensory processing has been described in autism spectrum disorder. The goal of this systematic review is to investigate the links between sensory processing, adaptive behaviours, and attention skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. The PRISMA guidelines were followed and a search was conducted using electronic databases: Medline, PsychInfo and Eric. Among the 11 studies about sensory processing that were selected, 7 investigated the association with adaptive behaviours and 5 with attention. Atypical sensory processing was reported in 82% to 97% of the participants with ASD, depending on the study. This review found a significant impact of sensory abnormalities on adaptive behaviour. In addition, we found interrelations between sensory processing and attention skills. However, the current literature is too limited to definitively conclude the direction of these interactions and the theories concerning perceptive functioning are conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine Dellapiazza
- Centre Ressources Autisme, CHU, F-34000 Montpellier, France; Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ. Montpellier, EPSYLON EA 4556, 34000, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, UMR1178, INSERM, Paris, France.
| | - Christelle Vernhet
- Centre Ressources Autisme, CHU, F-34000 Montpellier, France; Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ. Montpellier, EPSYLON EA 4556, 34000, Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, UMR1178, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Blanc
- Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Univ. Montpellier, EPSYLON EA 4556, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Miot
- Centre Ressources Autisme, CHU, F-34000 Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, UMR1178, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Richard Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross,Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Amaria Baghdadli
- Centre Ressources Autisme, CHU, F-34000 Montpellier, France; Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, UMR1178, INSERM, Paris, France; Université de Médecine Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Neurologically healthy adults tend to display a reliable leftward perceptual bias during visuospatial tasks, a phenomenon known as pseudoneglect. However, the phenomenon in older adults is not well understood, and a synthesis of research that examines pseudoneglect using the line bisection task, as well as other tasks, in the context of aging is lacking. The aim of the current systematic review is to integrate the available research on pseudoneglect in late adulthood, and to discuss the association between age and a bias to the left hemispace. The systematic search revealed that five different tasks have been used to examine pseudoneglect in younger and older adults, and that participants over 60 years of age have demonstrated inconsistent perceptual biases (e.g., enhanced leftward bias, suppressed leftward bias, and rightward bias). Based on current evidence, although some age-related trends in the perceptual bias can be identified within each task, no firm conclusions about the effects of age on pseudoneglect can be drawn. A number of recommendations for future research are outlined throughout the review, including use of smaller age ranges within age groups, differentiating between neurologically healthy participants and those with clinical diagnoses, continued examination of gender, and consistent use of stimuli and methods of analyses within each task to improve internal comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trista E. Friedrich
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5 Canada
| | - Paulette V. Hunter
- St. Thomas More College, University of Saskatchewan, 1437 College Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5 Canada
| | - Lorin J. Elias
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5 Canada
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Wright AC, Fowler D, Greenwood KE. Developing a dynamic model of anomalous experiences and function in young people with or without psychosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study protocol. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e022546. [PMID: 30391913 PMCID: PMC6231554 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anomalous experiences are common within the general population, but the frequency and intensity is increased in young people with psychosis. Studies have demonstrated that perceptual biases towards noticing these phenomena plays a role, but the way one thinks about one's experience (metacognition) may also be relevant. While poor metacognitive function has been theoretically associated with anomalous experiences, this relationship is currently unclear. However, metacognition may work along a continuum with various metacognitive levels, many of which have been demonstrated as impaired in psychosis. These metacognitive components may interact via processes that maintain poor metacognition across levels, and that potentially impact both what people do in their everyday lives (functional outcome) and how people feel about their everyday lives (subjective recovery outcome) in young people with psychosis compared with healthy control participants. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study will investigate the association and contribution of metacognition to anomalous experiences and outcome measures cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a 36-month follow-up. First, young people with psychosis will be compared with healthy control participants on selected measures of anomalous experience, metacognition, and function, using analysis of covariance to identify group differences. Next, the relationship between metacognitive components and processes will be explored, including processes connecting the different components, using regression analyses. Finally, mediation analyses will be used to assess the predictive value of metacognitive measures on outcome measures, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally at 36 months, while controlling for symptoms and cognition. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical and Health Research Authority approval has been obtained through Camberwell St. Giles Research Ethics Committee (reference number: 17/LO/0055). This research project will be reported within a PhD thesis and submitted for journal publication. Once key predictive components of poor outcome in psychosis are identified, this study will develop a series of dynamic models to understand influences on outcome for young people with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Wright
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Research & Development, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| | - David Fowler
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Research & Development, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| | - Kathryn E Greenwood
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Research & Development, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
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Tanabe M, Funayama M, Narizuka Y, Nakajima A, Matsukawa I, Nakamura T. Delusional misidentification of inanimate objects, persons, and places after a left orbitofrontal cortex injury. Cortex 2018; 109:352-354. [PMID: 30297316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tanabe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Michitaka Funayama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Yota Narizuka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Asuka Nakajima
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Isamu Matsukawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Ashikaga Red Cross Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
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Kondo M. [The Laterality of Parietal Association Areas: Hemispatial Neglect, Body Images and Body Schema]. Brain Nerve 2018; 70:1059-1066. [PMID: 30287691 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416201137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the laterality of parietal association areas, focusing on hemispatial neglect and body representation. Extra-personal spatial neglect can be severe and is frequently observed following right parietal lesions; personal neglect is also common with right parietal lesions. According to the frame of awareness and perception, I speculate that the awareness of space is related to hemispatial neglect of extra-personal space, and awareness of body is related to personal neglect. Both clinical symptoms are common with right parietal lesions. On the other hand, I speculate that the perception of body is related to autotopagnosia, which could be associated with left parietal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kondo
- Department of neurology, Kyoto prefectural university of medicine
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Jones N, Riby LM, Smith MA. Glucose regulation and face recognition deficits in older adults: the role of attention. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2018; 25:673-694. [PMID: 28805109 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1365813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the perceptual, attentional, and memory processes underlying face recognition deficits observed in older adults with impaired glucoregulation. Participants were categorized as good glucoregulators or poor glucoregulators on the basis of an oral glucose tolerance test. Using event-related potential (ERP) methodology, 23 participants (62-88 years) performed a 2-stimulus oddball task. Participants were asked to rate and memorize 10 "target" faces, which were then presented amongst 120 unfamiliar foils. Behavioral results indicated that good glucoregulators were significantly more accurate at recognizing target faces. ERP markers of early visual perception (P1 and N170 components) and memory formation (P3 component) were unaffected by glucoregulatory efficiency. The P2 component, an index of attentional processing, was larger and delayed in the poor glucoregulators. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to suggest that face recognition deficits in poor glucoregulators may be due to impairments in attentional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Jones
- a Department of Psychology , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
- b Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science , Liverpool Hope University , Liverpool , UK
| | - Leigh M Riby
- a Department of Psychology , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Michael A Smith
- a Department of Psychology , Northumbria University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
- c Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia
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Abstract
RATIONALE Egocentric neglect is characterized by responses missing on the contralateral side with respect to the viewer, while allocentric neglect is characterized in responses missing on the contralateral side with respect to the object . However, little has been reported about the neural tracts associated with egocentric and allocentric neglect. We investigated which neural tracts were involved in two types of neglect (egocentric and allocentric) in a stroke patient who showed allocentric neglect by using the Apple Cancellation test, a specialized test to distinguish between egocentric and allocentric neglect. PATIENT CONCERNS He showed good cognitive function but presented with severe neglect on the left side (A 42-year-old, right-handed male patient). He was unable to undergo even the pencil and paper test for evaluation of the severity of neglect. DIAGNOSES He was diagnosed as spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage at the right basal ganglia and underwent conservative management at the neurosurgery department of a university hospital. INTERVENTIONS Two weeks after onset, he began rehabilitation at the rehabilitation department of the same university hospital. During a seven month rehabilitation, the patient showed significant improvement of his severe left neglect. OUTCOMES We used the Apple Cancellation test to distinguish between egocentric and allocentric neglect; the results failed to reveal egocentric neglect, however, they did reveal severe allocentric neglect. In addition, on diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) at 2 weeks after onset, the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) showed partial injury and narrowing in the parietal lobe compared to that of the left SLF. In addition, the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) was not reconstructed. By contrast, on 7-month post-onset DTT, the right SLF revealed elongation and thickening in the parietal lobe that approached similarity to that for the left SLF. However, the right IFOF was still not reconstructed. LESSONS The associations of egocentric neglect with the dorsal pathway (SLF) and the association of allocentric neglect with the ventral pathway (IFOF) in the right hemisphere were demonstrated in a stroke patient. It appears that DTT can be helpful in demonstrating both the affected pathway and the neglect type in patients with neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daemyung-dong, Nam-ku, Daegu
| | - Woo Hyuk Jang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Hwangjo-gil, Dogye-eup, Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Leung KY, Chan HHL, Leung MP. Subjective and objective evaluation of visual functions in dyslexic children with visual perceptual deficiency-Before and after ten-weeks of perceptual training. Res Dev Disabil 2018; 80:112-130. [PMID: 30015270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This pilot study investigated perceptual and electrophysiological characteristics of dyslexic children, and evaluated the immediate and prolonged effect of visual perceptual training on these characteristics in these children. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Seven dyslexic children and seven controls aged 7-8 years were recruited and completed this study. All dyslexic children completed 10-weeks of visual perceptual training. The visual perceptual skills were assessed and binocular visual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded with two different pattern stimulations initially (Baseline), 3 months after the first assessment (Evaluation I) and 6 months after first assessment (Evaluation II). OUTCOMES AND RESULTS A significant reduction (p = 0.021) in VEP amplitudes in the dyslexic subjects in response to 15 Hz reversal frequency at 15% contrast stimulation was found, compared with controls, prior to perceptual training. A significant correlation (p = 0.005) was found between the VEP amplitude with 15 Hz reversal frequency and the total score of Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (non-motor) - revised (TVPS-R). After training, dyslexic subjects scored higher in some of the visual perceptual tasks and these improvements persisted for 3 months. However, the VEP amplitude in the dyslexics showed no significant change after perceptual training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Yan Leung
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Henry Ho-Lung Chan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Mei-Po Leung
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Casas J, Guardiola E, Banos JE. [The scotomas as a metaphor in the work of Oliver Sacks]. Rev Neurol 2018; 67:187-191. [PMID: 30047121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of medical metaphors is common in the social discourse and in the media. However, the use by physicians themselves to define different concepts to the original meaning of the medical word is rare. AIM To analyze the term «scotoma» in its metaphorical sense in the works of the neurologist and writer Oliver Sacks. DEVELOPMENT Sacks used scotoma metaphorically in two works, in the autobiographical book A leg to stand on and in an essay Scotoma: forgetting and neglect in science. In the first case, he used it to define the sensorial loss of his leg after an accident, which could be interpreted as a «mental scotoma». In the second case, Sacks analyzed the process and the reasons of forgetting the works of some early scientific discoverers and discussed why this happened. In this case, Sacks made an analogy with the process suffered by scientific discoveries and the reasons why some of them are largely ignored, in a situation that he called «historical» or «social scotoma». CONCLUSIONS Sacks does not use the term «scotoma» uniformly. When used to describe the sensorial loss of his leg, it might be considered that scotoma is there a second, although minor but accepted, meaning of the word. However, its use in the definition of historical neglect of early discoveries can be clearly defined as a medical metaphor in full sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Casas
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. Facultat de Medicina, 08035 Barcelona, Espana
| | | | - J E Banos
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Espana
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Abstract
The analysis and interpretation of somatosensory information are performed by a complex network of brain areas located mainly in the parietal cortex. Somatosensory deficits are therefore a common impairment following lesions of the parietal lobe. This chapter summarizes the clinical presentation, examination, prognosis, and therapy of sensory deficits, along with current knowledge about the anatomy and function of the somatosensory system. We start by reviewing how somatosensory signals are transmitted to and processed by the parietal lobe, along with the anatomic and functional features of the somatosensory system. In this context, we highlight the importance of the thalamus for processing somatosensory information in the parietal lobe. We discuss typical patterns of somatosensory deficits, their clinical examination, and how they can be differentiated through a careful neurologic examination that allows the investigator to deduce the location and size of the underlying lesion. In the context of adaption and rehabilitation of somatosensory functions, we delineate the importance of somatosensory information for motor performance and the prognostic evaluation of somatosensory deficits. Finally, we review current rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are unexplored in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten M Klingner
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Biomagnetic Center, Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Hüfner K, Brugger H, Kuster E, Dünsser F, Stawinoga AE, Turner R, Tomazin I, Sperner-Unterweger B. Isolated psychosis during exposure to very high and extreme altitude - characterisation of a new medical entity. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1872-1879. [PMID: 29202898 PMCID: PMC6088769 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic episodes during exposure to very high or extreme altitude have been frequently reported in mountain literature, but not systematically analysed and acknowledged as a distinct clinical entity. METHODS Episodes reported above 3500 m altitude with possible psychosis were collected from the lay literature and provide the basis for this observational study. Dimensional criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were used for psychosis, and the Lake Louise Scoring criteria for acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE). Eighty-three of the episodes collected underwent a cluster analysis to identify similar groups. Ratings were done by two independent, trained researchers (κ values 0.6-1).FindingsCluster 1 included 51% (42/83) episodes without psychosis; cluster 2 22% (18/83) cases with psychosis, plus symptoms of HACE or mental status change from other origins; and cluster 3 28% (23/83) episodes with isolated psychosis. Possible risk factors of psychosis and associated somatic symptoms were analysed between the three clusters and revealed differences regarding the factors 'starvation' (χ2 test, p = 0.002), 'frostbite' (p = 0.024) and 'supplemental oxygen' (p = 0.046). Episodes with psychosis were reversible but associated with near accidents and accidents (p = 0.007, odds ratio 4.44). CONCLUSIONS Episodes of psychosis during exposure to high altitude are frequently reported, but have not been specifically examined or assigned to medical diagnoses. In addition to the risk of suffering from somatic mountain illnesses, climbers and workers at high altitude should be aware of the potential occurrence of psychotic episodes, the associated risks and respective coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hüfner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Brugger
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC research, Bolzano, Italy
- Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Kuster
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franziska Dünsser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Rachel Turner
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC research, Bolzano, Italy
- Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iztok Tomazin
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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48
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Nijboer TCW, Winters C, Kollen BJ, Kwakkel G. Impact of clinical severity of stroke on the severity and recovery of visuospatial neglect. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198755. [PMID: 29966012 PMCID: PMC6028087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is growing evidence that visuospatial neglect (VSN) is associated with lower functional performance in other modalities and is not restricted to the lesioned hemisphere alone, and may also affect the non-lesioned hemisphere in severe first-ever strokes. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between the severity of VSN, as reflected by the extent of ipsilesional and contralesional spatial attention deficit, and clinical severity of stroke. METHODS This is a secondary data analysis with merged data from two prospective cohort studies. Resulting in 90 patients and 8 longitudinal measurements at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, and 26 weeks post-stroke onset. A letter cancellation test (LCT) was used as the primary outcome measure to demonstrate presence and severity of VSN. The clinical severity of stroke was classified using the Bamford Classification. RESULTS No significant association between clinical severity and the number of ipsilesional, as well as contralesional, omissions on the LCT was observed. Recovery of VSN at the contralesional hemiplegic, as well as ipsilesional non-hemiplegic side, was only dependent on 'time' as a reflection of spontaneous neurobiological recovery post-stroke. The recovery of the ipsilesional extension of VSN was significantly slower for the total anterior circulation infarct (TACI) group compared to the non-TACI group. CONCLUSIONS Larger strokes have a significant negative impact on recovery of visual attention at the non-hemiplegic side. No clinical determinants that regulate spontaneous time-dependent recovery of VSN were found. While early 'stroke severity' has been regarded as a strong predictor of functional outcome at a group level, other prognostic factors (demographic, stroke related) need to be determined. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION EXPLICIT-stroke Trial: http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1424 Stroke Intensity Trial: http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=1665.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja C. W. Nijboer
- Utrecht University, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and de Hoogstraat Rehabilitation Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Caroline Winters
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience Campus, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn J. Kollen
- Department of General Practice, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Kwakkel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience Campus, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Centre of Rehabilitation and Rheumatology READE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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49
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Kashiwagi FT, El Dib R, Gomaa H, Gawish N, Suzumura EA, da Silva TR, Winckler FC, de Souza JT, Conforto AB, Luvizutto GJ, Bazan R. Noninvasive Brain Stimulations for Unilateral Spatial Neglect after Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized and Nonrandomized Controlled Trials. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:1638763. [PMID: 30050569 PMCID: PMC6046134 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1638763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is the most frequent perceptual disorder after stroke. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a tool that has been used in the rehabilitation process to modify cortical excitability and improve perception and functional capacity. Objective To assess the impact of NIBS on USN after stroke. Methods An extensive search was conducted up to July 2016. Studies were selected if they were controlled and noncontrolled trials examining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and theta burst stimulation (TBS) in USN after stroke, with outcomes measured by standardized USN and functional tests. Results Twelve RCTs (273 participants) and 4 non-RCTs (94 participants) proved eligible. We observed a benefit in overall USN measured by the line bisection test with NIBS in comparison to sham (SMD -2.35, 95% CI -3.72, -0.98; p = 0.0001); the rTMS yielded results that were consistent with the overall meta-analysis (SMD -2.82, 95% CI -3.66, -1.98; p = 0.09). The rTMS compared with sham also suggested a benefit in overall USN measured by Motor-Free Visual Perception Test at both 1 Hz (SMD 1.46, 95% CI 0.73, 2.20; p < 0.0001) and 10 Hz (SMD 1.19, 95% CI 0.48, 1.89; p = 0.54). There was also a benefit in overall USN measured by Albert's test and the line crossing test with 1 Hz rTMS compared to sham (SMD 2.04, 95% CI 1.14, 2.95; p < 0.0001). Conclusions The results suggest a benefit of NIBS on overall USN, and we conclude that rTMS is more efficacious compared to sham for USN after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Taira Kashiwagi
- Neurology Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina El Dib
- Science and Technology Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Huda Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacy, Tanta Chest Hospital, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Gawish
- Department of Pharmacy, Tanta Chest Hospital, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Taís Regina da Silva
- Neurology Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Cristina Winckler
- Neurology Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Juli Thomaz de Souza
- Science and Technology Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo José Luvizutto
- Department of Applied Physical Therapy, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Bazan
- Neurology Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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50
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Hreha K, Chaudhari A, Kong Y, Prathusha M, Barrett A. Illustrating where spatial perception versus memory-based representation: spatial neglect in a distinguished artist; a case report. Neurocase 2018; 24:151-155. [PMID: 30035662 PMCID: PMC6162150 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2018.1495741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Spatial neglect is a disorder of attention, perception, and processing of stimuli in contralesional space. The heterogeneous behaviors involve diverse neuroanatomical mechanisms. Anecdotal evidence suggests that neural circuitry of active spatial perception may differ from that used to encode spatial memory. These differences can escape detection by conventional assessments, thereby leading to missed diagnoses. We present a case, in an artist who demonstrates selective impairment in a contralesional space during active Where spatial perception. His performance is better when asked to draw entirely from memory. This case highlights the variability in neglect, importance for comprehensive testing, and encourages further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Hreha
- Inpatient Rehabilitation Department, Kessler Institute for
Rehabilitation, West Orange, NJ, USA
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
| | | | - Yekyung Kong
- Inpatient Rehabilitation Department, Kessler Institute for
Rehabilitation, West Orange, NJ, USA
- Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ,
USA
| | | | - A.M. Barrett
- Inpatient Rehabilitation Department, Kessler Institute for
Rehabilitation, West Orange, NJ, USA
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
- Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ,
USA
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