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Zhu T, Kong M, Yu Y, Schartl M, Power DM, Li C, Ma W, Sun Y, Li S, Yue B, Li W, Shao C. Exosome delivery to the testes for dmrt1 suppression: A powerful tool for sex-determining gene studies. J Control Release 2023; 363:275-289. [PMID: 37726035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles about 100 nm in diameter. They are emerging as promising delivery platforms due to their advantages in biocompatibility and engineerability. However, research into and applications for engineered exosomes are still limited to a few areas of medicine in mammals. Here, we expanded the scope of their applications to sex-determining gene studies in early vertebrates. An integrated strategy for constructing the exosome-based delivery system was developed for efficient regulation of dmrt1, which is one of the most widely used sex-determining genes in metazoans. By combining classical methods in molecular biology and the latest technology in bioinformatics, isomiR-124a was identified as a dmrt1 inhibitor and was loaded into exosomes and a testis-targeting peptide was used to modify exosomal surface for efficient delivery. Results showed that isomiR-124a was efficiently delivered to the testes by engineered exosomes and revealed that dmrt1 played important roles in maintaining the regular structure and function of testis in juvenile fish. This is the first de novo development of an exosome-based delivery system applied in the study of sex-determining gene, which indicates an attractive prospect for the future applications of engineered exosomes in exploring more extensive biological conundrums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Guangyun Road 33, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Sanderring 2, Würzburg 97074, Germany; The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Deborah Mary Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Algarve, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Chen Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266072, China
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanxu Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bowen Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Weijing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanjing Road 106, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhaizhong Road 168, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Gan R, Cai J, Sun C, Wang Z, Yang W, Meng F, Zhang L, Zhang W. Transcription factors Dmrt1a, Foxl2, and Nr5a1a potentially interact to regulate cyp19a1a transcription in ovarian follicles of ricefield eel (Monopterus albus). J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 231:106310. [PMID: 37044240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Aromatase (encoded by Cyp19a1) in the ovarian follicular cells catalyzes the production of estradiol from testosterone, which plays important roles in the ovarian development of vertebrates. In the present study, the interaction of Dmrt1, Foxl2, and Nr5a1a on the regulation of cyp19a1a transcription in ovarian follicles was examined in a teleost, the ricefield eel Monopterus albus. The expression of dmrt1a, foxl2, and nr5a1a was detected in ovarian follicular cells together with cyp19a1a at the mRNA and/or protein levels. Sequence analysis identified one conserved Foxo binding site in the proximal promoter region of ricefield eel cyp19a1a. Transient transfection assay showed that Foxl2 may bind to the conserved Foxo site to activate cyp19a1a transcription and act synergistically with Nr5a1a. Mutation of either the conserved Nr5a1 site or Foxo site abolished or significantly decreased the synergistic effects of Nr5a1a and Foxl2 on cyp19a1a transcription. The sequence between Region III and I-box of Nr5a1a was critical to this synergistic effect. Dmrt1a modulated the Foxl2- and Nr5a1a-induced activation of cyp19a1a transcription and their synergistic effects in a biphasic manner, with inhibitory roles observed at lower doses (10 to 50ng) but release of the inhibition or even potentiating effects observed at higher doses (100 to 200ng). Collectively, data of the present study suggest that the interaction of Dmrt1a, Foxl2, and Nr5a1a in the ovarian follicular cells may facilitate the adequate expression of cyp19a1a and the production of estradiol, and contribute to the development and maturation of ovarian follicles in ricefield eels and other vertebrates as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riping Gan
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Feiyan Meng
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Biology Department, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Papadogiannis V, Manousaki T, Nousias O, Tsakogiannis A, Kristoffersen JB, Mylonas CC, Batargias C, Chatziplis D, Tsigenopoulos CS. Chromosome genome assembly for the meagre, Argyrosomus regius, reveals species adaptations and sciaenid sex-related locus evolution. Front Genet 2023; 13:1081760. [PMID: 36704347 PMCID: PMC9871315 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1081760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The meagre, Argyrosomus regius, has recently become a species of increasing economic interest for the Mediterranean aquaculture and there is ongoing work to boost production efficiency through selective breeding. Access to the complete genomic sequence will provide an essential resource for studying quantitative trait-associated loci and exploring the genetic diversity of different wild populations and aquaculture stocks in more detail. Here, we present the first complete genome for A. regius, produced through a combination of long and short read technologies and an efficient in-house developed pipeline for assembly and polishing. Scaffolding using previous linkage map data allowed us to reconstruct a chromosome level assembly with high completeness, complemented with gene annotation and repeat masking. The 696 Mb long assembly has an N50 = 27.87 Mb and an L50 = 12, with 92.85% of its length placed in 24 chromosomes. We use this new resource to study the evolution of the meagre genome and other Sciaenids, via a comparative analysis of 25 high-quality teleost genomes. Combining a rigorous investigation of gene duplications with base-wise conservation analysis, we identify candidate loci related to immune, fat metabolism and growth adaptations in the meagre. Following phylogenomic reconstruction, we show highly conserved synteny within Sciaenidae. In contrast, we report rapidly evolving syntenic rearrangements and gene copy changes in the sex-related dmrt1 neighbourhood in meagre and other members of the family. These novel genomic datasets and findings will add important new tools for aquaculture studies and greatly facilitate husbandry and breeding work in the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Papadogiannis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Tereza Manousaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Orestis Nousias
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Heraklion, Crete, Greece,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Tsakogiannis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Jon B. Kristoffersen
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Constantinos C. Mylonas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Chatziplis
- Department of Agriculture, International Hellenic University (IHU), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas S. Tsigenopoulos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Heraklion, Crete, Greece,*Correspondence: Costas S. Tsigenopoulos,
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Zhong Z, Wang Y, Feng Y, Xu Y, Zhao L, Jiang Y, Zhang Z. The molecular regulation mechanism of dmrt1-based on the establishment of the testis cell line derived from two-spot puffer Takifugu bimaculatus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2022; 48:1475-1494. [PMID: 36445491 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of fish cell lines can provide an important in vitro model for developmental biology, pathology, and genetics and also an effective tool to investigate the interactions and related functions of genes. Two-spot puffer Takifugu bimaculatus is a high economic and nutritional value marine fish in Fujian in recent years. Nevertheless, dmrt1 plays a key role in the male differentiation from invertebrates to vertebrates. To understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of dmrt1 in T. bimaculatus, a testis cell line called TBTc from a juvenile testis of this organism was established with modified Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 20% FBS, fish serum, embryo extract, and other growth factors. The TBTc with a stable karyotype can be passaged continuously, which was composed of fibroblast-like cells and expressed the marker genes of male-special cells, dmrt1, and amh, and the absence of vasa expression may rule out the possibility of the presence of germ cells. Therefore, TBTc appeared to consist of the mixture of the Sertoli cell and germ cell of the testis. The dmrt1 was significantly expressed in the testes and slightly expressed in the late embryonic development, illustrating that the dmrt1 may participate in the molecular regulation of gonads development and sex differentiation. With the high transfection efficiency of TBTc by electroporation, the cell lines could be used effectively in the study for the expression of exogenous and endogenous genes. Meanwhile, after the knockdown of dmrt1, the morphological changes and survival rates of cells proved that dmrt1 could affect the growth of testicular cells. Furthermore, with the loss of dmrt1, the expression of male-bias genes amh, sox9, and cyp11a was significantly decreased, and the expression of female-bias genes foxl2, sox3, and cyp19a was increased, which suggested that dmrt1 upregulates amh, sox9, and cyp11a and downregulates foxl2, sox3, and cyp19a to participate in the testis development. As a first fish gonadal cell lines of T. bimaculatus, which can be a more convenient, efficient, and rapid model for the investigation of the expression and function of genes, the results will lay a foundation for the next study of the molecular regulation mechanism in gonadal development and sex determination of fish in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Wang L, Sun F, Wan ZY, Yang Z, Tay YX, Lee M, Ye B, Wen Y, Meng Z, Fan B, Alfiko Y, Shen Y, Piferrer F, Meyer A, Schartl M, Yue GH. Transposon-induced epigenetic silencing in the X chromosome as a novel form of dmrt1 expression regulation during sex determination in the fighting fish. BMC Biol 2022; 20:5. [PMID: 34996452 PMCID: PMC8742447 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fishes are the one of the most diverse groups of animals with respect to their modes of sex determination, providing unique models for uncovering the evolutionary and molecular mechanisms underlying sex determination and reversal. Here, we have investigated how sex is determined in a species of both commercial and ecological importance, the Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens. Results We conducted association mapping on four commercial and two wild populations of B. splendens. In three of the four commercial populations, the master sex determining (MSD) locus was found to be located in a region of ~ 80 kb on LG2 which harbours five protein coding genes, including dmrt1, a gene involved in male sex determination in different animal taxa. In these fish, dmrt1 shows a male-biased gonadal expression from undifferentiated stages to adult organs and the knockout of this gene resulted in ovarian development in XY genotypes. Genome sequencing of XX and YY genotypes identified a transposon, drbx1, inserted into the fourth intron of the X-linked dmrt1 allele. Methylation assays revealed that epigenetic changes induced by drbx1 spread out to the promoter region of dmrt1. In addition, drbx1 being inserted between two closely linked cis-regulatory elements reduced their enhancer activities. Thus, epigenetic changes, induced by drbx1, contribute to the reduced expression of the X-linked dmrt1 allele, leading to female development. This represents a previously undescribed solution in animals relying on dmrt1 function for sex determination. Differentiation between the X and Y chromosomes is limited to a small region of ~ 200 kb surrounding the MSD gene. Recombination suppression spread slightly out of the SD locus. However, this mechanism was not found in the fourth commercial stock we studied, or in the two wild populations analysed, suggesting that it originated recently during domestication. Conclusions Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the role of epigenetic regulation of dmrt1 in sex determination and turnover of SD systems and suggest that fighting fish are a suitable model to study the initial stages of sex chromosome evolution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01205-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Fei Sun
- Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Zi Yi Wan
- Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Zituo Yang
- Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Yi Xuan Tay
- Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - May Lee
- Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Baoqing Ye
- Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Yanfei Wen
- Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Zining Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, Yangjiang Polytechnic, Yangjiang, 529500, China
| | - Yuzer Alfiko
- Biotech Lab, Wilmar International, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA.
| | - Gen Hua Yue
- Molecular Population Genetics & Breeding Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, 117604, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Cui Z, Zhang J, Sun Z, Liu B, Han Y, Zhao C, Chang Y. Testis-specific expression pattern of dmrt1 and its putative regulatory region in the sea urchin (Mesocentrotus nudus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110668. [PMID: 34384887 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sea urchin (Mseocentrotus nudus) is an economically important mariculture species in several Asian countries. The growth rate and immunocompetence differ by sex in this species. However, the mechanisms of sex determination in M. nudus have remain unclear. In the present study, we focus on the dmrt1 gene of M. nudus (Mndmrt1) to investigate its dynamic expression pattern during different developmental stages. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) revealed that Mndmrt1 exhibits testis-specific expression and undetectable during the whole embryogenesis. With the development of ontogenetic, Mndmrt1 transcripts are first detected at 9 months post-fertilization (mpf). In addition, both the transcripts and protein of Mndmrt1 gene were specifically expressed in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, indicating that it might be a male germ cells marker in sea urchin. Significantly, the 1441 bp promoter sequence of Mndmrt1 gene was obtained by DNA walking, and one positive regulatory region at -1197/ -968 in the promoter, as well as one negative regulatory region at -1441/ -1198 have been identified by promoter activity analysis. Moreover, two regulatory regions contain multiple putative binding sites for transcription factors, including Sp1, Egr1, Sox5, CEBP, GATA and SRY. These findings suggest that Mndmrt1 may be related to testis differentiation and spermatogenesis in sea urchin and will provide an insight into understanding the regulatory mechanism of the dmrt1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouping Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture& Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture& Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Zhihui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture& Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Bingzheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture& Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yalun Han
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture& Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture& Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture& Stock Enhancement in North China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Dai S, Qi S, Wei X, Liu X, Li Y, Zhou X, Xiao H, Lu B, Wang D, Li M. Germline sexual fate is determined by the antagonistic action of dmrt1 and foxl3/foxl2 in tilapia. Development 2021; 148:dev.199380. [PMID: 33741713 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Germline sexual fate has long been believed to be determined by the somatic environment, but this idea is challenged by recent studies of foxl3 mutants in medaka. Here, we demonstrate that the sexual fate of tilapia germline is determined by the antagonistic interaction of dmrt1 and foxl3, which are transcriptionally repressed in male and female germ cells, respectively. Loss of dmrt1 rescued the germ cell sex reversal in foxl3Δ7/Δ7 XX fish, and loss of foxl3 partially rescued germ cell sex reversal but not somatic cell fate in dmrt1Δ5/Δ5 XY fish. Interestingly, germ cells lost sexual plasticity in dmrt1Δ5/Δ5 XY and foxl3Δ7/Δ7 XX single mutants, as aromatase inhibitor (AI) and estrogen treatment failed to rescue the respective phenotypes. However, recovery of germ cell sexual plasticity was observed in dmrt1/foxl3 double mutants. Importantly, mutation of somatic cell-specific foxl2 resulted in testicular development in foxl3Δ7/Δ7 or dmrt1Δ5/Δ5 mutants. Our findings demonstrate that sexual plasticity of germ cells relies on the presence of both dmrt1 and foxl3. The existence of dmrt1 and foxl3 allows environmental factors to influence the sex fate decision in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuangshuang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xueyan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xingyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yibing Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hesheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Baoyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Wu GC, Dufour S, Chang CF. Molecular and cellular regulation on sex change in hermaphroditic fish, with a special focus on protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111069. [PMID: 33127483 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In teleost fish, sex can be determined by genetic factors, environmental factors, or both. Unlike in gonochoristic fish, in which sex is fixed in adults, sex can change in adults of hermaphroditic fish species. Thus, sex is generated during the initial gonadal differentiation stage (primary sex differentiation) and later during sexual fate alternation (secondary sex differentiation) in hermaphroditic fish species. Depending on the species, sex phase alternation can be induced by endogenous cues (such as individual age and body size) or by social cues (such as sex ratio or relative body size within the population). In general, the fluctuation in plasma estradiol-17β (E2) levels is correlated with the sexual fate alternation in hermaphroditic fish. Hormonal treatments can artificially induce sexual phase alternation in sequential hermaphroditic fishes, but in a transient and reversible manner. This is the case for the E2-induced female phase in protandrous black porgy and the methyltestosterone (MT)- or aromatase inhibitor (AI)-induced male phase in protogynous grouper. Recent reviews have focused on the different forms of sex change in fish who undergo sequential sex change, especially in terms of gene expression and the role of hormones. In this review, we use the protandrous black porgy, a nonsocial cue-influenced hermaphroditic species, with digonic gonads (ovarian and testis separated by a connective tissue), as a model to describe our findings and discuss the molecular and cellular regulation of sexual fate determination in hermaphroditic fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Chung Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Laboratory Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
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Wang Q, Wang R, Feng B, Li S, Mahboob S, Shao C. Cloning and functional analysis of c/ebpα as negative regulator of dmrt1 in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Gene 2020; 768:145321. [PMID: 33221538 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
c/ebpα is a member of the C/EBP family of transcription factors, which are involved in cell growth and differentiation and have a conserved basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain. However, little is known about its function in sex determination and differentiation. In the present study, c/ebpα was cloned from the gonads of Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). The full-length cDNA of c/ebpα was 1583 bp, with a 198-bp 5' UTR, a 446-bp 3' UTR, and a 939-bp open reading frame encoding a 312-amino acid peptide. qRT-PCR revealed that c/ebpα was predominantly expressed in undifferentiated gonads of male C. semilaevis at 30 dpf and 60 dpf and peaked at 60 dpf. Expression levels of c/ebpα in the testis were constantly higher than those in ovaries at all developmental stages. Moreover, a dual-luciferase assay revealed that c/ebpα could negatively regulate the male-determining gene dmrt1 in vitro. These results provide fundamental information indicating that C. semilaevis c/ebpa might be involved in early gonadal differentiation and functions as a negative regulator of dmrt1 by repressing its transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Changwei Shao
- Key Lab of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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Rahdari A, Khoshkholgh M, Yarmohammadi M, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M, Lokman PM, Akhavan SR, de Cerio OD, Cancio I, Falahatkar B. The effects of 11-ketotestosterone implants on transcript levels of gonadotropin receptors, and foxl2 and dmrt1 genes in the Previtellogenic ovary of cultured beluga (Huso huso). J Fish Biol 2020; 97:374-382. [PMID: 32388872 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo effect of 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) on transcript levels of the gonadotropin receptors (fshr and lhr) and sex differentiation-related genes (dmrt1 and foxl2) was examined in the ovaries of immature female beluga. For this purpose, six fish were treated with implants containing 2.5 mg 11KT and a placebo group of six females of the same age and gametogenic stage were given a blank implant. The implants were intraperitoneally inserted into 4-year-old females at the previtellogenic stage (mean body weight 5580 ± 165 g) and maintained under culture conditions for 8 weeks. Ovary samples for gene expression analysis of lhr, fshr, dmrt1 and foxl2 were collected by biopsy at 3 and 8 weeks post implantation. Diameters of oocytes increased in response to 11KT treatment, both at 3 and at 8 weeks post implantation, but no obvious changes were evident in cytology. Three weeks of 11KT treatment did not affect target gene expression, but a tendency for a time-dependent decrease of lhr and dmrt1 mRNA levels was observed in both treatment and placebo groups. By 8 weeks of treatment, however, 11KT implants provoked the upregulation of fshr and foxl2 transcript levels. Furthermore, lhr and dmrt1 transcript abundances recovered by 8 weeks of exposure in both blank- and 11KT-implanted beluga. These results suggest that 11KT, either directly or indirectly, may affect gametogenesis and regulate some key components of the reproductive axis in female beluga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolali Rahdari
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
- Department of Fisheries, Hamoun International Wetland Research Institute, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Majidreza Khoshkholgh
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
| | - Mahtab Yarmohammadi
- International Sturgeon Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maren Ortiz-Zarragoitia
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | - Sobhan R Akhavan
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Oihane Diaz de Cerio
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ibon Cancio
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Bahram Falahatkar
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran
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He Y, Wu X, Zhu Y, Yang D. Expression Profiles of dmrt1 in Schizothorax kozlovi, and Their Relation to CpG Methylation of Its Promoter and Temperature. Zoolog Sci 2020; 37:140-147. [PMID: 32282145 DOI: 10.2108/zs190054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of dmrt1 in sex differentiation of a teleost fish Schizothorax kozlovi, the full-length sequences of its cDNA and promoter were cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and genome walking. The relative mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The 1095-bp dmrt1 cDNA was predicted to encode a protein of 264 amino acids. It was expressed only in the gonads, and the expression was 17-times higher in the testis than in the ovary. The 1215-bp promoter sequence of dmrt1 was cloned and analyzed to detect sex-related differences in its methylation levels. A significant negative relationship between the dmrt1 expression and CpG methylation of its promoter were found in the testes and ovaries of S. kozlovi. Significant differences in dmrt1 expression levels were also found between the larval and juvenile stages. No significant differences in expression were found during the entire larval stage, and in the individuals among three different temperature groups (10°C, 14°C, and 18°C). Considering that the sex of sampled larval fish cannot be distinguished, correlations between dmrt1 expression and effects of temperature on sex differentiation in S. kozlovi need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Donghu Hi-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Xingbing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Donghu Hi-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Yongjiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Donghu Hi-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Deguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 8, Donghu Hi-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China,
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12
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Adolfi MC, Fischer P, Herpin A, Regensburger M, Kikuchi M, Tanaka M, Schartl M. Increase of cortisol levels after temperature stress activates dmrt1a causing female-to-male sex reversal and reduced germ cell number in medaka. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1405-1417. [PMID: 31140678 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, there is accumulating evidence that environmental factors as triggers for sex determination and genetic sex determination are not two opposing alternatives but that a continuum of mechanisms bridge those extremes. One prominent example is the model fish species Oryzias latipes which has a stable XX/XY genetic sex determination system, but still responds to environmental cues, where high temperatures lead to female-to-male sex reversal. However, the mechanisms behind are still unknown. We show that high temperatures increase primordial germ cells (PGC) numbers before they reach the genital ridge, which, in turn, regulates the germ cell proliferation. Complete ablation of PGCs led to XX males with germ cell less testis, whereas experimentally increased PGC numbers did not reverse XY genotypes to female. For the underlying molecular mechanism, we provide support for the explanation that activation of the dmrt1a gene by cortisol during early development of XX embryos enables this autosomal gene to take over the role of the male determining Y-chromosomal dmrt1bY.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Fischer
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Amaury Herpin
- INRA, UR1037 Fish Physiology and Genomics, Rennes, France
| | | | - Mariko Kikuchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Germany and Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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13
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Anastasiadi D, Vandeputte M, Sánchez-Baizán N, Allal F, Piferrer F. Dynamic epimarks in sex-related genes predict gonad phenotype in the European sea bass, a fish with mixed genetic and environmental sex determination. Epigenetics 2018; 13:988-1011. [PMID: 30265213 PMCID: PMC6284782 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1529504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of genomic and environmental influences into methylation patterns to bring about a phenotype is of central interest in developmental epigenetics, but many details are still unclear. The sex ratios of the species used here, the European sea bass, are determined by genetic and temperature influences. We created four families from parents known to produce offspring with different sex ratios, exposed larvae to masculinizing temperatures and examined, in juvenile gonads, the DNA methylation of seven genes related to sexual development by a targeted sequencing approach. The genes most affected by both genetics and environment were cyp19a1a and dmrt1, with contrasting sex-specific methylation and temperature responses. The relationship between cyp19a1a methylation and expression is relevant to the epigenetic regulation of vertebrate sex, and we report the evidence of such relationship only below a methylation threshold, ~ 80%, and that it was sex-specific: negatively correlated in females but positively correlated in males. From parents to offspring, the methylation in gonads was midway between oocytes and sperm, with bias towards oocytes for amh-r2, er-β2, fsh-r and cyp19a1a. In contrast, dmrt1 levels resembled those of sperm. The methylation of individual CpGs from foxl2, er-β2 and nr3c1 were conserved from parents to offspring, whereas those of cyp19a1a, dmrt1 and amh-r2 were affected by temperature. Utilizing a machine-learning procedure based on the methylation levels of a selected set of CpGs, we present the first, to our knowledge, system based on epigenetic marks capable of predicting sex in an animal with ~ 90% accuracy and discuss possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Anastasiadi
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Vandeputte
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, Ifremer-CNRS-IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Núria Sánchez-Baizán
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Allal
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, Ifremer-CNRS-IRD, Palavas-les-Flots, France
| | - Francesc Piferrer
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Jeng SR, Wu GC, Yueh WS, Kuo SF, Dufour S, Chang CF. Gonadal development and expression of sex-specific genes during sex differentiation in the Japanese eel. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:74-85. [PMID: 28826812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The process of gonadal development and mechanism involved in sex differentiation in eels are still unclear. The objectives were to investigate the gonadal development and expression pattern of sex-related genes during sex differentiation in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. For control group, the elvers of 8-10cm were reared for 8months; and for feminization, estradiol-17β (E2) was orally administered to the elvers of 8-10cm for 6months. Only males were found in the control group, suggesting a possible role of environmental factors in eel sex determination. In contrast, all differentiated eels in E2-treated group were female. Gonad histology revealed that control male eels seem to differentiate through an intersexual stage, while female eels (E2-treated) would differentiate directly from an undifferentiated gonad. Tissue distribution and sex-related genes expression during gonadal development were analyzed by qPCR. The vasa, figla and sox3 transcripts in gonads were significantly increased during sex differentiation. High vasa expression occurred in males; figla and sox3 were related to ovarian differentiation. The transcripts of dmrt1 and sox9a were significantly increased in males during testicular differentiation and development. The cyp19a1 transcripts were significantly increased in differentiating and differentiated gonads, but did not show a differential expression between the control and E2-treated eels. This suggests that cyp19a1 is involved both in testicular differentiation and development in control males, and in the early stage of ovarian differentiation in E2-treated eels. Importantly, these results also reveal that cyp19a1 is not a direct target for E2 during gonad differentiation in the eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ru Jeng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan.
| | - Guan-Chung Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Shiun Yueh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UNICAEN, UA, CNRS 7208, IRD 207, Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems (BOREA), 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
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Wang W, Zhu H, Dong Y, Tian Z, Dong T, Hu H, Niu C. Dimorphic expression of sex-related genes in different gonadal development stages of sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus, a primitive fish species. Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:1557-1569. [PMID: 28963671 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanism of sex determination and differentiation of sturgeon, a primitive fish species, is extraordinarily important due to the valuable caviar; however, it is still poorly known. The present work aimed to identify the major genes involved in regulating gonadal development of sterlet, a small species of sturgeon, from 13 candidate genes which have been shown to relate to gonadal differentiation and development in other teleost fish. The sex and gonadal development of sterlets were determined by histological observation and levels of sex steroids testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and 17β-estradiol (E2) in serum. Sexually dimorphic gene expressions were investigated. The results revealed that gonadal development were asynchronous in 2-year-old male and female sterlets with the testes in early or mid-spermatogenesis and the ovaries in chromatin nucleolus stage or perinucleolus stage, respectively. The levels of T and E2 were not significantly different between sexes or different gonadal development stages while 11-KT had the higher level in mid-spermatogenesis testis stage. In all the investigated gonadal development stages, gene dmrt1 and hsd11b2 were expressed higher in male whereas foxl2 and cyp19a1 were expressed higher in female. Thus, these genes provided the promising markers for sex identification of sterlet. It was unexpected that dkk1 and dax1 had significantly higher expression in ovarian perinucleolus stage than in ovarian chromatin nucleolus stage and in the testis, suggesting that these two genes had more correlation with ovarian development than with the testis, contrary to the previous reports in other vertebrates. Testicular development-related genes (gsdf and amh) and estrogen receptor genes (era and erb) differentially expressed at different testis or ovary development stages, but their expressions were not absolutely significantly different in male and female, depending on the gonadal development stage. Expression of androgen receptor gene ar or rspo, which was supposed to be related to ovarian development, presented no difference between gonadal development stages investigated in this study whenever in male or female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, No.18 Ma Jia Pu Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, No.18 Ma Jia Pu Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Ying Dong
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, No.18 Ma Jia Pu Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - ZhaoHui Tian
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, No.18 Ma Jia Pu Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - Tian Dong
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, No.18 Ma Jia Pu Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100068, China
| | - HongXia Hu
- National Freshwater Fisheries Engineering Technology Research Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology (No. BZ0301), Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, No.18 Ma Jia Pu Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100068, China.
| | - CuiJuan Niu
- Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xin Jie Kou Wai Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Lin Q, Mei J, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhou L, Gui JF. Distinct and Cooperative Roles of amh and dmrt1 in Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Male Germ Cells in Zebrafish. Genetics 2017; 207:1007-1022. [PMID: 28893856 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300274/-/dc1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process in male reproductive biology and depends on precise balance between self-renewal and differentiation of male germ cells. However, the regulative factors for controlling the balance are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the roles of amh and dmrt1 in male germ cell development by generating their mutants with Crispr/Cas9 technology in zebrafish. Amh mutant zebrafish displayed a female-biased sex ratio, and both male and female amh mutants developed hypertrophic gonads due to uncontrolled proliferation and impaired differentiation of germ cells. A large number of proliferating spermatogonium-like cells were observed within testicular lobules of the amh-mutated testes, and they were demonstrated to be both Vasa- and PH3-positive. Moreover, the average number of Sycp3- and Vasa-positive cells in the amh mutants was significantly lower than in wild-type testes, suggesting a severely impaired differentiation of male germ cells. Conversely, all the dmrt1-mutated testes displayed severe testicular developmental defects and gradual loss of all Vasa-positive germ cells by inhibiting their self-renewal and inducing apoptosis. In addition, several germ cell and Sertoli cell marker genes were significantly downregulated, whereas a prominent increase of Insl3-positive Leydig cells was revealed by immunohistochemical analysis in the disorganized dmrt1-mutated testes. Our data suggest that amh might act as a guardian to control the balance between proliferation and differentiation of male germ cells, whereas dmrt1 might be required for the maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation of male germ cells. Significantly, this study unravels novel functions of amh gene in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Lin
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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17
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Lin Q, Mei J, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhou L, Gui JF. Distinct and Cooperative Roles of amh and dmrt1 in Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Male Germ Cells in Zebrafish. Genetics 2017; 207:1007-1022. [PMID: 28893856 PMCID: PMC5676237 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process in male reproductive biology and depends on precise balance between self-renewal and differentiation of male germ cells. However, the regulative factors for controlling the balance are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the roles of amh and dmrt1 in male germ cell development by generating their mutants with Crispr/Cas9 technology in zebrafish. Amh mutant zebrafish displayed a female-biased sex ratio, and both male and female amh mutants developed hypertrophic gonads due to uncontrolled proliferation and impaired differentiation of germ cells. A large number of proliferating spermatogonium-like cells were observed within testicular lobules of the amh-mutated testes, and they were demonstrated to be both Vasa- and PH3-positive. Moreover, the average number of Sycp3- and Vasa-positive cells in the amh mutants was significantly lower than in wild-type testes, suggesting a severely impaired differentiation of male germ cells. Conversely, all the dmrt1-mutated testes displayed severe testicular developmental defects and gradual loss of all Vasa-positive germ cells by inhibiting their self-renewal and inducing apoptosis. In addition, several germ cell and Sertoli cell marker genes were significantly downregulated, whereas a prominent increase of Insl3-positive Leydig cells was revealed by immunohistochemical analysis in the disorganized dmrt1-mutated testes. Our data suggest that amh might act as a guardian to control the balance between proliferation and differentiation of male germ cells, whereas dmrt1 might be required for the maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation of male germ cells. Significantly, this study unravels novel functions of amh gene in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Lin
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Fajkowska M, Rzepkowska M, Adamek D, Ostaszewska T, Szczepkowski M. Expression of dmrt1 and vtg genes during gonad formation, differentiation and early maturation in cultured Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:1441-1449. [PMID: 27239004 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the dmrt1 and vtg genes was described using the real-time PCR (rt-PCR) method from 25 to 1600 days post-hatch (dph) in cultured Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii. The level of dmrt1 transcription in gonads in subsequent studied periods increased exponentially while vtg expression increased in gonads and livers of A. gueldenstaedtii examined, but in later stages of development. Both dmrt1 and vtg genes showed elevated expression in intersex individuals probably caused by dietary exposure to phyto-oestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fajkowska
- Department of Ichthyobiology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Rzepkowska
- Department of Ichthyobiology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - D Adamek
- Department of Ichthyobiology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Ostaszewska
- Department of Ichthyobiology, Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Szczepkowski
- Department of Sturgeon Fish Breeding, Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, Pieczarki 50, 11-610, Pozezdrze, Poland
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Kaneko H, Ijiri S, Kobayashi T, Izumi H, Kuramochi Y, Wang DS, Mizuno S, Nagahama Y. Gonadal soma-derived factor (gsdf), a TGF-beta superfamily gene, induces testis differentiation in the teleost fish Oreochromis niloticus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 415:87-99. [PMID: 26265450 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is a gonochoristic teleost fish with an XX/XY genetic system and is an excellent model for gonadal sex differentiation. In the present study, we screened novel genes that were expressed predominantly in either XY or XX undifferentiated gonads during the critical period for differentiation of gonads into ovaries or testes using microarray screening. We focused on one of the isolated 12 candidate genes, #9475, which was an ortholog of gsdf (gonadal soma-derived factor), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. #9475/gsdf showed sexual dimorphism in expression in XY gonads before any other testis differentiation-related genes identified in this species thus far. We also overexpressed the #9475/gsdf gene in XX tilapia, and XX tilapia bearing the #9475/gsdf gene showed normal testis development, which suggests that #9475/gsdf plays an important role in male determination and/or differentiation in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyo Kaneko
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; SORST, Japan Science Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Shigeho Ijiri
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; SORST, Japan Science Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Reproductive Biology, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hikari Izumi
- Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kuramochi
- Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - De-Shou Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; SORST, Japan Science Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Shouta Mizuno
- Division of Marine Life Science, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Nagahama
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; SORST, Japan Science Technology Corporation, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
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Adolfi MC, Carreira ACO, Jesus LWO, Bogerd J, Funes RM, Schartl M, Sogayar MC, Borella MI. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of dmrt1 and sox9 during gonad development and male reproductive cycle in the lambari fish, Astyanax altiparanae. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:2. [PMID: 25577427 PMCID: PMC4298075 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dmrt1 and sox9 genes have a well conserved function related to testis formation in vertebrates, and the group of fish presents a great diversity of species and reproductive mechanisms. The lambari fish (Astyanax altiparanae) is an important Neotropical species, where studies on molecular level of sex determination and gonad maturation are scarce. METHODS Here, we employed molecular cloning techniques to analyze the cDNA sequences of the dmrt1 and sox9 genes, and describe the expression pattern of those genes during development and the male reproductive cycle by qRT-PCR, and related to histology of the gonad. RESULTS Phylogenetic analyses of predicted amino acid sequences of dmrt1 and sox9 clustered A. altiparanae in the Ostariophysi group, which is consistent with the morphological phylogeny of this species. Studies of the gonad development revealed that ovary formation occurred at 58 days after hatching (dah), 2 weeks earlier than testis formation. Expression studies of sox9 and dmrt1 in different tissues of adult males and females and during development revealed specific expression in the testis, indicating that both genes also have a male-specific role in the adult. During the period of gonad sex differentiation, dmrt1 seems to have a more significant role than sox9. During the male reproductive cycle dmrt1 and sox9 are down-regulated after spermiation, indicating a role of these genes in spermatogenesis. CONCLUSIONS For the first time the dmrt1 and sox9 were cloned in a Characiformes species. We show that both genes have a conserved structure and expression, evidencing their role in sex determination, sex differentiation and the male reproductive cycle in A. altiparanae. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus C Adolfi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana CO Carreira
- Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Lázaro WO Jesus
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Jan Bogerd
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rejane M Funes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mari C Sogayar
- Chemistry Institute, Biochemistry Department, Cell and Molecular Therapy Center (NUCEL-NETCEM), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Maria I Borella
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
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He Z, Li Y, Wu Y, Shi S, Sun C, Deng Q, Xie J, Wang T, Zhang W, Zhang L. Differentiation and morphogenesis of the ovary and expression of gonadal development-related genes in the protogynous hermaphroditic ricefield eel Monopterus albus. J Fish Biol 2014; 85:1381-1394. [PMID: 25123578 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ovarian differentiation, morphogenesis and expression of some putative gonadal development-related genes were analysed in the ricefield eel Monopterus albus, a protogynous hermaphroditic teleost with a single elongate ovary. At c. 1 day post-hatching (dph), the gonadal ridge was colonized with primordial germ cells (PGCs) at the periphery and transformed into the gonadal primordium, which appeared to contain two germinal epithelia. At c. 7 dph, four ovarian cavities appeared in the gonadal tissue with two in each germinal epithelial compartment, and the indifferent gonad might have begun to differentiate into the ovary. The oocytes at the leptotene stage in meiosis I appeared at c. 14 dph, and oocytes at the diplotene stage at c. 30 dph. As development proceeded, the connective tissue separating the two germinal epithelia disappeared, and two of the four ovarian cavities collapsed into one. At 60 dph, the gonad had already taken the shape as observed in the adults. One outer and two inner ovarian cavities could be easily recognized, with slightly basophilic primary growth oocytes usually residing close to the outer ovarian cavity. The expression of cyp19a1a and erb in the early gonad was detected at 6 dph. The abundant expression of foxl2 coincided with the up-regulation of cyp19a1a at 8 dph onwards. The expression of dmrt1 isoforms was not detectable until 8 dph for dmrt1a and dmrt1b and until 33 dph for dmrt1d. The earlier appearance of cyp19a1a compared to dmrt1 transcripts in the indifferent gonad may contribute to the initial differentiation of the gonad towards the ovary in M. albus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z He
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China; College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Sánchez-Hernández M, Chaves-Pozo E, Cabas I, Mulero V, García-Ayala A, García-Alcázar A. Testosterone implants modify the steroid hormone balance and the gonadal physiology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) males. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:183-94. [PMID: 23743364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Androgens can induce complete spermatogenesis in immature or prepubertal teleost fish; however, many aspects of the role of androgens in adult teleost spermatogenesis remain elusive. We used the in situ forming microparticle (ISM) system containing 1mg of testosterone (T)/kg body weight (T-ISM) in a homogenous population of gilthead seabream at testicular involution stage to study in vivo the effects of T on the sex steroid hormone balance and on the physiology of the gilthead seabream gonad. The levels of T, 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) in plasma, gonad and liver were determined in T-ISM implanted specimens after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The effect of T-ISM was evaluated on (i) de novo synthesis and metabolism of T in the gonad and liver by measuring the gene expression levels of the main steroidogenic proteins involved, (ii) the progress of spermatogenesis, (iii) the presence of different leukocyte cell types in the gonad, and (iv) the mRNA expression of some genes involved in the leukocyte migratory influx into the gonad and of some immune-relevant molecules. T-ISM implants promote an increase of T up to supra-physiological levels which induce a depletion of E2 levels and maintain the 11KT levels at physiological concentrations. The gene expression profile of some steroidogenic enzymes in gonad and liver ruled out the transformation of T into estrogenic compounds following T-ISM implantation. Moreover, androgens may also be involved in the leukocyte migratory influx, which occurred even when cytokine, chemokine and cell adhesion molecule gene expressions were down-regulated. Moreover, T-ISM implants block germ cell proliferation, although increased dmrt1 gene expression may prevent the complete depletion of germ cells in the gonad. Furthermore, T down-regulated the expression of several tlr genes, which may result in the inhibition of the immune response in the gonad through the impaired ability to recognize and respond to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sánchez-Hernández
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
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Lei N, Hornbaker KI, Rice DA, Karpova T, Agbor VA, Heckert LL. Sex-specific differences in mouse DMRT1 expression are both cell type- and stage-dependent during gonad development. Biol Reprod 2007; 77:466-75. [PMID: 17567962 PMCID: PMC2580730 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.058784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry was used to examine GCNA1, a germ cell-specific protein, together with DMRT1 (Doublesex and Mab-3-related transcription factor-1), a transcription factor implicated in Sertoli cell and germ cell function, in order to resolve DMRT1's cellular profile during pre- and postnatal gonad development in the mouse. In the indifferent gonad (10.5-11.5 days postcoitus [dpc]), DMRT1 localized to somatic cells and GCNA1(+) germ cells and was indistinguishable in males and females. By 12.5 dpc, a clear sexual preference for DMRT1 in male somatic cells was observed, with male DMRT1 localized to testicular cords and more abundant in Sertoli cells than in germ cells and female DMRT1 diffusely labeled and markedly lower in somatic cells than in germ cells. A male somatic preference continued throughout development, with DMRT1 evident in Sertoli cells at all ages examined and absent in ovarian somatic cells from 13.5 dpc onward. In contrast, expression in primordial germ cells was not sexually distinct, and both sexes showed DMRT1 increasing through 13.5 dpc and absent by 15.5 dpc. Notably, sexual differences in germ cell DMRT1 were detected after birth, when it was detected only in spermatogonia of the testis. Colocalization of DMRT1 with proliferation markers KI67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and stem cell markers OCT4 (also known as POU5F1) and NGN3 indicated that, in postnatal testes, DMRT1 was present in both stem and proliferating spermatogonia. Together, the findings implicate opposite functions for DMRT1 in somatic and germ cells of the testis. In Sertoli cells, DMRT1 expression correlated with differentiation, whereas in germ cells, it suggested a role in expansion and maintenance of undifferentiated spermatogonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lei
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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