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Huang M, Tao X, Bao J, Wang J, Gong X, Luo L, Pan S, Yang R, Gui Y, Zhou H, Xia Y, Yang Y, Sun B, Liu W, Shu X. GADD45B in the ventral hippocampal CA1 modulates aversive memory acquisition and spatial cognition. Life Sci 2024; 346:122618. [PMID: 38614306 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to investigate the role of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible β (GADD45B) in modulating fear memory acquisition and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS Adeno-associated virus (AAV) that knockdown or overexpression GADD45B were injected into ventral hippocampal CA1 (vCA1) by stereotactic, and verified by fluorescence and Western blot. The contextual fear conditioning paradigm was employed to examine the involvement of GADD45B in modulating aversive memory acquisition. The Y-maze and novel location recognition (NLR) tests were used to examine non-aversive cognition. The synaptic plasticity and electrophysiological properties of neurons were measured by slice patch clamp. KEY FINDINGS Knockdown of GADD45B in the vCA1 significantly enhanced fear memory acquisition, accompanied by an upregulation of long-term potentiation (LTP) expression and intrinsic excitability of vCA1 pyramidal neurons (PNs). Conversely, overexpression of GADD45B produced the opposite effects. Notably, silencing the activity of vCA1 neurons abolished the impact of GADD45B knockdown on fear memory development. Moreover, mice with vCA1 GADD45B overexpression exhibited impaired spatial cognition, whereas mice with GADD45B knockdown did not display such impairment. SIGNIFICANCE These results provided compelling evidence for the crucial involvement of GADD45B in the formation of aversive memory and spatial cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbing Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jian Bao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiaokang Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Laijie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Sijie Pan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yuran Gui
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - HongYan Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Youhua Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| | - Xiji Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
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Lee WC, Lin YS, Chen MJ, Ho WC, Chen HC, Chang TH, Liu PY, Chen MC. Downregulation of SIRT1 and GADD45G genes and left atrial fibrosis induced by right ventricular dependent pacing in a complete atrioventricular block pig model. Biomol Biomed 2024; 24:360-373. [PMID: 37676057 PMCID: PMC10950345 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying left atrial (LA) enlargement and atrial fibrosis following right ventricular (RV) dependent pacing remain unclear. Our objective was to investigate genetic expressions in the LA of pigs subjected to RV pacing for atrioventricular block (AVB), as well as to identify the differential gene expressions affected by biventricular (BiV) pacing. We established an AVB pig model and divided the subjects into three groups: a sham control group, an RV pacing group, and a BiV pacing group. Differential expression genes (DEGs) analyses conducted through next-generation sequencing (NGS) and enrichment analyses were employed to identify genes with altered expression in the LA myocardium. The RV pacing group showed a significant increase in extracellular fibrosis in the LA myocardium compared to the control group. NGS analysis revealed suppressed expression of the sirtuin signaling pathway in the RV pacing group. Among the DEGs within this pathway, GADD45G was found to be downregulated in the RV pacing group and upregulated in the BiV pacing group. Remarkably, the BiV pacing group exhibited elevated levels of GADD45G protein. In our study, we observed significant downregulation of SIRT1 and GADD45G genes, which are associated with the sirtuin signaling pathway, in the LA myocardium of the RV pacing group when compared to the control group. Moreover, these genes, which were downregulated in the RV pacing group, displayed a noteworthy upregulation in the BiV pacing group when compared to the RV pacing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Man-Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chung Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Cheng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Sun W, Hughes EP, Kim H, Perovanovic J, Charley KR, Perkins B, Du J, Ibarra A, Syage AR, Hale JS, Williams MA, Tantin D. OCA-B/Pou2af1 is sufficient to promote CD4 + T cell memory and prospectively identifies memory precursors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309153121. [PMID: 38386711 PMCID: PMC10907311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309153121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms leading to the establishment of immunological memory are inadequately understood, limiting the development of effective vaccines and durable antitumor immune therapies. Here, we show that ectopic OCA-B expression is sufficient to improve antiviral memory recall responses, while having minimal effects on primary effector responses. At peak viral response, short-lived effector T cell populations are expanded but show increased Gadd45b and Socs2 expression, while memory precursor effector cells show increased expression of Bcl2, Il7r, and Tcf7 on a per-cell basis. Using an OCA-B mCherry reporter mouse line, we observe high OCA-B expression in CD4+ central memory T cells. We show that early in viral infection, endogenously elevated OCA-B expression prospectively identifies memory precursor cells with increased survival capability and memory recall potential. Cumulatively, the results demonstrate that OCA-B is both necessary and sufficient to promote CD4 T cell memory in vivo and can be used to prospectively identify memory precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Erik P Hughes
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Heejoo Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jelena Perovanovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Krystal R Charley
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Bryant Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Junhong Du
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Andrea Ibarra
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Amber R Syage
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - J Scott Hale
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Matthew A Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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Reamon-Buettner SM, Rittinghausen S, Klauke A, Hiemisch A, Ziemann C. Malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas of rats induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes and amosite asbestos: transcriptome and epigenetic profiles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:3. [PMID: 38297314 PMCID: PMC10829475 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that often originates in the pleural and peritoneal mesothelium. Exposure to asbestos is a frequent cause. However, studies in rodents have shown that certain multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can also induce malignant mesothelioma. The exact mechanisms are still unclear. To gain further insights into molecular pathways leading to carcinogenesis, we analyzed tumors in Wistar rats induced by intraperitoneal application of MWCNTs and amosite asbestos. Using transcriptomic and epigenetic approaches, we compared the tumors by inducer (MWCNTs or amosite asbestos) or by tumor type (sarcomatoid, epithelioid, or biphasic). RESULTS Genome-wide transcriptome datasets, whether grouped by inducer or tumor type, showed a high number of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relative to control peritoneal tissues. Bioinformatic evaluations using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that while the transcriptome datasets shared commonalities, they also showed differences in DEGs, regulated canonical pathways, and affected molecular functions. In all datasets, among highly- scoring predicted canonical pathways were Phagosome Formation, IL8 Signaling, Integrin Signaling, RAC Signaling, and TREM1 Signaling. Top-scoring activated molecular functions included cell movement, invasion of cells, migration of cells, cell transformation, and metastasis. Notably, we found many genes associated with malignant mesothelioma in humans, which showed similar expression changes in the rat tumor transcriptome datasets. Furthermore, RT-qPCR revealed downregulation of Hrasls, Nr4a1, Fgfr4, and Ret or upregulation of Rnd3 and Gadd45b in all or most of the 36 tumors analyzed. Bisulfite sequencing of Hrasls, Nr4a1, Fgfr4, and Ret revealed heterogeneity in DNA methylation of promoter regions. However, higher methylation percentages were observed in some tumors compared to control tissues. Lastly, global 5mC DNA, m6A RNA and 5mC RNA methylation levels were also higher in tumors than in control tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may help better understand how exposure to MWCNTs can lead to carcinogenesis. This information is valuable for risk assessment and in the development of safe-by-design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Marie Reamon-Buettner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Susanne Rittinghausen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Klauke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiemisch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Ziemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Nikolai-Fuchs-Strasse 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Zhao Y, Wu D, Fu Z, Liu W, Yao Y, Liang Y. Shikonin reactivates TSGs GADD45B and PPP3CC to block NSCLC cell proliferation and migration through JNK/P38/MAPK signaling pathways. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:10. [PMID: 38167059 PMCID: PMC10759768 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone compound extracted from the Chinese traditional herbal medicine "Lithospermum erythrorhizon", possesses antitumor activity against various cancer types. Tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) negatively regulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, thereby inhibiting tumor formation. However, the molecular mechanism of action of shikonin on TSGs in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. METHODS The inhibitory effect of shikonin on the proliferation and migration abilities of lung cancer cells were measured by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) and wound healing assays. The alteration of genes by shikonin treatment was detected by mRNA high-throughput sequencing and further confirmed by qPCR and western blotting experiments. The dominant functions of the upregulated genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG profiling. RESULTS Shikonin inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed a total of 1794 upregulated genes in shikonin-treated NSCLC cells. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis of GO and KEGG profiling revealed that the up-regulated genes were mostly involved in the JNK/P38/MAPK signaling pathway, among which the expression of GADD45B and PPP3CC was significantly enhanced. Finally, we confirmed that GADD45B and PPP3CC were indeed upregulated in JNK/P38/MAPK pathway. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggested that shikonin might affect the expression of GADD45B and PPP3CC through the JNK/P38/MAPK pathway, therefore exerting an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the role of shikonin in upregulating TSGs to activate the JNK/P38/MAPK signaling pathways in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710086, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenkai Fu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Liu
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710086, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ying Liang
- Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Chen L, Fang C, Yuan X, Liu M, Wu P, Zhong L, Chen Z. Has-miR-300-GADD45B promotes melanoma growth via cell cycle. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13920-13943. [PMID: 38070141 PMCID: PMC10756120 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Response to oncogenic factors like UV, GADD45 family in skin participates in scavenging ROS, DNA repair and cell cycle control. Because of this, the previous study of the chronic UVB injury model has found that hsa-miR-300 can conduct intercellular transport by exosomes and target regulation of GADD45B. Whether the hsa-miR-300-GADD45B still regulates tumor development by cell cycle pathway is unclear. Through transcriptomic analysis of primary (n=39) and metastatic (n=102) melanoma, it was confirmed that in metastatic samples, some of the 97 down-regulated genes participate in maintaining skin homeostasis while 42 up-regulated genes were enriched in cancer-related functions. Furthermore, CDKN1A, CDKN2A, CXCR4 and RAD51 in the melanoma pathway, were also differentially expressed between normal skin and melanoma. CDKN1A and CDKN2A were also found to be involved in TP53-dependent cell cycle regulation. In conclusion, it was speculated that CDKN1A, CDKN2A, TP53, GADD45B and hsa-miR-300 may have regulatory relationships. It was demonstrated that there is a bidirectional regulation between hsa-miR-300 and TP53. In addition, miR-300 can regulate CDKN1A by GADD45B/TP53 and promote melanoma growth by accelerating the cell cycle transition from G1/S to G2 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Burn Plastic and Cosmetology, Affiliated Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 408099, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400000, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Fang
- Department of Rehabilitation, LinYi People’s Hospital, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yuan
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Burn Plastic and Cosmetology, Affiliated Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 408099, China
| | - Li Zhong
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Department of Burn Plastic and Cosmetology, Affiliated Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 408099, China
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400000, China
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Li Y, Wang B. Circular RNA circCHFR downregulation protects against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial injury via regulation of microRNA-15b-5p/growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gamma. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4481-4492. [PMID: 35137664 PMCID: PMC8973773 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2032967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of coronary heart disease. In recent years, circ_0029589 (circCHFR) has been found to be associated with atherosclerosis development. However, the molecular mechanism of circCHFR action in atherosclerosis development is unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the function and action mechanism of circCHFR in atherosclerosis development. An atherosclerosis cell model was created by exposing human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) to oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The expression of circCHFR, microRNA(miR)-15b-5p, growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gamma (GADD45G), and their associated proteins was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Additionally, cell viability, apoptosis, and cytokine levels were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. circCHFR expression was upregulated in patients with atherosclerosis and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-exposed HUVECs, whereas miR-15b-5p expression was downregulated. circCHFR silencing significantly improved viability and reduced apoptosis of HUVECs. In addition, the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and atherosclerosis-associated cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were significantly downregulated, whereas the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was upregulated. Further, we discovered that circCHFR serves as a molecular sponge of miR-15b-5p. GADD45G was found to be an important target of miR-15b-5p; miR-15b-5p mimic inhibited GADD45G expression, reduced apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and improved cell survival. However, these effects of miR-15b-5p on (ox-LDL) induced HUVECs were reversed with GADD45G plasmid co-transfection. In conclusion, circCHFR promotes atherosclerosis progression via the miR-15b-5p/GADD45G axis and may be an important target for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Chang M, Wang Z, Gao J, Yang C, Feng M, Niu Y, Tong WM, Bao X, Wang R. METTL3-mediated RNA m6A Hypermethylation Promotes Tumorigenesis and GH Secretion of Pituitary Somatotroph Adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:136-149. [PMID: 34491359 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pituitary growth hormone-secreting (GH) pituitary adenomas (PAs) cause mass effects and dysregulated hypersecretion of GH. However, somatic mutation burden is low in PAs. While progress has been made in identifying the epigenetic changes involved in GH-PA initiation, the precise details of its tumorigenesis in GH-PA patients remains to be elucidated. As N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been shown to often play a critical role in various tumors, it represents a possible initiation point for the tumorigenesis of pituitary adenomas. However, the role of RNA methylation in GH adenomas remains unclear. METHODS Protein expression of m6A regulators was measured by immunohistochemistry. Global levels and distribution of m6A methylation were separately analyzed by m6A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and m6A sequencing (m6A-seq). RNA interference and lentivirus knockdown system were used to investigate the role of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and its m6A- dependent regulatory mechanism in tumor progression and GH secretion. RESULTS We show that both METTL3 messenger RNA and protein expression are elevated in GH-PA samples when compared with both normal pituitary tissue specimens and nonsecreting pituitary adenomas. Levels of m6A modification increased in GH-PAs, and hypermethylated RNAs are involved in hormone secretion and cell development. Knockdown of METTL3 in GH3 cell line resulted in decreased cell growth and GH secretion. Importantly, we found that GNAS and GADD45γ act as the downstream targets in this process. CONCLUSION Our findings strongly suggest that m6A methyltransferase METTL3 promotes tumor growth and hormone secretion by increasing expression of GNAS and GADD45γ in a m6A-dependent manner. Thus, METTL3 and the methylated RNAs constitute suitable targets for clinical treatment of GH-PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Niu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Min Tong
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yamazoe T, Nakahara Y, Katsube H, Inoue YH. Expression of Human Mutant Preproinsulins Induced Unfolded Protein Response, Gadd45 Expression, JAK-STAT Activation, and Growth Inhibition in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12038. [PMID: 34769468 PMCID: PMC8584581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the insulin gene (INS) are frequently associated with human permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanisms underlying the onset of this genetic disease is not sufficiently decoded. We induced expression of two types of human mutant INSs in Drosophila using its ectopic expression system and investigated the resultant responses in development. Expression of the wild-type preproinsulin in the insulin-producing cells (IPCs) throughout the larval stage led to a stimulation of the overall and wing growth. However, ectopic expression of human mutant preproinsulins, hINSC96Y and hINSLB15YB16delinsH, neither of which secreted from the β-cells, could not stimulate the Drosophila growth. Furthermore, neither of the mutant polypeptides induced caspase activation leading to apoptosis. Instead, they induced expression of several markers indicating the activation of unfolded protein response, such as ER stress-dependent Xbp1 mRNA splicing and ER chaperone induction. We newly found that the mutant polypeptides induced the expression of Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 (Gadd45) in imaginal disc cells. ER stress induced by hINSC96Y also activated the JAK-STAT signaling, involved in inflammatory responses. Collectively, we speculate that the diabetes-like growth defects appeared as a consequence of the human mutant preproinsulin expression was involved in dysfunction of the IPCs, rather than apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro H. Inoue
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-0962, Sakyo, Japan; (T.Y.); (Y.N.); (H.K.)
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10
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Smaldone G, Caruso D, Sandomenico A, Iaccarino E, Focà A, Ruggiero A, Ruvo M, Vitagliano L. Members of the GADD45 Protein Family Show Distinct Propensities to form Toxic Amyloid-Like Aggregates in Physiological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10700. [PMID: 34639041 PMCID: PMC8509203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The three members (GADD45α, GADD45β, and GADD45γ) of the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) protein family are involved in a myriad of diversified cellular functions. With the aim of unravelling analogies and differences, we performed comparative biochemical and biophysical analyses on the three proteins. The characterization and quantification of their binding to the MKK7 kinase, a validated functional partner of GADD45β, indicate that GADD45α and GADD45γ are strong interactors of the kinase. Despite their remarkable sequence similarity, the three proteins present rather distinct biophysical properties. Indeed, while GADD45β and GADD45γ are marginally stable at physiological temperatures, GADD45α presents the Tm value expected for a protein isolated from a mesophilic organism. Surprisingly, GADD45α and GADD45β, when heated, form high-molecular weight species that exhibit features (ThT binding and intrinsic label-free UV/visible fluorescence) proper of amyloid-like aggregates. Cell viability studies demonstrate that they are endowed with a remarkable toxicity against SHSY-5Y and HepG2 cells. The very uncommon property of GADD45β to form cytotoxic species in near-physiological conditions represents a puzzling finding with potential functional implications. Finally, the low stability and/or the propensity to form toxic species of GADD45 proteins constitute important features that should be considered in interpreting their many functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Caruso
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Annamaria Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Emanuela Iaccarino
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Annalia Focà
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Alessia Ruggiero
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, C.N.R., Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (D.C.); (A.S.); (E.I.); (A.F.); (A.R.)
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11
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Burbridge K, Holcombe J, Weavers H. Metabolically active and polyploid renal tissues rely on graded cytoprotection to drive developmental and homeostatic stress resilience. Development 2021; 148:dev197343. [PMID: 33913484 PMCID: PMC8214761 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Body tissues are frequently exposed to stress, from toxic byproducts generated during cellular metabolism through to infection or wounding. Although it is well-established that tissues respond to exogenous injury by rapidly upregulating cytoprotective machinery, how energetically demanding tissues - vulnerable to persistent endogenous insult - withstand stress is poorly understood. Here, we show that the cytoprotective factors Nrf2 and Gadd45 act within a specific renal cell subtype, the energetically and biosynthetically active 'principal' cells, to drive stress resilience during Drosophila renal development and homeostasis. Renal tubules lacking Gadd45 exhibit striking morphogenetic defects (with cell death, inflammatory infiltration and reduced ploidy) and accumulate significant DNA damage in post-embryonic life. In parallel, the transcription factor Nrf2 is active during periods of intense renal physiological activity, where it protects metabolically active renal cells from oxidative damage. Despite its constitutive nature, renal cytoprotective activity must be precisely balanced and sustained at modest sub-injury levels; indeed, further experimental elevation dramatically perturbs renal development and function. We suggest that tissues requiring long-term protection must employ restrained cytoprotective activity, whereas higher levels might only be beneficial if activated transiently pre-emptive to exogenous insult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Helen Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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12
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Sun J, Wan J, Zhai X, Wang J, Liu Z, Tian H, Xin L. Silver nanoparticles: Correlating particle size and ionic Ag release with cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and inflammatory responses in human cell lines. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:198-209. [PMID: 33625315 DOI: 10.1177/0748233721996561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), their many sources for human exposure, and the ability of AgNPs to enter organisms and induce general toxicological responses have raised concerns regarding their public health and environmental safety. To elucidate the differential toxic effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped AgNPs with different primary particle sizes (i.e. 5, 50, and 75 nm), we performed a battery of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays and examined the inflammatory responses in two human cell lines (i.e. HepG2 and A549). Concentration-dependent decreases in cell proliferation and mitochondrial membrane potential and increases in cytokine (i.e. interleukin-6 and interleukin-8) excretion indicated disruption of mitochondrial function and inflammation as the main mediating factors of AgNPs-induced cytotoxicity. An incremental increase in genotoxicity with decreasing AgNPs diameter was noted in HepG2 cells, which was associated with S and G2/M accumulation and transcriptional activation of the GADD45α promoter as reflected by luciferase activity. Dose-related genetic damage, as indicated by Olive tail moment and micronucleus formation, was also observed in A549 cells, but these effects as well as the AgNPs-induced cytotoxicity were more associated with ionic Ag release from nanoparticles (NPs). In summary, the present study addressed different toxicity mechanisms of AgNPs, depending on the cell model, toxicological endpoint, particle size, and degree of Ag+ release from NPs. The results suggest that the GADD45α promoter-driven luciferase reporter cell system provided a rapid screening tool for the identification of genotoxic properties of NPs across a range of different sizes and concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 177544Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianmei Wan
- 177544Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuedi Zhai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 177544Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Wang
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Radiochemistry, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailin Tian
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 177544Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Xin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 177544Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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13
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Xiao C, Liu D, Du J, Guo Y, Deng Y, Hei Z, Li X. Early molecular alterations in anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus in a rodent model of neuropathic pain. Brain Res Bull 2021; 166:82-91. [PMID: 33253785 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is clinically associated with the development of mental disorders. However, the early molecular changes possibly related to the late-set depressive consequence of neuropathic pain were obscure so far. In this genome-wide study, we aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms at the early and late stages of neuropathic pain. The genetic data from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) tissues of neuropathic pain mice in Gene Expression Omnibus database were analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Modules with clinical significance were respectively distinguished for mice at two and eight weeks after operation. The genes that co-expressed in modules from two postoperative time points were obtained, and annotated by gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses. Moreover, the hub genes were identified from the protein-protein interaction network, and their expression levels were validated by molecular biology experiments. Overall, two modules were respectively found to be associated with the neuropathic pain mice with and without depressive consequence. A total of 20 genes co-expressed in both modules, and MAPK signaling pathway was the most significant pathway for these genes. Furtherly, Dusp1, c-Fos and Gadd45β were identified as the hub genes. At two weeks after sciatic nerve cuffing, Gadd45β was significantly downregulated at both mRNA and protein levels in ACC and hippocampus, while the significant upregulation was only observed in mRNA and protein levels for c-Fos in ACC. This study firstly compared the gene expression profiles between neuropathic pain animals with and without depressive-like behavior, and we suggested the early changes in the activities of MAPK signaling pathway, c-Fos and Gadd45β might be related to late-onset depressive behavior induced by peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Dewey EB, Parra AS, Johnston CA. Loss of the spectraplakin gene Short stop induces a DNA damage response in Drosophila epithelia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20165. [PMID: 33214581 PMCID: PMC7677407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelia are an eminent tissue type and a common driver of tumorigenesis, requiring continual precision in cell division to maintain tissue structure and genome integrity. Mitotic defects often trigger apoptosis, impairing cell viability as a tradeoff for tumor suppression. Identifying conditions that lead to cell death and understanding the mechanisms behind this response are therefore of considerable importance. Here we investigated how epithelia of the Drosophila wing disc respond to loss of Short stop (Shot), a cytoskeletal crosslinking spectraplakin protein that we previously found to control mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome dynamics. In contrast to other known spindle-regulating genes, Shot knockdown induces apoptosis in the absence of Jun kinase (JNK) activation, but instead leads to elevated levels of active p38 kinase. Shot loss leads to double-strand break (DSB) DNA damage, and the apoptotic response is exacerbated by concomitant loss of p53. DSB accumulation is increased by suppression of the spindle assembly checkpoint, suggesting this effect results from chromosome damage during error-prone mitoses. Consistent with DSB induction, we found that the DNA damage and stress response genes, Growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD45) and Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1), are transcriptionally upregulated as part of the shot-induced apoptotic response. Finally, co-depletion of Shot and GADD45 induced significantly higher rates of chromosome segregation errors in cultured cells and suppressed shot-induced mitotic arrest. Our results demonstrate that epithelia are capable of mounting molecularly distinct responses to loss of different spindle-associated genes and underscore the importance of proper cytoskeletal organization in tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Dewey
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Amalia S Parra
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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15
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Rosenbloom AB, Tarczyński M, Lam N, Kane RS, Bugaj LJ, Schaffer DV. β-Catenin signaling dynamics regulate cell fate in differentiating neural stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28828-28837. [PMID: 33139571 PMCID: PMC7682555 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008509117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells undergo differentiation in complex and dynamic environments wherein instructive signals fluctuate on various timescales. Thus, cells must be equipped to properly respond to the timing of signals, for example, to distinguish sustained signaling from transient noise. However, how stem cells respond to dynamic variations in differentiation cues is not well characterized. Here, we use optogenetic activation of β-catenin signaling to probe the dynamic responses of differentiating adult neural stem cells (NSCs). We discover that, while elevated, sustained β-catenin activation sequentially promotes proliferation and differentiation, transient β-catenin induces apoptosis. Genetic perturbations revealed that the neurogenic/apoptotic fate switch was mediated through cell-cycle regulation by Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45 gamma (Gadd45γ). Our results thus reveal a role for β-catenin dynamics in NSC fate decisions and may suggest a role for signal timing to minimize cell-fate errors, analogous to kinetic proofreading of stem-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Tarczyński
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Nora Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ravi S Kane
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332;
| | - Lukasz J Bugaj
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - David V Schaffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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16
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Brito DVC, Gulmez Karaca K, Kupke J, Mudlaff F, Zeuch B, Gomes R, Lopes LV, Oliveira AMM. Modeling human age-associated increase in Gadd45γ expression leads to spatial recognition memory impairments in young adult mice. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 94:281-286. [PMID: 32711258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the progressive decay of cognitive function. Hippocampus-dependent processes, such as the formation of spatial memory, are particularly vulnerable to aging. Currently, the molecular mechanisms responsible for age-dependent cognitive decline are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the expression and function of the growth arrest DNA damage gamma (Gadd45γ) during aging and cognition. We report that Gadd45γ expression is increased in the hippocampus of aged humans and that Gadd45γ overexpression in the young adult mouse hippocampus compromises cognition. Moreover, Gadd45γ overexpression in hippocampal neurons disrupted cAMP response element-binding protein signaling and the expression of well-established activity-regulated genes. This work shows that Gadd45γ expression is tightly controlled in the hippocampus and its disruption may be a mechanism contributing to age-related cognitive impairments observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V C Brito
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kubra Gulmez Karaca
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Janina Kupke
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Mudlaff
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Zeuch
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Directors' Research, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rui Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa V Lopes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana M M Oliveira
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Wan X, Yao B, Ma Y, Liu Y, Tang Y, Hu J, Li M, Fu S, Zheng X, Yin D. MicroRNA-128-1-5p attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing Gadd45g-mediated apoptotic signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:314-321. [PMID: 32828305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a clinically fatal disease, caused by restoring myocardial blood supply after a period of ischemia or hypoxia. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Recently, increasing evidence reveal that microRNAs (miRs) participate in myocardial I/R injury. This study aimed to investigate whether miR-128-1-5p contributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by myocardial I/R injury. Here, we showed that the expression of miR-128-1-5p was decreased in mice following myocardial I/R injury. Down-regulation of miR-128-1-5p was also showed in H9c2 cardiomyocytes after hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), and in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) with H2O2 treatment. Importantly, we found that overexpression of miR-128-1-5p ameliorates cardiomyocyte apoptosis both in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and NRCMs. Moreover, we also found that growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45 gamma (Gadd45g) is identified as a direct target of miR-128-1-5p, which negatively regulated Gadd45g expression. Additionally, silencing of Gadd45g inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and NRCMs. These results reveal a novel mechanism by which miR-128-1-5p regulates Gadd45g-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Wan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, China
| | - Bifeng Yao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, China
| | - Yeshuo Ma
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, China
| | - Yaxiu Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, China
| | - Mingrui Li
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, China
| | - Xinbin Zheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, China
| | - Deling Yin
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 41008, China; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, United States.
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18
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Liu G, Liao Y, Sun B, Guo Y, Deng M, Li Y, Liu D. Effects of chronic heat stress on mRNA and miRNA expressions in dairy cows. Gene 2020; 742:144550. [PMID: 32165293 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has a negative impact on dairy cow productivity. In order to reveal the mechanisms of heat-stress response, the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of five cows under chronic heat-stress and thermoneutral conditions were assayed in blood by high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 540 mRNAs and 9 miRNAs were expressed differently under heat-stress and thermoneutral conditions. Functional analyses revealed that MAPK signaling pathway, cellular senescence, circadian entrainment, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, and pathways in cancer were enriched for differently expressed mRNAs; meanwhile cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, thermogenesis, and protein digestion and absorption were enriched for differently expressed miRNAs. In addition, GADD45G, TGFB2, and GNG11 may play roles in the heat stress, and bta-miR-423-5p might be one of the regulators of heat-stress response in cows as potential mediators of chronic heat-stress response. In conclusion, the present study described the mRNA and miRNA expression patterns in blood extracted from cows during the transition from heat-stress to thermoneutral conditions. The results provide new data that could help in identifying mechanisms that mediate cows' response to chronic heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yingxin Liao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Maoming Agriculture&Forestry Technical College, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Baoli Sun
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yongqing Guo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Ming Deng
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yaokun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Dewu Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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19
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Fang Y, Xu XY, Shen Y, Li J. miR-23a-3p and miR-23a-5p target CiGadd45ab to modulate inflammatory response and apoptosis in grass carp. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:34-44. [PMID: 31883472 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ctenopharyngodon idella growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 ab (CiGadd45ab) is a subtype of the Gadd45a gene of the Gadd45 family in grass carp. There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic responses. However, little is known about the regulatory effects of miRNAs on CiGadd45ab expression. In the present study, CiGadd45ab was identified as a target gene of miR-23a-3p and miR-23a-5p, based on miRNA expression profiling and a dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, miR-23a-3p and miR-23a-5p were both confirmed to be involved in the inflammatory response following infection with Aeromonas hydrophila by targeting CiGadd45ab. Transfection with miR-23a-3p and miR-23a-5p mimics and inhibitor altered proinflammatory gene expression and apoptosis rate, thereby suggesting that miRNAs regulate immune response and anti-apoptosis by targeting CiGadd45ab in grass carp. Our results provide a theoretical basis for exploring the molecular mechanisms by which miR-23a-3p and miR-23a-5p target CiGadd45ab to regulate inflammation and apoptosis against bacterial infection in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Weavers H, Wood W, Martin P. Injury Activates a Dynamic Cytoprotective Network to Confer Stress Resilience and Drive Repair. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3851-3862.e4. [PMID: 31668626 PMCID: PMC6868510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In healthy individuals, injured tissues rapidly repair themselves following damage. Within a healing skin wound, recruited inflammatory cells release a multitude of bacteriocidal factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), to eliminate invading pathogens. Paradoxically, while these highly reactive ROS confer resistance to infection, they are also toxic to host tissues and may ultimately delay repair. Repairing tissues have therefore evolved powerful cytoprotective "resilience" machinery to protect against and tolerate this collateral damage. Here, we use in vivo time-lapse imaging and genetic manipulation in Drosophila to dissect the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive tissue resilience to wound-induced stress. We identify a dynamic, cross-regulatory network of stress-activated cytoprotective pathways, linking calcium, JNK, Nrf2, and Gadd45, that act to both "shield" tissues from oxidative damage and promote efficient damage repair. Ectopic activation of these pathways confers stress protection to naive tissue, while their inhibition leads to marked delays in wound closure. Strikingly, the induction of cytoprotection is tightly linked to the pathways that initiate the inflammatory response, suggesting evolution of a fail-safe mechanism for tissue protection each time inflammation is triggered. A better understanding of these resilience mechanisms-their identities and precise spatiotemporal regulation-is of major clinical importance for development of therapeutic interventions for all pathologies linked to oxidative stress, including debilitating chronic non-healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Weavers
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Will Wood
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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21
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Fang Y, Xu XY, Zhang M, Bai Y, Zhang XS, Shen Y, Li J. Cloning, functional analysis, and microRNA-induced negative regulation of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 γ (Gadd45g) in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 99:103400. [PMID: 31129273 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 gamma (Gadd45g) is a member of Gadd45 gene family of immunological proteins in mammals. Herein, we identified and characterised Gadd45g from grass carp. The cDNA spans over 1189 bp, with an open reading frame of 480 bp encoding a 159 amino acid protein. CiGadd45g mRNAs were expressed in all tissues investigated, with abundant expression in liver, kidney, heart, brain, blood and skin. Following infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, CiGadd45g expression was upregulated in these immune-related tissues (gill, liver, spleen, intestine, kidney and head kidney). Immune-related cytokines (p38 and JNK) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IFN-1 and TNF-α) were activated by CiGadd45g. CiGadd45g and downstream genes were regulated by microRNA miR-429b. These results indicate that CiGadd45g plays an important immune role in the response to A. hydrophila infection in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Wuxi, 214081, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Wuxi, 214081, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Sakharkar AJ, Kyzar EJ, Gavin DP, Zhang H, Chen Y, Krishnan HR, Grayson DR, Pandey SC. Altered amygdala DNA methylation mechanisms after adolescent alcohol exposure contribute to adult anxiety and alcohol drinking. Neuropharmacology 2019; 157:107679. [PMID: 31229451 PMCID: PMC6681823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking during adolescence increases the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders including alcoholism in adulthood. DNA methylation in post-mitotic neurons is an important epigenetic modification that plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment. We examined the effects of intermittent ethanol exposure during adolescence on adult behavior and whether DNA methylation changes provide a plausible explanation for the lasting effects of this developmental insult. One hour after last adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE), growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45 (Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g) mRNA expression was increased and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and Dnmt3b expression was decreased in the amygdala as compared to adolescent intermittent saline (AIS) rats. However, AIE rats 24 h after last exposure displayed increased DNMT activity but normalized Gadd45 and Dnmt3b mRNA expression compared to AIS rats. In adulthood, rats exposed to AIE show increased Dnmt3b mRNA expression and DNMT activity, along with decreased Gadd45g mRNA expression in the amygdala. DNA methylation of neuropeptide Y (Npy) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) exon IV is increased in the AIE adult amygdala compared to AIS adult rats. Treatment with the DNMT inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-azaC) at adulthood normalizes the AIE-induced DNA hypermethylation of Npy and Bdnf exon IV with concomitant reversal of AIE-induced anxiety-like and alcohol-drinking behaviors. These results suggest that binge-like ethanol exposure during adolescence leads to dysregulation in DNA methylation mechanisms in the amygdala which may contribute to behavioral phenotypes of anxiety and alcohol use in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amul J Sakharkar
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Evan J Kyzar
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David P Gavin
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Huaibo Zhang
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Harish R Krishnan
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dennis R Grayson
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Subhash C Pandey
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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23
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Lu Y, Liang M, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Song Y, Lai L, Li Z. Mutations of GADD45G in rabbits cause cleft lip by the disorder of proliferation, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2356-2367. [PMID: 31150757 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital defects in humans. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used for identifying candidate genes, and different genes or chromosomal regions have shown strong evidence for the presence of causal genes in CL/P. To date, two independent GWAS have identified GADD45G as influencing risk for CL/P. However, there is no animal model evidence about GADD45G related to CL/P. Here, we reported the generation of a novel GADD45G mutated rabbit model by CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR-based BE4-Gam systems. The homozygous (GADD45G-/-) while not heterozygous (GADD45G+/-) pups died after birth due to severe craniofacial defects of unilateral or bilateral cleft lip (CL). Moreover, the disorder of proliferation, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were also determined in the medial and lateral nasal processes (MNP and LNP) of the embryonic day 13 (E13) GADD45G-/- rabbits, which compared with the normal wild type (WT) rabbits. Thus, our study confirmed for the first time that loss of GADD45G lead to CL at the animal level and provided new insights into the crucial role of GADD45G for upper lip formation and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mingming Liang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Quanjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhiquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuning Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
| | - Zhanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Camilleri-Robles C, Serras F, Corominas M. Role of D-GADD45 in JNK-Dependent Apoptosis and Regeneration in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E378. [PMID: 31109086 PMCID: PMC6562583 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The GADD45 proteins are induced in response to stress and have been implicated in the regulation of several cellular functions, including DNA repair, cell cycle control, senescence, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigate the role of D-GADD45 during Drosophila development and regeneration of the wing imaginal discs. We find that higher expression of D-GADD45 results in JNK-dependent apoptosis, while its temporary expression does not have harmful effects. Moreover, D-GADD45 is required for proper regeneration of wing imaginal discs. Our findings demonstrate that a tight regulation of D-GADD45 levels is required for its correct function both, in development and during the stress response after cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Camilleri-Robles
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Florenci Serras
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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25
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Shin GT, Lee HJ, Park JE. Growth arrest and DNA damage 45γ is required for caspase-dependent renal tubular cell apoptosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212818. [PMID: 30794682 PMCID: PMC6386268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth Arrest and DNA Damage 45γ (GADD45γ) is a member of the DNA damage-inducible gene family which responds to environmental stresses. Apoptosis is a critical mode of renal tubular cell death in nephrotoxin-induced acute kidney injury. In this study, we investigated the role of GADD45γ in renal tubular cell apoptosis induced by nephrotoxic drugs. METHODS Primary human renal tubular epithelial (HRE) cells were used in this study. To derive stable cell lines in which GADD45γ expression was silenced, HRE cells were transduced with a plasmid encoding GADD45γ-specific shRNA. The recombinant adenovirus containing the GADD45γ gene was synthesized to overexpress GADD45γ protein. Cell death was induced by cisplatin and cyclosporine A (CsA). To prevent apoptotic cell death, pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-FMK was used. To prevent non-apoptotic cell death, necrostatin-1 and ferrostatin-1 were used. The degree of apoptosis and necrosis of cultured cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Expression of the GADD45γ gene was significantly upregulated in response to treatment with CsA and cisplatin. Apoptosis and necrosis induced by these drugs were significantly reduced by silencing of GADD45γ, and significantly augmented by the overexpression of GADD45γ. The activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7 as well as caspase-9 induced by cisplatin or CsA was reduced by silencing of GADD45γ, and was augmented by the overexpression of GADD45γ, indicating that caspase activation is dependent on the expression of GADD45γ. ZVAD-FMK significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by cisplatin or CsA, indicating a role of caspases in mediating apoptotic cell death. ZVAD-FMK was effective to prevent necrosis as well, indicating that the observed necrosis was a secondary event following apoptosis at least in part. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that GADD45γ is required for the caspase-dependent apoptosis of renal tubular cells induced by nephrotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Tae Shin
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hwa Joung Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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26
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Warr N, May J, Teboul L, Suzuki T, Asami M, Perry ACF, Wells S, Greenfield A. Characterisation and use of a functional Gadd45g bacterial artificial chromosome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17318. [PMID: 30470800 PMCID: PMC6251886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35458-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) offer a means of manipulating gene expression and tagging gene products in the mammalian genome without the need to alter endogenous gene structure and risk deleterious phenotypic consequences. However, for a BAC clone to be useful for such purposes it must be shown to contain all the regulatory elements required for normal gene expression and allow phenotypic rescue in the absence of an endogenous gene. Here, we report identification of a functional BAC containing Gadd45g, a gene implicated in DNA repair, DNA demethylation and testis determination in mice and exhibiting a broad pattern of embryonic expression. Mouse fetuses lacking the endogenous Gadd45g gene undergo normal testis development in the presence of the Gadd45g BAC transgene. Moreover, a survey of embryonic Gadd45g expression from the BAC reveals that all reported sites of expression are maintained. This functional BAC can now be used for subsequent manipulation of the Gadd45g gene with the confidence that regulatory elements required for embryonic expression, including testis determination, are present. We describe the generation and characterisation of a Gadd45g-mCherry fluorescent reporter exhibiting strong expression in developing gonads and neural tissue, recapitulating endogenous gene expression, as evidence of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Warr
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Joel May
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
- Boston University School of Medicine, Vascular Biology Section, 650 Albany St, X720, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lydia Teboul
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Maki Asami
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Anthony C F Perry
- Laboratory of Mammalian Molecular Embryology, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sara Wells
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Andy Greenfield
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK.
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Kang N, Wang Y, Guo S, Ou Y, Wang G, Chen J, Li D, Zhan Q. Mutant TP53 G245C and R273H promote cellular malignancy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:16. [PMID: 30126368 PMCID: PMC6102840 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 gene mutations occur in more than 50% of human cancers and the vast majority of these mutations in human cancers are missense mutations, which broadly occur in DNA binding domain (DBD) (Amino acids 102-292) and mainly reside in six "hotspot" residues. TP53 G245C and R273H point mutations are two of the most frequent mutations in tumors and have been verified in several different cancers. In the previous study of the whole genome sequencing (WGS), we found some mutations of TP53 DBD in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) clinical samples. We focused on two high-frequent mutations TP53 p.G245C and TP53 p.R273H and investigated their oncogenic roles in ESCC cell lines, p53-defective cell lines H1299 and HCT116 p53-/-. RESULTS MTS and colony formation assays showed that mutant TP53 G245C and R273H increased cell vitality and proliferation. Flow cytometry results revealed inhibition of ultraviolet radiation (UV)- and ionizing radiation (IR)- induced apoptosis and disruption of TP53-mediated cell cycle arrest after UV, IR and Nocodazole treatment. Transwell assays indicated that mutant TP53 G245C and R273H enhanced cell migration and invasion abilities. Moreover, western blot revealed that they were able to suppress the expression of TP53 downstream genes in the process of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by UV, which suggests that these two mutations can influence apoptosis and growth arrest might be due, at least in part, to down-regulate the expression of P21, GADD45α and PARP. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that mutant TP53 G245C and R273H can lead to more aggressive phenotypes and enhance cancer cell malignancy, which further uncover TP53 function in carcinogenesis and might be useful in clinical diagnosis and therapy of TP53 mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021 China
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Shichao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yunwei Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100021 China
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
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Liu L, Xiao Q, Gilbert ER, Cui Z, Zhao X, Wang Y, Yin H, Li D, Zhang H, Zhu Q. Whole-transcriptome analysis of atrophic ovaries in broody chickens reveals regulatory pathways associated with proliferation and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7231. [PMID: 29739971 PMCID: PMC5940789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Broodiness in laying hens results in atrophy of the ovary and consequently decreases productivity. However, the regulatory mechanisms that drive ovary development remain elusive. Thus, we collected atrophic ovaries (AO) from 380-day-old broody chickens (BC) and normal ovaries (NO) from even-aged egg-laying hens (EH) for RNA sequencing. We identified 3,480 protein-coding transcripts that were differentially expressed (DE), including 1,719 that were down-regulated and 1,761 that were up-regulated in AO. There were 959 lncRNA transcripts that were DE, including 56 that were down-regulated and 903 that were up-regulated. Among the116 miRNAs that were DE, 79 were down-regulated and 37 were up-regulated in AO. Numerous DE protein-coding transcripts and target genes for miRNAs/lncRNAs were significantly enriched in reproductive processes, cell proliferation, and apoptosis pathways. A miRNA-intersection gene-pathway network was constructed by considering target relationships and correlation of the expression levels between ovary development-related genes and miRNAs. We also constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network by integrating competing relationships between protein-coding genes and lncRNA transcripts, and identified several lncRNA transcripts predicted to regulate the CASP6, CYP1B1, GADD45, MMP2, and SMAS2 genes. In conclusion, we discovered protein-coding genes, miRNAs, and lncRNA transcripts that are candidate regulators of ovary development in broody chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, Virginia, USA
| | - Qihai Xiao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, 24061, Virginia, USA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, 611130, Sichuan Province, China.
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SMN Mydin RB, Sreekantan S, Hazan R, Farid Wajidi MF, Mat I. Cellular Homeostasis and Antioxidant Response in Epithelial HT29 Cells on Titania Nanotube Arrays Surface. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017:3708048. [PMID: 28337249 PMCID: PMC5350423 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3708048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell growth and proliferative activities on titania nanotube arrays (TNA) have raised alerts on genotoxicity risk. Present toxicogenomic approach focused on epithelial HT29 cells with TNA surface. Fledgling cell-TNA interaction has triggered G0/G1 cell cycle arrests and initiates DNA damage surveillance checkpoint, which possibly indicated the cellular stress stimuli. A profound gene regulation was observed to be involved in cellular growth and survival signals such as p53 and AKT expressions. Interestingly, the activation of redox regulator pathways (antioxidant defense) was observed through the cascade interactions of GADD45, MYC, CHECK1, and ATR genes. These mechanisms furnish to protect DNA during cellular division from an oxidative challenge, set in motion with XRRC5 and RAD50 genes for DNA damage and repair activities. The cell fate decision on TNA-nanoenvironment has been reported to possibly regulate proliferative activities via expression of p27 and BCL2 tumor suppressor proteins, cogent with SKP2 and BCL2 oncogenic proteins suppression. Findings suggested that epithelial HT29 cells on the surface of TNA may have a positive regulation via cell-homeostasis mechanisms: a careful circadian orchestration between cell proliferation, survival, and death. This nanomolecular knowledge could be beneficial for advanced medical applications such as in nanomedicine and nanotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiatul Basria SMN Mydin
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Srimala Sreekantan
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, 14300 South Seberang Perai, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Roshasnorlyza Hazan
- Materials Technology Group, Industrial Technology Division, Nuclear Malaysia Agency, Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ishak Mat
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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Huang WS, Kuo YH, Kuo HC, Hsieh MC, Huang CY, Lee KC, Lee KF, Shen CH, Tung SY, Teng CC. CIL-102-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells via Upregulation of p21 and GADD45. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168989. [PMID: 28068431 PMCID: PMC5221879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CIL-102 (1-[4-(furo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-ylamino)phenyl]ethanone) is a well-known, major active agent of the alkaloid derivative of Camptotheca acuminata with valuable biological properties, including anti-tumorigenic activity. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which CIL-102 mediated the induction of cell death, and we performed cell cycle G2/M arrest to clarify molecular changes in colorectal cancer cells (CRC). Treatment of DLD-1 cells with CIL-102 resulted in triggering the extrinsic apoptosis pathway through the activation of Fas-L, caspase-8 and the induction of Bid cleavage and cytochrome c release in a time-dependent manner. In addition, CIL-102 mediated apoptosis and G2/M arrest by phosphorylation of the Jun N-terminus kinase (JNK1/2) signaling pathway. This resulted in the expression of NFκB p50, p300 and CREB-binding protein (CBP) levels, and in the induction of p21 and GADD45 as well as the decreased association of cdc2/cyclin B. Furthermore, treatment with the JNK1/2 (SP600125), NFκB (PDTI) or the p300/CBP (C646) inhibitors abolished CIL-102-induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and reversed the association of cdc2 with cyclin B. Therefore, we demonstrated that there was an increase in the cellular levels of p21 and GADD45 by CIL-102 reduction in cell viability and cell cycle arrest via the activation of the JNK1/2, NFκB p50, p300 and CBP signaling modules. Collectively, our results demonstrated that CIL-102 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of colon cancer cells by upregulating p21 and GADD45 expression and by activating JNK1/2, NFκB p50 and p300 to provide a new mechanism for CIL-102 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shih Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Kuo
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Chun Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chiao Hsieh
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Fai Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Heng Shen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Yi Tung
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chuan Teng
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, CGUST, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Pang C, Shi L, Sheng Y, Zheng Z, Wei H, Wang Z, Ji L. Caffeic acid attenuated acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting ERK1/2-mediated early growth response-1 transcriptional activation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:186-195. [PMID: 27720869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is a natural compound abundant in fruits, coffee and plants. This study aims to investigate the involved mechanism of the therapeutic detoxification of CA against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. CA (10, 30 mg/kg) was orally given to mice at 1 h after mice were pre-administrated with APAP (300 mg/kg). The therapeutic detoxification of CA against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was observed by detecting serum aminotransferases, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) amount and liver histological evaluation in vivo. CA reduced APAP-induced increase in the mRNA expression of early growth response 1 (Egr1) in hepatocytes, and inhibited APAP-induced Egr1 transcriptional activation in vitro and in vivo. CA reduced the increased expression of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (Gadd45)α induced by APAP in hepatocytes. Moreover, Egr1 siRNA reduced Gadd45α expression and reversed APAP-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes. Further results showed that CA blocked APAP-induced activation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling cascade in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the application of ERK1/2 inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126) abrogated the nuclear translocation of Egr1 induced by APAP in hepatocytes. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the therapeutic detoxification of CA against APAP-induced liver injury, and the inhibition of CA on ERK1/2-mediated Egr1 transcriptional activation was involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Sheng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Wei
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Luoni A, Berry A, Raggi C, Bellisario V, Cirulli F, Riva MA. Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Stress on Bdnf Expression in Response to an Acute Challenge in Rats: a Role for Gadd45β. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:7037-7047. [PMID: 26676568 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to early adversities represents a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders. We have previously shown that exposure to prenatal stress (PNS) in rats alters the developmental expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) with a specific temporal profile. However, exposure to early-life stress is known to alter the ability to cope with challenging events later in life, which may contribute to the enhanced vulnerability to stress-related disorders. Since Bdnf is also an important player for activity-dependent plasticity, we investigated whether the exposure to PNS in rats could alter Bdnf responsiveness to an acute challenge at adulthood. We found that exposure to PNS produces significant changes in Bdnf responsiveness with brain region- and gender-specific selectivity. Indeed, exposure to an acute stress upregulates Bdnf expression in the prefrontal cortex, but not in the hippocampus, of control animals. Moreover, such modulatory activity is selectively impaired in PNS female rats, an effect that was associated with changes in the modulation of the DNA demethylase Gadd45β. Our results suggest that exposure to PNS may reprogram gene transcription through epigenetic mechanisms reducing the ability to cope under adverse conditions, a trait that is disrupted in psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Berry
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - C Raggi
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - V Bellisario
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - F Cirulli
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - M A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Zhang X, Yan Z, Li X, Lin W, Dai Z, Yan Y, Lu P, Chen W, Zhang H, Chen F, Ma J, Xie Q. GADD45β, an anti-tumor gene, inhibits avian leukosis virus subgroup J replication in chickens. Oncotarget 2016; 7:68883-68893. [PMID: 27655697 PMCID: PMC5356597 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is a retroviruses that induces neoplasia, hepatomegaly, immunosuppression and poor performance in chickens. The tumorigenic and pathogenic mechanisms of ALV-J remain a hot topic. To explore anti-tumor genes that promote resistance to ALV-J infection in chickens, we bred ALV-J resistant and susceptible chickens (F3 generation). RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) of liver tissue from the ALV-J resistant and susceptible chickens identified 216 differentially expressed genes; 88 of those genes were up-regulated in the ALV-J resistant chickens (compared to the susceptible ones). We screened for significantly up-regulated genes (P < 0.01) of interest in the ALV-J resistant chickens, based on their involvement in biological signaling pathways. Functional analyses showed that overexpression of GADD45β inhibited ALV-J replication. GADD45β could enhance defense against ALV-J infection and may be used as a molecular marker to identify ALV-J infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Zhuanqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Zhenkai Dai
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Piaopiao Lu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, U.S.A
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Ma
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
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Kigar SL, Chang L, Hayne MR, Karls NT, Auger AP. Sex differences in Gadd45b expression and methylation in the developing rodent amygdala. Brain Res 2016; 1642:461-466. [PMID: 27086974 PMCID: PMC6701186 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal epigenetic regulation of the genome facilitates species-typical development; sexual differentiation of the brain by gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes causes extensive epigenetic reprogramming of many cells in the body, including the brain, and may indirectly predispose males and females to different psychiatric conditions. We and others have demonstrated sex differences in DNA methylation, as well as in the enzymes that form, or 'write', this epigenetic modification. However, while a growing body of evidence suggests that DNA methylation undergoes rapid turnover and is dynamically regulated in vivo, to our knowledge no studies have been done investigating whether sex differences exist in the epigenetic 'erasers' during postnatal development. Here we report sex differences in the expression of growth arrest and DNA damage inducible factor β (Gadd45b), but not family members α (a) or γ (g), in the neonatal and juvenile rodent amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Kigar
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| | - Liza Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| | - Margaret R Hayne
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Nicolette T Karls
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Anthony P Auger
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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Shen Y, Ma K, Liu F, Yue GH. Characterization of two novel gadd45a genes in hybrid tilapia and their responses to the infection of Streptococcus agalactiae. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 54:276-81. [PMID: 27103004 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diseases are one of the major challenges in tilapia aquaculture. Identification of DNA markers associated with disease resistance may facilitate the acceleration of the selection for disease resistance. Gadd45a (growth arrest and DNA damage 45 A), a stress-inducible gene in humans and mice, has not been studied in fish. We characterized the two prologues of Gadd45a genes in hybrid tilapia. Gadd45a1 and Gadd45a2 shared an identical gene structure and showed an amino acid sequence identity of 73.8%. Their expressions were detected in all 10 tissues examined, with the kidney and gill having high transcriptional expressions. The expression levels of Gadd45a1 were significantly lower than those of Gadd45a2 in all examined tissues. After a challenge with a bacterial pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae, the expressions of the two genes were up-regulated significantly in the spleen, kidney, liver and intestine. These findings suggest that the two Gadd45a genes play an important role in the resistance to S. agalactiae in tilapia. We identified 10 SNPs in the two genes. The SNP markers in the two Gadd45a genes could be used to examine whether they are associated with resistance to S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubang Shen
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Keyi Ma
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Feng Liu
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gen Hua Yue
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore.
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Figge DA, Eskow Jaunarajs KL, Standaert DG. Dynamic DNA Methylation Regulates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia. J Neurosci 2016; 36:6514-24. [PMID: 27307239 PMCID: PMC5015786 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0683-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a persistent behavioral sensitization that develops after repeated levodopa (l-DOPA) exposure in Parkinson disease patients. LID is a consequence of sustained changes in the transcriptional behavior of striatal neurons following dopaminergic stimulation. In neurons, transcriptional regulation through dynamic DNA methylation has been shown pivotal to many long-term behavioral modifications; however, its role in LID has not yet been explored. Using a rodent model, we show LID development leads to the aberrant expression of DNA demethylating enzymes and locus-specific changes to DNA methylation at the promoter regions of genes aberrantly transcribed following l-DOPA treatment. Looking for dynamic DNA methylation in LID genome-wide, we used reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and found an extensive reorganization of the dorsal striatal methylome. LID development led to significant demethylation at many important regulatory areas of aberrantly transcribed genes. We used pharmacologic treatments that alter DNA methylation bidirectionally and found them able to modulate dyskinetic behaviors. Together, these findings demonstrate that l-DOPA induces widespread changes to striatal DNA methylation and that these modifications are required for the development and maintenance of LID. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) develops after repeated levodopa (l-DOPA) exposure in Parkinson disease patients and remains one of the primary obstacles to effective treatment. LID behaviors are a consequence of striatal neuron sensitization due to sustained changes in transcriptional behavior; however, the mechanisms responsible for the long-term maintenance of this cellular priming remain uncertain. Regulation of dynamic DNA methylation has been shown pivotal to the maintenance of several long-term behavioral modifications, yet its role in LID has not yet been explored. In this work, we report a pivotal role for the reorganization of DNA methylation in the development of LID and show that modification of DNA methylation may be a novel therapeutic target for use in preventing or reversing dyskinetic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Figge
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Karen L Eskow Jaunarajs
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - David G Standaert
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Kuzniewska B, Nader K, Dabrowski M, Kaczmarek L, Kalita K. Adult Deletion of SRF Increases Epileptogenesis and Decreases Activity-Induced Gene Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:1478-1493. [PMID: 25636686 PMCID: PMC4789231 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) has been suggested to play a role in activity-dependent gene expression and mediate plasticity-associated structural changes in the hippocampus, no unequivocal evidence has been provided for its role in brain pathology, such as epilepsy. A genome-wide program of activity-induced genes that are regulated by SRF also remains unknown. In the present study, we show that the inducible and conditional deletion of SRF in the adult mouse hippocampus increases the epileptic phenotype in the kainic acid model of epilepsy, reflected by more severe and frequent seizures. Moreover, we observe a robust decrease in activity-induced gene transcription in SRF knockout mice. We characterize the genetic program controlled by SRF in neurons and using functional annotation, we find that SRF target genes are associated with synaptic plasticity and epilepsy. Several of these SRF targets function as regulators of inhibitory or excitatory balance and the structural plasticity of neurons. Interestingly, mutations in those SRF targets have found to be associated with such human neuropsychiatric disorders, as autism and intellectual disability. We also identify novel direct SRF targets in hippocampus: Npas4, Gadd45g, and Zfp36. Altogether, our data indicate that proteins that are highly upregulated by neuronal stimulation, identified in the present study as SRF targets, may function as endogenous protectors against overactivation. Thus, the lack of these effector proteins in SRF knockout animals may lead to uncontrolled excitation and eventually epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Kuzniewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Nader
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Dabrowski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kalita
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, 3 Pasteur Street, Warsaw, Poland.
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Kim M, Baek HS, Lee M, Park H, Shin SS, Choi DW, Lim KM. Rhododenol and raspberry ketone impair the normal proliferation of melanocytes through reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of GADD45. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32:339-46. [PMID: 26867644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhododenol or rhododendrol (RD, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol) occurs naturally in many plants along with raspberry ketone (RK, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone), a ketone derivative, which include Nikko maple tree (Acer nikoense) and white birch (Betula platyphylla). De-pigmenting activity of RD was discovered and it was used as a brightening ingredient for the skin whitening cosmetics. Recently, cosmetics containing RD were withdrawn from the market because a number of consumers developed leukoderma, inflammation and erythema on their face, neck and hands. Here, we explored the mechanism underlying the toxicity of RD and RK against melanocytes using B16F10 murine melanoma cells and human primary epidermal melanocytes. Treatment with RD or RK resulted in the decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner which appeared from cell growth arrest. Consistently, ROS generation was significantly increased by RD or RK as determined by DCF-enhanced fluorescence. An antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase was depleted as well. In line with ROS generation, oxidative damages and the arrest of normal cell proliferation, GADD genes (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage) that include GADD45 and GADD153, were significantly up-regulated. Prevention of ROS generation with an anti-oxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly rescued RD and RK-suppressed melanocyte proliferation. Consistently, up-regulation of GADD45 and GADD153 was significantly attenuated by NAC, suggesting that increased ROS and the resultant growth arrest of melanocytes may contribute to RD and RK-induced leukoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Soo Baek
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Seok Shin
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal Woong Choi
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Nelson JO, Moore KA, Chapin A, Hollien J, Metzstein MM. Degradation of Gadd45 mRNA by nonsense-mediated decay is essential for viability. eLife 2016; 5:e12876. [PMID: 26952209 PMCID: PMC4848089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway functions to degrade both abnormal and wild-type mRNAs. NMD is essential for viability in most organisms, but the molecular basis for this requirement is unknown. Here we show that a single, conserved NMD target, the mRNA coding for the stress response factor growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible 45 (GADD45) can account for lethality in Drosophila lacking core NMD genes. Moreover, depletion of Gadd45 in mammalian cells rescues the cell survival defects associated with NMD knockdown. Our findings demonstrate that degradation of Gadd45 mRNA is the essential NMD function and, surprisingly, that the surveillance of abnormal mRNAs by this pathway is not necessarily required for viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Kristin A Moore
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Alex Chapin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Julie Hollien
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Mark M Metzstein
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
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40
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Xu G, Zhang L, Ma A, Qian Y, Ding Q, Liu Y, Wang B, Yang Z, Liu Y. SIP1 is a downstream effector of GADD45G in senescence induction and growth inhibition of liver tumor cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:33636-47. [PMID: 26378039 PMCID: PMC4741791 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence evasion caused by the inactivation of tumor suppressive programs is implicated in tumor initiation and therapeutic resistance. Our previous study has shown that the downregulation of growth arrest and DNA damage 45G (GADD45G) contributes to senescence bypass in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we report that the Smad-interacting protein-1 (SIP1) is transcriptionally activated and functions critically in the GADD45G-induced tumor cell senescence. Knockdown of SIP1 significantly abrogates the suppressive effects of GADD45G on the growth of xenografted liver tumor in vivo. The essential role of SIP1 in GADD45G activities is further validated in the model of the proteasome inhibitor MG132-induced cell senescence. We further show that JNK but not p38 MAPK activation is involved in the GADD45G-mediated SIP1 upregulation, and that JNK inhibition counteracts the GADD45G-induced cellular senescence. More importantly, we show that GADD45G and SIP1 expression are coincidently downregulated in primary human HCC tissues. Together, our results establish that the dowregulation of GADD45G-SIP1 axis may contribute to cellular senescence evasion and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boshi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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41
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Cho ES, Lee KT, Choi JW, Jeon HJ, Lee SW, Cho YM, Kim TH. Novel SNPs in the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 45 alpha gene (GADD45A) associated with meat quality traits in Berkshire pigs. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:8581-8. [PMID: 26345789 DOI: 10.4238/2015.july.31.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the porcine gene GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 alpha) as a positional candidate controlling quantitative trait loci (QTL) for meat quality traits on chromosome 6 (SSC6). Four exons of the porcine GADD45A gene were defined from cDNA and BAC clone sequences. A total of 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in porcine GADD45A. The association of these SNPs (g.196A>G, g.392C>A, g.955T>C and g.3247A>T) with meat quality traits was evaluated in 678 Berkshire pigs. The genotype distribution of only one SNP (g.3247A>T) conformed to Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in the pig population analyzed in this study, and the other SNPs were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. All four SNPs were significantly associated with meat quality traits. Three SNPS (g.196A>G, g.392C>A, and g.955T>C) showed similar significant association patterns for drip loss, cooking loss, meat color (lightness; MC_L and yellowness; MC_B), shear force and water-holding capacity traits. By contrast, g.3247A>T had a different association pattern with other traits such as intramuscular fat content (IMF) and backfat thickness (BF), drip loss, MC_L, and moisture. These findings will provide useful information for genetic characterization or association studies in other pig populations. Additionally, these markers can potentially be applied in pig breeding programs to improve meat quality traits, including IMF and BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Cho
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - K T Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - H J Jeon
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - S W Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - Y M Cho
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
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42
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van der Heide LP, Wijchers PJEC, von Oerthel L, Burbach JPH, Hoekman MFM, Smidt MP. FoxK2 is required for cellular proliferation and survival. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1013-23. [PMID: 25216324 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
FoxK2 is a forkhead transcription factor expressed ubiquitously in the developing murine central nervous system. Here we investigated the role of FoxK2 in vitro and focused on proliferation and cellular survival. Knockdown of FoxK2 results in a decrease in BrdU incorporation and H3 phosphorylation, suggesting attenuation of proliferation. In the absence of growth factors, FoxK2 knockdown results in a dramatic increase in caspase 3 activity and propidium iodide positive cells, indicative of cell death. Additionally, knockdown of FoxK2 results in an increase in the mRNA of Gadd45α, Gadd45γ, as well as an increase in the phosphorylation of the mTOR dependent kinase p70S6K. Rapamycin treatment completely blocked the increase in p70S6K and synergistically potentiated the decrease in H3 phosphorylation upon FoxK2 knockdown. To gain more insight into the proapoptotic effects upon FoxK2 knockdown we screened for changes in Bcl2 genes. Upon FoxK2 knockdown both Puma and Noxa were significantly upregulated. Both genes were not inhibited by rapamycin treatment, instead rapamycin increased Noxa mRNA. FoxK2 requirement in cellular survival is further emphasized by the fact that resistance to TGFβ-induced cell death was greatly diminished after FoxK2 knockdown. Overall our data suggest FoxK2 is required for proliferation and survival, that mTOR is part of a feedback loop partly compensating for FoxK2 loss, possibly by upregulating Gadd45s, whereas cell death upon FoxK2 loss is induced in a Bcl2 dependent manner via Puma and Noxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars P van der Heide
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Manku G, Culty M. Dynamic changes in the expression of apoptosis-related genes in differentiating gonocytes and in seminomas. Asian J Androl 2015; 17:403-14. [PMID: 25677133 PMCID: PMC4430938 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.146101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is an integral part of the spermatogenic process, necessary to maintain a proper ratio of Sertoli to germ cell numbers and provide an adequate microenvironment to germ cells. Apoptosis may also represent a protective mechanism mediating the elimination of abnormal germ cells. Extensive apoptosis occurs between the first and second postnatal weeks, at the point when gonocytes, precursors of spermatogonial stem cells, should have migrated toward the basement membrane of the tubules and differentiated into spermatogonia. The mechanisms regulating this process are not well-understood. Gonocytes undergo phases of proliferation, migration, and differentiation which occur in a timely and closely regulated manner. Gonocytes failing to migrate and differentiate properly undergo apoptosis. Inadequate gonocyte differentiation has been suggested to lead to testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) formation. Here, we examined the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes during gonocyte differentiation by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, identifying 48 pro- and anti-apoptotic genes increased by at least two-fold in rat gonocytes induced to differentiate by retinoic acid, when compared to untreated gonocytes. Further analysis of the most highly expressed genes identified the pro-apoptotic genes Gadd45a and Cycs as upregulated in differentiating gonocytes and in spermatogonia compared with gonocytes. These genes were also significantly downregulated in seminomas, the most common type of TGCT, compared with normal human testicular tissues. These results indicate that apoptosis-related genes are actively regulated during gonocyte differentiation. Moreover, the down-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes in seminomas suggests that they could represent new therapeutic targets in the treatment of TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Manku
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Martine Culty
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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44
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Zhang W, Gao R, Yu Y, Guo K, Hou P, Yu M, Liu Y, Yang A. Iodine-131 induces apoptosis in HTori-3 human thyrocyte cell line and G2/M phase arrest in a p53-independent pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3148-54. [PMID: 25515142 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Iodine‑131 is known to destroy residual thyroid tissue following surgical resection of differentiated thyroid carcinoma and is widely used to treat hyperthyroidism. However, the mechanism by which iodine‑131 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the human thyrocyte cell line, Htori‑3, remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the cytotoxic effect of iodine‑131 on the HTori‑3 cell line and the underlying mechanism of iodine‑131‑induced cell apoptosis were investigated. Cell viability was analyzed using an MTT assay, while cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were determined using flow cytometry. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analyses were performed to determine the changes in the expression levels of p53, B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Fas and growth arrest and DNA damage‑inducible 45 (GADD45), following iodine‑131 treatment. The results demonstrated that iodine‑131 may inhibit HTori‑3 cell growth via cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner. The iodine‑131 dose required for 50% growth inhibition of HTori‑3 cell viability 48 h after treatment was 27.75±2.22 MBq/ml. Upregulation of Fas and downregulation of Bcl‑2 expression levels were observed following iodine‑131 treatment. The results of RT‑qPCR revealed an increase in the GADD45 mRNA expression following HTori‑3 cell exposure to iodine‑131. Notably, the mRNA and protein expression levels of p53 were not altered following iodine‑131 treatment. In conclusion, iodine‑131 may induce apoptosis in HTori‑3 cells by downregulating the expression of Bcl‑2 and upregulating the expression of Fas. In addition, iodine‑131 may upregulate GADD45 mRNA expression in HTori‑3 cells, resulting in G2/M phase arrest in a p53‑independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Endocrinology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mingqi Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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45
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Bgatova N, Dubatolova T, Omelyanchuk L, Plyusnina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Gadd45 expression correlates with age dependent neurodegeneration in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2015; 16:53-61. [PMID: 25252831 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The neurodegeneration is one of the features of aging and age-related disorders. Yet, only several antiaging interventions are known to affect the processes of neurodegeneration. Here we show that overexpression of the pro-longevity gene D-GADD45 in Drosophila neurons leads to a postponed manifestation of histological and ultrastructural features of age-dependent neurodegeneration, such as decrease in the packing density of neurons, increasing the degree of neuron cytoplasmic vacuolization, and morphological defects of mitochondrial cristae. Thus, the previously observed (Plyusnina, Biogerontology 12: 211-226, 2011) life extending effect of D-GADD45 overexpression in the nervous system is associated with delayed neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bgatova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology Siberian Branch of RAMS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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46
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Schaefer K, Geil WM, Sweredoski MJ, Moradian A, Hess S, Barton JK. Oxidation of p53 through DNA charge transport involves a network of disulfides within the DNA-binding domain. Biochemistry 2015; 54:932-41. [PMID: 25584637 PMCID: PMC4310631 DOI: 10.1021/bi501424v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor p53 plays a critical role in the cellular response to stress stimuli. We have seen that p53 dissociates selectively from various promoter sites as a result of oxidation at long-range through DNA-mediated charge transport (CT). Here, we examine this chemical oxidation and determine the residues in p53 that are essential for oxidative dissociation, focusing on the network of cysteine residues adjacent to the DNA-binding site. Of the eight mutants studied, only the C275S mutation shows decreased affinity for the Gadd45 promoter site. However, both mutations C275S and C277S result in substantial attenuation of oxidative dissociation, with C275S causing the most severe attenuation. Differential thiol labeling was used to determine the oxidation states of cysteine residues within p53 after DNA-mediated oxidation. Reduced cysteines were iodoacetamide-labeled, whereas oxidized cysteines participating in disulfide bonds were (13)C2D2-iodoacetamide-labeled. Intensities of respective iodoacetamide-modified peptide fragments were analyzed by mass spectrometry. A distinct shift in peptide labeling toward (13)C2D2-iodoacetamide-labeled cysteines is observed in oxidized samples, confirming that chemical oxidation of p53 occurs at long range. All observable cysteine residues trend toward the heavy label under conditions of DNA CT, indicating the formation of multiple disulfide bonds among the cysteine network. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that disulfide formation involving C275 is critical for inducing oxidative dissociation of p53 from DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn
N. Schaefer
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Wendy M. Geil
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Michael J. Sweredoski
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Annie Moradian
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sonja Hess
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jacqueline K. Barton
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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47
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Matsunaga E, Nambu S, Oka M, Iriki A. Comparative analysis of developmentally regulated expressions of Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g in the mouse and marmoset cerebral cortex. Neuroscience 2015; 284:566-580. [PMID: 25450958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is an indispensable region that is involved in higher cognitive function in the mammalian brain, and is particularly evolved in the primate brain. It has been demonstrated that cortical areas are formed by both innate and activity-dependent mechanisms. However, it remains unknown what molecular changes induce cortical expansion and complexity during primate evolution. Active DNA methylation/demethylation is one of the epigenetic mechanisms that can modify gene expression via the methylation/demethylation of promoter regions. Three growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible small nuclear proteins, Gadd45 alpha, beta, and gamma, have been identified as regulators of methylation status. To understand the involvement of epigenetic factors in primate cortical evolution, we started by analyzing expression of these demethylation genes in the developing common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and mouse (Mus musculus) brain. In the marmoset brain, we found that cortical expression levels of Gadd45 alpha and gamma were reduced during development, whereas there was high expression of Gadd45 beta in some areas of the adult brain, including the prefrontal, temporal, posterior parietal and insula cortices, which are particularly expanded in greater primates and humans. Compared to the marmoset brain, there were no clear regional differences and constant or reduced Gadd45 expression was seen between juvenile and adult mouse brain. Double staining with a neuronal marker revealed that most Gadd45-expressing cells were NeuN-positive neurons. Thus, these results suggest the possibility that differential Gadd45 expression affects neurons, contributing cortical evolution and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Matsunaga
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako 351-0198, Japan.
| | - S Nambu
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Oka
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Iriki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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48
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Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in DNA sequence. A mammalian body contains more than two-hundred different types of cells, all derived from a single fertilized egg. Epigenetic gene regulation mechanisms essentially contribute to various processes of mammalian development. The essence of epigenetic regulation is the modulation of gene activity through changes in chromatin structure. DNA methylation and histone modifications are the major epigenetic mechanisms. Sex determination is the process of establishing a gender. Sry, the sex-determining gene in therian mammals, initiates testis differentiation. Recent studies have provided evidence that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to Sry regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tachibana
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University
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49
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Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible gamma (GADD45G) is a reproduction related gene. In this study, the full-length cDNA sequence of porcine GADD45G gene was cloned through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The porcine GADD45G gene encodes a protein of 159 amino acids that shares high homology with the GADD45G of nine species: chimpanzee (97%), sumatran orangutan (97%), white-tufted-ear marmoset (97%), northern white-cheeked gibbon (97%), cattle (97%), human (97%), rhesus monkey (97%), rat (96%), and mouse (95%). This novel porcine gene was assigned to GeneID: 100152997. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the porcine GADD45G gene has a closer genetic relationship with the GADD45G gene of cattle. Computer-assisted analysis indicated that porcine GADD45G gene is structured in four exons and three introns. PCR-Rsa I-RFLP was established to detect an A/G mutation on the position of 294-bp of coding sequence and eight pig breeds display obvious genotype and allele frequency differences at this mutation locus. Association of this SNP with litter size traits was assessed in Large White (n = 100) and Landrace (n = 100) pig populations, and result demonstrated that this polymorphic locus was significantly associated with the litter size of all parities in Large White and Landrace sows (P < 0.01). Therefore, porcine GADD45G gene could be a useful candidate gene in selection for increasing the litter size. These data serve as a foundation for further insight into this novel porcine gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- a Key Laboratory for Fertility Regulation and Eugenics of Minority Research of Yunnan Province , Kunming , China
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50
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Liu WJ, Zhang LY, Shao CW, Wang N, Liu K, Wen HS, Zhang N, Dong ZD, Zhang JJ, Chen SL. Molecular characterization and functional divergence of two Gadd45g homologs in sex determination in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 177-178:56-64. [PMID: 25220289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 gamma (Gadd45g) is known to play a major role in embryonic development and sex determination. In this study, two Gadd45g genes were isolated from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Using chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 were located on the W and Z chromosomes, respectively. The full-length cDNA sequences of Gadd45g1 (1270bp) and Gadd45g2 (1181bp) were predicted to contain a 480-bp coding sequence that could encode a protein of 159 amino acids residues. A phylogenetic tree showed that the predicted Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 amino acid sequences clustered closely in one branch. It is proposed that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 are paralogous genes derived from the divergence of the sex chromosome. Ka/Ks ratios indicated that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 may have undergone a high number of mutations and have a divergence time of only about 68,000years, although Gadd45g homologs are highly conserved. The qRT-PCR demonstrated that Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 were highly expressed in ovary, and negligibly expressed in testis of male and neo-male. During development of the ovary (from 80 to 150days), the expression levels of both genes reached high levels. Gadd45g1 was also highly expressed at 50days, the stage just before gonad differentiation in C. semilaevis. All these findings imply functional divergence of the two Gadd45g homologs; Gadd45g1 may be necessary for sex differentiation in the early stage of gonad development, and then Gadd45g1 and Gadd45g2 maintain ovary development and the female character of half-smooth tongue sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Jun Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Li-Yan Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chang-Wei Shao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Na Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hai-Shen Wen
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhong-Dian Dong
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Song-Lin Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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