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El Zokm GM, El-Said GF, Okbah MA. Impact of land development along the western Mediterranean coast of Egypt regarding surfactant sources, interfering elements and ecotoxicity. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 203:116372. [PMID: 38688238 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The effect of recent land development of the western side of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast on the fates, behaviors, interactions, and ecotoxicology of surfactant (LAS), F, Br, B, Ca, Mg, and P was studied. Samples of seawater and sediments were collected from 15 stations at different depths representing, 5 perpendicular sectors. Elevated levels of LAS were identified in seawater columns in the El-Hamam (467.3 ± 220.8 μg/L) and El-Dabaa (480.0 ± 314.1 μg/L) stations. LAS homologue in sediment was in the range of 0.013-0.024, 0.042-0.184, 0.086-0.402, and 0.025-0.058 μg/g for C10, C11, C12, and C13, respectively. Studied parameters showed mixture risk characterization ratios RCRmix > 1 for algae, invertebrates, and fish in seawater and sediments, except for P, which showed low risk (RCRmix ≤ 1) in sediment. Acute relative contribution (RC) of LAS reflected that fish were the most sensitive species (RCFish = 48.5), followed by algae (RCAlgae = 44.4) and invertebrates (RCInvert = 7.1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan M El Zokm
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt.
| | - Ghada F El-Said
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Okbah
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
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2
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Liu N, Meng F, Zhang L, Qin Y, Xue H, Liang Z. Toxicity threshold and ecological risk of nitrate in rivers based on endocrine-disrupting effects: A case study in the Luan River basin, China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 930:172859. [PMID: 38692316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate, as a crucial nutrient, is consistently targeted for controlling water eutrophication globally. However, there is considerable evidence suggesting that nitrate has endocrine-disrupting potential on aquatic organisms. In this study, the sensitivity of various adverse effects to nitrate nitrogen (nitrate-N) was compared, and a toxicity threshold based on endocrine-disrupting effects was derived. The spatiotemporal variations of nitrate-N concentrations in the Luan River basin were investigated, and the associated aquatic ecological risks were evaluated using a comprehensive approach. The results showed that reproduction and development were the most sensitive endpoints to nitrate, and their distribution exhibited significant differences compared to behavior. The derived threshold based on endocrine-disrupting effects was 0.65 mgL-1, providing adequate protection for the aquatic ecosystem. In the Luan River basin, the mean nitrate-N concentrations during winter (4.4 mgL-1) were significantly higher than those observed in spring (0.7 mgL-1) and summer (1.2 mgL-1). Tributary inputs had an important influence on the spatial characteristics of nitrate-N in the mainstream, primarily due to agricultural and population-related contamination. The risk quotients (RQ) during winter, summer, and spring were evaluated as 6.7, 1.8, and 1.1, respectively, and the frequency of exposure concentrations exceeding the threshold was 100 %, 64.3 %, and 42.5 %, respectively. At the ecosystem level, nitrate posed intermediate risks to aquatic organisms during winter and summer in the Luan River basin and at the national scale in China. We suggest that nitrate pollution control should not solely focus on water eutrophication but also consider the endocrine disruptive effect on aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fansheng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Lingsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Yaqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Hao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhuming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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3
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Zheng ZY, Ni HG. Predicted no-effect concentration for eight PAHs and their ecological risks in seven major river systems of China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167590. [PMID: 37802352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The initial step in the assessment of the ecological risk of pollutants is to determine the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). However, ecological risk assessments of eight carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), methylcholanthrene (MCA), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), chrysene (CHR), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DBA), are rarely conducted due to the lack of their PNECs based on test data. In this study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models and interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) models were combined to predict the acute toxicity of these eight target PHAs. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis for species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) of native and all species was conducted. There was no significant difference between the predictions for native Chinese species and the predictions for all species by the QSAR-ICE models. In addition, the feasibility of the QSAR-ICE models was demonstrated by comparing the SSD curves constructed by measured toxicity data of BaP and those predicted by the QSAR-ICE models. The PNECs of the eight PAHs were estimated based on the SSDs and acute to chronic ratio (ACR) method; these data were 0.071 μg/L, 0.033 μg/L, 0.049 μg/L, 0.114 μg/L, 0.019 μg/L, 0.021 μg/L, 0.038 μg/L and 0.054 μg/L for DMBA, DBA, BaP, MCA, BaA, CHR, BbF, BkF, respectively. The higher PNECs of the alkylated PAHs suggested their lower ecological risks. Based on the mixed risk quotient (mRQ) of PAHs through the concentration addition (CA) model, high ecological risk watersheds, such as the Songhua River (mRQ = 1.95), the Liao River (mRQ = 4.59), and the Huai River (mRQ = 1.93), were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Zheng
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong-Gang Ni
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Knight ER, Verhagen R, Mueller JF, Tscharke BJ. Spatial and temporal trends of 64 pesticides and their removal from Australian wastewater. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:166816. [PMID: 37689203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are necessary for the control of pest plant, fungi and insect species. After application, they may find their way into waste streams, such as municipal sewage, where their spatio-temporal distribution has not been well characterised. To further understand the spatio-temporal distribution and to evaluate potential sources and fate after treatment, 64 pesticides were analysed in matched influents and effluents of 22 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from across Australia. The pesticides consisted of 30 herbicides and 8 herbicide metabolites or transformation products, 16 insecticides and 10 fungicides. The samples were 1084 24-hr composite samples pooled into 113 samples. Pools represented two influent and one effluent pools at each of 22 sites in 2019, as well as two pools per year from 2009 to 2021 for an 11-year long-term temporal trend at a subset of two locations. The total population served by the 22 sites was equivalent to ~41 % of the Australian population. Of the 64 pesticides, 25 were detected in influent, with highest influent concentrations up to 100 μg/L and effluent concentrations up to 16 μg/L for the herbicide 2,4-D. The total mass of pesticides was extrapolated to Australia, suggesting ~33 t of the targeted pesticides entered WWTP influent annually nation-wide, with 14 t emitted into effluents annually. Long-term trends varied by analyte and for carbendazim decreases over time, may be related to restrictions in use. Risk quotients (RQs) were calculated for 14 analytes in the effluent. 35 % had an RQ above one, indicating a potential environmental risk. Fipronil had the highest RQ (49) at Site 6. The population-normalized mass loads of pesticides were site-specific, and in some cases correlated with land use attributes suggestive of point sources. This reflects a need to better characterise sources to enable prevention, or possible pre-treatment of pesticide-containing wastewater entering municipal sewage streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Knight
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Rory Verhagen
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Ben J Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
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de Rezende AT, Mounteer AH. Ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds in Brazilian surface waters. Environ Pollut 2023; 338:122628. [PMID: 37783413 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds are organic micropollutants that can cause adverse effects at low concentrations. Their occurrence in surface waters has been reported in several countries, including Brazil, at concentrations on the order of ngL-1, while the concentrations at which toxic effects are observed are often in the range of mg.L-1 to μg.L -1, however few studies have been undertaken to characterize risks they represent in Brazilian surface waters. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ecological risk to Brazilian surface waters caused by the presence of pharmaceuticals and natural and environmental estrogens. Twenty-nine pharmaceuticals, hormones and environmental estrogens were included in the risk assessment while twelve were discarded due to insufficient data availability. The endocrine disrupting compounds were the most frequently detected (39.8% of the reported concentrations), followed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (16.3%), antibiotics (6.6%), antiseptics (5.1%), analgesics (5.1%), antihypertensives (4.6%), and to a lesser extent, lipid controllers, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antihistamines, antivirals and corticosteroids. Bisphenol-A was the most frequently detected compound, followed by diclofenac, 17-β-estradiol, 17-α-ethynilestradiol, naproxen, triclosan and 4-n-nonylphenol. Acute ecological risk was predicted in two thirds and chronic risk in one third of the water bodies surveyed. The presence of diclofenac or triclosan was determinant for acute risk while estrogenic hormones proved to be decisive for chronic risk. In addition to natural and synthetic endocrine disruptors, the pharmacological groups estimated to have the highest average associated risks were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, followed by anticonvulsants. No discharge limits exist for most of the compounds found to contribute to ecological risks, indicating the need for regulatory action by the proper Brazilian authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Teixeira de Rezende
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering/Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ann H Mounteer
- Graduate Program in Civil Engineering/Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Ike E, Kawano T, Takahashi K, Miyasaka T, Takahashi T. Calcitonin Gene-Related peptide receptor antagonist suppresses allergic asthma responses via downregulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110608. [PMID: 37441811 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is caused by chronic inflammation and hyper-responsiveness of the airway and is thought to be mediated by adaptive T helper type 2 (Th2)-driven immunity. However, recent studies have demonstrated that neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-mediated activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) may contribute to the development of asthma pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of the systemic administration of rimegepant, a CGRP receptor antagonist, on allergic asthma. Hyperplasia of CGRP-immunoreactive pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) was observed in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. Concomitant with this, we observed an increase in the content of total lung CGRP. Upon antigen challenge, the concentration of plasma CGRP was transiently upregulated, whereas CGRP immunoreactivity within PNECs was intensively downregulated, suggesting that PNECs were the most likely source of CGRP. When rimegepant was administered according to CGRP kinetics, it suppressed asthma phenotypes, including airway hyper-responsiveness, infiltration of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), hyperplasia of mucus-producing cells, and production of the Th2 cytokine IL-5. Moreover, we observed a decrease in the number of ILC2s and their capacity for IL-5 release in the presence of IL-33 in rimegepant-treated mice. In the allergic asthma model, rimegepant suppressed the activation of ILC2s mediated by PNEC-derived CGRP and subsequently impaired adaptive Th2-driven immunity, which ameliorated asthmatic phenotypes. Thus, an anti-CGRP signal strategy to target ILC2 will be a novel and attractive approach for treating allergic asthma that is refractory to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Ike
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558 Japan
| | - Tasuku Kawano
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558 Japan
| | - Kento Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558 Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558 Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558 Japan.
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Chukwu KB, Abafe OA, Amoako DG, Essack SY, Abia ALK. Antibiotic, Heavy Metal, and Biocide Concentrations in a Wastewater Treatment Plant and Its Receiving Water Body Exceed PNEC Limits: Potential for Antimicrobial Resistance Selective Pressure. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1166. [PMID: 37508262 PMCID: PMC10376008 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the rise in antimicrobial resistance has been attributed mainly to the extensive and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials such as antibiotics and biocides in humans, animals and on plants, studies investigating the impact of this use on water environments in Africa are minimal. This study quantified selected antibiotics, heavy metals, and biocides in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and its receiving water body in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, in the context of the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) for the selection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Water samples were collected from the WWTP effluent discharge point and upstream and downstream from this point. Heavy metals were identified and quantified using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) method 200.7. Biocides and antibiotic residues were determined using validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry-based methods. The overall highest mean antibiotic, metal and biocide concentrations were observed for sulfamethoxazole (286.180 µg/L), neodymium (Nd; 27.734 mg/L), and benzalkonium chloride (BAC 12) (7.805 µg/L), respectively. In decreasing order per sampling site, the pollutant concentrations were effluent > downstream > upstream. This implies that the WWTP significantly contributed to the observed pollution in the receiving water. Furthermore, most of the pollutants measured recorded values exceeding the recommended predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values, suggesting that the microbes in such water environments were at risk of developing resistance due to the selection pressure exerted by these antimicrobials. Further studies are required to establish such a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelechi B Chukwu
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ovokeroye A Abafe
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Residue Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Campus, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel G Amoako
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Sabiha Y Essack
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Akebe L K Abia
- Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, South Africa
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Chae Y, Bae S, Moon HG, Kim YJ, Park CB, Park JW, Kim DW, Seo JS, Kim S. Identification of aquatic ecological risk of bisphenol S in four Asian countries based on the SSD and alternative toxicity data of model species Danio rerio. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27915-0. [PMID: 37256405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS), an organic compound and bisphenol analog, is commonly used as a substitute for bisphenol A. BPS is widely used in epoxy glues, can coatings, and thermal receipt papers; however, its risks have not been fully determined and the probability of its toxicity has been continuously suggested. In this study, we conducted BPS toxicity tests on aquatic plants (acute), cladocerans (acute and chronic), and fish (chronic) to determine its adverse effects, and calculated the toxicity values. Additionally, we conducted an ecological risk assessment of BPS in freshwater ecosystems with toxicity data from previous studies using the species sensitivity distribution method and BPS exposure data from 14 rivers in four countries in Asia (China, Japan, India, and South Korea). The chronic-based risk quotient (RQ) values of BPS in one river in China and two rivers in India were > 1, indicating a high ecological risk of BPS to aquatic organisms. The other four rivers in China showed medium ecological risk (0.1 < RQ < 1) and those in Japan and South Korea showed negligible chronic risk (RQ < 0.1) to aquatic organisms. We also suggest sensitive indicators in the model organism Danio rerio and highlighted the importance of the development of new method of ecological risk assessment. This study could provide new information that will assist in managing BPS and bisphenol analogs in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yooeun Chae
- Ecological Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhee Bae
- Ecological Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi Gyu Moon
- Ecological Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jae Kim
- Medical Industry Venture Center, Korea Testing Laboratory, Wonju, 26495, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Beom Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Wook Kim
- Environmental Safety-Assessment Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Su Seo
- Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeon Kim
- Ecological Risk Assessment Center, Gyeongnam Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Jinju, 52834, Republic of Korea.
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Campos BG, Moreira LB, G F E P, Cruz ACF, Perina FC, Abreu F, Fillmann G, Abessa DMS. Water and sediment toxicity and hazard assessment of DCOIT towards neotropical marine organisms. Environ Pollut 2023; 330:121797. [PMID: 37169238 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
DCOIT is an effective antifouling biocide, which presence in the environment and toxicity towards non-target species has been generating great concern. This study evaluated the waterborne toxicity of DCOIT on marine invertebrates (i.e., survival of brine shrimp Artemia sp., larval development of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter and the mussel Perna perna), as well as DCOIT-spiked-sediment toxicity on the fecundity rate of the copepod Nitrocra sp. And the mortality of the amphipod Tiburonella viscana. The data outcomes were used to calculate environmental hazards and risks, which were compared to their corresponding values obtained from temperate regions. Waterborne toxicity can be summarized as follows: Artemia sp. (LC50-48h = 163 (135-169) μg/L), E. lucunter (EC50-36h = 33.9 (17-65) μg/L), and P. perna (EC50-48h = 8.3 (7-9) μg/L). For whole-sediment toxicity, metrics were calculated for T. viscana (LC50-10d = 0.5 (0.1-2.6) μg/g) and Nitrocra sp, (EC50-10d = 200 (10-480) μg/kg). The DCOIT hazard was assessed for both tropical and non-tropical pelagic organisms. The predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for tropical species (0.19 μg/L) was 1.7-fold lower than that for non-tropical organisms (0.34 μg/L). In whole-sediment exposures, DCOIT presented a PNEC of 0.97 μg/kg, and the risk quotients (RQs) were >1 for areas with constant input of DCOIT such as ports ship/boatyards, marinas, and maritime traffic zones of Korea, Japan, Spain, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Brazil. The presented data are important for supporting the establishment of policies and regulations for booster biocides worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Campos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, S/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L B Moreira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, S/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Carvalho de Mendonça 144, 11070-102, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Pauly G F E
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, S/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A C F Cruz
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, S/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F C Perina
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - F Abreu
- Rio Grande Federal University (FURG), Av. Itália S/n, 7, 474, 96201-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - G Fillmann
- Rio Grande Federal University (FURG), Av. Itália S/n, 7, 474, 96201-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - D M S Abessa
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, S/n, 11330-900, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Perina FC, Abessa DMDS, Pinho GLL, Castro ÍB, Fillmann G. Toxicity of antifouling biocides on planktonic and benthic neotropical species. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:61888-61903. [PMID: 36934191 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Organotin-based (OTs: TBT and TPT) antifouling paints have been banned worldwide, but recent inputs have been detected in tropical coastal areas. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the toxicity of both legacy and their substitute antifouling booster biocides (e.g., Irgarol and diuron) on neotropical species. Therefore, the acute toxicity of four antifouling biocides (TBT, TPT, Irgarol, and diuron) was investigated using the marine planktonic organisms Acartia tonsa and Mysidopsis juniae, the estuarine tanaid Monokalliapseudes schubarti (water exposure), and the burrowing amphipod Tiburonella viscana (spiked sediment exposure). Results confirmed the high toxicity of the OTs, especially to planktonic species, being about two orders of magnitude higher than Irgarol and diuron. Toxic effects of antifouling compounds were observed at levels currently found in tropical coastal zones, representing a threat to planktonic and benthic invertebrates. Furthermore, deterministic PNECmarine sediment values suggest that environmental hazards in tropical regions may be higher due to the higher sensitivity of tropical organisms. Since regulations on antifouling biocides are still restricted to a few countries, more ecotoxicological studies are needed to derivate environmental quality standards based on realistic scenarios. The present study brings essential contributions regarding the ecological risks of these substances in tropical and subtropical zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cesar Perina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia - IO. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Instituto de Biociências. Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São Vicente, SP, 11330-900, Brazil
| | - Grasiela Lopes Leães Pinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia - IO. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália S/N, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia - IO. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanologia, Instituto de Oceanografia - IO. Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Av. Itália S/N, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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11
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Vestel J, Caldwell DJ, Tell J, Constantine L, Häner A, Hellstern J, Journel R, Ryan JJ, Swenson T, Xei W. Default predicted no-effect target concentrations for antibiotics in the absence of data for the protection against antibiotic resistance and environmental toxicity. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022; 18:863-867. [PMID: 34826209 PMCID: PMC9302680 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, via the AMR Industry Alliance, has developed and implemented steps to help minimize the potential impact of pharmaceutical manufacturing on the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). One of these steps was to publish predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) to serve as targets for antibiotic manufacturing wastewater effluent risk assessments aimed to help protect environmental receptors and to mitigate against the spread of antibiotic resistance. Concentrations below which adverse effects in the environment are not expected to occur (PNECs) were first published in 2018 and are updated annually. The current list now stands at 125 antibiotics; however, it is recognized that this list does not encompass all manufactured antibiotics. Therefore, a statistical evaluation of currently available data was conducted and a default PNEC of 0.05 µg/L for antibiotics in the absence of other data was derived. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:863-867. © 2022 Merck, Sanofi, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc, F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Teva Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Pharma AG, and Pfizer lnc. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joan Tell
- Merck & Co. Inc.KenilworthNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Xei
- TEVA, ParsippanyNew JerseyUSA
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12
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Abreu FEL, Martins SE, Fillmann G. Ecological risk assessment of booster biocides in sediments of the Brazilian coastal areas. Chemosphere 2021; 276:130155. [PMID: 33743422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although booster biocides (Irgarol, diuron, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, and DCOIT) have been detected in sediments along the Brazilian coastal areas, the risk associated to their occurrence and levels is still unknown. Thus, the ecological risk of booster biocides to sediment-dwelling organisms from the Brazilian coast was assessed using a risk characterization approach through the Risk Quotient (Measured environmental concentration (MEC)/Predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs)). Sedimentary PNECs for Irgarol, diuron, chlorothalonil and DCOIT were derived based on published ecotoxicological data from both freshwater and marine studies, while a NORMAN methodology was used to derived it for dichlofluanid. Results showed that DCOIT, diuron, Irgarol, chlorothalonil, and dichlofluanid can pose high risk on 47%, 35%, 15%, 1% and 1%, respectively, of the 113 Brazilian sites appraised. Considering the trend of expansion of navigation/maritime activities, DCOIT may worsen its impact over the coastal areas of Brazil, especially ports, but also ship/boatyards, marinas, and maritime traffic zones. The present study is an important contribution to support advance on policy formulation concerning booster biocides worldwide, particularly considering the lack of regulation on the use of antifouling biocides in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma Eugênia Lemos Abreu
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG Em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG Em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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13
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Borsetto C, Raguideau S, Travis E, Kim DW, Lee DH, Bottrill A, Stark R, Song L, Cha CJ, Pearson J, Quince C, Singer AC, Wellington EMH. Impact of sulfamethoxazole on a riverine microbiome. Water Res 2021; 201:117382. [PMID: 34225233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continued emergence of bacterial pathogens presenting antimicrobial resistance is widely recognised as a global health threat and recent attention focused on potential environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Freshwater environments such as rivers represent a potential hotspot for ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria as they are receiving systems for effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Effluent also contains low levels of different antimicrobials including antibiotics and biocides. Sulfonamides are antibacterial chemicals widely used in clinical, veterinary and agricultural settings and are frequently detected in sewage sludge and manure in addition to riverine ecosystems. The impact of such exposure on ARG prevalence and diversity is unknown, so the aim of this study was to investigate the release of a sub-lethal concentration of the sulfonamide compound sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on the river bacterial microbiome using a flume system. This system was a semi-natural in vitro flume using river water (30 L) and sediment (6 kg) with circulation to mimic river flow. A combination of 'omics' approaches were conducted to study the impact of SMX exposure on the microbiomes within the flumes. Metagenomic analysis showed that the addition of low concentrations of SMX (<4 μg L-1) had a limited effect on the bacterial resistome in the water fraction only, with no impact observed in the sediment. Metaproteomics did not show differences in ARGs expression with SMX exposure in water. Overall, the river bacterial community was resilient to short term exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of SMX which mimics the exposure such communities experience downstream of WWTPs throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borsetto
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK.
| | | | - Emma Travis
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK
| | - Dae-Wi Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology and Center for Antibiotic Resistome, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology and Center for Antibiotic Resistome, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Bottrill
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK
| | - Richard Stark
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry, UK
| | - Lijiang Song
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Coventry, UK
| | - Chang-Jun Cha
- Department of Systems Biotechnology and Center for Antibiotic Resistome, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
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14
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Piao X, Jiang SH, Wang JN, Wu J, Xu WC, Li LQ, Xue Z, Yu JE. Pingchuan formula attenuates airway mucus hypersecretion via regulation of the PNEC-GABA-IL13-Muc5ac axis in asthmatic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111746. [PMID: 34062412 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease. It has been reported that Pingchuan formula (PCF) can control asthma attacks by reducing airway inflammation, muscle spasm and mucus secretion. However, PCF's mechanism for reducing airway mucus hypersecretion remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PCF on airway mucus secretion in asthmatic mice and to explore changes in the PNEC-GABA-IL13-Muc5ac axis. METHODS Male Babl/c mice were used to establish the asthma model via sensitisation with OVA. Mice were randomly divided into Normal, OVA, DEX, and PCF groups. After treatment, lung histopathology was observed with H&E and PAS staining. BALF levels of IL-5 and IL-13 were detected using ELISA. The levels of mRNA and protein expression for GAD1, GABAARβ1, GABAARα1 and Muc5ac in the lung tissue were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot assays. PNECs were observed with AgNOR staining. RESULTS PCF treatment effectively reduced goblet cell (P < 0.01) and PNEC (P < 0.05) proliferation, lung tissue inflammation and airway mucus hypersecretion. In addition, PCF also markedly downregulated mRNA and protein expression of GAD1, GABAARβ1, GABAARα1 and Muc5ac (P < 0.05, compared with OVA), thus inhibiting the GABA-IL-13 pathway in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PCF controls asthma attacks by reducing airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion via the PNEC-GABA-IL13-Muc5ac axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Piao
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China; Pediatric Institute of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Shanghai 200071, China.
| | - Shen-Hua Jiang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China.
| | - Jia-Ni Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China; Pediatric Institute of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Wan-Chao Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Li-Qing Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China; Pediatric Institute of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China; Pediatric Institute of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Shanghai 200071, China.
| | - Jian-Er Yu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China; Pediatric Institute of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Academy, Shanghai 200071, China.
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15
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Mou H, Yang Y, Riehs MA, Barrios J, Shivaraju M, Haber AL, Montoro DT, Gilmore K, Haas EA, Paunovic B, Rajagopal J, Vargas SO, Haynes RL, Fine A, Cardoso WV, Ai X. Airway basal stem cells generate distinct subpopulations of PNECs. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109011. [PMID: 33882306 PMCID: PMC8140387 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) have crucial roles in airway physiology and immunity by producing bioactive amines and neuropeptides (NPs). A variety of human diseases exhibit PNEC hyperplasia. Given accumulated evidence that PNECs represent a heterogenous population of cells, we investigate how PNECs differ, whether the heterogeneity is similarly present in mouse and human cells, and whether specific disease involves discrete PNECs. Herein, we identify three distinct types of PNECs in human and mouse airways based on single and double positivity for TUBB3 and the established NP markers. We show that the three PNEC types exhibit significant differences in NP expression, homeostatic turnover, and response to injury and disease. We provide evidence that these differences parallel their distinct cell of origin from basal stem cells (BSCs) or other airway epithelial progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Mou
- The Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Ying Yang
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Molly A Riehs
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliana Barrios
- The Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Manjunatha Shivaraju
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Adam L Haber
- Computational Biology and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel T Montoro
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kimberly Gilmore
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Haas
- Department of Research, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Brankica Paunovic
- San Diego County Office of the Medical Examiner, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sara O Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robin L Haynes
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan Fine
- Pulmonary Division, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Columbia Center for Human Development and Pulmonary Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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16
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van Dijk J, Gustavsson M, Dekker SC, van Wezel AP. Towards 'one substance - one assessment': An analysis of EU chemical registration and aquatic risk assessment frameworks. J Environ Manage 2021; 280:111692. [PMID: 33293165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the Green Deal the EU aims to achieve a circular economy, restore biodiversity and reduce environmental pollution. As a part of the Green Deal a 'one-substance one-assessment' (OS-OA) approach for chemicals has been proposed. The registration and risk assessment of chemicals on the European market is currently fragmented across different legal frameworks, dependent on the chemical's use. In this review, we analysed the five main European chemical registration frameworks and their risk assessment procedures for the freshwater environment, covering 1) medicines for human use, 2) veterinary medicines, 3) pesticides, 4) biocides and 5) industrial chemicals. Overall, the function of the current frameworks is similar, but important differences exist between the frameworks' environmental protection goals and risk assessment strategies. These differences result in inconsistent assessment outcomes for similar chemicals. Chemicals are also registered under multiple frameworks due to their multiple uses, and chemicals which are not approved under one framework are in some instances allowed on the market under other frameworks. In contrast, an OS-OA will require a uniform hazard assessment between all different frameworks. In addition, we show that across frameworks the industrial chemicals are the least hazardous for the freshwater environment (median PNEC of 2.60E-2 mg/L), whilst biocides are the most toxic following current regulatory assessment schemes (median PNEC of 1.82E-4 mg/L). Finally, in order to facilitate a successful move towards a OS-OA approach we recommend a) harmonisation of environmental protection goals and risk assessment strategies, b) that emission, use and production data should be made publicly available and that data sharing becomes a priority, and c) an alignment of the criteria used to classify problematic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanke van Dijk
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, CB, Utrecht, 3584, the Netherlands.
| | - Mikael Gustavsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Stefan C Dekker
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, CB, Utrecht, 3584, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, XH Amsterdam, 1098, the Netherlands
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17
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Andreani T, Nogueira V, Gavina A, Fernandes S, Rodrigues JL, Pinto VV, Ferreira MJ, Silva AM, Pereira CM, Pereira R. Ecotoxicity to Freshwater Organisms and Cytotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Are We Generating Sufficient Data for Their Risk Assessment? Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 11:nano11010066. [PMID: 33396620 PMCID: PMC7824120 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the eco-cytotoxicity of several forms of nanomaterials (NM), such as nano-CuO, nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2 and nano-ZnO, on different aquatic species (Raphidocelis subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Lemna minor) following standard protocols and on human cell lines (Caco-2, SV-80, HepG2 and HaCaT). Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) or hazard concentrations for 5% of the species (HC5) were also estimated based on the compilation of data available in the literature. Most of the NM agglomerated strongly in the selected culture media. For the ecotoxicity assays, nano-CuO and nano-ZnO even in particle agglomeration state were the most toxic NM to the freshwater organisms compared to nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2. Nano-ZnO was the most toxic NM to R. subcapitata and D. magna, while nano-CuO was found to be very toxic to L. minor. Nano-CuO was very toxic to Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, particularly at the highest tested concentrations, while the other NM showed no toxicity to the different cell lines. The HC5 and PNEC values are still highly protective, due to data limitations. However, the present study provides consistent evidence of the potential risks of both nano-CuO and nano-ZnO against aquatic organisms and also their effects on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Andreani
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, CIQUP & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- CITAB—Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (R.P.); Tel.: +351-220-402-000 (T.A. & R.P.)
| | - Verónica Nogueira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Ana Gavina
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Saul Fernandes
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
| | - José Luís Rodrigues
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões—Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal; (J.L.R.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Vera V. Pinto
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões—Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal; (J.L.R.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Maria José Ferreira
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões—Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal; (J.L.R.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- CITAB—Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Pereira
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, CIQUP & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (R.P.); Tel.: +351-220-402-000 (T.A. & R.P.)
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Mortimer M, Winchell A, Holden PA. Evaluation of frameworks proposed as protective of antimicrobial resistance propagation in the environment. Environ Int 2020; 144:106053. [PMID: 32861164 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment is a globally concerning issue. This study sought to improve the understanding of human health risks from an environmental AMR proliferation perspective. Surface water concentrations of 11 most used antibiotics in the United States were simulated for the Columbia and Sacramento River watersheds using the Pharmaceutical Assessment and Transport Evaluation (PhATE) model. The predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) and literature-reported measured environmental concentrations (MECs) of antibiotics were compared to the predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs) of three frameworks proposed as protective of AMR selection. For all of the studied antibiotics, PECs (except for moxifloxacin, a 4th generation fluoroquinolone), and at least one published MEC, were above the safe limit proposed by at least one of the three frameworks. The results indicate that a variety of different antibiotics with different mechanisms of action and physico-chemical properties are likely in environmental compartments at or above the concentrations currently proposed as safe from an AMR proliferation perspective. Understanding environmental occurrence of antibiotics is important for assessing environmental exposures and, when compared to PNECs for resistance selection, can-either alone or in combination with other methods- more specifically indicate where there are potential risks of AMR proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mortimer
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and Earth Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
| | - Alyssa Winchell
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and Earth Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
| | - Patricia A Holden
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management and Earth Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
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19
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Booth A, Aga DS, Wester AL. Retrospective analysis of the global antibiotic residues that exceed the predicted no effect concentration for antimicrobial resistance in various environmental matrices. Environ Int 2020; 141:105796. [PMID: 32422499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health concern. Recent research has suggested that interactions between pathogens and antibiotic residues in various environmental matrices promote the development and spread of AMR in the environment. The levels of antibiotic residues in the aquatic environment have been analysed globally. Recently, Predicted No Effect Environmental Concentration (PNEC) values for many antibiotics have been suggested, based on their estimated minimal selective concentrations for selected bacterial species. The PNEC values can serve as a guide on the maximum levels of antibiotic residues in an environmental matrix, below which resistance is unlikely to develop. AIM We aimed to determine which of the antibiotics, considered as "priority antibiotics" by the World Health Organisation (WHO), most frequently exceeded their PNEC values in the global aquatic environment. METHODS We obtained data from the German Environment Agency pharmaceutical database on means, medians or single values of 12 antibiotic types in five different environmental matrices [municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent, industrial wastewater effluent, hospital wastewater effluent, surface water, and drinking water] across 47 countries. We compared the mean levels of the 12 antibiotics in each environmental matrix to their suggested PNEC values to determine which antibiotic types exceeded PNEC and were most likely to select for resistance. We also determined which environmental matrices and countries had the highest burden of antibiotic residues. RESULTS Our study revealed that 7.9% of all analyses of antibiotic residues performed in the environmental matrices globally exceeded PNEC. Ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin had the greatest proportion (>30%) of residues exceeding PNEC. Hospital wastewater and industrial wastewater had the highest burden of antibiotic residues exceeding PNEC. No antibiotics exceeded PNEC in drinking water. CONCLUSION While most environmental monitoring studies have focused on municipal wastewater treatment plants, the limited number of studies on hospital wastewater and industrial wastewater revealed that a large number of antibiotic residues coming from these sources exceeded their PNEC values. Our study highlights the importance of implementing on-site treatment systems that aim to destroy antibiotics prior to discharging wastewater to surface waters. Attention needs to be focused on the role that environmental matrices, particularly our wastewater sites, play in promoting antibiotic resistance. Novel treatment technologies need to be developed and implemented to increase the removal efficiencies of treatment plants and from antibiotic manufacturing, and decrease the discharge of antibiotic residues into aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Booth
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, The State of New York University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Astrid L Wester
- Centre for AMR, Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Sørensen SN, Wigger H, Zabeo A, Semenzin E, Hristozov D, Nowack B, Spurgeon DJ, Baun A. Comparison of species sensitivity distribution modeling approaches for environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials - A case study for silver and titanium dioxide representative materials. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 225:105543. [PMID: 32585540 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are used in chemical safety assessments to derive predicted-no-effect-concentrations (PNECs) for substances with a sufficient amount of relevant and reliable ecotoxicity data available. For engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), ecotoxicity data are often compromised by poor reproducibility and the lack of nano-specific characterization needed describe an ENM under test exposure conditions. This may influence the outcome of SSD modelling and hence the regulatory decision-making. This study investigates how the outcome of SSD modelling is influenced by: 1) Selecting input data based on the nano-specific "nanoCRED" reliability criteria, 2) Direct SSD modelling avoiding extrapolation of data by including long-term/chronic NOECs only, and 3) Weighting data according to their nano-specific quality, the number of data available for each species, and the trophic level abundance in the ecosystem. Endpoints from freshwater ecotoxicity studies were collected for the representative nanomaterials NM-300 K (silver) and NM-105 (titanium dioxide), evaluated for regulatory reliability and scored according to the level of nano-specific characterization conducted. The compiled datasets are unique in exclusively dealing with representative ENMs showing minimal batch-to-batch variation. The majority of studies were evaluated as regulatory reliable, while the degree of nano-specific characterization varied greatly. The datasets for NM-300 K and NM-105 were used as input to the nano-weighted n-SSWD model, the probabilistic PSSD+, and the conventional SSD Generator by the US EPA. The conventional SSD generally yielded the most conservative, but least precise HC5 values, with 95 % confidence intervals up to 100-fold wider than the other models. The inclusion of regulatory reliable data only, had little effect on the HC5 generated by the conventional SSD and the PSSD+, whereas the n-SSWD estimated different HC5 values based on data segregated according to reliability, especially for NM-105. The n-SSWD weighting of data significantly affected the estimated HC5 values, however in different ways for the sub-datasets of NM-300 K and NM-105. For NM-300 K, the inclusion of NOECs only in the weighted n-SSWD yielded the most conservative HC5 of all datasets and models (a HC5 based on NOECs only could not be estimated for NM-105, due to limited number of data). Overall, the estimated HC5 values of all models are within a relatively limited concentration range of 25-100 ng Ag/L for NM-300 K and 1-15 μgTiO2/L for NM-105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nørgaard Sørensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henning Wigger
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland; DLR Institute of Networked Energy Systems - Energy Systems Analysis, Carl-von-Ossietzky Str. 15, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alex Zabeo
- GreenDecision, Via delle Industrie 21/8, 30175, Marghera, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via delle Industrie 21/8, 30175, Marghera, Venice, Italy
| | - Danail Hristozov
- GreenDecision, Via delle Industrie 21/8, 30175, Marghera, Venice, Italy
| | - Bernd Nowack
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology and Society Laboratory, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David J Spurgeon
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, DK-2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
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Michaud AM, Cambier P, Sappin-Didier V, Deltreil V, Mercier V, Rampon JN, Houot S. Mass balance and long-term soil accumulation of trace elements in arable crop systems amended with urban composts or cattle manure during 17 years. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:5367-5386. [PMID: 31848970 PMCID: PMC7028826 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic waste products (OWP) application to crop lands makes possible nutrients recycling. However, it can result in long-term accumulation of trace elements (TE) in soils. The present study aimed at (i) assessing the impact of regular applications of urban composts and manure on the TE contents of topsoils and crops in a long-term field experiment, (ii) comparing the TE mass balances with the stock variations of TE in soils, and (iii) proposing a prospective evaluation of this practice, based on estimated soil safe threshold values and simulations of soil TE accumulation for 100 years. In the long-term field experiment, physico-chemical properties and TE contents (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) have been measured in OWP, soils, plants and leaching waters for the period 1998-2015, and used for mass balance calculations and long-term simulations of TE accumulations. The composts of green wastes and sludge (GWS) and of municipal solid waste (MSW) were the OWP with the largest TE contents, while the farmyard manure tended to have the lowest. Repeated application of OWP led to significant accumulation of Zn and Cu in the topsoil layer (not for Cr, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb), especially with GWS, without overpassing calculated protective threshold values. No effect of repeated application of OWP has been observed on TE contents in grains (wheat, maize, barley). The positive mass balance has been dominated by the input flux of TE through OWP and resulted in the observed increases of soil stocks for Cu and Zn. Prospective simulation of soil content evolution until 2100 showed that soil content reached 0.4 mg Cd kg-1 soil (GWS, MSW), 38 mg Cu kg-1 soil (GWS) and 109 mg Zn kg-1 soil (GWS), which remained lower than protective threshold values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Marcelline Michaud
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
- UMR SAS, INRA, AgroCampusOuest, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, France.
| | - Philippe Cambier
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | | | - Valentin Deltreil
- Veolia recherche & innovation, Chemin de la digue, 78603, Maisons-Laffitte, France
| | - Vincent Mercier
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Jean-Noël Rampon
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Sabine Houot
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
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Xing L, Wang L, Xu B, Li A. Derivation of the predicted no-effect concentration for organophosphate esters and the associated ecological risk in surface water in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:19795-19803. [PMID: 31089997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05236-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs), as re-emerging contaminants considered to be a potential health concern, are ubiquitous in the environment and have been widely investigated. However, little is known on the safe OPE concentrations in the water quality criteria for the protection of the aquatic environment, which is an indispensable part of environmental management. In the present study, aquatic acute and chronic predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) of six frequently detected OPEs were derived from the hazardous concentrations for 5% of species (HC5s), respectively. The acute PNECs for the selected OPEs ranged from 17.70 to 3562 μg/L, while the chronic PNECs ranged from 4.6 × 10-4 to 61.85 μg/L. Among these OPEs, tricresyl phosphate (TCrP) exhibited the lowest acute PNEC, while tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) presented chronic PNEC, which indicated that it has a higher toxicity effect on the aquatic environment. Furthermore, the aquatic ecological risks of individual OPEs (except for TDCPP) were deemed to be relatively low in Chinese surface water; however, the aquatic ecological risks of TDCPP and ΣOPEs indicated that they have potential adverse effects and should be considered as a potential health concern. The probability of 5% of aquatic organisms being affected by ΣOPEs was in the range of 0.21 to 17.39% based on the joint probability curve method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Nanjing University & Yancheng Academy of Environmental Protection Technology and Engineering, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Lichao Wang
- Nanjing University & Yancheng Academy of Environmental Protection Technology and Engineering, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, No.8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Tell J, Caldwell DJ, Häner A, Hellstern J, Hoeger B, Journel R, Mastrocco F, Ryan JJ, Snape J, Straub JO, Vestel J. Science-based Targets for Antibiotics in Receiving Waters from Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Operations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019; 15:312-319. [PMID: 30884149 PMCID: PMC6849714 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In 2016, the United Nations declared the need for urgent action to combat the global threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In support of this effort, the pharmaceutical industry has committed to measures aimed at improving the stewardship of antibiotics both within and outside the clinic. Notably, a group of companies collaborated to specifically address concerns related to antibiotic residues being discharged from manufacturing sites. In addition to developing a framework of minimum environmental expectations for antibiotic manufacturers, science-based receiving water targets were established for antibiotics discharged from manufacturing operations. This paper summarizes the holistic approach taken to derive these targets and includes previously unpublished, company-generated, environmental toxicity data.
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Abstract
While the lung is commonly known for its gas exchange function, it is exposed to signals in the inhaled air and responds to them by collaborating with other systems including immune cells and the neural circuit. This important aspect of lung physiology led us to consider the lung as a sensory organ. Among different cell types within the lung that mediate this role, several recent studies have renewed attention on pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs). PNECs are a rare, innervated airway epithelial cell type that accounts for <1% of the lung epithelium population. They are enriched at airway branch points. Classical in vitro studies have shown that PNECs can respond to an array of aerosol stimuli such as hypoxia, hypercapnia and nicotine. Recent in vivo evidence suggests an essential role of PNECs at neuroimmunomodulatory sites of action, releasing neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and facilitating asthmatic responses to allergen. In addition, evidence supports that PNECs can function both as progenitor cells and progenitor niches following airway epithelial injury. Increases in PNECs have been documented in a large array of chronic lung diseases. They are also the cells-of-origin for small cell lung cancer. A better understanding of the specificity of their responses to distinct insults, their impact on normal lung function and their roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary ailments will be the next challenge toward designing therapeutics targeting the neuroendocrine system in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pengfei Sui
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jamie M Verheyden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Center for Childhood Lung Research, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Huang Q, Bu Q, Zhong W, Shi K, Cao Z, Yu G. Derivation of aquatic predicted no-effect concentration ( PNEC) for ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole based on various toxicity endpoints and the associated risks. Chemosphere 2018; 193:223-229. [PMID: 29136568 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For pharmaceuticals, the ecological risk assessment based on traditional endpoints of toxicity could not be properly protective in the long run since the mode of action could vary because they are intended for different therapeutic uses. In this study, the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) of two selected pharmaceuticals, ibuprofen (IBU) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), were derived based on either traditional endpoints of survival and growth data or some nonlethal endpoints such as reproduction, biochemical and molecular data. The PNECs of IBU based on biochemical-cellular and reproduction data were 0.018 and 0.026 μg L-1 that were significantly lower than those derived from other endpoints, while the lowest PNEC for SMX derived from growth data with the concentration of 0.89 μg L-1. Ecological risk assessment was performed for IBU and SMX to the aquatic environment by applying hazard quotient and probabilistic distribution based quotient (DBQs) methods. The results showed that the probability of DBQs of IBU exceeding 0.1 was 11.2%, while for SMX the probability was 0.9% that could be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusen Huang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation & Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Kaichong Shi
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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26
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Obiakor MO, Tighe M, Wang Z, Ezeonyejiaku CD, Pereg L, Wilson SC. The relative sensitivity of freshwater species to antimony(III): Implications for water quality guidelines and ecological risk assessments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:25276-25290. [PMID: 28929352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is a pollutant in many jurisdictions, yet its threat to aquatic biota is unclear. Water quality guidelines (WQGs) for Sb are not well established and large uncertainty factors are commonly applied in derivation. We constructed freshwater species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) for Sb(III) using available acute toxicity data sourced from temperate and tropical regional studies. A tiered ecological risk assessment (ERA) approach using risk quotients (RQs) was applied for characterisation of risks presented by Sb(III) concentrations measured in the freshwater environment. Multiple parametric models were fitted for each SSD, with the optimal model used to derive the 5% hazardous concentration (HC5), defined as protective of 95% of species, and the corresponding predicted no effect concentration (PNEC). The HC5 values for whole and temperate SSDs were estimated at 781 and 976 μg L-1 Sb(III), respectively, while the PNECs for both datasets were 156 and 195 μg L-1 Sb(III), respectively. Due to limited tropical data, a temperate-to-tropic extrapolation factor of 10 was used to estimate an interim PNEC for tropical regions of 20 μg L-1 Sb(III). Based on published freshwater Sb(III) concentration values across a range of locations, potential ecological risks posed by Sb(III) in some freshwater systems studied would be classified as medium to high risk, but the majority of locations sampled would fall into the low ecological risk category. Our results facilitate the understanding of toxic effects of Sb(III) to freshwater species but also demonstrate that data for Sb ERA are extremely limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Tighe
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhen Wang
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Lily Pereg
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan C Wilson
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
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Vacchi FI, Von der Ohe PC, Albuquerque AFD, Vendemiatti JADS, Azevedo CCJ, Honório JG, Silva BFD, Zanoni MVB, Henry TB, Nogueira AJ, Umbuzeiro GDA. Occurrence and risk assessment of an azo dye - The case of Disperse Red 1. Chemosphere 2016; 156:95-100. [PMID: 27174821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Water quality criteria to protect aquatic life are not available for most disperse dyes which are often used as commercial mixtures in textile coloration. In this study, the acute and chronic toxicity of the commercial dye Disperse Red 1 (DR1) to eight aquatic organisms from four trophic levels was evaluated. A safety threshold, i.e. Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC), was derived based on the toxicity information of the commercial product and the purified dye. This approach was possible because the toxicity of DR1 was accounting for most of the toxicity of the commercial mixture. A long-term PNEC of 60 ng L(-1) was proposed, based on the most sensitive chronic endpoint for Daphnia similis. A short-term PNEC of 1800 ng L(-1) was proposed based on the most sensitive acute endpoint also for Daphnia similis. Both key studies have been evaluated with the new "Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating ecotoxicity Data" (CRED) methodology, applying more objective criteria to assess the quality of toxicity tests, resulting in two reliable and relevant endpoints with only minor restrictions. HPLC-MS/MS was used to quantify the occurrence of DR1 in river waters of three sites, influenced by textile industry discharges, resulting in a concentration range of 50-500 ng L(-1). The risk quotients for DR1 obtained in this work suggest that this dye can pose a potential risk to freshwater biota. To reduce uncertainty of the derived PNEC, a fish partial or full lifecycle study should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Inforçato Vacchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Theodore B Henry
- School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gisela de Aragão Umbuzeiro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, USP, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
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Gheorghe S, Petre J, Lucaciu I, Stoica C, Nita-Lazar M. Risk screening of pharmaceutical compounds in Romanian aquatic environment. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:379. [PMID: 27234514 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aquatic environment is under increased pressure by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) due to anthropogenic activities. In spite of being found at very low concentrations (ng/L to μg/L) in the environment, PhACs represent a real danger to aquatic ecosystems due to their bioaccumulation and long-term effects. In this study, the presence in the aquatic environment of six non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, diclofenac, acetaminophen, naproxen, indomethacin, and ketoprofen), caffeine, and carbamazepine were monitored. Moreover, their aquatic risk and ecotoxicity by three biological models were evaluated. The monitoring studies performed in Romania showed that all studied PhACs were naturally present at concentrations >0.01 μg/L, pointing out the necessity to perform further toxicity tests for environmental risk assessment. The toxicity studies were carried out on aquatic organisms or bacteria and they indicated, for most of the tested PhACs, an insignificant or low toxicity effects: lethal concentrations (LC50) on fish Cyprinus carpio ranged from 42.60 mg/L to more than 100 mg/L; effective concentrations (EC50) on planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna ranged from 11.02 mg/L to more than 100 mg/L; inhibitory concentrations (IC50)/microbial toxic concentrations (MTC) on Vibrio fischeri and other bacterial strains ranged from 7.02 mg/L to more than 100 mg/L. The PhAC aquatic risk was assessed by using the ratio between measured environmental concentration (MEC) and predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) calculated for each type of organism. The average of quotient risks (RQs) revealed that the presence of these compounds in Romania's aquatic environment induced a lower or moderate aquatic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gheorghe
- Control Pollution Department, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest - 6, Romania.
| | - Jana Petre
- Control Pollution Department, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest - 6, Romania
| | - Irina Lucaciu
- Control Pollution Department, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest - 6, Romania
| | - Catalina Stoica
- Control Pollution Department, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest - 6, Romania
| | - Mihai Nita-Lazar
- Control Pollution Department, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, 71-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, 060652, Bucharest - 6, Romania
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29
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Deng W, Li N, Zheng H, Lin H. Occurrence and risk assessment of antibiotics in river water in Hong Kong. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 125:121-7. [PMID: 26685784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of six typical antibiotics in the main rivers of Hong Kong were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ES-MS/MS). The results revealed that the antibiotics were widely distributed in the area studied. Of the target antibiotics, ofloxacin was the most frequently detected in the rivers, with a detection rate of 69.6% and a median concentration of 0.7ng/L. Sulfadimidine (n.d-580.4ng/L) and doxycycline (n.d-82.2ng/L), with detection frequencies of 65.2% and 30.4%, respectively, were found at the same level as in rivers in North America, Spain, France, Australia, and in the Yangtze and Pearl Rivers of China, while the other target antibiotics were found at lower levels. According to the ratios of the measured environmental concentration to the predicted no-effect concentration, ofloxacin and doxycycline could present a medium to low ecological risk to algae, while sulfonamides posed no obvious ecological risk to the relevant aquatic organisms (algae, Daphnia magna, and fish). A high detection rate of antibiotics occurred in densely populated areas, revealing that population activities might be greatly contributing to the increasing levels of antibiotics in the area. Thus, the residues of antibiotics present in the waters of Hong Kong need to be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong.
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hailong Zheng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Huiying Lin
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, NT, Hong Kong
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Solloch S, Pechacek N, Peterson B, Osorio M, Caudill J. Acute toxicity of peroxy sulfonated oleic acids (PSOA) to freshwater aquatic species and sludge microflora as observed in laboratory environments. Environ Sci Eur 2015; 27:21. [PMID: 27752422 PMCID: PMC5044933 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-015-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxy sulfonated oleic acids (PSOA) is a novel surfactant peracid. The commercial applications of PSOA result in the chemical primarily being disposed of via industrial waste water effluent. Given this manner of disposal, it is important to understand the aquatic hazards of the chemical to better assess the risk posed to aqueous environments. Acute aquatic toxicity laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate aquatic hazards and were conducted according to standard OECD test guidelines with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), water fleas (Daphnia magna) and algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). In addition, microbial toxicity was evaluated in activated sludge obtained from a domestic sewage treatment facility. RESULTS Lethal concentration in 50 % of test species (LC50) and effect concentration in 50 % of test species (EC50) values for PSOA ranged from 0.75 to 5.44 mg/L, representing a relatively small range spanning less than an order of magnitude. No observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) ranges were also relatively small, with ranges of 0.25-1.66 and 0.5-3.6 mg/L, respectively. The EC50, LOEC and NOEC values for microbial toxicity were 216, 60 and 20 mg/L, respectively. Predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) for aqueous media were based on the 96-h LC50 (0.75 mg/L) for O. mykiss, the organism displaying the greatest sensitivity to PSOA. These values were derived for freshwater, marine water and intermittent releases to water and ranged from 7.5 × 10-5 to 7.5 × 10-3 mg/L. A sewage treatment plant PNEC of 2 mg/L was derived based on an activated sludge 3-h NOEC of 20 mg/L. CONCLUSION These values, along with the anticipated environmental fate and transport for PSOA, were considered in assessing the overall aquatic risk posed by this chemical. Despite the relatively high acute aquatic hazards for PSOA, environmental modeling suggests the overall risk of PSOA to aqueous environments is low based on its anticipated uses. This conclusion is consistent with the significant processing of industrial wastewater by onsite or municipal wastewater treatment facilities prior to release to the environment.
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Voelker D, Schlich K, Hohndorf L, Koch W, Kuehnen U, Polleichtner C, Kussatz C, Hund-Rinke K. Approach on environmental risk assessment of nanosilver released from textiles. Environ Res 2015; 140:661-72. [PMID: 26073205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Based on the increased utilization of nanosilver (silver nanomaterials=AgNM) as antibacterial agent, there is the strong need to assess the potential environmental implication associated with its new application areas. In this study an exemplary environmental risk assessment (ERA) of AgNM applied in textiles was performed. Environmental exposure scenarios (via municipal sewage treatment plant (STP)) with wastewater supply from domestic homes) were developed for three different types of textiles equipped with AgNM. Based on these scenarios predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) were deduced for STPs and for the environmental compartments surface water, sediment as well as soil. These PECs were related to PNECs (predicted no effect concentrations). PNECs were deduced from results of ecotoxicity tests of a selected AgNM (NM-300K). Data on ecotoxicology were derived from various tests with activated sludge, cyanobacteria, algae, daphnids, fish, duckweed, macrophytes, chironomids, earthworms, terrestrial plants as well as soil microorganisms. Emission data for the AgNM NM-300K from textiles were derived from washing experiments. The performed ERA was based on the specifications defined in the ECHA Guidances on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Based on the chosen scenarios and preconditions, no environmental risk of the AgNM NM-300K released from textiles was detected. Under conservative assumptions a risk quotient for surface water close to 1 indicated that the aquatic compartment may be affected by an increased emission of AgNM to the environment due to the high sensitivity of aquatic organisms to silver. Based on the successful retention of AgNM in the sewage sludge and the still ongoing continual application of sewage sludge on farmland it is recommended to introduce a threshold for total silver content in sewage sludge into the respective regulations. Regarding potential risk mitigation measures, it is emphasized to preferably directly introduce AgNM into the textile fiber since this will strongly minimize the release of AgNM during washing. If this is not possible due to technical limitations or other reasons, the introduction of a threshold level controlling the release of AgNM from textiles is suggested. It has to be noted that this study is a case study which is only valid for the investigated NM-300K and its potential application in textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Voelker
- Federal Environment Agency Germany, Section IV 2.2, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany.
| | - Karsten Schlich
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Ecotoxicology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Lars Hohndorf
- Federal Environment Agency Germany, Section IV 2.2, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koch
- Federal Environment Agency Germany, Section IV 2.2, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Ute Kuehnen
- Federal Environment Agency Germany, Section IV 2.2, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
| | - Christian Polleichtner
- Federal Environment Agency Germany, Section IV 2.4, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carola Kussatz
- Federal Environment Agency Germany, Section IV 2.4, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hund-Rinke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Ecotoxicology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
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Luo Y, Guo W, Ngo HH, Nghiem LD, Hai FI, Zhang J, Liang S, Wang XC. A review on the occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment and their fate and removal during wastewater treatment. Sci Total Environ 2014; 473-474:619-41. [PMID: 24394371 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1687] [Impact Index Per Article: 168.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants are emerging as a new challenge to the scientific community. This review provides a summary of the recent occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment including sewage, surface water, groundwater and drinking water. The discharge of treated effluent from WWTPs is a major pathway for the introduction of micropollutants to surface water. WWTPs act as primary barriers against the spread of micropollutants. WWTP removal efficiency of the selected micropollutants in 14 countries/regions depicts compound-specific variation in removal, ranging from 12.5 to 100%. Advanced treatment processes, such as activated carbon adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and membrane bioreactors can achieve higher and more consistent micropollutant removal. However, regardless of what technology is employed, the removal of micropollutants depends on physico-chemical properties of micropollutants and treatment conditions. The evaluation of micropollutant removal from municipal wastewater should cover a series of aspects from sources to end uses. After the release of micropollutants, a better understanding and modeling of their fate in surface water is essential for effectively predicting their impacts on the receiving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Luo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Long Duc Nghiem
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Faisal Ibney Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Illés E, Szabó E, Takács E, Wojnárovits L, Dombi A, Gajda-Schrantz K. Ketoprofen removal by O₃ and O₃/UV processes: kinetics, transformation products and ecotoxicity. Sci Total Environ 2014; 472:178-184. [PMID: 24291560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation (O3) and its combination with ultraviolet radiation (O3/UV) were used to decompose ketoprofen (KET). Depending on the initial KET concentration, fourteen to fifty time's faster KET degradation was achieved using combined O3/UV method compared to simple ozonation. Using both methods, formation of four major aromatic transformation products were observed: 3-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzophenone, 3-(1-hydroperoxyethyl) benzophenone, 1-(3-benzoylphenyl) ethanone and 3-ethylbenzophenone. In the combined treatment the degradation was mainly due to the direct effect of UV light, however, towards the end of the treatment, O3 highly contributed to the mineralization of small carboxylic acids. High (~90%) mineralization degree was achieved using the O3/UV method. Toxicity tests performed using representatives of three trophic levels of the aquatic ecosystems (producers, consumers and decomposers) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata green algae, Daphnia magna zooplanktons and Vibrio fischeri bacteria showed that under the used experimental conditions the transformation products have significantly higher toxicity towards all the test organisms, than KET itself. The bacteria and the zooplanktons showed higher tolerance to the formed products than algae. The measured toxicity correlates well with the concentration of the aromatic transformation products, therefore longer treatments than needed for complete degradation of KET are strongly suggested, in order to avoid possible impact of aromatic transformation products on the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Illés
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6723 Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 103, Hungary; Radiation Chemistry Department, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege M. út 29-33, Hungary.
| | - Emese Szabó
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6723 Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 103, Hungary.
| | - Erzsébet Takács
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege M. út 29-33, Hungary.
| | - László Wojnárovits
- Radiation Chemistry Department, Centre for Energy Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege M. út 29-33, Hungary.
| | - András Dombi
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6723 Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 103, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Gajda-Schrantz
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6723 Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 103, Hungary; Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary; EMPA, Laboratory for High Performance Ceramics, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Mohapatra DP, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Picard P, Surampalli RY. Analysis and advanced oxidation treatment of a persistent pharmaceutical compound in wastewater and wastewater sludge-carbamazepine. Sci Total Environ 2014; 470-471:58-75. [PMID: 24140682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are considered as emerging environmental problem due to their continuous input and persistence to the aquatic ecosystem even at low concentrations. Among them, carbamazepine (CBZ) has been detected at the highest frequency, which ends up in aquatic systems via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) among other sources. The identification and quantification of CBZ in wastewater (WW) and wastewater sludge (WWS) is of major interest to assess the toxicity of treated effluent discharged into the environment. Furthermore, WWS has been subjected for re-use either in agricultural application or for the production of value-added products through the route of bioconversion. However, this field application is disputable due to the presence of these organic compounds and in order to protect the ecosystem or end users, data concerning the concentration, fate, behavior as well as the perspective of simultaneous degradation of these compounds is urgently necessary. Many treatment technologies, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed in order to degrade CBZ in WW and WWS. AOPs are technologies based on the intermediacy of hydroxyl and other radicals to oxidize recalcitrant, toxic and non-biodegradable compounds to various by-products and eventually to inert end products. The purpose of this review is to provide information on persistent pharmaceutical compound, carbamazepine, its ecological effects and removal during various AOPs of WW and WWS. This review also reports the different analytical methods available for quantification of CBZ in different contaminated media including WW and WWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Mohapatra
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - S K Brar
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - R D Tyagi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - P Picard
- Phytronix Technologies, 4535 Boulevard Wilfrid Hamel, Québec G1P 2J7, Canada
| | - R Y Surampalli
- US Environmental Protection Agency, P.O. Box 17-2141, Kansas City, KS 66117, USA
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Hahn T, Diamond J, Dobson S, Howe P, Kielhorn J, Koennecker G, Lee-Steere C, Mangelsdorf I, Schneider U, Sugaya Y, Taylor K, Dam RV, Stauber JL. Predicted no effect concentration derivation as a significant source of variability in environmental hazard assessments of chemicals in aquatic systems: an international analysis. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014; 10:30-36. [PMID: 23913910 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental hazard assessments for chemicals are carried out to define an environmentally "safe" level at which, theoretically, the chemical will not negatively affect any exposed biota. Despite this common goal, the methodologies in use are very diverse across different countries and jurisdictions. This becomes particularly obvious when international scientists work together on documents with global scope, e.g., in the World Health Organization (WHO) International Program on Chemical Safety. In this article, we present a study that describes the extent of such variability and analyze the reasons that lead to different outcomes in deriving a "safe level" (termed the predicted no effect concentration [PNEC] throughout this article). For this purpose, we chose 5 chemicals to represent well-known substances for which sufficient high-quality aquatic effects data were available: ethylene glycol, trichloroethylene, nonylphenol, hexachlorobenzene, and copper (Cu). From these data, 2 data sets for each chemical were compiled: the full data set, that contained all information from selected peer-review sources, and the base data set, a subsample of the full set simulating limited data. Scientists from the European Union (EU), United States, Canada, Japan, and Australia independently carried out hazard assessments for each of these chemicals using the same data sets. Their reasoning for key study selection, use of assessment factors, or use of probabilistic methods was comprehensively documented. The observed variation in the PNECs for all chemicals was up to 3 orders of magnitude, and this was not simply due to obvious factors such as the size of the data set or the methodology used. Rather, this was due to individual decisions of the assessors within the scope of the methodology used, especially key study selection, acute versus chronic definitions, and size of assessment factors. Awareness of these factors, together with transparency of the decision-making process, would be necessary to minimize confusion and uncertainty related to different hazard assessment outcomes, particularly in international documents. The development of a "guideline on transparency in decision-making" ensuring the decision-making process is science-based, understandable, and transparent, may therefore be a promising way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Hahn
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Kosma CI, Lambropoulou DA, Albanis TA. Investigation of PPCPs in wastewater treatment plants in Greece: occurrence, removal and environmental risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2014; 466-467:421-38. [PMID: 23933429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, an extensive study on the presence of eighteen pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of Greece has been conducted. The study covered four sampling periods over 1-year, where samples (influents; effluents) from eight WWTPs of various cities in Greece were taken. All WWTPs investigated are equipped with conventional activated sludge treatment. A common pre-concentration step based on SPE was applied, followed by LC-UV/Vis-ESI-MS. Further confirmation of positive findings was accomplished by using LC coupled to a high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The results showed the occurrence of all target compounds in the wastewater samples with concentrations up to 96.65 μg/L. Paracetamol, caffeine, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, diclofenac and salicylic acid were the dominant compounds, while tolfenamic acid, fenofibrate and simvastatin were the less frequently detected compounds with concentrations in effluents below the LOQ. The removal efficiencies showed that many WWTPs were unable to effectively remove most of the PPCPs investigated. Finally, the study provides an assessment of the environmental risk posed by their presence in wastewaters by means of the risk quotient (RQ). RQs were more than unity for various compounds in the effluents expressing possible threat for the aquatic environment. Triclosan was found to be the most critical compound in terms of contribution and environmental risk, concluding that it should be seriously considered as a candidate for regulatory monitoring and prioritization on a European scale on the basis of realistic PNECs. The results of the extensive monitoring study contributed to a better insight on PPCPs in Greece and their presence in influent and effluent wastewaters. Furthermore, the unequivocal identification of two transformation products of trimethoprim in real wastewaters by using the advantages of the LTQ Orbitrap capabilities provides information that should be taken into consideration in future PPCP monitoring studies in wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina I Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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López-Roldán R, Jubany I, Martí V, González S, Cortina JL. Ecological screening indicators of stress and risk for the Llobregat river water. J Hazard Mater 2013; 263 Pt 1:239-247. [PMID: 23911059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this article is to develop and apply several simple and rough indicators for river aquatic ecosystems assessment in order to screen potential chemical stressors. Several indicators, based on toxicity (PNEC) and on legislation levels (EQS) have been developed. All these indicators are ratios that were calculated by using public and private data of concentrations of a large list of compounds during a period of five years, including metals and organic compounds in the lower part of the Llobregat river basin at the intake of the drinking water treatment plant. Additionally, new campaigns were executed for increasing the information available on the presence of compounds not routinely analyzed, such as some other pesticides and pharmaceuticals. In the case of inorganic pollutants, the indicators obtained in this river section showed significant risk especially for zinc, but also for copper, nickel and barium. For organic pollutants, the pesticides terbuthylazine, diazinon, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic (MCPA), and in a few cases, chlorpyrifos and lindane, also showed indexes above the threshold. Among the pharmaceuticals, the antibiotics clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin were the only ones with risk indicators adverse to ecosystems. The specific values of the indexes obtained rely on the quantity and quality of the data available, so their interpretation should take into account that some values can be high due to the use of too conservative toxicological information.
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Ortiz de García S, Pinto GP, García-Encina PA, Irusta Mata RI. Ranking of concern, based on environmental indexes, for pharmaceutical and personal care products: an application to the Spanish case. J Environ Manage 2013; 129:384-97. [PMID: 23995140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) are present in the environment, and many of their adverse effects are unknown. The emergence of new compounds or changes in regulations have led to dynamical studies of occurrence, impact and treatment, which consider geographical areas and trends in consumption and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. A Quantitative study of Structure-Activity Relationship ((Q)SAR) was performed to assess the possible adverse effects of ninety six PPCPs and metabolites with negligible experimental data and establish a ranking of concern, which was supported by the EPA EPI Suite™ interface. The environmental and toxicological indexes, the persistence (P), the bioaccumulation (B), the toxicity (T) (extensive) and the occurrence in Spanish aquatic environments (O) (intensive) were evaluated. The most hazardous characteristics in the largest number of compounds were generated by the P index, followed by the T and B indexes. A high number of metabolites has a concern score equal to or greater than their parent compounds. Three PBT and OPBT rankings of concern were proposed using the total and partial ranking method (supported by a Hasse diagram) by the Decision Analysis by Ranking Techniques (DART) tool, which was recently recommended by the European Commission. An analysis of the sensibility of the relative weights of these indexes has been conducted. Hormones, antidepressants (and their metabolites), blood lipid regulators and all of the personal care products considered in this study were at the highest levels of risk according to the PBT and OPBT total rankings. Furthermore, when the OPBT partial ranking was performed, X-ray contrast media, H2 blockers and some antibiotics were included at the highest level of concern. It is important to improve and incorporate useful indexes for the predicted environmental impact of PPCPs and metabolites and thus focus experimental analysis on the compounds that require urgent attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla Ortiz de García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Valladolid, Calle Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain(1); Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Carabobo, Av. Salvador Allende, Campus Bárbula, Carabobo, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela(3).
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Blair BD, Crago JP, Hedman CJ, Klaper RD. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern. Chemosphere 2013; 93:2116-23. [PMID: 23973285 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has focused on the distribution in rivers and small lakes, but data regarding their occurrence and effects in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, are sparse. Wastewater treatment processes have not been optimized to remove influent PPCPs and are a major source of PPCPs in the environment. Furthermore, PPCPs are not currently regulated in wastewater effluent. In this experiment we evaluated the concentration, and corresponding risk, of PPCPs from a wastewater effluent source at varying distances in Lake Michigan. Fifty-four PPCPs and hormones were assessed on six different dates over a two-year period from surface water and sediment samples up to 3.2 km from a wastewater treatment plant and at two sites within a harbor. Thirty-two PPCPs were detected in Lake Michigan and 30 were detected in the sediment, with numerous PPCPs being detected up to 3.2 km away from the shoreline. The most frequently detected PPCPs in Lake Michigan were metformin, caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, and triclosan. To determine the ecological risk, the maximum measured environmental concentrations were compared to the predicted no-effect concentration and 14 PPCPs were found to be of medium or high ecological risk. The environmental risk of PPCPs in large lake systems, such as the Great Lakes, has been questioned due to high dilution; however, the concentrations found in this study, and their corresponding risk quotient, indicate a significant threat by PPCPs to the health of the Great Lakes, particularly near shore organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Blair
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 E. Greenfield Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53204, United States
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Jin S, Yang F, Xu Y, Dai H, Liu W. Risk assessment of xenoestrogens in a typical domestic sewage-holding lake in China. Chemosphere 2013; 93:892-898. [PMID: 23746367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Release of domestic sewage leads to accumulation of xenoestrogens in holding waters, especially in closed or semi-enclosed waters such as lakes. In the study, the occurrence, distribution, estrogenic activity and risk of eight xenoestreogens were evaluated in Lake Donghu, China. Nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) were identified as the main xenoestrogens ranging from tens of ngL(-1) (in the surface water) or ng g(-1)dw (in the suspended particles and sediment) to tens of μgL(-1) or μg g(-1)dw. The sum of 17β-estradiol equivalents (∑EEQs) ranged from 0.32 to 45.02 ngL(-1) in the surface water, 0.53 to 71.86 ng g(-1)dw in the suspended particles, and 0.09 to 24.73 ng g(-1)dw in the sediment. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was determined as the main contributor to ∑EEQs followed by NP. The risk assessment showed a higher risk in the surface water than in the suspended particles and sediment in such domestic sewage-holding lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Jin
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
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Nagarkar DR, Poposki JA, Tan BK, Comeau MR, Peters AT, Hulse KE, Suh LA, Norton J, Harris KE, Grammer LC, Chandra RK, Conley DB, Kern RC, Schleimer RP, Kato A. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin activity is increased in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:593-600.e12. [PMID: 23688414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is associated with TH2-dominant inflammation. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine that triggers dendritic cell-mediated TH2 inflammatory responses and that enhances IL-1-dependent TH2 cytokine production in mast cells. Although increased TSLP mRNA levels have been found in nasal polyps (NPs), expression of TSLP protein and its function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have not been fully explored. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the role of TSLP in patients with CRS. METHODS We investigated the presence and stability of TSLP protein in NPs using ELISA and Western blotting and investigated the function of TSLP in nasal tissue extracts with a bioassay based on activation of human mast cells. RESULTS Although TSLP mRNA levels were significantly increased in NP tissue from patients with CRSwNP compared with uncinate tissue from patients with CRS or control subjects, TSLP protein was significantly decreased in NP tissue, as detected by using the commercial ELISA kit. We found that recombinant TSLP was time-dependently degraded by NP extracts, and this degradation was completely inhibited by a protease inhibitor cocktail, suggesting that TSLP is sensitive to tissue proteases. Interestingly, NP extract-treated TSLP had higher activity in mast cells, although the amount of full-length TSLP was reduced up to 85%. NP extracts significantly enhanced IL-1β-dependent IL-5 production in mast cells compared with uncinate tissue homogenates, and responses were significantly inhibited by anti-TSLP, suggesting that NPs contain biologically relevant levels of TSLP activity. CONCLUSION TSLP and its metabolic products might play an important role in the inflammation seen in patients with CRSwNP.
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