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Barki D, Manayath N, Vatsa BS, Venkatanarasimhan N S, Vishnuvardhana G V, Achar S, Bhat B. 'Testicular masquerade': a case report of testicular malignancy with persistent Müllerian duct syndrome and transverse testicular ectopia. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2024; 106:466-470. [PMID: 38038079 PMCID: PMC11060860 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare sexual development disorder. It is even more rarely associated with transverse testicular ectopia (TTE), a rare form of testicular ectopia, in which both testes descend through a single inguinal canal and are present in the same hemiscrotum. PMDS with TTE is associated with 18%-33% malignant transformation. Here we report the case of a 48-year-old man who presented with a large right inguinoscrotal swelling and on evaluation was found to have a large right testicular mass with complete right inguinal hernia, undescended left testis and a central abdominal mass. On evaluation with contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen and pelvis and image-guided biopsy he was diagnosed with mixed germ cell tumour of the right testis (predominantly a seminoma) with a retroperitoneal nodal mass and absent left testis, for which he received chemotherapy. Post-chemotherapy he underwent surgery and was diagnosed intraoperatively with PMDS along with TTE and testicular malignancy arising from the ectopic left testis. Postoperative recovery and follow-up were uneventful. Most cases of PMDS are diagnosed early in life. They present clinically with unilateral or bilateral undescended testis with inguinal hernia. In adults, PMDS is usually associated with male infertility. However, TTE is associated with an increased risk of testicular tumours if undiagnosed until adulthood. In adults PMDS with TTE is usually an intraoperative finding and is commonly associated with malignancy in the ectopic/undescended testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barki
- Bangalore Baptist Hospital, India
| | | | - BS Vatsa
- Bangalore Baptist Hospital, India
| | | | | | - S Achar
- Bangalore Baptist Hospital, India
| | - B Bhat
- Bangalore Baptist Hospital, India
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Wagner T, Toft BG, Lauritsen J, Bandak M, Christensen IJ, Engvad B, Kreiberg M, Agerbæk M, Dysager L, Carus A, Rosenvilde JJ, Berney D, Daugaard G. Prognostic factors for relapse in patients with clinical stage I testicular non-seminoma: A nationwide, population-based cohort study. Eur J Cancer 2024; 202:114025. [PMID: 38531266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 30% of patients with clinical stage I non-seminoma (CSI-NS) relapse. Current risk stratification is based on lymphovascular invasion (LVI) alone. The extent to which additional tumor characteristics can improve risk prediction remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the most important prognostic factors for relapse in CSI-NS patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Population-based cohort study including all patients with CSI-NS diagnosed in Denmark between 2013 and 2018 with follow-up until 2022. Patients were identified in the prospective Danish Testicular Cancer database. By linkage to the Danish National Pathology Registry, histological slides from the orchiectomy specimens were retrieved. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Histological slides were reviewed blinded to the clinical outcome. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. The association between prespecified potential prognostic factors and relapse was assessed using Cox regression analysis. Model performance was evaluated by discrimination (Harrell's C-index) and calibration. RESULTS Of 453 patients included, 139 patients (30.6%) relapsed during a median follow-up of 6.3 years. Tumor invasion into the hilar soft tissue of the testicular hilum, tumor size, LVI and embryonal carcinoma were independent predictors of relapse. The estimated 5-year risk of relapse ranged from < 5% to > 85%, depending on the number of risk factors. After internal model validation, the model had an overall concordance statistic of 0.75. Model calibration was excellent. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE The identified prognostic factors provide a much more accurate risk stratification than current clinical practice, potentially aiding clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Birgitte Grønkær Toft
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lauritsen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bandak
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Birte Engvad
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws vej 15, Winsløwsparken 15, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Michael Kreiberg
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Agerbæk
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Dysager
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws vej 15, Winsløwsparken 15, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Andreas Carus
- Department of Oncology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Josephine Julie Rosenvilde
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Berney
- Centre of Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gedske Daugaard
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yuen KL, Pandit K, Puri D, Yodkhunnatham N, Bagrodia A. Testicular cancer with small metastatic burden: optimal approach in 2024. Curr Opin Urol 2024; 34:204-209. [PMID: 38305430 DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent advancements in the management of clinical stage II (CS II) testicular cancer have transformed it into a predominantly curable condition. This success in treatment advancements has markedly extended patient survival. However, these treatments carry risks and morbidities, which is important to consider given the disease's impact on young men and the emerging understanding of long-term treatment consequences. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging data support primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for select CS II seminoma patients, with similar short-term outcomes to chemotherapy but less treatment intensity. Recent studies have also challenged the reflexive use of adjuvant chemotherapy for pathologic node-positive disease, as growing evidence shows low relapse rates regardless of nodal stage. Furthermore, novel biomarkers like circulating serum microRNA-371a-3p levels can help predict the presence of viable germ cell tumor at time of RPLND. SUMMARY Advances in risk stratification and therapy enable personalized de-escalation approaches for oligometastatic testicular cancer, optimizing survivorship. Upfront RPLND, reassessing adjuvant systemic therapy for RPLND pN+ disease, and novel biomarkers will shape precision treatment to achieve high cure rates with excellent quality of life. Ongoing trials of reduced-intensity regimens, accurate prognostic models, improved surgical strategy, and emerging biomarkers represent the next frontier in tailored curative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit L Yuen
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Sarabia Ochoa R, García de la Torre JP. [Bilateral synchronous anaplastic variant spermatocytic tumor: Report of a rare neoplasm]. Rev Esp Patol 2024; 57:146-150. [PMID: 38599737 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Spermatocytic tumor is a very rare germ cell testicular neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of testicular cancers. It generally affects older men with a mean age of 53.6 years (range 19-92 years). Spermatocytic tumor is classified within the group of germ cell tumors not related to germ cell neoplasia in situ. It presents clinicopathological characteristics different from classic seminoma and is not considered a variant of the latter. Due to a morphologic overlap with classical seminoma, it was called "sperm cell seminoma" in the past. The anaplastic variant of spermatocytic tumor is exceptional, few cases have been described in the literature, it presents an earlier onset compared to spermatocytic tumor and a benign behavior despite showing histological patterns similar to classic seminoma. We present the second case of bilateral synchronous anaplastic spermatocytic tumor, in a young patient treated with orchiectomy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Sarabia Ochoa
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, España.
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Lesko P, Obertova J, Kajo K, Rejlekova K, Orszaghova Z, Lehotska V, Ondrusova M, Chovanec M, Ondrus D, Mego M. Testicular Seminoma in Prostate: Case Report and Review of Literature. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:210-216. [PMID: 38040557 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lesko
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Obertova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Rejlekova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Orszaghova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Viera Lehotska
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Ondrusova
- Department of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dalibor Ondrus
- 1st Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Mego
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine & National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Kardoust Parizi M, Margulis V, Bagrodia A, Bekku K, Klemm J, Matsukawa A, Alimohammadi A, Motlagh RS, Mostafaei H, Laukhtina E, Shariat SF. Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for clinical stage II seminoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of safety and oncological effectiveness. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:102-109. [PMID: 38360519 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the oncological outcomes and safety of primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in patients with clinical stage (CS) II seminomatous testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT). A literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library was conducted on July 2023 to identify relevant studies according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The pooled recurrence rate and treatment-related complications were calculated using a random effects model. Overall 8 studies published between 1997 and 2023 including a total of 355 patients were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis with the overall median follow-up of 38 months. The overall and infield recurrence rate were 0.14 (95% CI: 0.08-0.22) and 0.04 (95% CI: 0.00-0.11), respectively. The overall pooled rate of ≥ Clavien Dindo grade III complications was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01-0.10); there was no significant heterogeneity (I^2 = 35.10%, P = 0.19). Antegrade ejaculation was preserved with the overall pooled rate of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.95-1.00); there was no significant heterogeneity on Chi-square and I2 tests (I^2 = 0.00%, P = 0.58). Primary RPLND is a safe and effective treatment option for patients with CS II seminomatous TGCT resulting highly promising cure rates combined with low treatment-associated adverse events, at medium-term follow-up. However, owing to the lack of comparative studies to the current standard of care and the limited follow-up, individual decision must be made with the informed patient in a shared decision process together with a multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kardoust Parizi
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vitaly Margulis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Department of Urology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Kensuke Bekku
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jakob Klemm
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Akihiro Matsukawa
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arman Alimohammadi
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reza Sari Motlagh
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hadi Mostafaei
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ekaterina Laukhtina
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prag, Czech Republic; Departments of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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7
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Suzuki S, Nagumo Y, Kandori S, Kojo K, Nitta S, Chihara I, Shiga M, Ikeda A, Kawahara T, Hoshi A, Negoro H, Bryan MJ, Okuyama A, Higashi T, Nishiyama H. The prognostic impact of treatment centralization in patients with testicular germ cell tumors: analysis of hospital-based cancer registry data in Japan. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:318-324. [PMID: 38265529 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-023-02457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the prognostic impact of treatment centralization in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). METHODS We used a hospital-based cancer registry data in Japan to extract seminoma and non-seminoma cases that were diagnosed in 2013, histologically confirmed, and received the first course of treatment. To compare the 5-years overall survival (OS) rates of patients stratified by institutional care volume, we performed a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method to adjust patient backgrounds. RESULTS A total of 1767 TGCT patients were identified. The 5-years OS rates for stage II and III TGCT patients treated at low-volume institutions (< 7 cases) were significantly worse than high-volume institutions (≥ 7 cases) (91.2% vs. 83.4%, p = 0.012). Histological stratification revealed that 5-year OS rates for stage II and III seminoma patients in the low-volume group were significantly worse than the high-volume group (93.5% vs. 84.5%, p = 0.041). Multivariate OS analysis using an IPTW-matched cohort showed that institutional care volume was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio 2.13 [95% confidence interval: 1.23-3.71], p = 0.0072). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that stage II and III TGCT patients experience lower survival rates at low-volume institutions and would benefit from treatment centralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Suzuki
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nagumo
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shuya Kandori
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Kojo
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nitta
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ichiro Chihara
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shiga
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akio Hoshi
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Negoro
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mathis J Bryan
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Affiliated Hospital, 2-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8576, Japan
| | - Ayako Okuyama
- Center for Cancer Registries, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Nursing, St Luke's International University, 10-1 Akashicho, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0044, Japan
| | - Takahiro Higashi
- Center for Cancer Registries, Institute for Cancer Control, National Cancer Center, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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Heidenreich A, Paffenholz P, Hartmann F, Seelemeyer F, Pfister D. Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection in Clinical Stage IIA/B Metastatic Seminoma: Results of the COlogne Trial of Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy In Metastatic Seminoma (COTRIMS). Eur Urol Oncol 2024; 7:122-127. [PMID: 37438222 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy are recommended treatment options in marker-negative clinical stage (CS) IIA/B seminoma. Despite high cure rates of 82-94%, both therapeutic options are associated with significant long-term toxicities. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility, oncological efficacy, and treatment-associated morbidity of primary nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (nsRPLND) in CS IIA/B seminoma. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective, single-arm, clinical phase 2 trial including CS IIA/B seminoma patients was conducted. INTERVENTION Primary nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Relapse-free and overall survival, surgery-associated complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, and Kaplan-Meier methods for survival calculation were assessed. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Thirty patients at a mean age of 39.1 (34-52) yr with marker-negative CS IIA and IIB seminomas were recruited. The median follow-up was 22 (8-30) mo. Nineteen (63%) and 11 (36%) patients were diagnosed with stages IIA and B, respectively, at the time of primary diagnosis. Fourteen (47%) and 16 (53%) patients were diagnosed with CS IIA and IIB, respectively, at the time of nsRPLND. Twenty-seven and three patients underwent open and robot-assisted nsRPLND, respectively. The median operating room time was 125 (115-145) min, median blood loss was <150 ml, and median time of hospitalization was 4.5 (3-9) d. Four (13%) patients experienced Clavien-Dindo grade 3a complications. Lymph node histology revealed seminoma in 25 (80%) patients; two and three patients demonstrated embryonal carcinoma and benign disease, respectively. Sixteen patients underwent a serum analysis of miR371 preoperatively, which predicted metastatic disease in 12/13 and benign histology in 3/3 patients. Three of 30 (10%) patients developed an outfield relapse 4, 6, and 9 mo postoperatively and were salvaged by systemic chemotherapy. Limitations are the low patient number and length of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The nsRPLND approach results in a high cure rate at midterm follow-up and is associated with a low frequency of treatment-associated morbidities, making this approach a feasible alternative to radiation therapy or systemic chemotherapy. PATIENT SUMMARY The standard treatment of clinical stage IIA/B seminomas is radiation therapy or chemotherapy, which results in a significantly increased frequency of long-term toxicity and secondary neoplasms. In this trial, we demonstrate that nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a feasible therapeutic approach with low morbidity and high oncological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Heidenreich
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Urology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Pia Paffenholz
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Hartmann
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Seelemeyer
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Pfister
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-Assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Matulewicz RS, Benfante N, Funt SA, Feldman DR, Carver B, Doudt A, Knezevic A, Sheinfeld J. Primary Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Seminoma Metastatic to the Retroperitoneum. J Urol 2024; 211:80-89. [PMID: 37672753 DOI: 10.1097/ju.0000000000003697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary surgical treatment with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection aims to accurately stage and treat patients with node-positive pure seminoma while avoiding long-term risks of chemotherapy or radiation, traditional standard-of-care treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reported the pathologic and oncologic outcomes of patients with pure seminoma treated with primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in a retrospective, single-institution case series over 10 years. The primary outcome was 2-year recurrence-free survival stratified by adjuvant management strategy (surveillance vs adjuvant chemotherapy). RESULTS Forty-five patients treated with primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for pure testicular seminoma metastatic to the retroperitoneum were identified. Median size of largest lymph node before surgery was 1.8 cm. Viable germ cell tumor, all of which was pure seminoma, was found in 96% (n=43) of patients. The median number of positive nodes and nodes removed was 2 and 54, respectively. Median positive pathologic node size was 2 cm (IQR 1.4-2.5 cm, range 0.1-5 cm). Four of 29 patients managed with postoperative surveillance experienced relapse; 2-year recurrence-free survival was 81%. Median follow-up for those managed with surveillance who did not relapse was 18.5 months. There were no relapses in the retroperitoneum, visceral recurrences, or deaths. Among the 16 patients who received adjuvant treatment, 1 patient experienced relapse in the pelvis at 19 months. CONCLUSIONS Primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for pure seminoma with low-volume metastases to the retroperitoneum is safe and effective, allowing most patients to avoid long-term toxicities from chemotherapy or radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Matulewicz
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Nicole Benfante
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel A Funt
- Department of Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Darren R Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Brett Carver
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alexander Doudt
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Knezevic
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joel Sheinfeld
- Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Wagner T, Toft BG, Lauritsen J, Bandak M, Christensen IJ, Engvad B, Kreiberg M, Agerbæk M, Dysager L, Rosenvilde JJ, Berney D, Daugaard G. Prognostic Factors for Relapse in Patients With Clinical Stage I Testicular Seminoma: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:81-89. [PMID: 37683134 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Approximately 20% of patients with clinical stage I seminoma relapse. Tumor size and rete testis invasion have been identified as risk factors for relapse. However, the level of evidence supporting the use of these risk factors in clinical decision making is low. Previous studies have been hampered by selection bias and variable pathology reporting that limit interpretation and generalization of results. We assessed prognostic factors for relapse in an unselected nationwide population-based setting with centralized pathology review. METHODS Patients with clinical stage I seminoma diagnosed from January 2013 to December 2018 were identified in the prospective Danish Testicular Cancer database. By linkage to the Danish National Pathology Registry, histologic slides from the orchiectomy specimens were retrieved and reviewed blinded to the clinical outcome. Clinical data were obtained from medical records with follow-up until July 2022. The association between prespecified potential clinical and histopathologic prognostic factors and relapse was assessed by the use of Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Of 924 patients included, 148 (16%) patients relapsed during a median follow-up of 6.3 years. Invasion of the testicular hilum (rete testis and hilar soft tissue), lymphovascular invasion, and elevated preorchiectomy levels of β-human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase were independent predictors of relapse. The estimated 5-year risk of relapse ranged from 6% in patients with no risk factors to 62% in patients with all four risk factors with tumor extension into the hilar soft tissue of the testicular hilum. After internal model validation, the prognostic model had an overall concordance statistic of 0.70. CONCLUSION The provided prognostic factors could replace current risk factors in guidelines and be used in future studies investigating risk-adapted follow-up and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Grønkær Toft
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lauritsen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bandak
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Engvad
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Kreiberg
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Agerbæk
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Dysager
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Daniel Berney
- Centre of Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gedske Daugaard
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Lu X, Luo Y, Nie X, Zhang B, Wang X, Li R, Liu G, Zhou Q, Liu Z, Fan L, Hotaling JM, Zhang Z, Bo H, Guo J. Single-cell multi-omics analysis of human testicular germ cell tumor reveals its molecular features and microenvironment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8462. [PMID: 38123589 PMCID: PMC10733385 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Seminoma is the most common malignant solid tumor in 14 to 44 year-old men. However, its molecular features and tumor microenvironment (TME) is largely unexplored. Here, we perform a series of studies via genomics profiling (single cell multi-omics and spatial transcriptomics) and functional examination using seminoma samples and a seminoma cell line. We identify key gene expression programs share between seminoma and primordial germ cells, and further characterize the functions of TFAP2C in promoting tumor invasion and migration. We also identify 15 immune cell subtypes in TME, and find that subtypes with exhaustion features were located closer to the tumor region through combined spatial transcriptome analysis. Furthermore, we identify key pathways and genes that may facilitate seminoma disseminating beyond the seminiferous tubules. These findings advance our knowledge of seminoma tumorigenesis and produce a multi-omics atlas of in situ human seminoma microenvironment, which could help discover potential therapy targets for seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Luo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xichen Nie
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bailing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangmin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianyin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhizhong Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liqing Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - James M Hotaling
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Bo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jingtao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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12
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Farkouh A, Shete K, Cheng KW, Buell MI, Hu B. A systematic review of pN0 testicular seminoma: a new clinical entity and future directions. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:476-482. [PMID: 37968167 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testicular seminoma with enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes has received increased consideration and exposed a new clinical entity: pN0 disease. Enlarged, nonmetastatic retroperitoneal lymph nodes provide insight into the natural history of seminoma while offering a benchmark for improving the accuracy of staging. The purpose of this systematic review was to report the pN0 rates, describe risk factors associated with it, and discuss emerging research that may reduce its incidence. We performed a systemic review of published literature on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, as well as oncology meeting abstracts evaluating histology of lymph nodes in patients with testicular seminoma treated primarily with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Studies were excluded if histology was not reported. A total of 15 publications and abstracts were included. Although study designs were heterogeneous, there was a minimal risk of bias. Overall, the reported pN0 rates were 0% to 22%. In prospective clinical trials it was 9% to 16%. The presence of pN0 was associated with preoperative smaller lymph nodes, a solitary enlarged lymph node, or negative serum miRNA-371. The incidence of pN0 seminoma is concerning as it points to a potential historical overtreatment; however, it also represents an important inflection for testicular cancer research as quantifiable improvements in clinical staging will translate to clear benefits to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a Farkouh
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Kanha Shete
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Kai Wen Cheng
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Matthew I Buell
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Brian Hu
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA.
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13
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Yáñez-Castillo YM, Melgarejo-Segura MT, Gutiérrez-Tejero F, Arrabal-Martín M. Evaluation of tumour size and rete testis invasion in progression free survival of our patients with stage i testicular seminoma. A retrospective observational study of a reference hospital center and literature review. Actas Urol Esp 2023; 47:654-660. [PMID: 37355209 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of tumour size and rete testis invasion in progression free survival of our patients with stage I testicular seminoma. A literature review is also made. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective observational study was performed. We included patients with stage I seminoma between January 2010 and July 2022. Patients without factors of poor prognostic -Group A- were compared with patients with factors of poor prognostic -Group B-. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank testing were used to compare progression free survival (PFS) between these groups. Statistical significance was considered at P≤.05. RESULTS 55 patients were included in this study. 20 patients (36.4%) were of good prognostic -Group A- and 35 (63.6%) had factors of poor prognostic -Group B-. The mean age was similar in both groups (mean±standard deviation), 38.62±9.04 years. The mean follow-up time was 63.5±33.6 months. All the patients in group A and 25.7% of the patients in group B underwent active surveillance (AS). 26 patients (74.3%) of the patients in Group B were treated with one cycle of adyuvant carboplatin. Three patients suffered a relapse with retroperitoneal lymph nodes (10.3%), all of them were treated with three cycles of BEP, with a complete response of the disease. No statistical significant differences were found in PFS between Group A and B (log Rank P=.317). CONCLUSION Individualization of adjuvant treatment in stage I seminoma is important, avoiding the adverse effects derived from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Yáñez-Castillo
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - F Gutiérrez-Tejero
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - M Arrabal-Martín
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
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14
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Liu J, Thomas B, Lawrentschuk N. Re: Surgery in Early Metastatic Seminoma: A Phase II Trial of Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Testicular Seminoma with Limited Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy. Eur Urol 2023; 84:438-439. [PMID: 37385842 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Liu
- E.J. Whitten Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thomas
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- E.J. Whitten Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
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15
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Incesu RB, Barletta F, Tappero S, Morra S, Garcia CC, Scheipner L, Piccinelli ML, Tian Z, Saad F, Shariat SF, de Cobelli O, Ahyai S, Chun FKH, Longo N, Terrone C, Briganti A, Tilki D, Graefen M, Karakiewicz PI. Conditional survival of stage III non-seminoma testis cancer patients. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:435.e11-435.e18. [PMID: 37558516 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In many primaries other than non-seminoma testis cancer, the risk of death due to cancer decreases with increasing disease-free interval duration after initial diagnosis and treatment. This effect is known as conditional survival and is relatively unexplored in stage III non-seminoma patients, where it may matter most in clinical decision-making. We examined the effect of disease-free interval duration on overall survival in stage III non-seminoma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database (2004-2018), stage III non-seminoma patients were identified. Multivariable Cox regression analyses and conditional survival models were applied. RESULTS Of 2,092 surgically treated stage III non-seminoma patients, 385 (18%) exhibited good vs. 558 (27%) intermediate vs. 1,149 (55%) poor prognosis. In multivariable Cox regression models, poor prognosis group independently predicted overall mortality (HR 3.3, P < 0.001). In conditional survival analyses based on 36 months' disease-free interval duration, 5-year overall survival estimates were as follows: good prognosis patients 96 vs. 89% at initial diagnosis without accounting for disease-free interval duration (Δ=+7); intermediate prognosis patients 94 vs. 85% at initial diagnosis without accounting for disease-free interval duration (Δ=+9); poor prognosis patients 94 vs. 65% at initial diagnosis without accounting for disease-free interval duration (Δ=+29). CONCLUSIONS Conditional survival estimates based on 36 months' disease-free interval duration provide a more accurate and more optimistic outlook for stage III non-seminoma patients than predictions defined at initial diagnosis, without accounting for disease-free interval duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reha-Baris Incesu
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Francesco Barletta
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, Gianfranco Soldera Prostate Cancer Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Tappero
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Morra
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Cano Garcia
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheipner
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mattia Luca Piccinelli
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Zhe Tian
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Hourani Center of Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ottavio de Cobelli
- Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sascha Ahyai
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Felix K H Chun
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Terrone
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Unit of Urology/Division of Oncology, Gianfranco Soldera Prostate Cancer Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Tachibana I, Alabd A, Whaley RD, McFadden J, Piroozi A, Hassoun R, Kern SQ, King J, Adra N, Rice KR, Foster RS, Einhorn LH, Cary C, Masterson TA. Postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) for seminoma: Limitations of surgical intervention after first-line chemotherapy. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:394.e1-394.e6. [PMID: 37543446 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with relapsed seminoma after first-line chemotherapy can be treated with salvage chemotherapy or postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND). Based on prior experience, surgical management can have worse efficacy and increased morbidity compared to nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. Our aim was to characterize the surgical efficacy and difficulty in highly selected patients with residual disease after first-line chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Indiana University testis cancer database was queried to identify men who underwent PC-RPLND for seminoma between January 2011 and December 2021. Included patients underwent first-line chemotherapy and had evidence of retroperitoneal disease progression. RESULTS We identified 889 patients that underwent PC-RPLND, of which only 14 patients were operated on for seminoma. One patient was excluded for lack of follow-up. Out of 13 patients, only 3 patients were disease free with surgery only. Median follow up time was 29.9 months (interquartile ranges : 22.6-53.7). Two patients died of disease. The remaining 8 patients were treated successfully with salvage chemotherapy. During PC-RPLND, 4 patients required nephrectomy, 1 patient required an aortic graft, 2 patients required a partial ureterectomy, and 3 patients required partial or complete caval resection. CONCLUSION The decision between salvage chemotherapy and PC-RPLND as second-line therapy can be challenging. Salvage chemotherapy is effective but is associated with short and long-term morbidity. Surgical efficacy in this setting seems to be limited, but careful selection of patients may lead to surgical success without affecting the ability to receive any systemic salvage therapies if necessary or causing life-threating morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Tachibana
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
| | - Andre Alabd
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Rumeal D Whaley
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jacob McFadden
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alex Piroozi
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Rebecca Hassoun
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sean Q Kern
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jennifer King
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nabil Adra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kevin R Rice
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Richard S Foster
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lawrence H Einhorn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Clint Cary
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Timothy A Masterson
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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17
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Bremmer F, Lubk L, Ströbel P, Nettersheim D. Updating germ cell tumour pathogenesis - the ability of seminomas for FOXA2-driven extra-embryonic differentiation. Histopathology 2023; 83:477-481. [PMID: 37265221 DOI: 10.1111/his.14933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumours are the most common solid malignancies in young men of age 14-44 years. It is generally accepted that both seminomas and non-seminomas arise from a common precursor, the germ cell neoplasia in-situ, which itself is the result of a defective (primordial) germ cell development. The stem cell-like population of the non-seminomas, the embryonal carcinoma, is capable of the differentiation of all three germ layers (teratomas) and extra-embryonic tissues (yolk-sac tumours, choriocarcioma) into cells. In contrast, seminomas are thought to have a limited differentiation potential. Nevertheless, several studies have highlighted their ability to undergo reprogramming to an embryonal carcinoma or differentiation into other non-seminomatous entities. Here, we demonstrate that in approximately 5% of seminomas, the yolk-sac tumour driver gene FOXA2 is detectable at the protein level, indicative of an occult yolk-sac tumour subpopulation that putatively arose from seminoma cells, as the presence of other GCT entities could be excluded. The presence of these subpopulations might render the tumour more aggressive and argue for an adjustment of the therapeutic concept. We used our data to update the model of germ cell tumour pathogenesis, especially regarding the developmental potential of seminomas. Additionally, we suggest to include detection of FOXA2 into standard routine diagnosis of seminomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bremmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Lena Lubk
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Laboratory, Translational UroOncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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18
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Dieckmann KP, Dumlupinar C, Grobelny F, Utschig J, Klemke M, Ahmed Saad EM, Wülfing C, Pichlmeier U, Isbarn H, Belge G. Testicular neoplasms: the interrelationships of serum levels of microRNA-371a-3p (M371) and classical tumor markers with histology, clinical staging, and age-a statistical analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7079-7090. [PMID: 36869885 PMCID: PMC9985438 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In testicular neoplasms, the interrelationship of elevations of the novel serum tumor marker microRNA-371a-3p (M371) and traditional markers with other clinical features is still incompletely understood. The present study evaluated marker expression rates in relation to various other clinical parameters. METHODS The following data were retrospectively registered from 641 consecutive patients with testicular neoplasms: histology, such as seminoma (n = 365), nonseminoma (n = 179), benign tumor (n = 79), other malignant tumor (n = 18); patients age (years); clinical stage (CS1, CS2a/b, CS2c, CS3); and preoperative elevation of beta HCG, AFP, LDH, M371 (yes/no). Descriptive statistical methods were employed with comparisons of various subgroups to disclose associations of marker expression rates with age, histology and CS, and of age with histology. RESULTS The histologic subgroups revealed significantly different expression rates of tumor markers. M371 performed best with expression rates of 82.69% and 93.58% in seminoma and in nonseminoma, respectively. In germ cell tumors, all markers had significantly higher expression rates in metastasized stages than in localized disease. All markers except LDH have significantly higher expression rates in younger than in older patients. Nonseminoma is most prevalent in the youngest age category, seminoma predominates in patients > 40 years, other malignancies were restricted to patients > 50 years. CONCLUSION The study documented significant associations of serum marker expression rates with histology, age and clinical staging, with highest rates in nonseminomas, young age and advanced clinical stages. M371 showed significantly higher expression rates than other markers suggesting its superior clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cansu Dumlupinar
- Department of Tumour Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 2/FVG, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Francesca Grobelny
- Department of Tumour Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 2/FVG, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Utschig
- Department of Urology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, 22763, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Klemke
- Department of Tumour Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 2/FVG, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Wülfing
- Department of Urology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, 22763, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Pichlmeier
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Isbarn
- Martini Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gazanfer Belge
- Department of Tumour Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 2/FVG, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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19
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Akdag G, Alan O, Dogan A, Yuksel Z, Yildirim S, Kinikoglu O, Kudu E, Surmeli H, Odabas H, Yildirim ME, Turan N. Outcomes of surveillance versus adjuvant treatment for patients with stage-I seminoma: a single-center experience. World J Urol 2023; 41:2201-2207. [PMID: 37351618 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular germ cell tumors (seminoma/non-seminoma) are the most common carcinomas in young males, comprising approximately 1% of all carcinomas. In stage-I disease, orchiectomy can cure approximately 85% of patients. Post-surgical options are adjuvant therapy and active surveillance. Our study examined the effects of management options on stage-I seminoma patients followed in our center. METHODS We evaluated the patients with stage-I testicular seminoma who underwent radical orchiectomy and followed up in the oncology center between 2001 and 2022. The outcomes of management options, survivals were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic significance of risk factors for relapse on survival was evaluated. RESULTS Of the 140 patients with stage-I seminoma, 49 (35%) were treated with adjuvant therapy, and 91 (65%) underwent surveillance. The median follow-up duration was 37 months. During the follow-up period, nine patients in the active surveillance group and four in the adjuvant therapy group had a recurrence. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.67). In the surveillance group, the univariate and multivariate analyzes identified the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.005, HR: 0.13) as significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS). In the surveillance cohort, the 5-year DFS rate was 60% for patients with lymphovascular invasion and 93% for those without. There was statistical significance between the two groups (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our study shows that adjuvant therapy does not significantly improve DFS compared to surveillance in patients. In addition, it has been shown that lymphovascular invasion is an important prognostic indicator for DFS in determining the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncagul Akdag
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Health Science University, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No: 47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ozkan Alan
- Division of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akif Dogan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Health Science University, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No: 47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yuksel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Health Science University, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No: 47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yildirim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Health Science University, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No: 47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzcan Kinikoglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Health Science University, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No: 47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Kudu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Heves Surmeli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Health Science University, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No: 47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Odabas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Health Science University, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No: 47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Emre Yildirim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Health Science University, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No: 47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nedim Turan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, Health Science University, Cevizli, D-100 Güney Yanyol, Cevizli Mevkii No: 47, Kartal, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Shopsowitz KE, Wang XQ, Soleimani M, Hudoba M, Chen LYC, McGinnis E. Metastatic seminoma masquerading as sarcoidosis. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:e355. [PMID: 37541281 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Shopsowitz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiu Qing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maryam Soleimani
- Division of Medical Oncology, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Monika Hudoba
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luke Y C Chen
- Division of Hematology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Division of Hematology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Eric McGinnis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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21
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Cao Y. A case of rare metachronous four primary carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7471-7477. [PMID: 36959342 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE When more than two tumors are diagnosed in the same person, it is called multiple primary cancer. It is rare to be diagnosed as four primary cancers. Here, we present one elderly male patient suffered from testicular seminoma, gastric cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer from 1946 to 2019. METHODS When he was about 1.5 years old in 1946, his mother (a doctor) inadvertently found that the left scrotum of the child was enlarged. He performed left testicular resection under general anesthesia and postoperative pathological report: left testicular seminoma. In March 2007 (62 years old), the upper abdomen was distended and uncomfortable after eating, accompanied by hiccups and heartburn. He performed distal subtotal gastrectomy and postoperative pathology report: moderately and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of ulcer. In May 2013 (68 years old), he developed no obvious cause of painless gross hematuria. He performed robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy+pelvic lymph node dissection+bilateral ureterostomy and postoperative pathological report: invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma at the bottom of the bladder. In February 2017 (72 years old), he found the right breast was developing, and a nodule was palpable under the skin. He performed undergo modified radical surgery in the right breast and postoperative pathological report: Invasive breast cancer. RESULTS During the past 70 years, he suffered from four types of tumors, all of which underwent surgical treatment. Postoperative pathology confirmed that they were malignant tumors. Genetic tumor gene testing found no pathogenic or suspected pathogenic mutations. The patient's general condition is good, with regular follow-up and no tumor recurrence CONCLUSION: The treatment of multiple primary cancers is different from tumor recurrence. Targeted treatment for different tumors can achieve good therapeutic results. Cancer patients must be followed up regularly. Timely treatment after discovering new tumors is the key to a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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22
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Elgenidy A, Sonbol YT, Elmehrath AO, Afifi AM, Singla N. Revisiting Treatment Protocols for Stage I Testicular Seminoma: A SEER-Based Analysis. Urol Int 2023; 107:751-753. [PMID: 37232051 DOI: 10.1159/000530278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ahmed M Afifi
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Diseases, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nirmish Singla
- The Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Rosenvilde JJ, Wagner T, Lauritsen J, Bandak M, Juul S, Aagaard M, Daugaard G. Testicular cancer. Ugeskr Laeger 2023; 185:V10220664. [PMID: 37057703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most frequent solid tumour in young men and accounts for 1% of newly diagnosed malignant tumours. Tumours are divided into seminomas and non-seminomas. Approximately 50% of patients are cured by orchiectomy alone, while the other half in addition will need chemotherapy or radiotherapy for metastatic disease. Survival in patients treated for metastatic disease depends on prognostic criteria. Patients treated with systemic therapy have an increased risk of subsequent cancer and cardiovascular disease, as argued in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Wagner
- Afdeling for Kræftbehandling, Københavns Universitetshospital - Rigshospitalet
- Afdeling for Patologi, Københavns Universitetshospital - Rigshospitalet
| | - Jakob Lauritsen
- Afdeling for Kræftbehandling, Københavns Universitetshospital - Rigshospitalet
| | - Mikkel Bandak
- Afdeling for Kræftbehandling, Københavns Universitetshospital - Rigshospitalet
| | - Simon Juul
- Afdeling for Urinvejskirurgi, Københavns Universitetshospital - Rigshospitalet
| | - Mikael Aagaard
- Afdeling for Urinvejskirurgi, Københavns Universitetshospital - Rigshospitalet
| | - Gedske Daugaard
- Afdeling for Kræftbehandling, Københavns Universitetshospital - Rigshospitalet
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24
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Acosta AM, Bridge JA, Dal Cin PS, Sholl LM, Cornejo KM, Fletcher CDM, Ulbright TM. Inflammatory and Nested Testicular Sex Cord Tumor: A Novel Neoplasm With Aggressive Clinical Behavior and Frequent EWSR1::ATF1 Gene Fusions. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:504-517. [PMID: 36791251 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A subset of malignant testicular sex cord tumors (TSCTs), heretofore interpreted as Sertoli cell tumors, not otherwise specified, exhibits distinctive morphologic features that partially overlap with those of seminoma. In this study, we evaluated the clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of 13 such tumors. The patients were 20 to 73 years old (median, 36 y), and all with available data presented with testicular masses (median size, 3 cm), with 2 having synchronous retroperitoneal metastases. All 11 patients with available follow-up developed metastases to retroperitoneal lymph nodes, nonretroperitoneal lymph nodes, bone, contralateral testis, and/or lung. Microscopically, the tumors showed solid nests and sheets of epithelioid cells with granular, eosinophilic to clear/vacuolated cytoplasm, admixed in most (12/13) cases with variable proportions of lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Additional features included intracytoplasmic hyaline inclusions and a prominent collagenous, sometimes hyalinized stroma. Mitotic activity was relatively low (median, 1 mitosis/10 HPF), but tumor necrosis was frequent (11/13). Local invasion of adjacent structures and lymphovascular invasion were noted in some tumors (4/9 cases with available data for each feature). All were α-inhibin-positive and lacked nuclear reactivity for β-catenin. In addition, all tested cases were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (9/9) and steroidogenic factor-1 (8/8), and 8/10 expressed CD30. Two "index" cases were initially analyzed using a DNA sequencing panel, which identified EWSR1::ATF1 fusions in both. Subsequently, EWSR1::ATF1 fusions were demonstrated in 8 of the remaining 11 cases using fluorescence in situ hybridization or DNA sequencing. One of the 3 cases that were negative for EWSR1::ATF1 harbored ATF1 amplification. This study, therefore, shows that a group of malignant TSCTs resembling seminoma is characterized by α-inhibin and steroidogenic factor-1 positivity, no expression of nuclear β-catenin, frequent CD30 positivity and recurrent EWSR1::ATF1 fusions. We have descriptively termed these neoplasms "inflammatory and nested TSCT." Importantly, inflammatory and nested TSCTs show significant differences in morphology, immunoprofile, molecular biology, and, likely, clinical behavior from Sertoli cell tumors, not otherwise specified and should be classified separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres M Acosta
- Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Julia A Bridge
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE
- ProPath, Dallas, TX
| | - Paola S Dal Cin
- Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Lynette M Sholl
- Department of Pathology of Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - Thomas M Ulbright
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health Partners, Indianapolis, IN
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25
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Shen D, Li Y, Zhang Y, Chang X, Zhao X, Li J, Zhang X, Guo G. Seminoma arising in splenogonadal fusion: a case report and literature review. Diagn Pathol 2023; 18:42. [PMID: 36998078 PMCID: PMC10064669 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Splenogonadal fusion (SGF) is a rare congenital malformation in which the spleen is abnormally connected to the gonads or to the mesonephric derivatives. There is no obvious causality between SGF and testicular neoplasm. However, cryptorchidism, which is a well-known risk factor of testicular germ cell tumors, are the most frequent malformations associated with SGF. To our knowledge, there are only four reported cases of SGF associated with testicular neoplasm so far. Herein, we reported a patient of this condition, and briefly reviewed the related literature. CASE PRESENTATION A 48-year-old man was diagnosed with bilateral cryptorchidism 30 years prior, and only underwent a right orchiopexy for the left testicle could not be explored during the operation. At that time, doctors failed to realize the possibility of SGF due to the lack of sufficient knowledge of this condition. This time, the patient was treated for a left abdomen mass that was diagnosed as stage III metastatic seminoma. Then, a right orchiectomy, robot-assisted laparoscopic left retroperitoneal tumor resection, and left retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed after four cycles of BEP (bleomycin + etoposide + cisplatin) systemic chemotherapy in our center. The final diagnosis of SGF was made by postoperative pathology. The patient was re-examined in our center at 3 months and 6 months after the operation, and no obvious abnormalities were found. CONCLUSIONS Surgeons should always bear in mind the possibility of association between bilateral cryptorchidism and splenogonadal fusion to avoid malignant transformation caused by delayed treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Shen
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 69 Yong Ding Rd, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 69 Yong Ding Rd, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 69 Yong Ding Rd, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao Chang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 69 Yong Ding Rd, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xupeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 69 Yong Ding Rd, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 69 Yong Ding Rd, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 69 Yong Ding Rd, Beijing, 100039, China.
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26
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Du X, Liu H, Tian Z, Zhang S, Shi L, Wang Y, Guo X, Zhang B, Yuan S, Zeng X, Zhang H. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway mediated-cell cycle dysregulation contribute to malignant proliferation of mouse spermatogonia induced by microcystin-leucine arginine. Environ Toxicol 2023; 38:343-358. [PMID: 36288207 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental cyanotoxin exposure may be a trigger of testicular cancer. Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is the critical molecular event in testicular carcinogenesis. As a widespread cyanotoxin, microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is known to induce cell malignant transformation and tumorigenesis. However, the effects of MC-LR on the regulatory mechanism of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in seminoma, the most common testicular tumor, are unknown. In this study, mouse spermatogonia cell line (GC-1) and nude mice were used to investigate the effects and mechanisms of MC-LR on the malignant transformation of spermatogonia by nude mouse tumorigenesis assay, cell migration invasion assay, western blot, and cell cycle assay, and so forth. The results showed that, after continuous exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of MC-LR (20 nM) for 35 generations, the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of GC-1 cells were increased by 120%, 340%, and 370%, respectively. In nude mice, MC-LR-treated GC-1 cells formed tumors with significantly greater volume (0.998 ± 0.768 cm3 ) and weight (0.637 ± 0.406 g) than the control group (0.067 ± 0.039 cm3 ; 0.094 ± 0.087 g) (P < .05). Furthermore, PI3K inhibitor Wortmannin inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and its downstream proteins (c-MYC, CDK4, CCND1, and MMP14) activated by MC-LR. Blocking PI3K alleviated MC-LR-induced cell cycle disorder and malignant proliferation, migration and invasive of GC-1 cells. Altogether, our findings suggest that MC-LR can induce malignant transformation of mouse spermatogonia, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated cell cycle dysregulation may be an important target for malignant proliferation. This study provides clues to further reveal the etiology and pathogenesis of seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingde Du
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Tian
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linjia Shi
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongshui Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Guo
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingyu Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shumeng Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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27
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Almutairi F, Geisler D, Rammal R, Korentzelos D, Bastacky S, Dhir R, Bhattu A, Quiroga-Garza GM. Malignant germ cell tumors in men aged 50 years and over are associated with adverse pathologic features and higher stage at presentation. Ann Diagn Pathol 2023; 62:152070. [PMID: 36495736 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2022.152070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germ cell tumors (GCT) are the most common malignancy in men in the third and fourth decades of life. The occurrence of malignant GCT in men aged 50 years or over is rare, and their histopathologic characteristics and outcome is insufficiently characterized in the medical literature. Hence, we report the histopathologic features and clinical outcome of malignant GCTs in men aged ≥50 years at our institution. DESIGN We performed a retrospective search of our database from 2005 to 2021 to identify men aged 50 years or older with malignant GCT. Cases of spermatocytic tumor were excluded. Clinical and histopathologic features of the tumors were reviewed. RESULTS Forty-seven cases were identified, showing a sharp decline in incidence over the age of 65. Thirty-nine (83 %) tumors were testicular while eight (17 %) were non-testicular in presentation. Cases included 26 (55 %) seminomas, 15 (32 %) non-seminoma/mixed malignant GCT, and 5 (11 %) regressed testicular germ cell tumors. The most common component in mixed malignant GCTs was embryonal carcinoma (77 %), followed by seminoma and yolk sac tumor (62 % each). Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) accompanied 57 % of the cases. Aggressive pathologic features, including lymphovascular invasion, retroperitoneal/lymph node involvement and higher stage at presentation, were identified in a significant proportion of cases (36/47, 77 %). Clinical follow up showed six patients (14 %) died of disease-related causes. CONCLUSION Our findings expand and corroborate the previously reported data on malignant GCT in older men. Unique characteristics include tendency for higher stage at presentation with adverse pathologic features and more aggressive clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Almutairi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Rayan Rammal
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Dimitrios Korentzelos
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sheldon Bastacky
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Amit Bhattu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Gabriela M Quiroga-Garza
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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28
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Stephan A, Kotthoff M, Bremmer F, Nettersheim D. [Current view on testicular tumors from a developmental biological perspective : Important biomarkers and molecular pathological investigations]. Pathologie (Heidelb) 2022; 43:409-415. [PMID: 35925316 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-022-01094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common type of cancer in Germany in young men between 15 and 44 years of age. The routinely performed diagnostic procedures are essential for the patient's treatment, but can be difficult due to heterogenous histologies. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms of the development of the special forms growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) and testicular tumors with malignant somatic transformation (MST) as well as of therapy resistance are not fully understood. OBJECTIVES Updated understanding of the molecular processes underlying GCT development and their special forms as well as recommendations for new and useful biomarkers. RESULTS The development of GCTs is a dynamic process largely influenced by the microenvironment. Seminomas (SEs) in particular seem to posses a higher cellular plasticity than previously assumed, allowing SEs to be reprogrammed into an embryonal carcinoma (EC) or differentiate into extra-embryonal tissues (yolk sac tumors [YSTs], trophoblastic differentiation). Novel serological (mi371a-3p) and pathological (FOXA2) biomarkers are well suited to early detect GCTs and YSTs, respectively. For more aggressive tumors and special cases (GTS, MST), there are still no reliable diagnostics or specific/tailored therapies available. CONCLUSION The ability of SEs to transit into EC or YSTs should be considered during therapy. Future research should focus on deciphering the special forms GTS and MST as well as the early recognition of YSTs, since their development seems to be an escape mechanism to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Stephan
- Klinik für Urologie, Urologisches Forschungslabor, Translationale UroOnkologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Mara Kotthoff
- Klinik für Urologie, Urologisches Forschungslabor, Translationale UroOnkologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Felix Bremmer
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Klinik für Urologie, Urologisches Forschungslabor, Translationale UroOnkologie, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
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29
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Berney DM, Cree I, Rao V, Moch H, Srigley JR, Tsuzuki T, Amin MB, Comperat EM, Hartmann A, Menon S, Netto GJ, Rubin MA, Turajlic S, Raspollini MR, Tickoo SK. An introduction to the WHO 5th edition 2022 classification of testicular tumours. Histopathology 2022; 81:459-466. [PMID: 35502823 PMCID: PMC9544657 DOI: 10.1111/his.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 5th edition of the World Health Organisation Blue Book was published recently and includes a comprehensive update on testicular tumours. This builds upon the work of the 4th edition, retaining its structure and main nomenclature, including the use of the term 'germ cell neoplasia in situ' (GCNIS) for the pre-invasive lesion of most germ cell tumours and division from those not derived from GCNIS. While there have been important developments in understanding the molecular underpinnings of testicular cancer, this updated classification paradigm and approach remains rooted in morphology. Nomenclature changes include replacement of the term 'primitive neuroectodermal tumour' by 'embryonic neuroectodermal tumour' based on the non-specificity of the former term and to separate these tumours clearly from Ewing sarcoma. Seminoma is placed in a germinoma family of tumours emphasising relation to those tumours at other sites. Criteria for the diagnosis of 'teratoma with somatic transformation' have been modified to not include variable field size assessments. The word 'carcinoid' has been changed to 'neuroendocrine tumour', with most examples in the testis now classified as 'prepubertal type testicular neuroendocrine tumour'. For sex cord-stromal tumours, the use of mitotic counts per high-power field has been changed to per mm2 for malignancy assessments, and the new entities, 'signet ring stromal tumour' and 'myoid gonadal stromal tumour', are defined. Well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumour has now been defined as tumour type with a favourable prognosis. Sertoliform cystadenoma has been removed as an entity from testicular adnexal tumours and placed with Sertoli cell tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Berney
- Department of Molecular OncologyBarts Cancer Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL and Barts Health NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Ian Cree
- WHO Classification of Tumours GroupInternational Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health OrganizationLyonFrance
| | - Vishal Rao
- Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research InstituteHyderabadIndia
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular PathologyUniversity Hospital Zurich and University ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Toyonori Tsuzuki
- Department of Surgical PathologyAichi Medical University, School of MedicineNagakuteJapan
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineThe University of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTNUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Southern California, Keck School of MedicineLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Eva M Comperat
- Department of PathologyGeneral Hospital, Medical UniversityViennaAustria
- Department of Pathology Tenon HospitalSorbonne UniversityParisFrance
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander UniversityErlangenGermany
| | - Santosh Menon
- Tata Memorial CentreHomi Bhabha National InstituteMumbaiIndia
| | - George J Netto
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, PathologyBirminghamALUSA
| | - Mark A Rubin
- University of Bern, Director of the Department for BioMedical ResearchBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Maria R Raspollini
- Histopathology and Molecular DiagnosticsUniversity Hospital CareggiFlorenceItaly
| | - Satish K Tickoo
- Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center, PathologyNew YorkNYUSA
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Grasso C, Popovic M, Isaevska E, Lazzarato F, Fiano V, Zugna D, Pluta J, Weathers B, D’Andrea K, Almstrup K, Anson-Cartwright L, Bishop DT, Chanock SJ, Chen C, Cortessis VK, Dalgaard MD, Daneshmand S, Ferlin A, Foresta C, Frone MN, Gamulin M, Gietema JA, Greene MH, Grotmol T, Hamilton RJ, Haugen TB, Hauser R, Karlsson R, Kiemeney LA, Lessel D, Lista P, Lothe RA, Loveday C, Meijer C, Nead KT, Nsengimana J, Skotheim RI, Turnbull C, Vaughn DJ, Wiklund F, Zheng T, Zitella A, Schwartz SM, McGlynn KA, Kanetsky PA, Nathanson KL, Richiardi L. Association Study between Polymorphisms in DNA Methylation-Related Genes and Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1769-1779. [PMID: 35700037 PMCID: PMC9444936 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), histologically classified as seminomas and nonseminomas, are believed to arise from primordial gonocytes, with the maturation process blocked when they are subjected to DNA methylation reprogramming. SNPs in DNA methylation machinery and folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism genes have been postulated to influence the proper establishment of DNA methylation. METHODS In this pathway-focused investigation, we evaluated the association between 273 selected tag SNPs from 28 DNA methylation-related genes and TGCT risk. We carried out association analysis at individual SNP and gene-based level using summary statistics from the Genome Wide Association Study meta-analysis recently conducted by the international Testicular Cancer Consortium on 10,156 TGCT cases and 179,683 controls. RESULTS In individual SNP analyses, seven SNPs, four mapping within MTHFR, were associated with TGCT risk after correction for multiple testing (q ≤ 0.05). Queries of public databases showed that three of these SNPs were associated with MTHFR changes in enzymatic activity (rs1801133) or expression level in testis tissue (rs12121543, rs1476413). Gene-based analyses revealed MTHFR (q = 8.4 × 10-4), methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2; q = 2 × 10-3), and ZBTB4 (q = 0.03) as the top TGCT-associated genes. Stratifying by tumor histology, four MTHFR SNPs were associated with seminoma. In gene-based analysis MTHFR was associated with risk of seminoma (q = 2.8 × 10-4), but not with nonseminomatous tumors (q = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants within MTHFR, potentially having an impact on the DNA methylation pattern, are associated with TGCT risk. IMPACT This finding suggests that TGCT pathogenesis could be associated with the folate cycle status, and this relation could be partly due to hereditary factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Grasso
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Maja Popovic
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Isaevska
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Fulvio Lazzarato
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiano
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Zugna
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
| | - John Pluta
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benita Weathers
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt D’Andrea
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristian Almstrup
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lynn Anson-Cartwright
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Toronto and The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Victoria K. Cortessis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlene D. Dalgaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Siamak Daneshmand
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Megan N. Frone
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marija Gamulin
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jourik A. Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H. Greene
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tom Grotmol
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert J. Hamilton
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Toronto and The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trine B. Haugen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrizia Lista
- Division of Medical Oncology1, AOU “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, Turin, Italy
| | - Ragnhild A. Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chey Loveday
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Coby Meijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin T. Nead
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jérémie Nsengimana
- Biostatistics Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Rolf I. Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Clare Turnbull
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Vaughn
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrea Zitella
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Science, AOU “Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stephen M. Schwartz
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter A. Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piedmont, Turin, Italy
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O'Dell N, O'Dell JH, Van der Weyden L. Widespread metastasis of a spermatocytic seminoma with concomitant hepatic peliosis in a Southern African hedgehog ( Atelerix frontalis). J S Afr Vet Assoc 2022; 93:41-44. [PMID: 35950811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A six-year-old intact male Southern African hedgehog (Atelerix frontalis) presented with a history of chronic mild to moderate weight loss, and sub-acute hind limb ataxia that progressed to complete paralysis, at which point the hedgehog was euthanised. At autopsy, a large multinodular pale mass had completely replaced the left testicle and transcoelomically metastasised to the diaphragm and the peri-renal area, from where it then invaded the vertebral column and spinal cord. Multifocal, irregular to round, well-demarcated, blood-filled, proliferative lesions were also present in the hepatic parenchyma. Histological analysis of both the testis and metastatic lesions revealed diffuse sheets of neoplastic cells with moderate pale cytoplasm, large irregular to round nuclei and mostly one prominent magenta nucleolus, consistent with metastatic seminoma. The neoplastic cells were negative for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain and positive for CD117 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Taken together with the morphology of the neoplastic cells and the advanced age of the animal, this is suggestive of a spermatocytic seminoma. Histological analysis of the liver revealed multifocal lesions consisting of large anastomosing blood-filled spaces bordered by compressed hepatocytes, consistent with hepatic peliosis. This is the first report of a neoplasm in the Southern African hedgehog (Atelerix frontalis), the first report of a metastatic seminoma in a hedgehog, together with diagnosis of spermatocytic subtype, and the first report of a hedgehog with concomitant hepatic peliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O'Dell
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa and Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J H O'Dell
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Research, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa and Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - L Van der Weyden
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, United Kingdom
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Shi D, Chen C, Huang H, Tian J, Zhou J, Jin S. Primary seminoma of prostate in a patient with Klinefelter syndrome: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29117. [PMID: 35512069 PMCID: PMC9276372 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is a sex differentiation syndrome that occurs in men and is characterized by the 47XXY genotype. An association between KS and cancer has also been reported. The occurrence of seminoma of the prostate in KS has not been reported in the literature to date. Primary seminoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of prostate neoplasms in patients with KS. PATIENT CONCERNS A 39-year-old man presenting with urinary retention was admitted to our hospital. Physical examination revealed sparse pubic hairs, atrophic testes, and an underdeveloped penis. Hormonal examination revealed significantly lowered serum testosterone levels and markedly higher follicle-stimulating hormone levels. A chromosomal examination was performed. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging imaging showed a neoplasm in the left lobe of the prostate, and immunohistochemical examination of a transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate was performed. DIAGNOSES Chromosomal examination was exhibited a 47 XXY genotype. Histopathology and of Immunohistochemistry of the transrectal needle biopsy specimen confirmed a seminoma. No other neoplasm was found on systemic examination; therefore, the patient was diagnosed with primary prostate seminoma and Klinefelter syndrome. INTERVENTIONS The patient refused any treatment except catheterization because of religious reason. OUTCOMES The patient died 2 years later. LESSONS Primary seminoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of neoplasms of the prostate in patients with KS. Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy is essential for the diagnosis of prostate neoplasms, and cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncheng Shi
- Department of Urology, Xifeng People's Hospital, Huayuan East Road, Xifeng County, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Changjian Chen
- Department of Urology, Xifeng People's Hospital, Huayuan East Road, Xifeng County, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Huagang Huang
- Department of Urology, Shougang Shuigang General Hospital, Chayelin Road, Zhongshan District, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Jingyu Tian
- Department of Urology, Shougang Shuigang General Hospital, Chayelin Road, Zhongshan District, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Jianfang Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shougang Shuigang General Hospital, Chayelin Road, Zhongshan District, Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Shihua Jin
- Department of Urology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, No. 10 Yangfangdian Road, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
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Oldenburg J, Berney DM, Bokemeyer C, Climent MA, Daugaard G, Gietema JA, De Giorgi U, Haugnes HS, Huddart RA, Leão R, Sohaib A, Gillessen S, Powles T. Testicular seminoma and non-seminoma: ESMO-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:362-375. [PMID: 35065204 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Oldenburg
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - D M Berney
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London; Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - C Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation with section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M A Climent
- Fundacion Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, València, Spain
| | - G Daugaard
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J A Gietema
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - U De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST),'Dino Amadori', Meldola, Italy
| | - H S Haugnes
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway and UiT-The Arctic University, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - R A Huddart
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Leão
- Department of Urology, Hospital de Braga, Hospital CUF Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Sohaib
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - S Gillessen
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Bellinzona; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland; Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - T Powles
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Alifrangis C, Sharma A, Chowdhury S, Duncan S, Milic M, Gogbashian A, Agarwal S, Sahdev A, Wilson P, Harland S, Stoneham S, Lockley M, Rustin G, Oliver T, Berney D, Shamash J. Single-agent carboplatin AUC10 in metastatic seminoma: A multi-centre UK study of 216 patients. Eur J Cancer 2022; 164:105-113. [PMID: 33041185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy and cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy are accepted standard-of-care treatments for metastatic seminoma with excellent survival outcomes but with established short- and long-term morbidity. Carboplatin monotherapy may be a less toxic alternative; however early historic studies at AUC7 showed inferior outcomes. OBJECTIVES To evaluate multi-institutional data on and toxicity and longer-term survival for metastatic seminoma patients treated with the single-agent carboplatin AUC10. METHODS We undertook a multi-institutional analysis incorporating all men with the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group good-prognosis metastatic seminoma treated until 2018. Carboplatin AUC10 was given every 21 days. Toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival were noted. Variables predictive of progression were identified. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS 216 patients were treated. The three-year PFS rate was 96.5%, and five-year DSS was 98.3%. There were seven relapses, of which 5 were successfully salvaged with further chemotherapy ± surgery, and three non-seminoma-related deaths. There were no treatment-related deaths. Of 148/216 evaluable patients for toxicity, 37% and 27% suffered >/ = grade III neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, respectively. Twelve percent of patients needed a platelet or blood transfusion (or both). The incidence of febrile neutropenia was 5%. CONCLUSION For metastatic seminoma, carboplatin AUC10 harbours a similar oncological efficacy to established therapies, with a low failure risk. The major acute toxicity was myelosuppression. Our study establishes carboplatin AUC10 as another standard-of-care treatment option for good-prognosis metastatic seminoma, with a potentially lower toxicity profile than other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Alifrangis
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, NW1 2BU, UK; Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Anand Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Shafi Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Sarah Duncan
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Marina Milic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Andrew Gogbashian
- Department of Radiology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Paul Strickland Scanner Centre, Northwood, HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Samita Agarwal
- Department of Histopathology, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Lister Hospital Stevenage, SG1 4AB, UK
| | - Anju Sahdev
- Department of Radiology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Peter Wilson
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | | | - Sara Stoneham
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, NW1 2BU, UK
| | - Michelle Lockley
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, NW1 2BU, UK; Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Gordon Rustin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Timothy Oliver
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Daniel Berney
- Department of Histopathology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Jonathan Shamash
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK.
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Wei Q, DA Z, Ciren QZ, Huo Z, Zuo P. [Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome with Bilateral Cryptorchidism and Seminoma in Tibet:Report of One Case]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 2022; 44:173-176. [PMID: 35300781 DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000-503x.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Androgen insensitivity syndrome(AIS)with bilateral testicular malignant transformation is very rare,and its diagnosis should be based on clinical manifestations,physical examination,serological findings,karyotype analysis,and pathological findings.This study reported a case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome among Tibetan in Tibet.It took 17 years from the discovery of congenital absence of uterus to bilateral pelvic mass resection.Pathological examination confirmed that bilateral pelvic space occupying lesions were dysplastic testicular tissue with seminoma and sertoli cell adenoma-like nodules.This study summarized the clinicopathological features to deepen the understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wei
- Department of Pathology,Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital,Lhasa 850000,China
| | - Zhen DA
- Department of Pathology,Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital,Lhasa 850000,China
| | - Qu-Zhen Ciren
- Department of Pathology,Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital,Lhasa 850000,China
| | - Zhen Huo
- Department of Pathology,PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China
| | - Peng Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,Peking University People's Hospital,Beijing 100044,China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy amongst young men, and a large proportion present with stage I disease. The options for management following radical orchiectomy are multifold. We review here approaches to treatment in this setting, providing an update on recent publications. RECENT FINDINGS At Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, we maintain a nonrisk adapted active surveillance approach. With a dedicated surveillance program using low-dose computed tomography imaging, patients are appropriately identified early for treatment on relapse. There are ongoing investigations into minimizing toxicities of treatments for relapse, and in particular, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) presents an attractive alternative. This, though, remains investigational in the setting of seminoma. SUMMARY Testicular cancer is a highly curable malignancy. In stage I disease, an active surveillance approach following radical orchiectomy is preferred, irrespective of risk-profile. This approach serves to limit the toxicity of adjuvant treatment in a significant proportion of patients, while maintaining excellent survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerusha Padayachee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto
| | - Roderick Clark
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Padraig Warde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto
| | - Robert J Hamilton
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Saeednejad Zanjani L, Razmi M, Fattahi F, Kalantari E, Abolhasani M, Saki S, Madjd Z, Mohsenzadegan M. Overexpression of melanoma-associated antigen A2 has a clinical significance in embryonal carcinoma and is associated with tumor progression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:609-631. [PMID: 34837545 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Melanoma-associated antigen A2 (MAGE-A2) is a member of the cancer-testis antigen family differentially overexpressed in a variety of malignancies and is associated with tumor development. However, clinical significance and prognostic value of MAGE-A2 in different histological subtypes of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) have not been explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and prognostic impact of MAGE-A2 expression in TGCTs compared to benign tumors as well as adjacent normal tissues and then between seminomas and non-seminomas groups using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. RESULTS The results indicated a statistically significant difference between overexpression of MAGE-A2 and histological subtypes of TGCTs. A statistically significant association was found between a high level of nuclear expression of MAGE-A2 protein and advanced pT stage (P = 0.022), vascular invasion (P = 0.037), as well as involvement of rete testis (P = 0.022) in embryonal carcinomas. Increased nuclear expression of MAGE-A2 was observed to be associated with more aggressive behaviors and tumor progression rather than cytoplasmic expression in these cases. Further, high level nuclear expression of MAGE-A2 had shorter disease-specific survival (DSS) or progression-free survival (PFS) compared to patients with moderate and low expression of MAGE-A2, however, without a statistically significant association. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that increased nuclear expression of MAGE-A2 has a clinical significance in embryonal carcinomas and is associated with progression of disease. Moreover, MAGE-A2 may act as a potential predictive biomarker for the prognosis in embryonal carcinomas if follow-up period becomes longer. Further investigations for the biological function of MAGE-A2 are required in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdieh Razmi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Fattahi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Kalantari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Saki
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Holmes C, Loo PS, Barnard S. Primary mediastinal seminoma with florid follicular lymphoid hyperplasia: a case report and review of the literature. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:76. [PMID: 34419077 PMCID: PMC8380391 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First described in 1955 Primary mediastinal seminomas are rare. Only 1-4% of mediastinal tumours are germ cell tumors; majority of which are teratomas. They typically present in men aged between 20 and 40 years. Very few cases are reported in the literature. Florid follicular lymphoid hyperplasia can obscure the malignant cells and is a rarer finding still. We present a rare case of a 48 year old man with a primary mediastinal seminoma with florid follicular lymphoid hyperplasia; found following excision of a clinically presumed thymoma. CASE PRESENTATION A 48 year old man was referred for excision of a thymic mass. The presumed diagnosis was a thymoma; following preoperative investigations. The mass was incidentally found on a radiological imaging. However, the patient did report mid-sternal discomfort on lying flat and breathlessness. The patient underwent a thymectomy via a partial median sternotomy with good recovery. Histological assessment was that the mass was in fact a primary mediastinal seminoma with florid follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. A primary testicular malignancy was excluded and the patient required no further oncological treatment. CONCLUSIONS Only 11 cases have previously been reported of primary mediastinal seminoma with florid follicular lymphoid hyperplasia. Although rare, a primary mediastinal seminoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis for presentations with a thymic mass. Tumour markers can be helpful, however are only positive in third of cases. Ultrasound imaging of the gonads is essential to exclude a primary gonadal lesion. Pure seminomas are radiotherapy and chemotherapy sensitive however the mainstay treatment of primary mediastinal seminomas remains surgical excision. Radiotherapy is reserved postoperatively for incomplete surgical margins.
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Abdul-Muhsin H, Rocco N, Navaratnam A, Woods M, L'Esperance J, Castle E, Stroup S. Outcomes of post-chemotherapy robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in testicular cancer: multi-institutional study. World J Urol 2021; 39:3833-3838. [PMID: 33959785 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the perioperative and oncological outcomes after post-chemotherapy robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RARPLND). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reported the perioperative and oncological outcomes of all the patients with testicular cancer who underwent PC-RARPLND at three tertiary teaching centers. Descriptive statistical measures were used to report demographic, clinical, intraoperative, postoperative and oncological outcomes. RESULTS There were 43 consecutive patients who underwent PC-RARPLND at the participating institutions. Mean patient age was 29.2 years (± 8.2), BMI was 26.6 kg/m2 (± 6.2). The mean size of retroperitoneal mass was 4.1 cm (± 3.5). Full bilateral template dissection was performed in 38 (88.3%) patients. Nerve sparing was attempted in 19 (44.1%) patients. Mean operative time was 374 min (± 132) and estimated blood loss was 292 ml (± 445.6). The mean postoperative LOS was 2.8 days (± 5.9). There was a total of 12 complications in 10 patients (Clavien grade I = 5, II = 3, III = 3 and IV = 1). Postoperative pathology demonstrated 24 patients (55%) with necrosis/fibrosis, 16 (37%) with teratoma and 3 (7%) with viable tumor. Mean lymph node (LN) yield was 26.5 LNs (SD ± 16.1). Patients were followed for a mean of 30.7 months (± 24.7). No deaths were documented during follow-up and 2 pulmonary recurrences were identified. Antegrade ejaculation was preserved in 70.6% of patient who underwent nerve sparing. Limitations included retrospective nature and limited follow up. CONCLUSION PC-RAPLND is safe and technically reproducible. It provides improved morbidity and less convalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidar Abdul-Muhsin
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.
| | - Nicholas Rocco
- Department of Urology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anojan Navaratnam
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Michael Woods
- Department of Urology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L'Esperance
- Department of Urology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Erik Castle
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sean Stroup
- Department of Urology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Grach SL, Saliba AN, Costello BA. 40-Year-Old Man With Left Leg Swelling and Abdominal Pain. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:782-787. [PMID: 33673926 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Grach
- Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester, MN
| | - Antoine N Saliba
- Resident in Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester, MN
| | - Brian A Costello
- Advisor to residents and Consultant in Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Wu J, Ji YB, Tang BW, Brown M, Wang BH, Du CL, Du JS, Wang XM, Cai LJ, Wu GY, Zhou Y. Assessment of Prognostic Factors of Racial Disparities in Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Survival in the United States (1992-2015). Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:152-162. [PMID: 33685574 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most common cancer among men aged 15 to 39 years. Previous studies have considered factors related to TGCT survival rate and race/ethnicity, but histological type of the diagnosed cancer has not yet been thoroughly assessed. METHODS The data came from 42,854 eligible patients from 1992 to 2015 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results 18. Frequencies and column percent by seminoma and nonseminoma subtypes were determined for each covariates. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to assess the impact of multiple factors on post-diagnostic mortality of TGCT. RESULTS Black males were diagnosed at a later stage, more commonly with local or distant metastases. The incidence of TGCT in black non-seminoma tumors increased most significantly. The difference in survival rates between different ethnic and histological subtypes, overall survival (OS) in patients with non-seminoma was significantly worse than in patients with seminoma. The most important quantitative predictor of death was the stage at the time of diagnosis, and older diagnostic age is also important factor affecting mortality. CONCLUSION Histological type of testicular germ cell tumor is an important factor in determining the prognosis of testicular cancer in males of different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi Bing Ji
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bi Wei Tang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Matthew Brown
- National Cancer Insitiute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, Maryland, United States
| | - Bao Hua Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chen Lei Du
- National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Shu Du
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xue Mei Wang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li Jun Cai
- Shanghai Topgen Biopharm Technology Co.,Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo Yi Wu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 200000, China
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Vigodner M, Lucas B, Kemeny S, Schwartz T, Levy R. Identification of sumoylated targets in proliferating mouse spermatogonia and human testicular seminomas. Asian J Androl 2020; 22:569-577. [PMID: 32217837 PMCID: PMC7705977 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_11_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is regulated by a complex network of posttranslation modifications. Sumoylation (a modification by small ubiquitin-like modifiers, or SUMO proteins) was identified as an important cellular event in different cell types. SUMO proteins are highly expressed in the testis, and their role during spermatogenesis has begun to be elucidated. Given the important role of sumoylation in the regulation of mitosis and cancer progression in other tissues, the aim of the current study was to identify the targets of SUMO in proliferating mouse spermatogonia and human seminoma tissues and to initially examine the level of sumoylation in relation to the proliferative activity of the tissues. Using freshly purified spermatogonia and C18-4 spermatogonia cell line, mass spectrometry analysis identified several SUMO targets implicated into the proliferation of spermatogonia (such as heat shock protein 60 [HSP60] and prohibitin). Tissue array and western blot approaches showed that SUMO expression is a prominent feature of human seminomas and that the proliferative activity of the tumor tissues was positively correlated with the level of SUMO expression. Downregulation of sumoylation with si-RNA was not sufficient to significantly affect the proliferation of C18-4 spermatogonia; however, SUMO overexpression increased the proliferation rate of the cells. These data suggest that cells are more sensitive to an elevated level of SUMO, and that this situation may lead to an upregulated cellular proliferation and, possibly, cancer. Mass spectrometry analysis identified around a hundred SUMO targets in seminoma samples. Notably, many of the identified proteins (such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha [Top2A], prohibitin, 14-3-3 protein, and others) were implicated in oncogenic transformation and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Vigodner
- Department of Biology, Stern College, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Benjamin Lucas
- Department of Biology, Stern College, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stav Kemeny
- Department of Biology, Stern College, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tamar Schwartz
- Department of Biology, Stern College, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rebecca Levy
- Department of Biology, Stern College, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
RATIONALE Ovotesticular disorder of sex development (DSD), previously known as true hermaphroditism, is a disorder in which individuals have both testicular and ovarian tissues. Instances of tumors arising in the gonads of individuals with 46,XX ovotesticular DSD are uncommon. PATIENT CONCERNS We report a case of a 36-year-old phenotypical male with a chief complaint of an abdominal mass for 3 months. He reported normal erections and regular menses. Computerized tomography showed a large tumor measuring 15 × 10 cm in size, a uterus, and a cystic ovary. DIAGNOSIS 46, XX ovotesticular DSD with seminoma. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with neochemotherapy (etoposide and cisplatin), surgery, chemotherapy, and testosterone replacement. OUTCOMES At the 13-month follow-up, the patient reported satisfactory erections, and no evidence of disease was found. CONCLUSION Cases of 46,XX ovotesticular DSD with seminoma are uncommon. Our case reveals the importance of surgery combined with neochemotherapy, chemotherapy, and testosterone replacement in these patients to improve the prognosis.
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Marini M, Tani A, Manetti M, Sgambati E. Characterization and distribution of sialic acids in human testicular seminoma. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151532. [PMID: 32143917 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant content of sialic acids (Sias) has been observed in various human cancer types in different organs. Sias have been implicated in cancerous transformation, invasiveness and metastasis, and in the escaping of cancer cells from immune surveillance. Indeed, Sias are commonly regarded as important biomarkers to distinguish cancer cells from their healthy counterparts. However, scarce and not exhaustive investigations have been performed on Sia content in testicular cancers and, in particular, in seminoma, one of the most common malignant testicular tumors. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the content and distribution of Sias with different glycosidic linkage, namely α2,3 and α2,6 galactose- or N-acetyl-galactosamine-linked Sias and polymeric Sia (polySia), in the germinal and stromal components of human testes affected by seminoma compared to normal testicular tissue. Structural changes in seminoma tissue were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. α2,3 and α2,6 linked Sias were evaluated by lectin histochemistry (Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA)), while confocal immunofluorescence was used for polySia detection. Histopathological findings in seminoma tissue included loss of seminiferous tubules replaced by clusters of uniform polygonal cells with a clear cytoplasm, bundles of fibrotic tissue, numerous microvessels and some atrophic tubules. The content of α2,3 and α2,6 linked Sias was lost in almost all seminoma components respect to normal tissue, with the exception of microvessels in which it was higher. On the contrary, polySia level was increased in all the seminoma components compared to normal testicular tissue. Our findings suggest that an aberrant content of different Sias might have important and differential roles in seminoma development and progression. In particular, polySia might be implicated in seminoma progression by promoting cancer invasiveness and regulating the cross-talk between cancer cells, reactive stroma and vessels. Thus, the possibility that polySia might represent an important biomarker for seminoma deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Sgambati
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (Isernia), Italy.
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Jostes SV, Fellermeyer M, Arévalo L, Merges GE, Kristiansen G, Nettersheim D, Schorle H. Unique and redundant roles of SOX2 and SOX17 in regulating the germ cell tumor fate. Int J Cancer 2020; 146:1592-1605. [PMID: 31583686 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Embryonal carcinomas (ECs) and seminomas are testicular germ cell tumors. ECs display expression of SOX2, while seminomas display expression of SOX17. In somatic differentiation, SOX17 drives endodermal cell fate. However, seminomas lack expression of endoderm markers, but show features of pluripotency. Here, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing to report and compare the binding pattern of SOX17 in seminoma-like TCam-2 cells to SOX17 in somatic cells and SOX2 in EC-like 2102EP cells. In seminoma-like cells, SOX17 was detected at canonical (SOX2/OCT4), compressed (SOX17/OCT4) and noncomposite SOX motifs. SOX17 regulates TFAP2C, PRDM1 and PRDM14, thereby maintaining latent pluripotency and suppressing somatic differentiation. In contrast, in somatic cells canonical motifs are rarely bound by SOX17. In sum, only 12% of SOX17-binding sites overlap in seminoma-like and somatic cells. This illustrates that binding site choice is highly dynamic and cell type specific. Deletion of SOX17 in seminoma-like cells resulted in loss of pluripotency, marked by a reduction of OCT4 protein level and loss of alkaline phosphatase activity. Furthermore, we found that in EC-like cells SOX2 regulates pluripotency-associated genes, most likely by partnering with OCT4. In conclusion, SOX17 (in seminomas) functionally replaces SOX2 (in ECs) to maintain expression of the pluripotency cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina V Jostes
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Fellermeyer
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Arévalo
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gina E Merges
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Urological Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, Translational Urooncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
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Cullen M, Huddart R, Joffe J, Gardiner D, Maynard L, Hutton P, Mazhar D, Shamash J, Wheater M, White J, Goubar A, Porta N, Witts S, Lewis R, Hall E. The 111 Study: A Single-arm, Phase 3 Trial Evaluating One Cycle of Bleomycin, Etoposide, and Cisplatin as Adjuvant Chemotherapy in High-risk, Stage 1 Nonseminomatous or Combined Germ Cell Tumours of the Testis. Eur Urol 2020; 77:344-351. [PMID: 31901440 PMCID: PMC7026695 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard management in the UK for high-risk stage 1 nonseminoma germ cell tumours of the testis (NSGCTT) is two cycles of adjuvant bleomycin, etoposide (360 mg/m2), and cisplatin (BE360P) chemotherapy, or surveillance. OBJECTIVE To test whether one cycle of BE500P achieves similar recurrence rates to two cycles of BE360P. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 246 patients with vascular invasion-positive stage 1 NSGCTT or combined seminoma + NSGCTT were centrally registered in a single-arm prospective study. INTERVENTION One cycle comprising bleomycin 30000 IU on days 1, 8, and 15, etoposide 165 mg/m2 on days 1-3, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on days 1-2, plus antibacterial and granulocyte colony stimulating factor prophylaxis. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The primary endpoint was 2-yr malignant recurrence (MR); the aim was to exclude a rate of ≥5%. Participants had regular imaging and tumour marker (TM) assessment for 5 yr. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The median follow-up was 49 mo (interquartile range 37-60). Ten patients with rising TMs at baseline were excluded. Four patients had MR at 6, 7, 13, and 27 mo; all received second-line chemotherapy and surgery and three remained recurrence-free at 5 yr. The 2-yr MR rate was 1.3% (95% confidence interval 0.3-3.7%). Three patients developed nonmalignant recurrences with localised teratoma differentiated, rendered disease-free after surgery. Grade 3-4 febrile neutropenia occurred in 6.8% of participants. CONCLUSIONS BE500P is safe and the 2-yr MR rate is consistent with that seen following two BE360P cycles. The 111 study is the largest prospective trial investigating one cycle of adjuvant BE500P in high-risk stage 1 NSGCTT. Adoption of one cycle of BE500P as standard would reduce overall exposure to chemotherapy in this young population. PATIENT SUMMARY Removing the testicle fails to cure many patients with high-risk primary testicular cancer since undetectable cancers are often present elsewhere. A standard additional treatment in Europe is two cycles of chemotherapy to eradicate these. This trial shows one cycle has few adverse effects and comparable outcomes to those seen with two cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cullen
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Robert Huddart
- The Institute Of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | | | - Deborah Gardiner
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lauren Maynard
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul Hutton
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Danish Mazhar
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Matthew Wheater
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jeff White
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aicha Goubar
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nuria Porta
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Witts
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Emma Hall
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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47
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Marini M, Ibba-Manneschi L, Rosa I, Sgambati E, Manetti M. Changes in the telocyte/CD34+ stromal cell and α-SMA+ myoid cell networks in human testicular seminoma. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:151442. [PMID: 31540712 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Telocytes (TCs), also known as CD34+ stromal/interstitial cells, have recently been identified within the connective tissue of a variety of organs including the normal human testis. Testicular TCs appear to constitute a widespread reticular network distributed either in the peritubular or in the intertubular stromal spaces where they have been suggested to play different roles, such as participation to testis morphogenesis, postnatal preservation of the normal tissue/organ three-dimensional structure, and regulation of spermatogenesis and androgen hormone secretion and release. Although increasing evidence indicates that TCs may be involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases, no study has yet reported possible changes in these cells within the stromal compartment of seminoma, one of the most frequent malignant testicular cancers in humans. Therefore, here we carried out the first investigation of the presence and tissue distribution of TCs/CD34+ stromal cells in human testicular seminoma in comparison with normal human testis using either CD34 immunohistochemistry or CD34/CD31 and CD34/α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) double immunofluorescence analyses. In seminoma tissue sections, we observed an overall loss of TCs (CD34+/CD31- stromal cells) accompanying a severe degeneration of the normal architecture of seminiferous tubules and stromal tissue associated with dense cellularity increase and presence of interstitial fibrosis. Noteworthy, in the seminoma tissue the disappearance of TCs was paralleled by an expansion of α-SMA+ myoid cells. Moreover, the CD34+/CD31+ blood vessel network was greatly expanded, while steroidogenic Leydig cells were undetectable in seminoma specimens. Since TCs are emerging as important regulators of tissue and organ homeostasis, collectively the present findings indicate that the possible pathophysiologic implications of the loss of TCs in human testicular seminoma should not be further overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Lidia Ibba-Manneschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Sgambati
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche (Isernia), Italy.
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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48
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has excellent soft tissue resolution, as well as multidirectional and multisequence scanning technology, making it an important supplementary method in the diagnosis of testicular tumor.To explore the utility of preoperative MRI for the differential diagnosis of testicular seminoma and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs).The medical records from 39 patients with testicular tumors that were examined preoperatively with MRI and treated with urologic surgery at our institution between January 2015 and March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Testicular tumors were confirmed by pathology and classified as seminoma (n = 20) or NSGCT (n = 19). Two radiologists analyzed the testicular tumors on preoperative MRI for morphology: multiple nodules or a single mass; presence/absence of a capsule; signal compared to the normal contralateral testicle (isointense, hypointense, hyperintense, or mixed); enhancement; septa; and hemorrhagic or cystic degeneration. Characteristics of seminomas and NSGCT were compared using the Chi-square or Fischer exact test.MRI showed that the majority (95%; 19/20) of seminomas were nodular. There were significant differences in the presence/absence of a capsule (P = .001), T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) signal intensity (P = .047), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) signal intensity (P < .001), septa (P < .001), and hemorrhagic or cystic degeneration (P < .001) between seminomas and NSGCT.Seminomas were more likely to have no capsule, isointensity on T1WI, hypointensity on T2WI, and had narrow obviously enhanced fibrovascular septa without hemorrhagic or cystic degeneration; NSGCT was more likely to have a capsule, a mainly mixed signal on T1WI and T2WI, most of them had no fibrovascular septa, and hemorrhagic or cystic degeneration was common in malignant NSGCT.This study suggests that preoperative MRI can distinguish seminoma from NSGCT. We propose that preoperative MRI of the scrotum is an effective technique that should be widely adopted for the management of scrotal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Liu
- Urogenital System Group, Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Long Hua District
| | - Zhengxian Lei
- Department of Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aibo Li
- Urogenital System Group, Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Long Hua District
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Urogenital System Group, Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Long Hua District
| | - Jiayin Ji
- Urogenital System Group, Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Long Hua District
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Masiuk M, Lewandowska M, Teresinski L, Dobak E, Urasinska E. Nucleolin and nucleophosmin expression in seminomas and non-seminomatous testicular tumors. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2019; 57:139-145. [PMID: 31513277 DOI: 10.5603/fhc.a2019.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular tumors are heterogeneous group of neoplasms divided mainly into two types: seminomas and non-seminomas. Nucleolin (NCL) and nucleophosmin (NPM) are abundant nucleolar proteins involved in many physiologic and pathologic processes including cancer. Their overexpression was found in many tumors but it was not studied in testicular cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was performed on tissue microarrays of 19 seminomas, 21 embryonal carcinomas and 11 yolk sac tumors. The expression of NCL and NPM was detected with monoclonal antibodies and visualized with EnVision FLEX/HRP technique. Immunohistochemical reactions were measured with Aperio ImageScope Software and analyzed as means of percentages of all immunopositive cells in three groups of reaction intensity, i.e. 3+, 2+, and 1+ as well as of H-score. RESULTS Seminomas showed higher expression of nucleolin indicated by higher H-score and higher percentage of positive cells than non-seminomas. The differences in subpopulations of NCL-positive cells were also found. Embryonal carcinomas and yolk sac tumors showed lower expression of NCL than seminomas indicated by H-score. The percentage of NCL-positive cells did not differ between embryonal carcinomas and seminomas while there were significant differences in subpopulations of cells. The percentage of NCL-positive cells in yolk sac tumors was lower than in seminomas. The results show different heterogeneity of subpopulations of NCL-positive cells in embryonal carcinomas and yolk sac tumors compared to seminomas. The analysis of nucleolin expression in embryonal carcinomas and yolk sac tumors showed no differences between these two tumor types. No differences in nucleophosmin expression between seminomas and non-seminomas were found. CONCLUSIONS The differences in the expression of nucleolin between two groups of germ cell testicular tumors found in the current study indicate a new aspect of biology of these neoplasms and require further studies on the role of nucleolin in germ cell tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Masiuk
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
- Laboratory of Pathology, Multispecialty Hospital, ul. Dekerta 1, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland.
| | | | - Leszek Teresinski
- Laboratory of Pathology, Multispecialty Hospital, ul. Dekerta 1, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Ewa Dobak
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Urasinska
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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50
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Fatigante L, Ducci F, Campoccia S, Nocita AM, Paci E, Crocetti E, Cionini L. Long-Term Results in Patients Affected by Testicular Seminoma Treated with Radiotherapy: Risk of Second Malignancies. Tumori 2019; 91:144-50. [PMID: 15948542 DOI: 10.1177/030089160509100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims To report clinical results in patients with testicular seminoma treated with postoperative radiotherapy with regard to survival, acute and late toxicity, and risk of second malignancy. Materials and methods 176 stage I-II testicular seminoma patients treated with radiotherapy from 1964 to 1994 at the Radiotherapy Division of Pisa University, using 60Co or Linac, were analyzed retrospectively. The follow-up ranged from 0.13 to 32.37 years, with a median of 12.1 years. The observed numbers of second malignancies were compared with those expected, taking into account age, sex, and incidence rates from the Tuscany Tumor Registry. Results Overall and specific survival at 10-15 years were 89-82% and 93-92%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly better survival in patients younger than 50 years and in those treated with Linac. Severe late sequelae occurred in 8% of the patients. Sixteen second malignancies were observed (14 solid tumors and 2 leukemias); median latency was 13 years (range, 3-27) and the observed/expected ratio 1.4 ( P not significant). Solid cancers were localized in the bladder (2), kidney (2), skin (2), stomach (1), prostate (1), lung (1), larynx (1), uvea (1) and contralateral testicle (1); 1 patient presented an intestinal carcinoid and 1 a metastasis from an unknown primary. The risk of a second malignancy was higher in the patient group receiving less than 4000 cGy (observed/expected, 2.8; P = 0.015). Conclusions The study confirmed the high cure rate in stage III seminomas after postoperative radiotherapy. Incidence of a second malignancy was higher than expected, but the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fatigante
- Radiotherapy Division, Oncology Department, University of Pisa, Italy.
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