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Biryukov M, Semenov D, Kryachkova N, Polyakova A, Patrakova E, Troitskaya O, Milakhina E, Poletaeva J, Gugin P, Ryabchikova E, Zakrevsky D, Schweigert I, Koval O. The Molecular Basis for Selectivity of the Cytotoxic Response of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells to Cold Atmospheric Plasma. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1672. [PMID: 38002354 PMCID: PMC10669024 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with biotargets is accompanied by chemical reactions on their surfaces and insides, and it has great potential as an anticancer approach. This study discovers the molecular mechanisms that may explain the selective death of tumor cells under CAP exposure. To reach this goal, the transcriptional response to CAP treatment was analyzed in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and in lung-fibroblast Wi-38 cells. We found that the CAP treatment induced the common trend of response from A549 and Wi-38 cells-the p53 pathway, KRAS signaling, UV response, TNF-alpha signaling, and apoptosis-related processes were up-regulated in both cell lines. However, the amplitude of the response to CAP was more variable in the A549 cells. The CAP-dependent death of A549 cells was accompanied by DNA damage, cell-cycle arrest in G2/M, and the dysfunctional response of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4). The activation of the genes of endoplasmic reticulum stress and ER lumens was detected only in the A549 cells. Transmission-electron microscopy confirmed the alteration of the morphology of the ER lumens in the A549 cells after the CAP exposure. It can be concluded that the responses to nuclear stress and ER stress constitute the main differences in the sensitivity of tumor and healthy cells to CAP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Biryukov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.B.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (O.T.); (J.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.M.); (P.G.); (D.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Dmitriy Semenov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.B.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (O.T.); (J.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Nadezhda Kryachkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.B.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (O.T.); (J.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.M.); (P.G.); (D.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Alina Polyakova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.B.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (O.T.); (J.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.M.); (P.G.); (D.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Patrakova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.B.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (O.T.); (J.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Olga Troitskaya
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.B.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (O.T.); (J.P.); (E.R.)
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.M.); (P.G.); (D.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Elena Milakhina
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.M.); (P.G.); (D.Z.); (I.S.)
- Department of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Poletaeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.B.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (O.T.); (J.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Pavel Gugin
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.M.); (P.G.); (D.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Elena Ryabchikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.B.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (O.T.); (J.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Zakrevsky
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.M.); (P.G.); (D.Z.); (I.S.)
- Department of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina Schweigert
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.M.); (P.G.); (D.Z.); (I.S.)
| | - Olga Koval
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.B.); (D.S.); (N.K.); (A.P.); (E.P.); (O.T.); (J.P.); (E.R.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.M.); (P.G.); (D.Z.); (I.S.)
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Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (Gadd) 45 proteins have been associated with numerous cellular mechanisms including cell cycle control, DNA damage sensation and repair, genotoxic stress, neoplasia, and molecular epigenetics. The genes were originally identified in in vitro screens of irradiation- and interleukin-induced transcription and have since been implicated in a host of normal and aberrant central nervous system processes. These include early and postnatal development, injury, cancer, memory, aging, and neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease states. The proteins act through a variety of molecular signaling cascades including the MAPK cascade, cell cycle control mechanisms, histone regulation, and epigenetic DNA demethylation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the literature implicating each of the three members of the Gadd45 family in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz A Sultan
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Bassel E Sawaya
- Molecular Studies of Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,FELS Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine Institute, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Departments of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cancer and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
GADD45 is a gene family consisting of GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G that is often induced by DNA damage and other stress signals associated with growth arrest and apoptosis. Many of these roles are carried out via signaling mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The GADD45 proteins can contribute to p38 activation either by activation of upstream kinase(s) or by direct interaction, as well as suppression of p38 activity in certain cases. In vivo, there are important tissue and cell type specific differences in the roles for GADD45 in MAPK signaling. In addition to being p53-regulated, GADD45A has also been found to contribute to p53 activation via p38. Like other stress and signaling proteins, GADD45 proteins show complex regulation and numerous effectors. More recently, aberrant GADD45 expression has been found in several human cancers, but the mechanisms behind these findings largely remain to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslon Humayun
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage 45 (Gadd45) family genes, Gadd45A, Gadd45B, and GADD45 G are implicated as stress sensors that are rapidly induced upon genotoxic/physiological stress. They are involved in regulation of various cellular functions such as DNA repair, senescence, and cell cycle control. Gadd45 family of genes serve as tumor suppressors in response to different stimuli and defects in Gadd45 pathway can give rise to oncogenesis. More recently, Gadd45 has been shown to promote gene activation by demethylation and this function is important for transcriptional regulation and differentiation during development. Gadd45 serves as an adaptor for DNA repair factors to promote removal of 5-methylcytosine from DNA at gene specific loci. Therefore, Gadd45 serves as a powerful link between DNA repair and epigenetic gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurushankar Chandramouly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Chen M, Wu HL, Wong TS, Chen B, Gong RH, Wong HLX, Xiao H, Bian Z, Kwan HY. Combination of Wogonin and Artesunate Exhibits Synergistic anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Effect by Increasing DNA-Damage-Inducible Alpha, Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 3-mediated Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:657080. [PMID: 34025421 PMCID: PMC8131852 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.657080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is difficult to treat, and is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aimed to examine whether combination of wogonin and artesunate exhibits synergistic anti-HCC effect. Our data show that the combination treatment exhibits synergistic effect in reducing HCC cell viability by increasing apoptosis as indicated by the elevated cleavage of caspase 8, 3 and PARP. Interestingly, PCR array and the subsequent studies indicate that the combination treatment significantly increases the expression of DNA-damage-inducible, alpha (GADD45A), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). Knockdown of GADD45A, TNFα or TRAF3 abolishes the combination treatment-enhanced apoptosis and the synergistic effect in reducing HCC cell viability. In the HCC-bearing xenograft mouse models, although the combination treatment increases the activity of NFκB in the tumor tissues, it exhibits a more potent anti-HCC effect than the mono-treatment, which may due to the enhanced apoptosis as indicated by the increased expression of GADD45A, TNFα, TRAF3 and apoptotic markers. Our study clearly demonstrates that the combination of artesunate and wogonin exhibits synergistic anti-HCC effect, and support the further development of this combination as alternative therapeutics for HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minting Chen
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsin Ling Wu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Sin Wong
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baisen Chen
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rui-Hong Gong
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi Leong Xavier Wong
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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Kapoor A, Chen CG, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin evokes an angiostatic stress signaling cascade in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6344-6356. [PMID: 32205445 PMCID: PMC7212646 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endorepellin, the C-terminal fragment of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, influences various signaling pathways in endothelial cells by binding to VEGFR2. In this study, we discovered that soluble endorepellin activates the canonical stress signaling pathway consisting of PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, and GADD45α. Specifically, endorepellin evoked transient activation of VEGFR2, which, in turn, phosphorylated PERK at Thr980 Subsequently, PERK phosphorylated eIF2α at Ser51, upregulating its downstream effector proteins ATF4 and GADD45α. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PERK or eIF2α abrogated the endorepellin-mediated up-regulation of GADD45α, the ultimate effector protein of this stress signaling cascade. To functionally validate these findings, we utilized an ex vivo model of angiogenesis. Exposure of the aortic rings embedded in 3D fibrillar collagen to recombinant endorepellin for 2-4 h activated PERK and induced GADD45α vis à vis vehicle-treated counterparts. Similar effects were obtained with the established cellular stress inducer tunicamycin. Notably, chronic exposure of aortic rings to endorepellin for 7-9 days markedly suppressed vessel sprouting, an angiostatic effect that was rescued by blocking PERK kinase activity. Our findings unravel a mechanism by which an extracellular matrix protein evokes stress signaling in endothelial cells, which leads to angiostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Carolyn G Chen
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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Guo F, Xia T, Zhang Y, Ma X, Yan Z, Hao S, Han Y, Ma R, Zhou Y, Du X. Menstrual blood derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with Bushen Tiaochong recipe improved chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure in mice by inhibiting GADD45b expression in the cell cycle pathway. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:56. [PMID: 31311554 PMCID: PMC6636150 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the therapeutic effects of menstrual blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (MB-MSCs) combined with Bushen Tiaochong recipe (BSTCR) on epirubicin induced premature ovarian failure (POF) in mice. METHODS Twenty-four female C57BL/6 mice of 6-8 weeks were intraperitoneally injected with epirubicin to induce POF, and then they were randomized into 4 groups of 6 mice each and treated with PBS, MB-MSCs, BSTCR, and MB-MSCs combined with BSTCR, respectively. Six mice of the same age were used as controls. Vaginal smear, TUNEL and hematoxylin-eosin staining were to observe estrous cycles, ovarian cell apoptosis and follicles. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis determined serum estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. RT-qPCR and Western Blot analysis were to determine GADD45b, CyclinB1, CDC2 and pCDC2 expressions. RESULTS Epirubicin treatment resulted in a decrease in the number of primordial, primary, secondary and antral follicles, an increase in the number of atretic follicles and ovarian cell apoptosis, a decrease in estradiol and AMH levels, an increase in FSH levels, and estrous cycle arrest. However, MB-MSCs combined with BSTCR rescued epirubicin induced POF through down-regulating GADD45b and pCDC2 expressions, and up-regulating CyclinB1 and CDC2 expressions. The combined treatment showed better therapeutic efficacy than BSTCR or MB-MSCs alone. CONCLUSIONS MB-MSCs combined with BSTCR improved the ovarian function of epirubicin induced POF mice, which might be related to the inhibition of GADD45b expression and the promotion of CyclinB1 and CDC2 expressions. The combined treatment had better therapeutic efficacy than BSTCR or MB-MSCs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Guo
- 0000 0000 9792 1228grid.265021.2Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, NO.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Xia
- 0000 0004 1799 2712grid.412635.7Reproductive Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88 Chang Ling Street, Xi Qing district, Tianjin, 300112 China
| | - Yedan Zhang
- 0000 0000 9792 1228grid.265021.2Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, NO.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Ma
- 0000 0000 9792 1228grid.265021.2Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, NO.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongrui Yan
- 0000 0000 9792 1228grid.265021.2Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, NO.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Hao
- 0000 0000 9792 1228grid.265021.2Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, NO.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Han
- 0000 0000 9792 1228grid.265021.2Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, NO.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Ma
- 0000 0004 1799 2712grid.412635.7Reproductive Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88 Chang Ling Street, Xi Qing district, Tianjin, 300112 China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- grid.461843.cState Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Xue Du
- 0000 0000 9792 1228grid.265021.2Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, NO.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 People’s Republic of China
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Schüle KM, Leichsenring M, Andreani T, Vastolo V, Mallick M, Musheev MU, Karaulanov E, Niehrs C. GADD45 promotes locus-specific DNA demethylation and 2C cycling in embryonic stem cells. Genes Dev 2019; 33:782-798. [PMID: 31171699 PMCID: PMC6601511 DOI: 10.1101/gad.325696.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Schüle et al. report an unexpected role of GADD45 proteins in regulation of the cycling of ESCs in the 2C state. Using methylome analysis of Gadd45 triple-mutant ESCs, they found a role for GADD45 in demethylation of specific TET targets and partial deregulation of ZGA genes at the two-cell stage. Mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) cultures contain a rare cell population of “2C-like” cells resembling two-cell embryos, the key stage of zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Little is known about positive regulators of the 2C-like state and two-cell stage embryos. Here we show that GADD45 (growth arrest and DNA damage 45) proteins, regulators of TET (TET methylcytosine dioxygenase)-mediated DNA demethylation, promote both states. Methylome analysis of Gadd45a,b,g triple-knockout (TKO) ESCs reveal locus-specific DNA hypermethylation of ∼7000 sites, which are enriched for enhancers and loci undergoing TET–TDG (thymine DNA glycosylase)-mediated demethylation. Gene expression is misregulated in TKOs, notably upon differentiation, and displays signatures of DNMT (DNA methyltransferase) and TET targets. TKOs manifest impaired transition into the 2C-like state and exhibit DNA hypermethylation and down-regulation of 2C-like state-specific genes. Gadd45a,b double-mutant mouse embryos display embryonic sublethality, deregulated ZGA gene expression, and developmental arrest. Our study reveals an unexpected role of GADD45 proteins in embryonic two-cell stage regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Molecular Embryology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Camilleri-Robles C, Serras F, Corominas M. Role of D-GADD45 in JNK-Dependent Apoptosis and Regeneration in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E378. [PMID: 31109086 PMCID: PMC6562583 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The GADD45 proteins are induced in response to stress and have been implicated in the regulation of several cellular functions, including DNA repair, cell cycle control, senescence, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigate the role of D-GADD45 during Drosophila development and regeneration of the wing imaginal discs. We find that higher expression of D-GADD45 results in JNK-dependent apoptosis, while its temporary expression does not have harmful effects. Moreover, D-GADD45 is required for proper regeneration of wing imaginal discs. Our findings demonstrate that a tight regulation of D-GADD45 levels is required for its correct function both, in development and during the stress response after cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Camilleri-Robles
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Florenci Serras
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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Carbonell C, Ulsamer A, Vivori C, Papasaikas P, Böttcher R, Joaquin M, Miñana B, Tejedor JR, de Nadal E, Valcárcel J, Posas F. Functional Network Analysis Reveals the Relevance of SKIIP in the Regulation of Alternative Splicing by p38 SAPK. Cell Rep 2019; 27:847-859.e6. [PMID: 30995481 PMCID: PMC6484779 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a prevalent mechanism of gene regulation that is modulated in response to a wide range of extracellular stimuli. Stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) play a key role in controlling several steps of mRNA biogenesis. Here, we show that osmostress has an impact on the regulation of alternative splicing (AS), which is partly mediated through the action of p38 SAPK. Splicing network analysis revealed a functional connection between p38 and the spliceosome component SKIIP, whose depletion abolished a significant fraction of p38-mediated AS changes. Importantly, p38 interacted with and directly phosphorylated SKIIP, thereby altering its activity. SKIIP phosphorylation regulated AS of GADD45α, the upstream activator of the p38 pathway, uncovering a negative feedback loop involving AS regulation. Our data reveal mechanisms and targets of SAPK function in stress adaptation through the regulation of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Carbonell
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Ulsamer
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Vivori
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Papasaikas
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Böttcher
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Joaquin
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Miñana
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Tejedor
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Valcárcel
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Research Group, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Pandey M, Kannepali KK, Dixit R, Kumar M. Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its correlation with HPV status, EGFR, Her-2-neu, and GADD45 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2018; 16:20. [PMID: 29386013 PMCID: PMC5793383 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-018-1308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Head and neck cancers are the commonest cancer in Southeast Asia. Despite being a surface cancer, it is associated with significant morbidity as despite early detection by the patients they often report for treatment late and hence are associated with poor prognosis. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in head and neck cancer is still under evaluation; there is a large subgroup of population that does not respond to chemotherapy, and hence, most studies have failed to show any survival benefit. This study evaluated the role of neoadjuvant therapy with docetaxel and carboplatin in patients with oral cancer and correlated the response to human papilloma virus, EGFR1, EGFR2, and GADD45 expression. Methods A total of 24 locally advanced, non-metastatic oral cancer patients were included in the study. Tumor biopsies were taken prior to the start of neoadjuvant therapy for expression of EGFR, Her-2-Neu, and GADD45 by immunohistochemistry and for HPV by PCR. The response was evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria after three cycles of chemotherapy. Statistical analysis was performed using correlation and Kaplan–Meier analysis; the difference in survival was calculated with log rank test. Results A total of 21 male and 3 female with a mean age of 53.12 years were enrolled. Sixty-five percent of these received three cycles of chemotherapy. Five patients were positive for HPV 16 and none for HPV 18. Twenty-two of 24 patients showed GADD45 expression, 3 showed expression of Her-2-Neu while all 24 showed expression for EGFR1 protein. Two-year overall survival was 81%; GADD45 expressions were found to significantly affect the overall and disease-free survival, while any of the other protein expression studied and HPV status was not significant. Conclusion The result of the present study shows significant downgrading of the oral cancers with neoadjuvant chemotherapy suggesting its utility in borderline operable cases. However, the response of chemotherapy does not appear to be related to the expression of EGFR, Her-2-Neu, and GADD45 protein or presence of HPV. Bone involvement, perineural invasion, and GADD45 expression significantly predict OS and DFS. All patients who did not express Gadd45 died before 2 years. Study with more subjects and longer follow-up should be carried out to elucidate this relation further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.
| | - Krishna Kiran Kannepali
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Ruhi Dixit
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
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12
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Tamura RE, Paccez JD, Duncan KC, Morale MG, Simabuco FM, Dillon S, Correa RG, Gu X, Libermann TA, Zerbini LF. GADD45α and γ interaction with CDK11p58 regulates SPDEF protein stability and SPDEF-mediated effects on cancer cell migration. Oncotarget 2017; 7:13865-79. [PMID: 26885618 PMCID: PMC4924684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelium-specific Ets transcription factor, SPDEF, plays a critical role in metastasis of prostate and breast cancer cells. While enhanced SPDEF expression blocks migration and invasion, knockdown of SPDEF expression enhances migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. SPDEF expression and activation is tightly regulated in cancer cells; however, the precise mechanism of SPDEF regulation has not been explored in detail. In this study we provide evidence that the cell cycle kinase CDK11p58, a protein involved in G2/M transition and degradation of several transcription factors, directly interacts with and phosphorylates SPDEF on serine residues, leading to subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of SPDEF through the proteasome pathway. As a consequence of CDK11p58 mediated degradation of SPDEF, this loss of SPDEF protein results in increased prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. In contrast, knockdown of CDK11p58 protein expression by interfering RNA or SPDEF overexpression inhibit migration and invasion of cancer cells. We demonstrate that CDK11p58 mediated degradation of SPDEF is attenuated by Growth Arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) α and, two proteins inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. We show that GADD45 α and γ, directly interact with CDK11p58 and thereby inhibit CDK11p58 activity, and consequentially SPDEF phosphorylation and degradation, ultimately reducing prostate cancer cell migration and invasion. Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the complex regulation of SPDEF activity linked to cancer metastasis and characterize a previously unidentified SPDEF/CDK11p58/GADD45α/γ pathway that controls SPDEF protein stability and SPDEF-mediated effects on cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo E Tamura
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Medical Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Juliano D Paccez
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Medical Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kristal C Duncan
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Medical Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mirian G Morale
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Medical Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernando M Simabuco
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Dillon
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo G Correa
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xuesong Gu
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Towia A Libermann
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luiz F Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Medical Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Ueda T, Kohama Y, Kuge A, Kido E, Sakurai H. GADD45 family proteins suppress JNK signaling by targeting MKK7. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 635:1-7. [PMID: 29037961 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) family genes encode related proteins, including GADD45α, GADD45β, and GADD45γ. In HeLa cells, expression of GADD45 members is differentially regulated under a variety of environmental conditions, but thermal and genotoxic stresses induce the expression of all genes. The heat shock response of GADD45β is mediated by the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), and GADD45β is necessary for heat stress survival. Heat and genotoxic stress-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is suppressed by the expression of GADD45 proteins. GADD45 proteins bind the JNK kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (MKK7) and inhibit its activity, even under normal physiological conditions. Our findings indicate that GADD45 essentially suppresses the MKK7-JNK pathway and suggest that differentially expressed GADD45 family members fine-tune stress-inducible JNK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Ueda
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Yuri Kohama
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Ayana Kuge
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Eriko Kido
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakurai
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0942, Japan.
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14
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Christmann M, Kaina B. Epigenetic regulation of DNA repair genes and implications for tumor therapy. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 2017; 780:15-28. [PMID: 31395346 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair represents the first barrier against genotoxic stress causing metabolic changes, inflammation and cancer. Besides its role in preventing cancer, DNA repair needs also to be considered during cancer treatment with radiation and DNA damaging drugs as it impacts therapy outcome. The DNA repair capacity is mainly governed by the expression level of repair genes. Alterations in the expression of repair genes can occur due to mutations in their coding or promoter region, changes in the expression of transcription factors activating or repressing these genes, and/or epigenetic factors changing histone modifications and CpG promoter methylation or demethylation levels. In this review we provide an overview on the epigenetic regulation of DNA repair genes. We summarize the mechanisms underlying CpG methylation and demethylation, with de novo methyltransferases and DNA repair involved in gain and loss of CpG methylation, respectively. We discuss the role of components of the DNA damage response, p53, PARP-1 and GADD45a on the regulation of the DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase DNMT1, the key enzyme responsible for gene silencing. We stress the relevance of epigenetic silencing of DNA repair genes for tumor formation and tumor therapy. A paradigmatic example is provided by the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which is silenced in up to 40% of various cancers through CpG promoter methylation. The CpG methylation status of the MGMT promoter strongly correlates with clinical outcome and, therefore, is used as prognostic marker during glioblastoma therapy. Mismatch repair genes are also subject of epigenetic silencing, which was shown to correlate with colorectal cancer formation. For many other repair genes shown to be epigenetically regulated the clinical outcome is not yet clear. We also address the question of whether genotoxic stress itself can lead to epigenetic alterations of genes encoding proteins involved in the defense against genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Christmann
- Department of Toxicology, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Department of Toxicology, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany.
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15
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Ishizawa M, Akagi D, Yamamoto J, Makishima M. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 enhances TRPV6 transcription through p38 MAPK activation and GADD45 expression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 172:55-61. [PMID: 28578001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], acts as a ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and regulates various physiological processes, including calcium and bone metabolism, cellular growth and differentiation, immunity and cardiovascular function. A number of vitamin D derivatives have been synthesized for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory disease, but the adverse effect of hypercalcemic activity due to intestinal calcium absorption has limited wide clinical application. The VDR target gene product TRPV6 is essential for intestinal calcium absorption. Our prior study has demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 induces TRPV6 mRNA expression at lower concentrations than for induction of CYP24A1, a VDR target gene involved in vitamin D inactivation, in intestinal SW480 cells, suggesting an additional mechanism for vitamin D signaling on TRPV6 induction. By searching for a signal transduction pathway involved in 1,25(OH)2D3-induced expression of TRPV6, we found that a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor reduces the expression of TRPV6 but not CYP24A1 in 1,25(OH)2D3-treated SW480 cells. Knockdown experiments showed that p38α is involved in 1,25(OH)2D3-induced expression of TRPV6 but not CYP24A1. Treatment with a de novo protein synthesis inhibitor suppressed 1,25(OH)2D3-induced TRPV6 expression. Finally, we found that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment induced expression of GADD45A, which encodes the GADD45α MAPK kinase kinase activator, earlier than TRPV6 expression and that GADD45A knockdown reduced TRPV6 induction by 1,25(OH)2D3. These findings indicate that p38α and GADD45α are involved in an enhanced vitamin D signaling on TRPV6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyasu Ishizawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Daisuke Akagi
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yamamoto
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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16
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Sagarkar S, Mahajan S, Choudhary AG, Borkar CD, Kokare DM, Sakharkar AJ. Traumatic stress-induced persistent changes in DNA methylation regulate neuropeptide Y expression in rat jejunum. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28418087 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress-induced chronic neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety are often co-morbid with gastrointestinal malfunctions. While we find enduring anxiety-like symptoms following minimal traumatic brain injury (MTBI) in rats, gastrointestinal consequences of MTBI remain elusive. METHODS In this study, we examined the effects of MTBI on a major gut peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and gut motility. DNA methylation was studied as a possible epigenetic mechanism operative in the regulation of NPY expression in the gut. KEY RESULTS Minimal traumatic brain injury reduced the gut motility 48 hours and 30 days after trauma. The expression of DNA methyltransferase isoforms (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) was altered in the jejunum 48 hours and 30 days after MTBI. However, the mRNA levels of growth arrest and DNA damage 45 (GADD45) isoforms, GADD45a, and GADD45b, which are believed to be involved in active DNA demethylation, initially decreased at 48 hours but subsequently increased after 30 days of trauma. Similarly, DNA hypomethylation at the NPY promoter region in the jejunum was correlated with the increase in NPY mRNA and protein levels 30 days post-trauma. On the other hand, DNA hypomethylation at 48 hours was associated with a decline in NPY expression. Treatment with 5-azacytidine (5-AzaC), a DNMT inhibitor, retarded DNA methylation and restored the NPY mRNA levels in the jejunum of MTBI-induced rats. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These results suggest that DNA demethylation could be operative as an epigenetic mechanism in the long-term regulation of NPY gene expression to alter the gut motility during traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sagarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - S Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - A G Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj, Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - C D Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj, Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - D M Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj, Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - A J Sakharkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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17
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Kim M, Baek HS, Lee M, Park H, Shin SS, Choi DW, Lim KM. Rhododenol and raspberry ketone impair the normal proliferation of melanocytes through reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of GADD45. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32:339-46. [PMID: 26867644 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhododenol or rhododendrol (RD, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol) occurs naturally in many plants along with raspberry ketone (RK, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone), a ketone derivative, which include Nikko maple tree (Acer nikoense) and white birch (Betula platyphylla). De-pigmenting activity of RD was discovered and it was used as a brightening ingredient for the skin whitening cosmetics. Recently, cosmetics containing RD were withdrawn from the market because a number of consumers developed leukoderma, inflammation and erythema on their face, neck and hands. Here, we explored the mechanism underlying the toxicity of RD and RK against melanocytes using B16F10 murine melanoma cells and human primary epidermal melanocytes. Treatment with RD or RK resulted in the decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner which appeared from cell growth arrest. Consistently, ROS generation was significantly increased by RD or RK as determined by DCF-enhanced fluorescence. An antioxidant enzyme, glutathione peroxidase was depleted as well. In line with ROS generation, oxidative damages and the arrest of normal cell proliferation, GADD genes (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage) that include GADD45 and GADD153, were significantly up-regulated. Prevention of ROS generation with an anti-oxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly rescued RD and RK-suppressed melanocyte proliferation. Consistently, up-regulation of GADD45 and GADD153 was significantly attenuated by NAC, suggesting that increased ROS and the resultant growth arrest of melanocytes may contribute to RD and RK-induced leukoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Soo Baek
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Miri Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Seok Shin
- AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal Woong Choi
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Liang Z, Liu R, Zhang H, Zhang S, Hu X, Tan J, Liang C, Qiao W. GADD45 proteins inhibit HIV-1 replication through specific suppression of HIV-1 transcription. Virology 2016; 493:1-11. [PMID: 26994425 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GADD45 proteins are a group of stress-induced proteins and participate in various cellular pathways including cell cycle regulation, cell survival and death, DNA repair and demethylation. It was recently shown that HIV-1 infection induces the expression of GADD45 proteins. However, the effect of GADD45 on HIV-1 replication has not been studied. Here, we report that overexpression of GADD45 proteins reduces HIV-1 production through suppressing transcription from the HIV-1 LTR promoter. This inhibitory effect is specific to HIV-1, since GADD45 proteins neither inhibit the LTR promoters from other retroviruses nor reduce the production of these viruses. Knockdown of endogenous GADD45 modestly activates HIV-1 in the J-Lat A72 latency cell line, which suggests GADD45 proteins might play a role in maintaining HIV-1 latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Ruikang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Suzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Juan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada H3T 1E2; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada.
| | - Wentao Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Naick H, Jin S, Baskaran R. GADD45α modulates curcumin sensitivity through c-Abl- and JNK-dependent signaling pathways in a mismatch repair-dependent manner. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 414:13-22. [PMID: 26833194 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a critical health concern because of its incidence as the third most prevalent cancer in the world. Currently, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 6-thioguanine, and certain other genotoxic agents are mainstays of treatment; however, patients often die due to emergence of resistant population. Curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from the dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an effective anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent. Previously, we reported that human colorectal cancer cell lines compromised for mismatch repair (MMR) function exhibit heightened sensitivity to curcumin due to sustained curcumin-induced unrepaired DNA damage compared to proficient population counterparts. In this report, we show that the protein levels of gadd45α, whose transcript levels are increased during DNA damage and stress signals, are upregulated following curcumin treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We further observed that cells compromised for Mlh1 function (HCT116 + Ch2) displayed ~twofold increased GADD45α upregulation compared to similarly treated proficient counterparts (HCT116 + Ch3). Similarly, suppression of Mlh1 using ShRNA increased GADD45α upregulation upon curcumin treatment. On the other hand, suppression of GADD45α using SiRNA-blocked curcumin-induced cell death induction in Mlh1-deficient cells. Moreover, inhibition of Abl through ST571 treatment and its downstream effector JNK through SP600125 treatment blocked GADD45α upregulation and cell death triggered by curcumin. Collective results lead us to conclude that GADD45α modulates curcumin sensitivity through activation of c-Abl > JNK signaling in a mismatch repair-dependent manner.
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20
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Wang XF, Zeng QG, Zeng Y, Man RY, Lu BX, Luo YF. Induction of GADD45α protects M17 neuroblastoma cells against MPP*. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:786-92. [PMID: 25469469 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45α (GADD45α) is an important member of the family of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (GADD) proteins. The expression patterns and possible roles of GADD45α in Parkinson's disease (PD) are so far less understood. In this study, we found that 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment up-regulates the expression of GADD45α in both a time-dependent manner and a dose-dependent manner in human dopamine neuroblastoma M17 cells. The up-regulation of GADD45α was abolished by pretreatment with the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 but not the p38 specific inhibitor SB203580. Further study revealed that c-Jun silencing abolished the effects of MPP+ on the expression of GADD45α. Important, ChIP studies verified the ability of c-Jun to bind to the GADD45 promoter. In addition, we found that inhibition of GADD45α by small RNA interference exacerbates the impaired cell viability, LDH release, and apoptosis induced by MPP+. Correspondingly, silence of GADD45 exacerbated Caspase-3 activation induced by MPP+. These data suggested a neuroprotective effect of GADD45α against MPP+ neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Abstract
The growth arrest and DNA damage 45 (GADD45) family genes regulate DNA repair, cell cycle, cell survival, apoptosis, senescence, and DNA demethylation in the cells under various stress stimuli, such as oxidative stress, UV radiation, and oncogenic stress. Recent studies have provided important insights regarding how different oncogenic stresses activate GADD45 signaling pathway and lead to disparate influences on tumor initiation. In this review, we discuss the deregulation and cellular function of GADD45 proteins in the context of cancer development. We also highlight recent advances in exploring the tumor suppressive function of GADD45 proteins-triggered cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaojuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
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Abstract
During the last decade and a half, there has been an explosion of data regarding epigenetic changes in schizophrenia. Most initial studies have suggested that schizophrenia is characterized by an overly restrictive chromatin state based on increases in transcription silencing histone modifications and DNA methylation at schizophrenia candidate gene promoters and increases in the expression of enzymes that catalyze their formation. However, recent studies indicate that the pathology is more complex. This complexity may greatly impact pharmacological approaches directed at targeting epigenetic abnormalities in schizophrenia. The current review explores epigenetic studies of schizophrenia and what this can tell us about the underlying pathophysiology. We hypothesize based on recent studies that it is also plausible that drugs that further restrict chromatin may be efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Gavin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Christina Floreani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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23
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Gavin DP, Chase KA, Sharma RP. Active DNA demethylation in post-mitotic neurons: a reason for optimism. Neuropharmacology 2013; 75:233-45. [PMID: 23958448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several years proteins involved in base excision repair (BER) have been implicated in active DNA demethylation. We review the literature supporting BER as a means of active DNA demethylation, and explain how the various components function and cooperate to remove the potentially most enduring means of epigenetic gene regulation. Recent evidence indicates that the same pathways implicated during periods of widespread DNA demethylation, such as the erasure of methyl marks in the paternal pronucleus soon after fertilization, are operational in post-mitotic neurons. Neuronal functional identities, defined here as the result of a combination of neuronal subtype, location, and synaptic connections are largely maintained through DNA methylation. Chronic mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, may be the result of both altered neurotransmitter levels and neurons that have assumed dysfunctional neuronal identities. A limitation of most current psychopharmacological agents is their focus on the former, while not addressing the more profound latter pathophysiological process. Previously, it was believed that active DNA demethylation in post-mitotic neurons was rare if not impossible. If this were the case, then reversing the factors that maintain neuronal identity, would be highly unlikely. The emergence of an active DNA demethylation pathway in the brain is a reason for great optimism in psychiatry as it provides a means by which previously pathological neurons may be reprogrammed to serve a more favorable role. Agents targeting epigenetic processes have shown much promise in this regard, and may lead to substantial gains over traditional pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Gavin
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue (M/C 151), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Kayla A Chase
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rajiv P Sharma
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1601 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue (M/C 151), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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24
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Guo W, Dong Z, Guo Y, Chen Z, Kuang G, Yang Z. Methylation-mediated repression of GADD45A and GADD45G expression in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2043-53. [PMID: 23616123 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene (GADD45) family, which is composed of GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G, may play similar but not identical roles in tumorigenesis. Genetic changes associated with or responsible for their dysregulation are in general uncommon. This study was to detect the role of GADD45 gene family in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and the relationship of GADD45A and GADD45G methylation to a series of pathological parameters in a large GCA sample, in order to elucidate more information on the role of GADD45 gene family with regard to the pathogenesis of GCA. Decreased mRNA and protein expression of GADD45A and GADD45G but not GADD45B were found in 138 GCA tumor tissues. The methylation frequency of 5' 4 CpG region located in distal promoter of GADD45A and proximal promoter of GADD45G in GCA tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues. The expression levels of GADD45A and GADD45G were inversely correlated with methylation levels. GADD45B expression was not correlated with GCA patients survival, while GADD45A and GADD45G methylation status and protein expression were independently associated with GCA patients' survival. These results suggest that GADD45A and GADD45G gene may act as functional tumor suppressor but being frequently inactivated epigenetically in patients with GCA. Silencing of GADD45A and GADD45G, negative regulator of cell growth, is most likely responsible for conferring a selective growth advantage during GCA evolution and outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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