1
|
Ismail RF, Hamed M, Sayed AEDH. Lycopene supplemen tation: effects on oxidative stress, sex hormones, gonads and thyroid tissue in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus during Harness ® exposure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1237159. [PMID: 37637141 PMCID: PMC10454902 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1237159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Harness® is a commercial herbicide that contains acetochlor at a concentration of 84% as an active ingredient. Ubiquitous, persistent, and substantial uses of Harness® in agricultural processes have resulted in the pollution of nearby water sources, posing a threat to various aquatic biotas, including fish. The effects of Harness® toxicity on fish health are little known. So, this study aimed to describe the impact of herbicide Harness® on the oxidative stress and reproductive and thyroid performance of male and female tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and also investigate the prospective role of the natural antioxidant lycopene supplementation in dismissing the adverse properties of Harness®. Antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity) and hormone measurements (T, E2, T3, and T4) were carried out, and gonadal and thyroid follicle histological sections were examined as a method to investigate the effects of Harness® toxicity on fish. Male and female tilapia were exposed to 10 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L of Harness® and treated with 10 mg lycopene/kg for 15 days of exposure. Our results demonstrated that the antioxidant enzyme activity was altered by Harness exposure and serum T for both males and females dropped; also, female E2 levels decreased, but male E2 increased. Exposure to higher dose of Harness® induced elevation in both T3 and T4 levels, although the low exposure dose stimulated T4 levels. Harness® exposure prompted histological variations and degenerative changes in testicular, ovarian, and thyroid follicle tissues. Lycopene supplement administration diminished oxidative stress induced by Harness®, alleviating its endocrine disparaging effects by neutralizing T3, T4, T, and E2 and ameliorating the histological structure of gonadal and thyroid tissues. In conclusion, lycopene supplementation was preformed to normalize the alterations and oxidative damage caused by Harness® in Nile tilapia, suggesting that lycopene-supplemented diet functioned as potent antioxidants and had the ability to alleviate oxidative stress and thyroid and reproductive toxicity caused by herbicide Harness®. Moreover, it is crucial to take appropriate care when consuming herbicides to defend the aquatic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania F. Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut branch), Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Molecular Biology Research and Studies Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mantua J, Gutierrez RL, Isidean SD, Alcala AN, Testa KJ, Talaat KR, Doty TJ, Porter CK. Sleep duration prior to an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge predicts diarrhea severity during infection. Sleep Med 2022; 100:404-409. [PMID: 36240601 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute diarrhea is the most frequent diagnosis among ill travelers. Sleep loss may weaken the body's defense against pathogens and increase susceptibility to infection. The relationship between sleep and infectious diarrhea has not been studied and was assessed utilizing data from a controlled human infection model (CHIM) for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). METHODS During a CHIM assessing the efficacy of an immunoprophylactic targeting ETEC against moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) following challenge, we measured sleep via actigraphy over an 8-day inpatient period. We hypothesized better sleep pre-challenge would predict illness symptomatology following challenge. RESULTS Among 57 participants (aged 34.4 ± 8.1 years, 64% male), there was no relationship between sleep metrics and incidence of MSD. However, longer total sleep time the night preceding ETEC challenge was associated with lower maximum 24 h diarrhea volume (B = -1.80, p = 0.01) and total diarrhea volume (B = -2.45, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This novel study showed that shorter sleep duration predicted diarrhea severity over the course of an ETEC infection. Future work should experimentally manipulate sleep to further clarify its impact on diarrhea-related outcomes for ETEC and other important enteric pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna Mantua
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Behavioral Biology Branch, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA.
| | - Ramiro L Gutierrez
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Sandra D Isidean
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Ashley N Alcala
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Kayla J Testa
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Kawsar R Talaat
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tracy Jill Doty
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Behavioral Biology Branch, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Chad K Porter
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li WL, Tong SG, Yang ZY, Xiao YQ, Lv XC, Weng Q, Yu K, Liu GR, Luo XQ, Wei T, Han JZ, Ai LZ, Ni L. The dynamics of microbial community and flavor metabolites during the acetic acid fermentation of Hongqu aromatic vinegar. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1720-1731. [PMID: 36238813 PMCID: PMC9550536 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the dynamics of microbial community and flavor metabolites during the traditional fermentation of Hongqu aromatic vinegar (HAV) and subsequently explored the potential relationship between microbiota and flavor metabolites. The microbiome analysis based on high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of amplicons demonstrated that Lactobacillus, Acetobacter and Clostridium were the dominant bacterial genera, while Alternaria, Candida, Aspergillus and Issatchenkia were the dominant fungal genera during the acetic acid fermentation (AAF) of HAV. A total of 101 volatile flavor compounds were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) during HAV fermentation, including esters (35), alcohols (17), aldehydes (11), acids (11), ketones (7), phenols (10), and others (10). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to reveal the correlation between microbiota and volatile flavor compounds. Lactobacillus and Acetobacter were the two bacterial genera that have the great influence on the production of volatile flavor components in HAV. Among them, Lactobacillus was positively correlated with a variety of ethyl esters, while Acetobacter positively contributed to the formation of several organic acids. Furthermore, the non-volatile metabolites were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). A total of 41 dipeptides were identified during HAV fermentation, and most of them may have sensory characteristics and biological activities. RDA showed that Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Issatchenkia, Candida and Malassezia were the most influential fungal genera on non-volatile metabolites. In particular, Epicoccum was first reported in Hongqu vinegar and showed a positive correlation with the production of various organic acids. In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for understanding the flavor generation mechanism of HAV, and may be valuable for developing effective techniques to select suitable strains to improve the flavor quality of HAV. Microbial community in Hongqu aromatic vinegar was investigated by high-throughput sequencing. The key flavor metabolites during the acetic acid fermentation of HAV were selected through PLS-DA. Lactobacillus, Acetobacter and Clostridium were the predominant bacterial genera in HAV fermentation. Alternaria, Candida, Aspergillus and Issatchenkia were the predominant fungal genera in HAV fermentation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed the correlation between microbiota and flavor metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Li
- Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Shan-Gong Tong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Zi-Yi Yang
- Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Yan-Qin Xiao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Xu-Cong Lv
- Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
- Corresponding author. Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China.
| | - Qi Weng
- Fujian Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, PR China
| | - Kui Yu
- Fujian Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, PR China
| | - Gui-Rong Liu
- Fujian Minyan Food Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming, Fujian, 365500, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Luo
- Fujian Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, PR China
| | - Tao Wei
- Fujian Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, PR China
| | - Jin-Zhi Han
- Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
- Corresponding author. Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China.
| | - Lian-Zhong Ai
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Li Ni
- Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Campbell GP, Farkas DR, Chapman DL. Ec topic expression of T in the paraxial mesoderm disrupts somite maturation in the mouse. Dev Biol 2022; 485:37-49. [PMID: 35276131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
T is the founding member of the T-box family of transcription factors; family members are critical for cell fate decisions and tissue morphogenesis throughout the animal kingdom. T is expressed in the primitive streak and notochord with mouse mutant studies revealing its critical role in mesoderm formation in the primitive streak and notochord integrity. We previously demonstrated that misexpression of Tbx6 in the paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm results in embryos resembling Tbx15 and Tbx18 nulls. This, together with results from in vitro transcriptional assays, suggested that ectopically expressed Tbx6 can compete with endogenously expressed Tbx15 and Tbx18 at the binding sites of target genes. Since T-box proteins share a similar DNA binding domain, we hypothesized that misexpressing T in the paraxial and lateral plate mesoderm would also interfere with the endogenous Tbx15 and Tbx18, causing embryonic phenotypes resembling those seen upon Tbx6 expression in the somites and limbs. Interestingly, ectopic T expression led to distinct embryonic phenotypes, specifically, reduced-sized somites in embryos expressing the highest levels of T, which ultimately affects axis length and neural tube morphogenesis. We further demonstrate that ectopic T leads to ectopic expression of Tbx6 and Mesogenin 1, known targets of T. These results suggests that ectopic T expression contributes to the phenotype by activating its own targets rather than via a straight competition with endogenous T-box factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Deborah R Farkas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Deborah L Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang L, Peng X, Wang Y, Cao R, Zhang Z, Fu L. Wha t Is the Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Sex Hormones, Leptin, and Irisin in Children and Adolescents? A Path Analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:823424. [PMID: 35498804 PMCID: PMC9051242 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.823424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present research aimed to study the relationship between body mass index (BMI), sex hormones, leptin, and irisin in children and adolescents with different body types. METHODS In this study, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select students aged 8-15 years from two 9-year schools as the research subjects. Based on a case-control study, 183 overweight/obese students were selected. After using sex and age matching to create a matched sample of normal-weighted students, a total of 366 students, including 214 boys (58.5%) and 152 girls (41.5%) were included. We measured their height and weight and calculated their body mass index BMI. Afterward, their concentrations of leptin, irisin, oestradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) in the serum were detected. RESULTS There were significant differences in T, E2, leptin, and irisin between normal-weighted boys and girls (p < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in T, E2, and irisin between overweight/obese boys and girls (p < 0.05). Overweight/obese students had higher concentrations of irisin and leptin than normal-weight students (p < 0.05). The direct effect of BMI on irisin was not statistically significant in either normal or overweight/obese students, but their indirect effects via leptin were statistically significant (for normal-weight boys and girls, standardized indirect effect coefficient: 0.29 and 0.38, respectively; for overweight/obese boys and girls, standardized indirect effect coefficient: 0.36 and 0.34, respectively). There was a negative pathway of E2 → leptin → irisin in normal-weight boys (standardized indirect effect coefficient: -0.24) and a negative pathway of T → leptin → irisin in overweight/obese boys (standardized indirect effect coefficient: -0.27). CONCLUSION The indirect effects of BMI on irisin via leptin exist in children and adolescents of different body types. E2 was negatively correlated with leptin in normal-weight boys, whereas T was negatively correlated with leptin in overweight/obese boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xingwang Peng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ruiyao Cao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zizhe Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lianguo Fu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rebechi MT, Bork JT, Riedel DJ. HHV-6 Encephalitis After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy (CAR-T): 2 Case Reports and a Brief Review of the Literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab470. [PMID: 34738024 PMCID: PMC8562470 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) reactivation can occur in patients who are highly immunosuppressed, including those who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). HHV-6 encephalitis is a severe manifestation that is well described in the HSCT population. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a novel cancer-directed immunotherapy that results in severe immunosuppression. Patients undergoing CAR-T therapy may be at risk for HHV-6 encephalitis, which can be difficult to distinguish from a common adverse effect of CAR-T therapy, neurotoxicity. Herein, we describe 2 patients diagnosed with HHV-6 encephalitis after CAR-T therapy and discuss the diagnostic approach and differential diagnosis for altered mental status after CAR-T therapy. Diagnosing HHV-6 encephalitis can be difficult in this patient population as altered mental status is common after CAR-T therapy and may be attributed to CAR-T-associated neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline T Bork
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland,USA.,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,USA
| | - David J Riedel
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore Maryland,USA.,Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tenorio-Castaño J, Morte B, Nevado J, Martinez-Glez V, Santos-Simarro F, García-Miñaúr S, Palomares-Bralo M, Pacio-Míguez M, Gómez B, Arias P, Alcochea A, Carrión J, Arias P, Almoguera B, López-Grondona F, Lorda-Sanchez I, Galán-Gómez E, Valenzuela I, Méndez Perez MP, Cuscó I, Barros F, Pié J, Ramos S, Ramos FJ, Kuechler A, Tizzano E, Ayuso C, Kaiser FJ, Pérez-Jurado LA, Carracedo Á, Lapunzina P. Schuurs-Hoeijmakers Syndrome ( PACS1 Neurodevelopmental Disorder): Seven Novel Patients and a Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050738. [PMID: 34068396 PMCID: PMC8153584 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schuurs–Hoeijmakers syndrome (SHMS) or PACS1 Neurodevelopmental disorder is a rare disorder characterized by intellectual disability, abnormal craniofacial features and congenital malformations. SHMS is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by pathogenic variants in the PACS1 gene. PACS1 is a trans-Golgi-membrane traffic regulator that directs protein cargo and several viral envelope proteins. It is upregulated during human embryonic brain development and has low expression after birth. So far, only 54 patients with SHMS have been reported. In this work, we report on seven new identified SHMS individuals with the classical c.607C > T: p.Arg206Trp PACS1 pathogenic variant and review clinical and molecular aspects of all the patients reported in the literature, providing a summary of clinical findings grouped as very frequent (≥75% of patients), frequent (50–74%), infrequent (26–49%) and rare (less than ≤25%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jair Tenorio-Castaño
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Overgrowth Syndromes Laboratory, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.V.); (E.T.)
| | - Beatriz Morte
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Julián Nevado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.V.); (E.T.)
- Structural and Functional Genomics—INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Martinez-Glez
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.V.); (E.T.)
- Structural and Functional Genomics—INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Genetics—INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.V.); (E.T.)
- Clinical Genetics—INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sixto García-Miñaúr
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.V.); (E.T.)
- Clinical Genetics—INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Palomares-Bralo
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.V.); (E.T.)
- Structural and Functional Genomics—INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Pacio-Míguez
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.V.); (E.T.)
- Structural and Functional Genomics—INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gómez
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pedro Arias
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Overgrowth Syndromes Laboratory, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Alcochea
- FEDER (Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases), Calle del Dr. Castelo 49, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (J.C.); infofundacion (P.A.)
| | - Juan Carrión
- FEDER (Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases), Calle del Dr. Castelo 49, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (J.C.); infofundacion (P.A.)
| | - Patricia Arias
- FEDER (Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases), Calle del Dr. Castelo 49, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (A.A.); (J.C.); infofundacion (P.A.)
| | - Berta Almoguera
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermina López-Grondona
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lorda-Sanchez
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Galán-Gómez
- Clinical Genetics, Head of the Pediatrics Service, Hospital Materno Infantil de Badajoz, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, Professor of Pediatrics, Director of the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06110 Plasencia, Spain;
| | - Irene Valenzuela
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.V.); (E.T.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08002 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - María Pilar Méndez Perez
- Clinical Genetics, Hospital Materno Infantil de Badajoz, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Badajoz, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | - Ivón Cuscó
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08002 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Barros
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15702 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Pié
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Service of Paediatrics, University Clinic Hospital’ Lozano Blesa’ and Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragón, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Ramos
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Overgrowth Syndromes Laboratory, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Feliciano J. Ramos
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Service of Paediatrics, University Clinic Hospital’ Lozano Blesa’ and Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragón, 50001 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (F.J.K.)
| | - Eduardo Tizzano
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.V.); (E.T.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital and Medicine Genetics Group, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08002 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank J. Kaiser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (F.J.K.)
- Center for Rare Disease/Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen (EZSE), University Hospital Essen, 45276 Essen, Germany
| | - Luis A. Pérez-Jurado
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain and Institut Hospital del Mar D’Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, SERGAS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15702 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molécula y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15702 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - The SIDE Consortium
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.T.-C.); (B.M.); (J.N.); (V.M.-G.); (F.S.-S.); (S.G.-M.); (M.P.-B.); (M.P.-M.); (B.G.); (P.A.); (B.A.); (I.L.-S.); (F.B.); (J.P.); (S.R.); (F.J.R.); (C.A.); (L.A.P.-J.); (A.C.)
- Overgrowth Syndromes Laboratory, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- The SIDE Consortium: Spanish Intellectual Disability Exome Consortium, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (I.V.); (E.T.)
- Clinical Genetics—INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yau HT, Liao SW, Chang CH. Modeling of digital dental articulator and its accuracy verification using optical measurement. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 196:105646. [PMID: 32682091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Temporomandibular joint has been considered one of the most complex joints in human body. Dental articulation hinged upon temporomandibular joint is essential and fundamentally important for dental restoration design and prosthetic/orthodontic occlusion analysis. As digital dentistry rapidly grows, a complete digital work flow requires the use of a digital articulator for occlusion analysis. However, commercial CAD/CAM systems do not provide any method to verify the modeling accuracy of a digital articulator. There is also a lack of detail and generalized mathematical modeling of the digital articulator for simulating the jaw movement. METHODS This paper presents the development of a digital articulator by mathematically modeling a general dental articulator which simulates the relative jaw motion between the maxilla and mandible. As the digital articulator moves, the digital upper teeth move relatively to the digital lower teeth, thus simulating the occlusal path with teeth collision detection function. To verify the accuracy of our modeled digital articulator, an improved optical tracking method is proposed to measure the pose of a mechanical articulator with 6 degrees of freedom and compare that with the digital articulator. RESULTS The digital articulator system proposed in this paper achieves the following functions: 1. Digitalize the dental articulator with verified precision. Combined with dental design software, restorations can be designed with more efficiency and accuracy. 2. Provide an improved optical tracking method which can compare the movement error between the mechanical articulator and digital articulator. Thus the accuracy of the digital articulation can be verified. The result shows the error of our system is controlled under sub-millimeter which provides sufficient accuracy for the design of restoration under static and dynamic occlusion conditions. CONCLUSIONS We develop a general digital articulator which can simulate jaw movement between opposing teeth and an improved optical tracking method to verify the accuracy of the digital articulator. The modeling and accuracy verification of the digital articulator shows that there is a systematic and reliable way to replace traditional mechanical articulator and can close the gap for digital restoration fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tzong Yau
- National Chung Cheng University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiayi, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Wei Liao
- National Chung Cheng University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Chang
- National Chung Cheng University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiayi, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen NL, Ngoc CTB, Vu CD, Nguyen TTH, Nguyen HH. Whole Exome Sequencing as a Diagnostic Tool for Unidentified Muscular Dystrophy in a Vietnamese Family. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E741. [PMID: 32987775 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous clinical and genetic disorders. Two siblings presented with characteristics like muscular dystrophy, abnormal white matter, and elevated serum creatine kinase level. The high throughput of whole exome sequencing (WES) makes it an efficient tool for obtaining a precise diagnosis without the need for immunohistochemistry. WES was performed in the two siblings and their parents, followed by prioritization of variants and validation by Sanger sequencing. Very rare variants with moderate to high predicted impact in genes associated with neuromuscular disorders were selected. We identified two pathogenic missense variants, c.778C>T (p.H260Y) and c.2987G>A (p.C996Y), in the LAMA2 gene (NM_000426.3), in the homozygous state in two siblings, and in the heterozygous state in their unaffected parents, which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Variant c.2987G>A has not been reported previously. These variants may lead to a change in the structure and function of laminin-α2, a member of the family of laminin-211, which is an extracellular matrix protein that functions to stabilize the basement membrane of muscle fibers during contractions. Overall, WES enabled an accurate diagnosis of both patients with LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy and expanded the spectrum of missense variants in LAMA2.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The mouse T-box transcription factors T and Tbx6 are co-expressed in the primitive streak and have unique domains of expression; T is expressed in the notochord, while Tbx6 is expressed in the presomitic mesoderm. T-box factors are related through a shared DNA binding domain, the T-domain, and can therefore bind to similar DNA sequences at least in vitro. We investigated the functional similarities and differences of T and Tbx6 DNA binding and transcriptional activity in vitro and their interaction genetically in vivo. We show that at one target, Dll1, the T-domains of T and Tbx6 have different affinities for the binding sites present in the mesoderm enhancer. We further show using in vitro assays that T and Tbx6 differentially affect transcription with Tbx6 activating expression tenfold higher than T, that T and Tbx6 can compete at target gene enhancers, and that this competition requires a functional DNA binding domain. Next, we addressed whether T and Tbx6 can compete in vivo. First, we generated embryos that express Tbx6 at greater than wild-type levels embryos and show that these embryos have short tails, resembling the T heterozygous phenotype. Next, using the dominant-negative TWis allele, we show that Tbx6+/− TWis/+ embryos share similarities with embryos homozygous for the Tbx6 hypomorphic allele rib-vertebrae, specifically fusions of several ribs and malformation of some vertebrae. Finally, we tested whether Tbx6 can functionally replace T using a knockin approach, which resulted in severe T null-like phenotypes in chimeric embryos generated with ES cells heterozygous for a Tbx6 knockin at the T locus. Altogether, our results of differences in affinity for DNA binding sites and transcriptional activity for T and Tbx6 provide a potential mechanism for the failure of Tbx6 to functionally replace T and possible competition phenotypes in vivo. Summary: Mouse Tbx6 fails to compensate for heterozygous loss of T; instead ectopic Tbx6 in the T expression-domain in knockin embryos generates T null-like phenotypes suggestive of competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Wehn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Deborah R Farkas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Carly E Sedlock
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Dibya Subedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Deborah L Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thanh DC, Ngoc CTB, Nguyen NL, Vu CD, Tung NV, Nguyen HH. De novo NIPBL Mutations in Vietnamese Patients with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56020076. [PMID: 32074972 PMCID: PMC7073647 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital genetic disease causing abnormal unique facial phenotypes, several defects in organs and body parts, and mental disorder or intellectual disorder traits. Main causes of CdLS have been reported as variants in cohesin complex genes, in which mutations in the NIPBL gene have been estimated to account for up to 80%. Our study included three Vietnamese patients with typical CdLS phenotypes. Whole exome sequencing revealed two known heterozygous mutations c.6697G>A (p.Val2233Met) and c.2602C>T (p.Arg868X), and a novel heterozygous mutation c.4504delG (p.Val1502fsX87) in the NIPBL gene of the three patients. In silico analyses of the identified mutations predicted possible damaging and truncating effects on the NIPBL protein. Inherited analyses in the patients' families showed that all of the mutations are de novo. Our results lead a definitive diagnosis of patients with CdLS and expand the spectrum of mutations in the NIPBL gene. These findings also confirm whole exome sequencing is an efficient tool for genetic screening of CdLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duong Chi Thanh
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.C.T.); (N.-L.N.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Can Thi Bich Ngoc
- Center for Rare Diseases and Newborn Screening, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, 18/879 La Thanh str., Dong Da, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.T.B.N.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Ngoc-Lan Nguyen
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.C.T.); (N.-L.N.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Chi Dung Vu
- Center for Rare Diseases and Newborn Screening, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, 18/879 La Thanh str., Dong Da, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.T.B.N.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Nguyen Van Tung
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.C.T.); (N.-L.N.); (N.V.T.)
| | - Huy Hoang Nguyen
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet str., Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (D.C.T.); (N.-L.N.); (N.V.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +84-243-7918012
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mussai F, Wheat R, Sarrou E, Booth S, Stavrou V, Fultang L, Perry T, Kearns P, Cheng P, Keeshan K, Craddock C, De Santo C. Targeting the arginine metabolic brake enhances immunotherapy for leukaemia. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:2201-2208. [PMID: 30485425 PMCID: PMC6767531 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches which aim to target Acute Myeloid Leukaemia through enhancement of patients' immune responses have demonstrated limited efficacy to date, despite encouraging preclinical data. Examination of AML patients treated with azacitidine (AZA) and vorinostat (VOR) in a Phase II trial, demonstrated an increase in the expression of Cancer-Testis Antigens (MAGE, RAGE, LAGE, SSX2 and TRAG3) on blasts and that these can be recognised by circulating antigen-specific T cells. Although the T cells have the potential to be activated by these unmasked antigens, the low arginine microenvironment created by AML blast Arginase II activity acts a metabolic brake leading to T cell exhaustion. T cells exhibit impaired proliferation, reduced IFN-γ release and PD-1 up-regulation in response to antigen stimulation under low arginine conditions. Inhibition of arginine metabolism enhanced the proliferation and cytotoxicity of anti-NY-ESO T cells against AZA/VOR treated AML blasts, and can boost anti-CD33 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, measurement of plasma arginine concentrations in combination with therapeutic targeting of arginase activity in AML blasts could be a key adjunct to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel Wheat
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Evgenia Sarrou
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary Life SciencesInstitute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Booth
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Victoria Stavrou
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Livingstone Fultang
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Tracey Perry
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Pamela Kearns
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Paul Cheng
- Bio‐cancer Treatment International LtdHong Kong
| | - Karen Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, College of Medicine, Veterinary Life SciencesInstitute of Cancer Sciences, University of GlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Charles Craddock
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Carmela De Santo
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Frank RM, Rego G, Grimaldi F, Salem HS, Romeo AA, Cole BJ, Adams CR. Does Ar throscopic Simulation Training Improve Triangulation and Probing Skills? A Randomized Controlled Trial ✰. J Surg Educ 2019; 76:1131-1138. [PMID: 30846347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of simulator training on basic arthroscopic skills utilizing a novel, low-cost arthroscopic triangulation training system. DESIGN A randomized controlled trial of subjects without prior arthroscopy training was conducted, with participants randomized to receive either a fixed protocol of simulation training on a triangulation simulation model (30 minutes of training for 4 consecutive days), or no training. On Days 1 and 5, all participants were evaluated on 3 simulated arthroscopic tasks by an independent observer. Variables analyzed included how many times portals were changed, the time it took to complete the tasks, and the task completion rate. SETTING Arthrex Inc., Naples, FL. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six participants (92% male, average 28 ± 5 years) with no prior arthroscopy training were randomized into 2 groups, with 17 in the training group (T) and 19 in the no-training group (NT). RESULTS On Day 1, there was no difference in rate of task completion between the T group and NT groups (41% versus 53%, p = 0.52). On Day 5, significantly more participants in the T group completed all tasks compared to the NT group (100% versus 63%, p = 0.008). Participants in the T group had significantly improved task completion times on Day 5 versus Day 1 (p < 0.05). Participants in the NT group had a significantly improved task completion time for Task 1 on Day 5 versus Day 1 (p = 0.037); no differences were found for Tasks 2 or 3. On Day 5, participants in the T group required significantly fewer portal changes compared to the NT group (2.35 ± 2.29 versus 6.95 ± 8.55, p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS Simulation training on a simple, low-cost arthroscopic triangulation training system resulted in an overall improvement in arthroscopic probing and triangulation skills within 1 week of training, with significantly decreased task completion times and increased efficiency of movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Frank
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
| | | | | | - Hytham S Salem
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anthony A Romeo
- Rothman Institute New York, New York, New York; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian J Cole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tualeka AR, Pathak Y, Wibrata DA, Ilmi B, Ahsan A, Rahmawati P, Russeng SS, Wahyu A, Maspiyah M, Sukarmin S. Relationship of Benzene Exposure to Trans, Trans-Muconic Acid and Blood Profile of Shoe Workers in Romokalisari Surabaya, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:816-823. [PMID: 30972145 PMCID: PMC6447342 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benzene is a hazardous ingredient for health. Benzene is used as a latex glue solvent in the shoe industry. AIM The purpose of the study was to analyse the relationship between benzene exposure with trans, trans-muconic acid (t, t-MA) and the blood profile of shoe workers in Romokalisari Surabaya. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional design conducted in the shoe industry in Romokalisari Surabaya with some subjects of 20 shoe workers. Data collection was carried out by measuring benzene levels conducted at 8 measurement points in Surabaya Romokalisari, taking workers' blood, measuring body weight and conducting interviews with respondents. Data were analysed using correlation tests. RESULTS The results showed that there was no relationship between benzene levels with t, t-MA (p-value = 0.205), there was no relationship between benzene Risk Quotient (RQ) and t, t-MA (p-value = 0.271) and there was no relationship between the Excess Cancer Risk (ECR) and blood profile of workers in Romokalisari. However, there were some abnormal blood profile parameters due to exposure to benzene although it was small. CONCLUSIONS It seems another factors such as length of work, nutritional status, duration of exposure, weight, and frequency of exposure have a considerable contribution in the determination of intake of xenobiotic ingredients in the body to cause health effects especially blood profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rohim Tualeka
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Airlangga University, 60115 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yashwant Pathak
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce Blvd., MDC 30 Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Dwi Ananto Wibrata
- Department of Nursing, Health Polytechnics of Ministry Health, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bahrul Ilmi
- Health Polytechnics of Ministry of Health, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Ahsan Ahsan
- Faculty of Nurse, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Pudji Rahmawati
- Department of Development of Islamic Society, State Islamic University Sunan Ampel, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Syamsiar S Russeng
- Departement of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Hassanuddin University Indonesia
| | - Atjo Wahyu
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Maspiyah Maspiyah
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Technic, University of Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sukarmin Sukarmin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fanous HK, Delgado-Villata S, Kovacs R, Shalaby-Rana E, Sami-Zakahri I. Phenotypic Characterization of the c.1679+1643G>T (1811+1643G>T) Mutation in Hispanic Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Children (Basel) 2018; 5:children5070091. [PMID: 29970830 PMCID: PMC6068721 DOI: 10.3390/children5070091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal genetic diseases in the United States in Caucasians. More than 2000 genetic mutations have been described and CF is now known to affect other races. The incidence of CF in individuals of Hispanic descent is estimated to be 1:9200. An uncommon mutation, 1811+1643G>T, was recently reported. We report four patients with the 1811+1643G>T mutation (homozygous or heterozygous) and describe their clinical features and compare them to the remainder of our Hispanic cohort group. The homozygous patients had a more severe phenotype compared to the Hispanic cohort in the following areas: their pancreatic status, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) colonization, pulmonary exacerbations requiring oral and intravenous antibiotics, and hospitalization rate. These preliminary findings suggest that future studies investigating the clinical trajectory with a larger cohort of patients homozygous for the 1811+1643G>T mutation are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hani K Fanous
- Division of Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Silvia Delgado-Villata
- Pediatric Pulmonary & Allergy Division, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Reka Kovacs
- Division of Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Eglal Shalaby-Rana
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Iman Sami-Zakahri
- Division of Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Asokanathan C, Tierney S, Ball CR, Buckle G, Day A, Tanley S, Bristow A, Markey K, Xing D, Yuen CT. An ELISA method to estimate the mono ADP-ribosyltransferase activities: e.g in pertussis toxin and vaccines. Anal Biochem 2018; 540-541:15-9. [PMID: 29108883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferase activities have been observed in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic species and viruses and are involved in many cellular processes, including cell signalling, DNA repair, gene regulation and apoptosis. In a number of bacterial toxins, mono ADP-ribosyltransferase is the main cause of host cell cytotoxicity. Several approaches have been used to analyse this biological system from measuring its enzyme products to its functions. By using a mono ADP-ribose binding protein we have now developed an ELISA method to estimate native pertussis toxin mono ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and its residual activities in pertussis vaccines as an example. This new approach is easy to perform and adaptable in most laboratories. In theory, this assay system is also very versatile and could measure the enzyme activity in other bacteria such as Cholera, Clostridium, E. coli, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Staphylococcus by just switching to their respective peptide substrates. Furthermore, this mono ADP-ribose binding protein could also be used for staining mono ADP-ribosyl products resolved on gels or membranes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sanna-Cherchi S, Khan K, Westland R, Krithivasan P, Fievet L, Rasouly HM, Ionita-Laza I, Capone VP, Fasel DA, Kiryluk K, Kamalakaran S, Bodria M, Otto EA, Sampson MG, Gillies CE, Vega-Warner V, Vukojevic K, Pediaditakis I, Makar GS, Mitrotti A, Verbitsky M, Martino J, Liu Q, Na YJ, Goj V, Ardissino G, Gigante M, Gesualdo L, Janezcko M, Zaniew M, Mendelsohn CL, Shril S, Hildebrandt F, van Wijk JAE, Arapovic A, Saraga M, Allegri L, Izzi C, Scolari F, Tasic V, Ghiggeri GM, Latos-Bielenska A, Materna-Kiryluk A, Mane S, Goldstein DB, Lifton RP, Katsanis N, Davis EE, Gharavi AG. Exome-wide Association Study Identifies GREB1L Mutations in Congenital Kidney Malformations. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:789-802. [PMID: 29100090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal agenesis and hypodysplasia (RHD) are major causes of pediatric chronic kidney disease and are highly genetically heterogeneous. We conducted whole-exome sequencing in 202 case subjects with RHD and identified diagnostic mutations in genes known to be associated with RHD in 7/202 case subjects. In an additional affected individual with RHD and a congenital heart defect, we found a homozygous loss-of-function (LOF) variant in SLIT3, recapitulating phenotypes reported with Slit3 inactivation in the mouse. To identify genes associated with RHD, we performed an exome-wide association study with 195 unresolved case subjects and 6,905 control subjects. The top signal resided in GREB1L, a gene implicated previously in Hoxb1 and Shha signaling in zebrafish. The significance of the association, which was p = 2.0 × 10-5 for novel LOF, increased to p = 4.1 × 10-6 for LOF and deleterious missense variants combined, and augmented further after accounting for segregation and de novo inheritance of rare variants (joint p = 2.3 × 10-7). Finally, CRISPR/Cas9 disruption or knockdown of greb1l in zebrafish caused specific pronephric defects, which were rescued by wild-type human GREB1L mRNA, but not mRNA containing alleles identified in case subjects. Together, our study provides insight into the genetic landscape of kidney malformations in humans, presents multiple candidates, and identifies SLIT3 and GREB1L as genes implicated in the pathogenesis of RHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamal Khan
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Rik Westland
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Priya Krithivasan
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lorraine Fievet
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Hila Milo Rasouly
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - David A Fasel
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sitharthan Kamalakaran
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Monica Bodria
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa 16147, Italy
| | - Edgar A Otto
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher E Gillies
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Virginia Vega-Warner
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Igor Pediaditakis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Gabriel S Makar
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Adele Mitrotti
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Miguel Verbitsky
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jeremiah Martino
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qingxue Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Young-Ji Na
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Vinicio Goj
- Pediatric Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milan 20121, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Ardissino
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Gigante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia 71121, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari 70121, Italy
| | - Magdalena Janezcko
- Department of Medical Genetics, Chair of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow 31-008, Poland
| | | | - Cathy Lee Mendelsohn
- Department of Urology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joanna A E van Wijk
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1007 MB, the Netherlands
| | - Adela Arapovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Marijan Saraga
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split 21000, Croatia; School of Medicine, University of Split, Split 21000, Croatia
| | - Landino Allegri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43100, Italy
| | - Claudia Izzi
- Cattedra di Nefrologia, Università di Brescia, Seconda Divisione di Nefrologia Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia Presidio di Montichiari, Brescia 25018, Italy; Dipartimento Ostetrico Ginecologico, Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia 25018, Italy
| | - Francesco Scolari
- Cattedra di Nefrologia, Università di Brescia, Seconda Divisione di Nefrologia Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili di Brescia Presidio di Montichiari, Brescia 25018, Italy
| | - Velibor Tasic
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty of Skopje, Skopje 1000, Macedonia
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa 16147, Italy
| | - Anna Latos-Bielenska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and Center for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan 61-701, Poland
| | - Anna Materna-Kiryluk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and Center for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan 61-701, Poland
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
| | - Ali G Gharavi
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Miao M, Wang T, Liu J, Li Y, Fu Z, Tian S. The Effect of Leonuri Herba alkaloids on Senile BPH (male and female hormone induced) model rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:630-3. [PMID: 28386189 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the pharmacological effects of Leonuri Herba alkaloids (LHA) on prostate hyperplasia in older rats and the effect mechanism. Methods: Remove bilateral testes from BPH model rats, and conduct subcutaneous injection of testosterone and estradiol. At the same time, feed corresponding drugs to the rats by gastric perfusion for 30d. In the first 27d, conduct bladder fistula surgery. Three days after feeding, carry out the detection of the urine flow dynamics. Eyeball blood taking, determination of serum E2 levels, and quickly remove the prostate, thymus gland, spleen, kidney, lung, and bladder. 1/3 prostate homogenate, determine the level of PACP, T, DHT. 1/3 prostate was determined by mRNA expression in bFGF. The remaining 1/3 prostate was observed by light microscopy. Results: LHA could significantly decrease the animal prostate index, level of DHT, T, PACP, and elevate levels of E2 in the serum. It could also significantly reduce the maximum voiding pressure, intercontraction interval, and bladder resting pressure. Conclusion: LHA has good therapeutic effect on prostatic hyperplasia model rats induced by male and female hormone.
Collapse
|
19
|
Song L, Chen J, Peng G, Tang K, Jing N. Dynamic Heterogeneity of Brachyury in Mouse Epiblast Stem Cells Mediates Distinct Response to Extrinsic Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Signaling. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15212-25. [PMID: 27226536 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.705418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse pluripotent cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), provide excellent in vitro systems to study imperative pre- and postimplantation events of in vivo mammalian development. It is known that mouse ESCs are dynamic heterogeneous populations. However, it remains largely unclear whether and how EpiSCs possess heterogeneity and plasticity similar to that of ESCs. Here, we show that EpiSCs are discriminated by the expression of a specific marker T (Brachyury) into two populations. The T-positive (T(+)) and the T-negative (T(-)) populations can be interconverted within the same culture condition. In addition, the two populations display distinct responses to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and different developmental potentials. The T(-) EpiSCs are preferentially differentiated into ectoderm lineages, whereas T(+) EpiSCs have a biased potential for mesendoderm fates. Mechanistic studies reveal that T(+) EpiSCs have an earlier and faster response to BMP4 stimulation than T(-) EpiSCs. Id1 mediates the commitment of T(-) EpiSCs to epidermal lineage during BMP4 treatment. On the other hand, Snail modulates the conversion of T(+) EpiSCs to mesendoderm fates with the presence of BMP4. Furthermore, T expression is essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition during EpiSCs differentiation. Our findings suggest that the dynamic heterogeneity of the T(+)/T(-) subpopulation primes EpiSCs toward particular cell lineages, providing important insights into the dynamic development of the early mouse embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Jun Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Guangdun Peng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| | - Ke Tang
- the Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China and
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kantárová D, Prídavková D, Ságová I, Vrlík M, Mikler J, Buc M. [Genetic and molecular background in autoimmune diabetes mellitus]. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2015; 64:121-129. [PMID: 26448299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1 DM) is caused by autoimmune-mediated and idiopathic beta-cell destruction of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans resulting in absolute insulin deficiency. Susceptibility to T1 DM is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is generally believed that in genetically susceptible individuals, the disease is triggered by environmental agents, such as viral infections, dietary factors in early infancy, or climatic influences. Many candidate genes for diabetes have been reported; those within the Major Histocompatibility Complex being among the most important. The most common autoantigens are insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, insuloma-associated antigen 2, and zinc transporter ZnT8. The destruction of beta-cells is mediated mainly by cellular mechanisms; antibodies only seem to reflect the ongoing autoimmune processes and are not directly involved in the tissue damage. They, however, appear prior to the onset of insulin deficiency which makes them suitable for use in the prevention of the disease.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hather G, Liu R, Bandi S, Mettetal J, Manfredi M, Shyu WC, Donelan J, Chakravarty A. Growth rate analysis and efficient experimental design for tumor xenograft studies. Cancer Inform 2014; 13:65-72. [PMID: 25574127 PMCID: PMC4264612 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tumor xenograft studies are the primary means to evaluate the biological activity of anticancer agents in late-stage preclinical drug discovery. The variability in the growth rate of human tumors established in mice and the small sample sizes make rigorous statistical analysis critical. The most commonly used summary of antitumor activity for these studies is the T/C ratio. However, alternative methods based on growth rate modeling can be used. Here, we describe a summary metric called the rate-based T/C, derived by fitting each animal’s tumor growth to a simple exponential model. The rate-based T/C uses all of the data, in contrast with the traditional T/C, which only uses a single measurement. We compare the rate-based T/C with the traditional T/C and assess their performance through a bootstrap analysis of 219 tumor xenograft studies. We find that the rate-based T/C requires fewer animals to achieve the same power as the traditional T/C. We also compare 14-day studies with 21-day studies and find that 14-day studies are more cost efficient. Finally, we perform a power analysis to determine an appropriate sample size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Hather
- Department of Global Statistics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ray Liu
- Department of Global Statistics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Syamala Bandi
- Department of Research and Development Systems, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Mettetal
- Department of DMPK, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Manfredi
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Chyi Shyu
- Department of DMPK, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jill Donelan
- Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arijit Chakravarty
- Department of DMPK, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abdel-Raouf M, Hussein HA. Effec t of long-term testosterone propionate or human chorionic gonadotrophin administration on reproductive glands in adult male rabbits. Andrologia 2014; 47:455-63. [PMID: 24811403 DOI: 10.1111/and.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed to investigate the effect of testosterone propionate (TP) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) treatment on reproductive glands in sexually mature male rabbits. A total 36 adult male rabbits were randomly distributed to six equal groups. The first control group (CON), the second treated with low-dose TP (TPL), the third treated with high-dose TP (TPH), the fourth treated with low-dose hCG (CGL), the fifth treated with medium-dose hCG (CGM) and sixth treated with high-dose hCG (CGH). At the 16th post-treatment week, the animals were sacrificed, and the testes and accessory sex glands dissected, weighted and stored at -20 °C until assay. Testosterone propionate treatment in both doses resulted in reduction (P < 0.01) in testicular weight and increase (P < 0.01) in weight of vesicular gland, paraprostate and proprostate glands. High-dose TP increased the weight of prostate and bulbouretheral gland (BUG). Testosterone propionate increased total androgen (P < 0.01) with Testosterone (T) predominating in serum, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) predominating in testes and most accessory sex glands. High dose of hCG increased the weight of proprostate and paraprostate glands. Androgen level in serum, testes and accessory sex glands increased (P < 0.01) after hCG treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Abdel-Raouf
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Øien AH, Justad SR, Tenstad O, Wiig H. Effects of hydration on steric and electric charge-induced interstitial volume exclusion--a model. Biophys J 2014; 105:1276-84. [PMID: 24010671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of collagen and charged macromolecules like glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the interstitial space limits the space available for plasma proteins and other macromolecules. This phenomenon, known as interstitial exclusion, is of importance for interstitial fluid volume regulation. Physical/mathematical models are presented for calculating the exclusion of electrically charged and neutral macromolecules that equilibrate in the interstitium under various degrees of hydration. Here, a central hypothesis is that the swelling of highly electrically charged GAGs with increased hydration shields parts of the neutral collagen of the interstitial matrix from interacting with electrically charged macromolecules, such that exclusion of charged macromolecules exhibits change due to steric and charge effects. GAGs are also thought to allow relatively small neutral, but also charged macromolecules neutralized by a very high ionic strength, diffuse into the interior of GAGs, whereas larger macromolecules may not. Thus, in the model, relatively small electrically charged macromolecules, such as human serum albumin, and larger neutral macromolecules such as IgG, will have quite similar total volume exclusion properties in the interstitium. Our results are in agreement with ex vivo and in vivo experiments, and suggest that the charge of GAGs or macromolecular drugs may be targeted to increase the tissue uptake of macromolecular therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Key Words
- 1-particles
- 2-particles
- 3-particles
- A
- A [as subscript]
- DCL(z)
- Debye length
- GAGs, glycosaminoclycans [also as subscript]
- H(z)
- L
- N1in
- O
- Q(1), Q(2)
- T
- VO
- VT
- albumin- or macromolecules in general [also as subscript]
- available
- available volume of charged particle
- available volume of small neutral macroparticle
- available volume per unit volume for large neutral macroparticles
- average volume density of macromolecules, as albumin, in cell
- axial length of equilibration cell
- charge part per unit volume of excluded volume
- circular cross-section area of equilibration cell
- collagen particles [also as subscript]
- core radius of GAG
- d1, d2 = 2H(z), d3
- dCL
- diameters of 1-, 2-, and 3-particles
- distance between two side-by-side GAGs- or collagen particle centers
- distance of closest approach in GAG-albumin interactions
- distance of closest approach in albumin-albumin interactions
- effective density of collagen particles
- electrical charge on particle I
- excluded volume per unit volume for large neutral macroparticles
- excluded volume per unit volume of charged macroparticle
- excluded volume per unit volume of small neutral macroparticle
- highest thickness value
- hydration
- inside cell tissue [also as subscript]
- l
- lowest thickness value
- n1T(z), n1O(z)
- n1in
- n2, n3
- n3eff(z)
- number densities of 2- and 3-particles
- number of macromolecules, as albumin, poured into cell
- outside cell tissue [also as subscript]
- outside tissue-cell volume
- p1
- pressure of 1-particles
- r
- radial distance
- radius of GAGs as function of tissue thickness
- rmin
- thickness of tissue sample
- tissue-cell volume
- volume density of 1-particles in tissue, outside tissue
- volume of collagen-, GAG- and macroparticle material per unit volume of tissue
- volume of water per unit volume of tissue (water content)
- z
- z1
- z2
- ζ
- λD
- νA
- νA0G
- νAO
- νE
- νE00
- νE0G
- νEO
- νH2O
- νQ
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alf H Øien
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vazirzadeh A, Mojazi Amiri B, Fostier A. Ovarian development and related changes in steroid hormones in female wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio), from the south-eastern Caspian Sea. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 98:1060-7. [PMID: 24621281 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) is a native valuable but threatened species from the south-eastern Caspian Sea in which the endocrine control of its reproduction has not been studied. The objectives of this research were to study the reproductive strategy and changes in steroid hormones during ovarian development. From October 2009 to June 2010, 65 adult females were caught from the Golestan coast (Iran) and the ovarian histology, and gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices (GSI and HSI) were studied. Also, the plasma profiles of steroid hormones including testosterone (T), 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-, 20β-dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The GSI increased gradually during sampling times and reached maximum value at the peak of reproduction season, but the HSI decreased during spawning season. All stages of ovarian development, except the stage of Balbiani bodies, were recorded macro- and microscopically. Spent fish were caught at six of nine sampling times. The peaks of spawning were at late winter and early spring. The results of this study showed that the majority of wild carp collected during the sampling period displayed asynchronous oocyte development. Plasma T showed no significant differences during sampling times or at different stages of ovarian development. The level of E2 decreased gradually during sampling times reached minimum value at the spawning season, and highest value was recorded at tertiary vitellogenesis stage. The plasma levels of DHP during late winter and early spring were significantly higher than those of other sampling periods and its maximum level associated with oocyte maturation stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Vazirzadeh
- Department of Desert Regions Management, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Weisman O, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R. Oxy tocin administration, salivary testosterone, and father-infant social behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 49:47-52. [PMID: 24252717 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing involvement of fathers in childcare is followed by an increased interest in the neurobiology of fatherhood; yet, experimental work on the neuroendocrine basis of paternal care in humans is limited. The steroid Testosterone (T) and the neuropeptide Oxytocin (OT) have each been implicated in complex social behavior including parenting. However, no study to date explored the interaction between these two hormones in the context of fathering. In the current study we first test the relationship between father's basal salivary T and father and infant's social behaviors during parent-child interaction. Second, we examine the effects of intranasal OT administration on father's T production, and, finally, address the relations between OT-induced change in father's T with father-infant social behavior. Thirty-five fathers and their infants participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject study. Father-infant interaction was micro-coded for paternal and infant social behavior and synchrony was measured as the coordination between their gaze, affect, and vocalizations. Father's salivary T levels were measured at baseline and three times after administration. Results indicate that lower baseline T correlated with more optimal father and infant's behaviors. OT administration altered T production in fathers, relative to the pattern of T in the placebo condition. Finally, OT-induced change in T levels correlated with parent-child social behaviors, including positive affect, social gaze, touch, and vocal synchrony. Findings support the view that neuroendocrine systems in human males evolved to support committed parenting and are the first to describe the dynamic interactions between OT and T within a bio-behavioral synchrony model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omri Weisman
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Orna Zagoory-Sharon
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Sciences Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu L, Beckebaum S, Iacob S, Wu G, Kaiser GM, Radtke A, Liu C, Kabar I, Schmidt HH, Zhang X, Lu M, Cicinnati VR. MicroRNA-101 inhibits human hepatocellular carcinoma progression through EZH2 downregulation and increased cytostatic drug sensitivity. J Hepatol 2014; 60:590-8. [PMID: 24211739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oncogene polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been proposed to be a target gene of putative tumor suppressor microRNA-101 (miR-101). The aim of our study was to investigate the functional role of both miR-101 and EZH2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS MiR-101 and EZH2 expressions were evaluated in tumor tissues of 99 HCC patients and 7 liver cancer cell lines by real-time PCR. Luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate whether EZH2 represents a target gene of miR-101. The effect of miR-101 on HCC growth as well as programmed cell death was studied in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS MiR-101 expression was significantly downregulated in most of HCC tissues and all cell lines, whereas EZH2 was significantly overexpressed in most of HCC tissues and all cell lines. There was a negative correlation between expression levels of miR-101 and EZH2. Luciferase assay results confirmed EZH2 as a direct target gene of miR-101, which negatively regulates EZH2 expression in HCC. Ectopic overexpression of miR-101 dramatically repressed proliferation, invasion, colony formation as well as cell cycle progression in vitro and suppressed tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, miR-101 inhibited autophagy and synergized with either doxorubicin or fluorouracil to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. CONCLUSION Tumor suppressor miR-101 represses HCC progression through directly targeting EZH2 oncogene and sensitizes liver cancer cells to chemotherapeutic treatment. Our findings provide significant insights into molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and may have clinical relevance for the development of novel targeted therapies for HCC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mirowska A, Sledzinski T, Smolenski RT, Swierczynski J. Down-regulation of Zac1 gene expression in rat white adipose tissue by androgens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 140:63-70. [PMID: 24316431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ZAC1 is a zinc-finger protein transcription factor, a transcriptional cofactor for nuclear receptors, and a co-activator of nuclear receptors, which interacts with multiple signaling pathways affecting apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and metabolism. Some data suggest that ZAC1 regulates the expression of genes associated with function of adipose tissue. Since there is no information about the levels of Zac1 gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT), and the expression of several genes associated with metabolic function of WAT is significantly lower in male than female animals, we have examined: (a) the relative ZAC1 mRNA levels in some organs/tissues, including three main depots of WAT, in 3-month-old male rats; (b) the relative ZAC1 mRNA levels in WAT of male and female rats; (c) the effect of orchidectomy and orchidectomy with concomitant testosterone treatment on ZAC1 mRNA and protein levels; (d) the effect of ovariectomy and ovariectomy with concomitant 17β-estradiol treatment on ZAC1 mRNA levels; (e) the effect of dihydrotestosterone on ZAC1 mRNA levels in isolated adipocytes. Our results indicate that: (a) ZAC1 mRNA levels are relatively high in WAT in comparison with other organs/tissues; (b) ZAC1 mRNA levels in subcutaneous WAT are approximately 2-fold lower than in epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue; (c) ZAC1 mRNA levels in WAT of adult female rats are approximately 2-fold higher than in male rats; (d) testosterone is inversely related to ZAC1 mRNA and protein levels in WAT of male rats; and (e) dihydrotestosterone decreases the ZAC1 mRNA levels in adipocytes in dose dependent manner. In conclusion, Zac1 gene is highly expressed in white adipose tissue of adult rats. Androgens could play an important role in down-regulation of the ZAC1 mRNA and protein levels in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mirowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ye T, Kang M, Huang Q, Fang C, Chen Y, Shen H, Dong S. Exposure to DEHP and MEHP from hatching to adulthood causes reproductive dysfunction and endocrine disruption in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Aquat Toxicol 2014; 146:115-26. [PMID: 24292025 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Concern has increased regarding the adverse effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) on reproduction. However, limited information is available on the effects of DEHP in marine organisms. The aim of the present study was to examine whether long-term exposure to DEHP and its active metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP) disrupts endocrine function in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Marine medaka larvae were exposed to either DEHP (0.1 and 0.5mg/L) or MEHP (0.1 and 0.5mg/L) for 6 months, and the effects on reproduction, sex steroid hormones, liver vitellogenin (VTG), gonad histology and the expression of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis were investigated. Exposure to DEHP, but not MEHP, from hatching to adulthood accelerated the start of spawning and decreased the egg production of exposed females. Moreover, exposure to both DEHP and MEHP resulted in a reduction in the fertilization rate of oocytes spawned by untreated females paired with treated males. A significant increase in plasma 17β-estradiol (E2) along with a significant decrease in testosterone (T)/E2 ratios was observed in males, which was accompanied by the upregulation of ldlr, star, cyp17a1, 17βhsd, and cyp19a transcription in the testis. Increased concentrations of T and E2 were observed in females, which was consistent with the upregulation of ldlr. The expression of brain gnrhr2, fshβ, cyp19b and steroid hormone receptor genes also corresponded well with hormonal and reproductive changes. The liver VTG level was significantly increased after DEHP and MEHP exposure in males. DEHP induced histological changes in the testes and ovaries: the testes displayed a reduced number of spermatozoa, and the ovaries displayed an increased number of atretic follicles. In addition, the tissue concentrations of MEHP, MEHHP and MEOHP in DEHP-exposed groups were much higher than those in MEHP-exposed groups, and there were no dose- or sex-specific effects. Thus, DEHP exerts more obvious toxic effects compared with MEHP. There were some commonalities in the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of DEHP and MEHP, suggesting that some of the toxic effects of DEHP may be induced by both DEHP itself and DEHP metabolites (including MEHP). Taken together, these results indicate that exposure to DEHP and MEHP from hatching to adulthood causes endocrine disruption with sex-specific effects in marine medaka, with males being more sensitive than females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Mei Kang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Chao Fang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Heqing Shen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Sijun Dong
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Filchenkov GN, Popoff EH, Naumov AD. The low dose gamma ionising radiation impact upon cooperativity of androgen-specific proteins. J Environ Radioact 2014; 127:182-190. [PMID: 23465891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The paper deals with effects of the ionising radiation (γ-IR, 0.5 Gy) upon serum testosterone (T), characteristics of testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) and androgen receptor (AR) in parallel with observation of androgen (A) responsive enzyme activity - hexokinase (HK). The interdependence or relationships of T-levels with parameters of the proteins that provide androgenic regulation are consequently analyzed in post-IR dynamics. The IR-stress adjustment data reveal expediency of TeBG- and AR-cooperativity measurements for more precise assessments of endocrine A-control at appropriate emergencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennady N Filchenkov
- Lab. of Biochemistry, Institute of Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Feduninskogo 4, Gomel 246007, Belarus
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bailey M, Silver R. Sex differences in circadian timing systems: implications for disease. Front Neuroendocrinol 2014; 35:111-39. [PMID: 24287074 PMCID: PMC4041593 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Virtually every eukaryotic cell has an endogenous circadian clock and a biological sex. These cell-based clocks have been conceptualized as oscillators whose phase can be reset by internal signals such as hormones, and external cues such as light. The present review highlights the inter-relationship between circadian clocks and sex differences. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) serves as a master clock synchronizing the phase of clocks throughout the body. Gonadal steroid receptors are expressed in almost every site that receives direct SCN input. Here we review sex differences in the circadian timing system in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG), the hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary (HPA) axis, and sleep-arousal systems. We also point to ways in which disruption of circadian rhythms within these systems differs in the sexes and is associated with dysfunction and disease. Understanding sex differentiated circadian timing systems can lead to improved treatment strategies for these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bailey
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, United States.
| | - Rae Silver
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, United States; Department of Psychology, Barnard College, United States; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Guerra D, Ghiselli F, Passamonti M. The largest unassigned regions of the male- and female-transmitted mitochondrial DNAs in Musculista senhousia (Bivalvia Mytilidae). Gene 2013; 536:316-25. [PMID: 24342661 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Musculista senhousia is a marine mussel with doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondria. In this study we analyzed the largest unassigned region (LUR) of its female- and male-transmitted mitochondrial genomes, described their fine characteristics and searched for shared features. Our results suggest that both LURs contain the control region of their respective mitochondrial genomes. The female-transmitted control region is duplicated in tandem, with the two copies evolving in concert. This makes the F-mtDNA of M. senhousia the first Bivalve mitochondrial genome with this feature. We also compared M. senhousia control regions to that of other Mytilidae, and demonstrated that signals for basic mtDNA functions are retained over evolutionary times even among the fast-evolving mitochondrial genomes of DUI species. Finally, we discussed how similarities between female and male LURs may be explained in the context of DUI evolution and if the duplicated female control region might have influenced the DUI system in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Guerra
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Ghiselli
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Passamonti
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Remely M, Aumueller E, Merold C, Dworzak S, Hippe B, Zanner J, Pointner A, Brath H, Haslberger AG. Effects of short chain fatty acid producing bacteria on epigenetic regulation of FFAR3 in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Gene 2013; 537:85-92. [PMID: 24325907 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota and microbial influences on lipid and glucose metabolism, satiety, and chronic low-grade inflammation are known to be involved in metabolic syndrome. Fermentation end products, especially short chain fatty acids, are believed to engage the epigenetic regulation of inflammatory reactions via FFARs (free fatty acid receptor) and other short chain fatty acid receptors. We studied a potential interaction of the microbiota with epigenetic regulation in obese and type 2 diabetes patients compared to a lean control group over a four month intervention period. Intervention comprised a GLP-1 agonist (glucagon-like peptide 1) for type 2 diabetics and nutritional counseling for both intervention groups. Microbiota was analyzed for abundance, butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase gene and for diversity by polymerase chain reaction and 454 high-throughput sequencing. Epigenetic methylation of the promoter region of FFAR3 and LINE1 (long interspersed nuclear element 1) was analyzed using bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing. The diversity of the microbiota as well as the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were significantly lower in obese and type 2 diabetic patients compared to lean individuals. Results from Clostridium cluster IV and Clostridium cluster XIVa showed a decreasing trend in type 2 diabetics in comparison to the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA-transferase gene and according to melt curve analysis. During intervention no significant changes were observed in either intervention group. The analysis of five CpGs in the promoter region of FFAR3 showed a significant lower methylation in obese and type 2 diabetics with an increase in obese patients over the intervention period. These results disclosed a significant correlation between a higher body mass index and lower methylation of FFAR3. LINE-1, a marker of global methylation, indicated no significant differences between the three groups or the time points, although methylation of type 2 diabetics tended to increase over time. Our results provide evidence that a different composition of gut microbiota in obesity and type 2 diabetes affect the epigenetic regulation of genes. Interactions between the microbiota and epigenetic regulation may involve not only short chain fatty acids binding to FFARs. Therefore dietary interventions influencing microbial composition may be considered as an option in the engagement against metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Remely
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Aumueller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Merold
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Dworzak
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Berit Hippe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Zanner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Pointner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Brath
- Diabetes Outpatient Clinic, Health Center South, Vienna, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu S, Zhang W, Shi H, Meng Y, Qiu Z. Three novel homozygous mutations in the GNPTG gene that cause mucolipidosis type III gamma. Gene 2013; 535:294-8. [PMID: 24316125 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucolipidosis type III gamma (MLIII gamma) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a mutation in the GNPTG gene, which encodes the γ subunit of the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase). This protein plays a key role in the transport of lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosome. METHODS Three Chinese children with typical skeletal abnormalities of MLIII were identified, who were from unrelated consanguineous families. After obtaining informed consent, genomic DNA was isolated from the patients and their parents. Direct sequencing of the GNPTG and GNPTAB genes was performed using standard PCR reactions. RESULTS The three probands showed clinical features typical of MLIII gamma, such as joint stiffness and vertebral scoliosis without coarsened facial features. Mutation analysis of the GNPTG gene showed that three novel mutations were identified, two in exon seven [c.425G>A (p.Cys142Val)] and [c.515dupC (p.His172Profs27X)], and one in exon eight [c.609+1G>C]. Their parents were determined to be heterozygous carriers when compared to the reference sequence in GenBank on NCBI. CONCLUSIONS Mutation of the GNPTG gene is the cause of MLIII gamma in our patients. Our findings expand the mutation spectrum of the GNPTG gene and extend the knowledge of the phenotype-genotype correlation of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, PUMC Hospital, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huiping Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Zhengqing Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, PUMC Hospital, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing 100730, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Achieving the best possible outcomes requires the reliable implementation of best practices for every patient. Specifically, optimizing outcomes requires a spectrum of research spanning basic science, drug development, clinical efficacy and effectiveness, health services, quality improvement, and implementation research. However, our rapid increase in understanding the mechanisms of health and disease and their treatment has far outpaced our ability to reliably provide that care, resulting in poor reliability and enormous variation in care. T3 translational research studies attempt to answer questions surrounding reliable implementation of interventions, decreasing variations in care, and spreading effective therapies. To answer these questions, T3 research may use traditional research methodology such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs); however, various other approaches such as quasiexperimental designs (eg, time-series analysis) are often used. Although uncommon, T3 research has shown promise in not only improving process measures such as correct dosing of medications, but also outcome measures such as improved remission rates in patients with IBD. A more complete integration of T3 translational research into the more traditional research continuum is necessary if we are to achieve the best possible outcomes for our patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wallace Crandall
- Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ingham RJ, Wang Y, Ingham JC, Bothe AK, Grafton ST. Regional brain activity change predicts responsiveness to treatment for stuttering in adults. Brain Lang 2013; 127:510-519. [PMID: 24210961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Developmental stuttering is known to be associated with aberrant brain activity, but there is no evidence that this knowledge has benefited stuttering treatment. This study investigated whether brain activity could predict progress during stuttering treatment for 21 dextral adults who stutter (AWS). They received one of two treatment programs that included periodic H2(15)O PET scanning (during oral reading, monologue, and eyes-closed rest conditions). All participants successfully completed an initial treatment phase and then entered a phase designed to transfer treatment gains; 9/21 failed to complete this latter phase. The 12 pass and 9 fail participants were similar on speech and neural system variables before treatment, and similar in speech performance after the initial phase of their treatment. At the end of the initial treatment phase, however, decreased activation within a single region, L. putamen, in all 3 scanning conditions was highly predictive of successful treatment progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Ingham
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Animesh S, Paul Aoun DO, Jean Wigham RN, Sue Weist RN, Johannes D. V. Gender determines ACTH recovery from hypercortisolemia in healthy older humans. Metabolism 2013; 62:1819-29. [PMID: 24074810 PMCID: PMC3860097 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Available clinical data raise the possibility that stress-adaptive mechanisms differ by gender. However, this notion has not been rigorously tested in relation to cortisol-mediated negative feedback. MATERIALS/METHODS Degree of ACTH inhibition during and recovery from an experimental cortisol clamp was tested in 20 healthy older subjects (age 60±2.2 y). Volunteers received oral placebo or ketoconazole (KTCZ) to inhibit adrenal steroidogenesis along with i.v. infusions of saline or a low vs high physiological dose of cortisol in a prospectively randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled design. ACTH and cortisol concentrations were measured every 10 min during the feedback-clamp phase and thereafter (recovery or escape phase). Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) was measured, and free cortisol concentrations were calculated. RESULTS Gender did not determine mean ACTH concentrations during the saline or cortisol feedback-clamp phases per se. However, women had markedly impaired ACTH recovery after stopping both low- and high-dose cortisol infusions compared with men (P=0.005, KTCZ/low-dose cortisol arm; and P=0.006, KTCZ/high-dose cortisol arm). Decreased ACTH recovery in women was accompanied by lower total and free cortisol concentrations, pointing to heightened feedback inhibition of hypothalamo-pituitary drive of ACTH secretion as the main mechanism. CONCLUSIONS In summary, gender or a factor related to gender, such as sex steroids or body composition, determines recovery of ACTH secretion from cortisol-enforced negative feedback. Attenuated ACTH recovery in post-menopausal women may have relevance to sex differences in stress-related adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Veldhuis Johannes D.
- Corresponding author. Tel.: + 1 507 255 0902; fax: + 1 507 255 0901. (J.D. Veldhuis)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ortiz de García S, Pinto GP, García-Encina PA, Irusta Mata RI. Ranking of concern, based on environmental indexes, for pharmaceutical and personal care products: an application to the Spanish case. J Environ Manage 2013; 129:384-97. [PMID: 23995140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are present in the environment, and many of their adverse effects are unknown. The emergence of new compounds or changes in regulations have led to dynamical studies of occurrence, impact and treatment, which consider geographical areas and trends in consumption and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. A Quantitative study of Structure-Activity Relationship ((Q)SAR) was performed to assess the possible adverse effects of ninety six PPCPs and metabolites with negligible experimental data and establish a ranking of concern, which was supported by the EPA EPI Suite™ interface. The environmental and toxicological indexes, the persistence (P), the bioaccumulation (B), the toxicity (T) (extensive) and the occurrence in Spanish aquatic environments (O) (intensive) were evaluated. The most hazardous characteristics in the largest number of compounds were generated by the P index, followed by the T and B indexes. A high number of metabolites has a concern score equal to or greater than their parent compounds. Three PBT and OPBT rankings of concern were proposed using the total and partial ranking method (supported by a Hasse diagram) by the Decision Analysis by Ranking Techniques (DART) tool, which was recently recommended by the European Commission. An analysis of the sensibility of the relative weights of these indexes has been conducted. Hormones, antidepressants (and their metabolites), blood lipid regulators and all of the personal care products considered in this study were at the highest levels of risk according to the PBT and OPBT total rankings. Furthermore, when the OPBT partial ranking was performed, X-ray contrast media, H2 blockers and some antibiotics were included at the highest level of concern. It is important to improve and incorporate useful indexes for the predicted environmental impact of PPCPs and metabolites and thus focus experimental analysis on the compounds that require urgent attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla Ortiz de García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain(1); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Carabobo, Av. Salvador Allende, Campus Bárbula, Carabobo, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela(3).
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chacon-Camacho OF, Buentello-Volante B, Velázquez-Montoya R, Ayala-Ramirez R, Zenteno JC. Homozygosity mapping identifies a GALK1 mutation as the cause of autosomal recessive congenital cataracts in 4 adult siblings. Gene 2014; 534:218-21. [PMID: 24211322 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monogenic congenital cataract is one of the most genetically heterogeneous ocular conditions with almost 30 different genes involved in its etiology. In adult patients, genotype-phenotype correlations are troubled by eye surgery during infancy and/or long-term ocular complications. Here, we describe the molecular diagnosis of GALK1 deficiency as the cause of autosomal recessive congenital cataract in a family from Costa Rica. METHODS Four affected siblings were included in the study. All of them underwent eye surgery during the first decade but medical records were not available. Congenital cataract was diagnosed by report. Molecular analysis included genome wide homozygosity mapping using a 250K SNP Affymetrix microarray followed by PCR amplification and direct nucleotide sequencing of candidate gene. RESULTS Genome wide homozygosity mapping revealed a 6Mb region of homozygosity shared by two affected siblings at 17q25. The GALK1 gene was included in this interval and direct sequencing of this gene revealed a homozygous c.1144C>T mutation (p.Q382) in all four affected subjects. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the utility of homozygosity mapping in the retrospective diagnosis of a family with congenital cataracts in which ocular surgery at early age, the lack of medical records, and the presence of long term eye complications, impeded a clear clinical diagnosis during the initial phases of evaluation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Gingnell M, Bannbers E, Wikström J, Fredrikson M, Sundström-Poromaa I. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder and prefrontal reactivity during anticipation of emotional stimuli. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1474-83. [PMID: 24001875 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Premenstrual disorder (PMDD) affects around 5% of women in childbearing ages. An increased sensitivity in emotion processing areas of the brain to variations in ovarian steroid levels has been suggested as part of the pathophysiology in PMDD, but prior neuroimaging studies of emotion processing are yet inconclusive. Previous behavioral studies of women with PMDD have, however, reported enhanced luteal phase startle responsivity during emotional anticipation. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate central neural circuitry activity during anticipation of, and exposure to, emotional stimuli across the menstrual cycle in women with and without PMDD. As compared to healthy controls, women with PMDD displayed significantly enhanced reactivity in the prefrontal cortex during anticipation of, but not exposure to, negative emotional stimuli during the luteal phase. In PMDD patients, BOLD reactivity during anticipation or viewing of negative emotional stimuli was not dependent on absolute levels of estradiol or progesterone. However, progesterone levels were positively correlated with emotion-induced reactivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to positive emotional stimuli. These findings suggest that cortical emotional circuitry reactivity during anticipation is altered in PMDD during the luteal phase, which might be part of the pathophysiology behind the emotional symptoms or lack of emotional control reported by women with PMDD.
Collapse
|
40
|
Murphy SJ, Hart SN, Lima JF, Kipp BR, Klebig M, Winters JL, Szabo C, Zhang L, Eckloff BW, Petersen GM, Scherer SE, Gibbs RA, McWilliams RR, Vasmatzis G, Couch FJ. Genetic alterations associated with progression from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive pancreatic tumor. Gastroenterology 2013; 145:1098-1109.e1. [PMID: 23912084 PMCID: PMC3926442 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Increasing grade of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) has been associated with progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the mechanisms that control progression from PanINs to PDAC are not well understood. We investigated the genetic alterations involved in this process. METHODS Genomic DNA samples from laser-capture microdissected PDACs and adjacent PanIN2 and PanIN3 lesions from 10 patients with pancreatic cancer were analyzed by exome sequencing. RESULTS Similar numbers of somatic mutations were identified in PanINs and tumors, but the mutational load varied greatly among cases. Ten of the 15 isolated PanINs shared more than 50% of somatic mutations with associated tumors. Mutations common to tumors and clonally related PanIN2 and PanIN3 lesions were identified as genes that could promote carcinogenesis. KRAS and TP53 frequently were altered in PanINs and tumors, but few other recurrently modified genes were detected. Mutations in DNA damage response genes were prevalent in all samples. Genes that encode proteins involved in gap junctions, the actin cytoskeleton, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, axon guidance, and cell-cycle regulation were among the earliest targets of mutagenesis in PanINs that progressed to PDAC. CONCLUSIONS Early stage PanIN2 lesions appear to contain many of the somatic gene alterations required for PDAC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Murphy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Steven N. Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Joema Felipe Lima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Kipp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Mitchell Klebig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer L Winters
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Csilla Szabo
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences,
Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Bruce W. Eckloff
- Medical Genomics Facility, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Gloria M. Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Steven E. Scherer
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - George Vasmatzis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota 55905, USA ,Corresponding Authors: Fergus J. Couch, Mayo
Clinic, Stabile Building, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507)
284-3623, Fax: (507) 538-1937, George Vasmatzis, Mayo Clinic, Medical Sciences
Building, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507) 266-4617, Fax:
(507) 266-1163
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA,Corresponding Authors: Fergus J. Couch, Mayo
Clinic, Stabile Building, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507)
284-3623, Fax: (507) 538-1937, George Vasmatzis, Mayo Clinic, Medical Sciences
Building, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905, Phone: (507) 266-4617, Fax:
(507) 266-1163
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Garteiser P, Doblas S, Towner RA, Griffin TM. Calibration of a semi-automated segmenting method for quantification of adipose tissue compartments from magnetic resonance images of mice. Metabolism 2013; 62:1686-95. [PMID: 23890668 PMCID: PMC3809152 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use an automated water-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to objectively assess adipose tissue (AT) volumes in whole body and specific regional body components (subcutaneous, thoracic and peritoneal) of obese and lean mice. MATERIALS/METHODS Water-suppressed MR images were obtained on a 7T, horizontal-bore MRI system in whole bodies (excluding head) of 26 week old male C57BL6J mice fed a control (10% kcal fat) or high-fat diet (60% kcal fat) for 20 weeks. Manual (outlined regions) versus automated (Gaussian fitting applied to threshold-weighted images) segmentation procedures were compared for whole body AT and regional AT volumes (i.e., subcutaneous, thoracic, and peritoneal). The AT automated segmentation method was compared to dual-energy X-ray (DXA) analysis. RESULTS The average AT volumes for whole body and individual compartments correlated well between the manual outlining and the automated methods (R2>0.77, p<0.05). Subcutaneous, peritoneal, and total body AT volumes were increased 2-3 fold and thoracic AT volume increased more than 5-fold in diet-induced obese mice versus controls (p<0.05). MRI and DXA-based method comparisons were highly correlative (R2=0.94, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Automated AT segmentation of water-suppressed MRI data using a global Gaussian filtering algorithm resulted in a fairly accurate assessment of total and regional AT volumes in a pre-clinical mouse model of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Garteiser
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Sabrina Doblas
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Rheal A. Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Corresponding author: Rheal A. Towner, Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104; Phone: (405) 271-7383;
| | - Timothy M. Griffin
- Free Radical Biology & Aging, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shah K, Singh M, Rai AC. Effec t of heat-shock induced oxidative stress is suppressed in BcZAT12 expressing drought tolerant tomato. Phytochemistry 2013; 95:109-117. [PMID: 23962802 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor ZAT12 is a member of stress-responsive C2H2 type zinc finger protein (ZFP) reported to control the expression of stress-activated genes mediated via ROS in plants. BcZAT12-transformed tomato cv. H-86, var. Kashi vishesh (lines ZT1-ZT6) over-expressing the gene product is demonstrated herein to be tolerant to heat-shock (HS)-induced oxidative stress. Results reveal that the relative expression of ZAT12 as well as heat induced Hsp17.4 and Hsp21 gene transcripts increased in transgenic upon exposure to HS. The transformed tomato lines ZT1 and ZT5 had significantly lowered free radical formation, improved electrolyte leakage, relative water content and chlorophyll levels with an enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase when exposed to HS. HS-induced oxidative stress by over-expression of the BcZAT12 gene transcripts in tomato as well as by largely enhancing the ROS-scavenging capacity and up regulation of Hsp transcripts. This enables the transgenic tomato plants to acquire a greater ability to counteract HS-induced oxidative stress, being endowed with more reduced antioxidant pools. The use of these HS-tolerant tomato lines could possibly be used for tomato cultivation in the areas affected by sudden temperature changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Shah
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, U.P., India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ciaraldi TP, Aroda V, Mudaliar SR, Henry RR. Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, skeletal muscle and polycystic ovary syndrome: effects of pioglitazone and metformin treatment. Metabolism 2013; 62:1587-96. [PMID: 23958241 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic low-grade inflammation is a common feature of insulin resistant states, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Less is known about inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Thus we evaluated the impact of PCOS on circulating cytokine levels and the effects of anti-diabetic therapies on insulin action, cytokine and chemokine levels and inflammatory signaling in skeletal muscle. METHODS Twenty subjects with PCOS and 12 healthy normal cycling (NC) subjects of similar body mass index were studied. PCOS subjects received oral placebo or pioglitazone, 45 mg/d, for 6 months. All PCOS subjects then had metformin, 2 g/day, added to their treatment. Circulating levels of cytokines, chemokines, and adiponectin, skeletal muscle markers of inflammation and phosphorylation of signaling proteins, insulin action evaluated by the hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp procedure and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance were measured. RESULTS Circulating levels of a number of cytokines and chemokines were generally similar between PCOS and NC subjects. Levels in PCOS subjects were not altered by pioglitazone or metformin treatment, even though whole body insulin action and adiponectin levels increased with pioglitazone. In spite of the lack of change in levels of cytokines and chemokines, several markers of inflammation in skeletal muscle were improved with Pio treatment. CONCLUSIONS PCOS may represent a state of elevated sensitivity of inflammatory cells in skeletal muscle to cytokines and chemokines, a property that could be reversed by pioglitazone treatment together with improved insulin action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Musk is widely used as a traditional drug in Asia for the treatment of stroke, tumour, and cardiopathy with an oral dosage of 0.03-0.1 g per day. Because of the potential anabolic effect, musk preparations have been included in the list of medical products containing prohibited substances employed for doping. The application of musk pod formulation was regarded as the reason of some adverse analytical findings in the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup. In order to investigate the influence of musk administration on the doping test, we executed a chemical analysis and excretion study. The gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis demonstrated the diversity of steroid concentrations in musk samples. Furthermore, the δ(13)C-values of steroids from wild deer musk showed more depleted than those of domestic deer musk by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) analysis. Because the steroids from some musk had δ(13)C-values in the range of naturally produced steroids in human body, the possible abuse of this kind of musk is very hard to be detected by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) in doping control. Musk grains from wild and domestic deer were administrated for the excretion study respectively. Spot urine samples were collected from two male volunteers before and after 100 mg musk grains administration. The profiles and carbon isotope ratios of urinary steroids were determined by GC-MS and GC/C/IRMS. The ingestion of either wild or domestic deer musk did not lead to the adverse analytical finding of doping control in the single dosage of 100mg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang X, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Exposure to monocrotophos pesticide causes disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 193:158-66. [PMID: 23948368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormones (THs) 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) and l-thyroxine (T4) exert a wide range of biological effects on physiological processes of fish. To elucidate the thyroid disruption effects of monocrotophos (MCP), an organophosphate pesticide, on male goldfish (Carassius auratus), thyroid follicle histology, plasma total T3 (TT3), total T4 (TT4), free T3 (FT3) and free T4 levels, and the mRNA expression of indices involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT axis) were examined following 21-day exposure to 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00mg/L of a 40% MCP-based pesticide. The results showed that MCP exposure induced the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of thyroid follicular epithelium and led to decreased plasma TT3 levels and TT3-to-TT4 ratios, without effect on plasma TT4 levels. Profiles of the changes in the relative abundance of deiodinase (D1, D2 and D3) transcripts were observed in the liver, brain and kidneys, during MCP exposure. An increase in the metabolism of T3, expressed as highly elevated hepatic d1 and d3 mRNA levels, might be associated with the reduction in plasma TT3 levels in both the 0.01 and 0.10mg/L groups, while in the 1.00mg/L MCP group, inhibited hepatic d2 transcripts might have also resulted in decreased TT3 levels by preventing the activation of T4 to T3. As a compensatory response to decreased T3 levels, pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone β subunit mRNA transcription was up-regulated by the MCP pesticide. Decreases in plasma FT3 levels were also correlated with the modulation of hepatic transthyretin mRNA expression. Overall, the MCP pesticide exhibited thyroid-disrupting effects via interference with the HPT axis at multiple potential sites, resulting in disturbance of TH homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- Marine Life Science College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Swart AC, Schloms L, Storbeck KH, Bloem LM, Toit TD, Quanson JL, Rainey WE, Swart P. 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, the product of androstenedione metabolism in the adrenal, is metabolized in LNCaP cells by 5α-reductase yielding 11β-hydroxy-5α-androstanedione. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:132-42. [PMID: 23685396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4), which is unique to the adrenal, was first isolated from human adrenal tissue in the fifties. It was later shown in the sixties that 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT) was also produced by the human adrenal. Attention has shifted back to these adrenal androgens once more, as improved analytical techniques have enabled more accurate detection of steroid hormones. In this paper, we investigated the origin of these metabolites as well as their subsequent metabolism and examined a possible physiological role for 11OHA4 in prostate cancer cells. In H295R cells treated with forskolin and trilostane, etomidate, a reported cytochrome P450 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) inhibitor, blocked the production of corticosterone, cortisol, 11OHA4 and 11OHT. The metabolism of androstenedione and testosterone by CYP11B1 and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) was assayed. Androstenedione was converted by CYP11B1, while the conversion by CYP11B2 was negligible. Both enzymes readily converted testosterone. The metabolism of these 11β-hydroxylated metabolites by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) types 1 and 2 was subsequently investigated. 11βHSD2 catalyzed the conversion of both 11OHA4 and 11OHT to their respective keto-steroids, while 11βHSD1 catalyzed the conversion of 11-ketoandrostenedione and 11-ketotestosterone to their respective hydroxy-steroids in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Investigating a functional role, steroid 5α-reductase types 1 and 2 converted 11OHA4 to 11β-hydroxy-5α-androstanedione (11OH-5α-dione), identified by accurate mass detection. UPLC-MS/MS analyses of 11OHA4 metabolism in LNCaP androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells, identified the 5α-reduced metabolite as well as 11-ketoandrostenedione and 11-ketotestosterone, with the latter indicating conversion by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Downstream metabolism by 11βHSD2 and by 5α-reductase may therefore indicate a physiological role for 11OHA4 and/or 11OH-5α-dione in normal and prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Swart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kerver HN, Wade J. Seasonal and sexual dimorphisms in expression of androgen recep tor and its coactivators in brain and peripheral copulatory tissues of the green anole. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 193:56-67. [PMID: 23892016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Green anoles are seasonally breeding lizards, with an annual rise in testosterone (T) being the primary activator of male sexual behaviors. Responsiveness to T is decreased in the non-breeding season (NBS) compared to breeding season (BS) on a variety of levels, including displays of reproductive behavior and the morphology and biochemistry of associated tissues. To evaluate the possibility that seasonal changes in responsiveness to T are regulated by androgen receptors (AR) and/or two of its coactivators, CREB binding protein (CBP) and steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), we tested whether they differ in expression across season in brains of both sexes and in peripheral copulatory tissues of males (hemipenis and retractor penis magnus muscle). AR mRNA was increased in the brains of males compared to females and in copulatory muscle in the BS compared to NBS. In the hemipenis, transcriptional activity appeared generally diminished in the NBS. T-treatment increased AR mRNA in the copulatory muscle and AR protein in the hemipenis, the latter to a greater extent in the BS than the NBS. T also decreased SRC-1 protein in hemipenis. Interpretations are complicated, in part because levels of mRNA and protein expression were not correlated and multiple sizes of the AR and CBP proteins were detected, with some tissue specificity. However, the results are consistent with the idea that differences in receptor and coactivator expression at central and peripheral levels may play roles in regulating sex and seasonal differences in the motivation or physical ability to engage in sexual behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halie N Kerver
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1101, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Reid PM, Divers SL, Zadmajid V, Alqaisi KM, Lokman PM. S teroidogenic acute regulatory protein transcript abundance in the eel, Anguilla australis: changes during the induced reproductive cycle and effects of follicle-stimulating hormone during previtellogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:464-70. [PMID: 23403152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA levels in the eel ovary were assayed by quantitative PCR and related to plasma steroid levels throughout oogenesis in order to shed light on the previously considered 'aberrant' prematurational increase in plasma levels of estradiol-17β (E2). Total ovarian StAR transcript abundance mirrored circulating levels of E2, but not of 11-ketotestosterone (11KT). The study was complemented by evaluation of in vitro effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on ovarian StAR transcript abundance and on short-term ('acute') radiolabelled pregnenolone-supported steroid metabolism by ovarian fragments to understand how the production of steroids during previtellogenic oocyte growth is regulated. We observed a significant effect of FSH on StAR mRNA levels within 24h of incubation, but these were no longer evident by 4 days of culture. Unexpectedly, FSH had no effect on substrate-supported steroidogenesis, as comparable yields of steroid products were detected using semi-quantitative HPLC and scintillation counting. We conclude that the eel ovarian follicle can respond to FSH from a very early stage of development (early oil droplet stage) by increasing StAR mRNA levels, but that there is no evidence for acute effects of FSH on bioactive steroid production downstream of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage. Furthermore, the prematurational increase in StAR mRNA in vivo is in keeping with general teleost models and is likely to be a 'normal' response to reaching advanced stages of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Reid
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sánchez-Hernández M, Chaves-Pozo E, Cabas I, Mulero V, García-Ayala A, García-Alcázar A. Testosterone implants modify the steroid hormone balance and the gonadal physiology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) males. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:183-94. [PMID: 23743364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Androgens can induce complete spermatogenesis in immature or prepubertal teleost fish; however, many aspects of the role of androgens in adult teleost spermatogenesis remain elusive. We used the in situ forming microparticle (ISM) system containing 1mg of testosterone (T)/kg body weight (T-ISM) in a homogenous population of gilthead seabream at testicular involution stage to study in vivo the effects of T on the sex steroid hormone balance and on the physiology of the gilthead seabream gonad. The levels of T, 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) in plasma, gonad and liver were determined in T-ISM implanted specimens after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The effect of T-ISM was evaluated on (i) de novo synthesis and metabolism of T in the gonad and liver by measuring the gene expression levels of the main steroidogenic proteins involved, (ii) the progress of spermatogenesis, (iii) the presence of different leukocyte cell types in the gonad, and (iv) the mRNA expression of some genes involved in the leukocyte migratory influx into the gonad and of some immune-relevant molecules. T-ISM implants promote an increase of T up to supra-physiological levels which induce a depletion of E2 levels and maintain the 11KT levels at physiological concentrations. The gene expression profile of some steroidogenic enzymes in gonad and liver ruled out the transformation of T into estrogenic compounds following T-ISM implantation. Moreover, androgens may also be involved in the leukocyte migratory influx, which occurred even when cytokine, chemokine and cell adhesion molecule gene expressions were down-regulated. Moreover, T-ISM implants block germ cell proliferation, although increased dmrt1 gene expression may prevent the complete depletion of germ cells in the gonad. Furthermore, T down-regulated the expression of several tlr genes, which may result in the inhibition of the immune response in the gonad through the impaired ability to recognize and respond to pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sánchez-Hernández
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tamae D, Byrns M, Marck B, Mostaghel EA, Nelson PS, Lange P, Lin D, Taplin ME, Balk S, Ellis W, True L, Vessella R, Montgomery B, Blair IA, Penning TM. Development, validation and application of a stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization/selected reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry (SID-LC/ESI/SRM/MS) method for quantification of keto-androgens in human serum. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:281-9. [PMID: 23851165 PMCID: PMC3866616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed form of cancer in males in the United States. The disease is androgen driven and the use of orchiectomy or chemical castration, known as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been employed for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer for over 70 years. Agents such as GnRH agonists and non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonists are routinely used in the clinic, but eventually relapse occurs due to the emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer. With the appreciation that androgen signaling still persists in these patients and the development of new therapies such as abiraterone and enzalutamide that further suppresses androgen synthesis or signaling, there is a renewed need for sensitive and specific methods to quantify androgen precursor and metabolite levels to assess drug efficacy. We describe the development, validation and application of a stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography electrospray ionization selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SID-LC/ESI/SRM/MS) method for quantification of serum keto-androgens and their sulfate and glucuronide conjugates using Girard-T oxime derivatives. The method is robust down to 0.2-4pg on column, depending on the androgen metabolite quantified, and can also quantify dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in only 1μL of serum. The clinical utility of this method was demonstrated by analyzing serum androgens from patients enrolled in a clinical trial assessing combinations of pharmacological agents to maximally suppress gonadal and adrenal androgens (Targeted Androgen Pathway Suppression, TAPS clinical trial). The method was validated by correlating the results obtained with a hydroxylamine derivatization procedure coupled with tandem mass spectrometry using selected reaction monitoring that was conducted in an independent laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tamae
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Byrns
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brett Marck
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elahe A. Mostaghel
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paul Lange
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States
| | - Daniel Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center and Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven Balk
- Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center and Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - William Ellis
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States
| | - Larry True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Robert Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Trevor M. Penning
- Centers of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, 1315 BRBII/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6061, United States. Tel.: +1 215 898 9445; fax: +1 215 573 0200
| |
Collapse
|