1
|
Amri R, Chelly A, Ayedi M, Rebaii MA, Aifa S, Masmoudi S, Keskes H. RANKL, OPG, and RUNX2 expression and epigenetic modifications in giant cell tumour of bone in 32 patients. Bone Joint Res 2024; 13:83-90. [PMID: 38368904 PMCID: PMC10875390 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.132.bjr-2023-0023.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims The present study investigated receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene expressions in giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) patients in relationship with tumour recurrence. We also aimed to investigate the influence of CpG methylation on the transcriptional levels of RANKL and OPG. Methods A total of 32 GCTB tissue samples were analyzed, and the expression of RANKL, OPG, and RUNX2 was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The methylation status of RANKL and OPG was also evaluated by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP). Results We found that RANKL and RUNX2 gene expression was upregulated more in recurrent than in non-recurrent GCTB tissues, while OPG gene expression was downregulated more in recurrent than in non-recurrent GCTB tissues. Additionally, we proved that changes in DNA methylation contribute to upregulating the expression of RANKL and downregulating the expression of OPG, which are critical for bone homeostasis and GCTB development. Conclusion Our results suggest that the overexpression of RANKL/RUNX2 and the lower expression of OPG are associated with recurrence in GCTB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Amri
- Research Laboratory Cell Therapy and Experimental Musculoskeletal System, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ameni Chelly
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Ayedi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohammed A. Rebaii
- Research Laboratory Cell Therapy and Experimental Musculoskeletal System, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Aifa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sabeur Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hassib Keskes
- Research Laboratory Cell Therapy and Experimental Musculoskeletal System, Faculty of Medicine, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song K, Brochu HN, Zhang Q, Williams JD, Iyer LK. An In Silico Analysis of PCR-Based Monkeypox Virus Detection Assays: A Case Study for Ongoing Clinical Surveillance. Viruses 2023; 15:2327. [PMID: 38140568 PMCID: PMC10747849 DOI: 10.3390/v15122327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2022 global Mpox outbreak swiftly introduced unforeseen diversity in the monkeypox virus (MPXV) population, resulting in numerous Clade IIb sublineages. This propagation of new MPXV mutations warrants the thorough re-investigation of previously recommended or validated primers designed to target MPXV genomes. In this study, we explored 18 PCR primer sets and examined their binding specificity against 5210 MPXV genomes, representing all the established MPXV lineages. Our results indicated that only five primer sets resulted in almost all perfect matches against the targeted MPXV lineages, and the remaining primer sets all contained 1-2 mismatches against almost all the MPXV lineages. We further investigated the mismatched primer-genome pairs and discovered that some of the primers overlapped with poorly sequenced and assembled regions of the MPXV genomes, which are consistent across multiple lineages. However, we identified 173 99% genome-wide conserved regions across all 5210 MPXV genomes, representing 30 lineages/clades with at least 80% lineage-specific consensus for future primer development and primer binding evaluation. This exercise is crucial to ensure that the current detection schemes are robust and serve as a framework for primer evaluation in clinical testing development for other infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuncheng Song
- Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics, Data Science and AI, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Burlington, NC 27215, USA; (K.S.); (H.N.B.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Hayden N. Brochu
- Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics, Data Science and AI, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Burlington, NC 27215, USA; (K.S.); (H.N.B.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qimin Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics, Data Science and AI, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Burlington, NC 27215, USA; (K.S.); (H.N.B.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jonathan D. Williams
- Labcorp Research and Development, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Burlington, NC 27215, USA;
| | - Lakshmanan K. Iyer
- Center of Excellence for Bioinformatics, Data Science and AI, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Burlington, NC 27215, USA; (K.S.); (H.N.B.); (Q.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Afruza R, Minerva N, Lack JB, Chakraborty M, Haddad JA, Ali RO, Koh C, Levy EB, Etzion O, Heller T. A Simple, Rapid, and Effective Heparinase Protocol to Enable Nucleic Acid Study from Frozen Heparinized Plasma. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:112. [PMID: 37987359 PMCID: PMC10660533 DOI: 10.3390/mps6060112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free RNAs (cfRNAs) are promising analytes as non-invasive biomarkers and have even greater potential if tied in with metabolomics. Plasma is an optimal source for cfRNAs but is often derived from a variety of anticoagulants. Plasma obtained in heparin is suitable for metabolomics but is difficult to utilize for qPCR-based downstream analysis. In the present study, we aimed to develop a simple, time-efficient, and cost-effective heparinase protocol, followed by library preparation and sequencing of human plasma cfRNAs drawn and stored in heparin at -80 °C for several years. Blood was collected in CPT™ sodium heparin tubes from patients with chronic HCV infection (NCT02400216) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center. Plasma cfRNAs were treated with heparinase I and used for library preparation and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Heparinase treatment maintained RNA integrity and allowed for successful library preparation for all the study subjects even with 7 ng of cfRNAs as starting material. The classification report derived from Pavian R package v1.2.0 showed no artificial reads. The abundance of chordate over microbial reads suggests no addition of experimental error through heparinase I treatment. We report a novel and practical approach to heparinase treatment for human plasma collected and frozen in sodium heparin for several years. This is an effective demonstration of utilizing heparin plasma for NGS and downstream transcriptomic research, which could then be integrated with metabolomics from the same samples, maximizing efficiency and minimizing blood draws.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rownock Afruza
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.M.); (M.C.); (J.A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Nicole Minerva
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.M.); (M.C.); (J.A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Justin B. Lack
- Research Technologies Development Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Moumita Chakraborty
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.M.); (M.C.); (J.A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - James A. Haddad
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.M.); (M.C.); (J.A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Rabab O. Ali
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.M.); (M.C.); (J.A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Christopher Koh
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Elliot B. Levy
- Center for Interventional Oncology, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Ohad Etzion
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.M.); (M.C.); (J.A.H.); (O.E.)
| | - Theo Heller
- Translational Hepatology Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (N.M.); (M.C.); (J.A.H.); (O.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng W, Xi J, Zi Y, Wang J, Chi Y, Chen M, Zou Q, Tang C, Zhou X. Stability of African swine fever virus genome under different environmental conditions. Vet World 2023; 16:2374-2381. [PMID: 38152254 PMCID: PMC10750735 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2374-2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim African swine fever (ASF), a globally transmitted viral disease caused by ASF virus (ASFV), can severely damage the global trade economy. Laboratory diagnostic methods, including pathogen and serological detection techniques, are currently used to monitor and control ASF. Because the large double-stranded DNA genome of the mature virus particle is wrapped in a membrane, the stability of ASFV and its genome is maintained in most natural environments. This study aimed to investigate the stability of ASFV under different environmental conditions from both genomic and antibody perspectives, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and elimination of ASFV. Materials and Methods In this study, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for pathogen assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological assays to examine the stability of the ASFV genome and antibody, respectively, under different environmental conditions. Results The stability of the ASFV genome and antibody under high-temperature conditions depended on the treatment time. In the pH test, the ASFV genome and antibody remained stable in both acidic and alkaline environments. Disinfection tests revealed that the ASFV genome and antibody were susceptible to standard disinfection methods. Conclusion Collectively, the results demonstrated that the ASFV genome is highly stable in favorable environments but are also susceptible to standard disinfection methods. This study focuses on the stability of the ASFV genome under different conditions and provides various standard disinfection methods for the prevention and control of ASF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Jiahui Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Yin Zi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Yue Chi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Qingjian Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Chengcheng Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, South China Institute of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bok EY, Kim SB, Thakur G, Choe YH, Oh SJ, Hwang SC, Ock SA, Rho GJ, Lee SI, Lee WJ, Lee SL. Insensitive Effects of Inflammatory Cytokines on the Reference Genes of Synovial Fluid Resident-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15159. [PMID: 37894839 PMCID: PMC10607131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from rheumatoid arthritis patients (RA-MSCs) provide an understanding of a variety of cellular and immunological responses within the inflammatory milieu. Sustained exposure of MSCs to inflammatory cytokines is likely to exert an influence on genetic variations, including reference genes (RGs). The sensitive effect of cytokines on the reference genes of RA-SF-MSCs may be a variation factor affecting patient-derived MSCs as well as the accuracy and reliability of data. Here, we comparatively evaluated the stability levels of nine RG candidates, namely GAPDH, ACTB, B2M, EEF1A1, TBP, RPLP0, PPIA, YWHAZ, and HPRT1, to find the most stable ones. Alteration of the RG expression was evaluated in MSCs derived from the SF of healthy donors (H-SF-MSCs) and in RA-SF-MSCs using the geNorm and NormFinder software programs. The results showed that TBP, PPIA, and YWHAZ were the most stable RGs for the normalization of H-SF-MSCs and RA-SF-MSCs using RT-qPCR, whereas ACTB, the most commonly used RG, was less stable and performed poorly. Additionally, the sensitivity of RG expression upon exposure to proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) was evaluated. RG stability was sensitive in the H-SF-MSCs exposed to TNF-α and IL-1β but insensitive in the RA-SF-MSCs. Furthermore, the normalization of IDO expression using ACTB falsely diminished the magnitude of biological significance, which was further confirmed with a functional analysis and an IDO activity assay. In conclusion, the results suggest that TBP, PPIA, and YWHAZ can be used in SF-MSCs, regardless of their exposure to inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Yeong Bok
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Gitika Thakur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Yong-Ho Choe
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Seong-Ju Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
| | - Sun-Chul Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University, School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun-A. Ock
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), 1500, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Isero-myeon, Wanju-gun 565851, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (E.-Y.B.); (S.-B.K.); (G.T.); (Y.-H.C.); (S.-J.O.); (G.-J.R.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schröder HM, Niebergall-Roth E, Norrick A, Esterlechner J, Ganss C, Frank MH, Kluth MA. Drug Regulatory-Compliant Validation of a qPCR Assay for Bioanalysis Studies of a Cell Therapy Product with a Special Focus on Matrix Interferences in a Wide Range of Organ Tissues. Cells 2023; 12:1788. [PMID: 37443822 PMCID: PMC10340683 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has emerged as an important bioanalytical method for assessing the pharmacokinetics of human-cell-based medicinal products after xenotransplantation into immunodeficient mice. A particular challenge in bioanalytical qPCR studies is that the different tissues of the host organism can affect amplification efficiency and amplicon detection to varying degrees, and ignoring these matrix effects can easily cause a significant underestimation of the true number of target cells in a sample. Here, we describe the development and drug regulatory-compliant validation of a TaqMan® qPCR assay for the quantification of mesenchymal stromal cells in the range of 125 to 20,000 cells/200 µL lysate via the amplification of a human-specific, highly repetitive α-satellite DNA sequence of the chromosome 17 centromere region HSSATA17. An assessment of matrix effects in 14 different mouse tissues and blood revealed a wide range of spike recovery rates across the different tissue types, from 11 to 174%. Based on these observations, we propose performing systematic spike-and-recovery experiments during assay validation and correcting for the effects of the different tissue matrices on cell quantification in subsequent bioanalytical studies by multiplying the back-calculated cell number by tissue-specific factors derived from the inverse of the validated percent recovery rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Markus H. Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lothert K, Bagrin E, Wolff MW. Evaluating Novel Quantification Methods for Infectious Baculoviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040998. [PMID: 37112978 PMCID: PMC10141099 DOI: 10.3390/v15040998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and rapid quantification of (infectious) virus titers is of paramount importance in the manufacture of viral vectors and vaccines. Reliable quantification data allow efficient process development at a laboratory scale and thorough process monitoring in later production. However, current gold standard applications, such as endpoint dilution assays, are cumbersome and do not provide true process analytical monitoring. Accordingly, flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction have attracted increasing interest in recent years, offering various advantages for rapid quantification. Here, we compared different approaches for the assessment of infectious viruses, using a model baculovirus. Firstly, infectivity was estimated by the quantification of viral nucleic acids in infected cells, and secondly, different flow cytometric approaches were investigated regarding analysis times and calibration ranges. The flow cytometry technique included a quantification based on post-infection fluorophore expression and labeling of a viral surface protein using fluorescent antibodies. Additionally, the possibility of viral (m)RNA labeling in infected cells was investigated as a proof of concept. The results confirmed that infectivity assessment based on qPCR is not trivial and requires sophisticated method optimization, whereas staining of viral surface proteins is a fast and feasible approach for enveloped viruses. Finally, labeling of viral (m)RNA in infected cells appears to be a promising opportunity but will require further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keven Lothert
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Elena Bagrin
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael W Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), 35390 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Chen M, Wang Z, Fan Q, Lin Z, Tao X, Wu J, Liu Z, Lin R, Zhao C. Berberine inhibits RA-FLS cell proliferation and adhesion by regulating RAS/MAPK/FOXO/HIF-1 signal pathway in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:91-102. [PMID: 36718649 PMCID: PMC9950669 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.122.bjr-2022-0269.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic immune disease. Berberine, as its main active ingredient, was also contained in a variety of medicinal plants such as Berberaceae, Buttercup, and Rutaceae, which are widely used in digestive system diseases in traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. The aims of this article were to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of berberine on rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate the effect of berberine on the proliferation of RA fibroblast-like synoviocyte (RA-FLS) cells. The effect of berberine on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and other factors was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Transcriptome technology was used to screen related pathways and the potential targets after berberine treatment, which were verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) technology. RESULTS Berberine inhibited proliferation and adhesion of RA-FLS cells, and significantly reduced the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, RANKL, and TNF-α. Transcriptional results suggested that berberine intervention mainly regulated forkhead box O (FOXO) signal pathway, prolactin signal pathway, neurotrophic factor signal pathway, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signal pathway. CONCLUSION The effect of berberine on RA was related to the regulation of RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase/FOXO/HIF-1 signal pathway in RA-FLS cells.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(2):91-102.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Meilin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Fan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Zili Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tao
- Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenquan Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichao Lin
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Chongjun Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China, Mr. Chongjun Zhao. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rana DRSJB, Pokhrel N. Effect of incorporation of bead-beating during DNA extraction for quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Trichuris trichiura in stool samples in community settings: a systematic review. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e15. [PMID: 36722449 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X2200092X] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis was designed to assess the effect of the addition of a bead-beating (BB) step during DNA extraction to effectively isolate Trichuris trichiura DNA from stool samples for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based diagnosis. qPCR-based molecular studies comparing the inclusion of a bead-beating step during the DNA extraction from stool samples with extraction without the step were included in the analysis. Studies using real patient samples in community settings were included. The PubMed database and Google search engine were searched in December 2019. Risk of bias and applicability were assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 checklist. Odds ratios (ORs) for individual studies were combined to estimate the random effects model OR. A total of six independent sub-studies were gathered from two published original articles. The division of the two major studies into six sub-studies was indispensable due to the nature of the study carried out. 128 of the total 192 samples (in all studies) were positive for T. trichiura when BB was used during DNA extraction compared to 108/192 when BB was excluded. The combined OR was 1.66 (95% confidence interval: 1.059 to 2.602). Though only two articles were included in the study, six exclusive individual sub-studies were analyzed. Inherent differences in the background prevalence of helminths in the study population could impact the sensitivity of qPCR. It was found that the inclusion of the BB step during DNA extraction significantly increased the sensitivity of the test. This study was not registered in any database.
Collapse
|
10
|
Laurén A, Braun M, Cazzin C, Colleti K, Cox C, Dietz L, Emrich T, Geddes K, Herr K, Iles T, Rogue A, Verlinden Y, Timmerman P. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the bioanalytical laboratory and technical and scientific considerations for nonclinical and clinical assay characterization, validation and sample analysis. Bioanalysis 2022. [PMID: 36125042 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, the European Bioanalysis Forum reports back on their discussions on practical and scientific considerations related to bioanalytical applications of quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This publication follows an earlier publication in which the European Bioanalysis Forum recommends to consider principles of context of use when defining assay acceptance criteria for method validation criteria and sample analysis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang B, Xiong Z, Liang Z, Zhang C, Cai H, Long Y, Gao F, Wang J, Deng Q, Zhong H, Xie Y, Huang L, Gong S, Zhou Z. Genomic Basis of Occurrence of Cryptic Resistance among Oxacillin- and Cefoxitin-Susceptible mecA-Positive Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0029122. [PMID: 35608351 PMCID: PMC9241717 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00291-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxacillin- and cefoxitin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus is a novel "stealth" methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) type. Here, we sequenced the whole genome of two oxacillin- and cefoxitin-susceptible mecA-positive MRSA isolates from breast abscesses in a lactating woman and a nasal swab of a healthy student in Guangzhou for investigating the mechanism underlying its occurrence. The reversion of these isolates was selected by exposure to sub-MICs of cefoxitin with or without mupirocin. The mecA expression of both parental strains and their revertants was determined, and the whole genome of the revertants was sequenced. Comparative whole-genome analyses performed for both strains revealed that mecA of the clinical strain was mutated by a single-bp insertion at the 262nd position in the tandem repeat region of the gene, and this mutation that led to the formation of a premature stop codon. The colonizing strain was mutated by a novel G-to-A base substitution in the second promoter region (-35 bp) of mecA. The mecA expression level of strain 697 revertant was 37 times higher than that of the parental strain. Although the mecA expression level was even higher for parental strain 199 compared with that for its revertant, its cDNA sequence contained a single-bp insertion. Collectively, both the missense and single substitution mutations of the second promoter of mecA could render MRSA isolates as "stealth" MRSA, thereby emphasizing the importance of combining phenotype tests with mecA or penicillin-binding protein 2a detection for the identification of MRSA. IMPORTANCE The oxacillin- and cefoxitin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus is a novel type of "stealth" methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which is difficult to be detected using conventional methods. To investigate the genomic basis of their occurrence, we sequenced the whole genome of two previously recovered oxacillin- and cefoxitin-susceptible mecA-positive MRSA isolates from breast abscesses in a lactating woman and a nasal swab of a healthy student in Guangzhou. Complete SCCmec structure was absent except for mecA in clinical isolate 199. Additionally, a novel single-base pair insertion was observed in the clinical strain, which resulted in premature termination and a frameshift mutation. The colonizing isolate 697 had a Scc-mec-type IVa, and the second promoter region (-35 bp) of mecA was mutated by a novel G-to-A base substitution. The reversion of oxacillin- and cefoxitin-susceptible mecA-positive S. aureus to resistant MRSA isolates was selected by exposure to subminimum inhibitory cefoxitin with or without mupirocin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingshao Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhile Xiong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuwei Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Cai
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Long
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jielin Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiulian Deng
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huamin Zhong
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Xie
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lianfen Huang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sitang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wissel M, Poirier M, Satterwhite C, Lin J, Islam R, Zimmer J, Khadang A, Zemo J, Lester T, Fjording M, Hays A, Hughes N, Garofolo F, Guilbaud R, Groeber E, Renfrew H, Colletti K, Yu M, Lin J, Fang X, Shah S, Garofolo W, Kar S, Hayes R, Pirro J, Kane C, Luna M, Xu A, Cape S, O'Dell M, Wheller R, Ritzen H, Vance J, Farley E, Matys K, Tabler E, Mylott W, Yuan M, Karnik S, Voelker T, DuBey I, Williard C, Shi J, Yamashita J. Recommendations on qPCR/ddPCR Assay Validation by GCC. Bioanalysis 2022. [PMID: 35703321 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccine research have led to an increased use of qPCR/ddPCR in bioanalytical laboratories. CROs are progressively undertaking the development and validation of qPCR and ddPCR assays. Currently, however, there is limited regulatory guidance for the use of qPCR and a complete lack of any regulatory guidelines for the use of the newer ddPCR to support regulated bioanalysis. Hence, the Global CRO Council in Bioanalysis (GCC) has issued this White Paper to provide; 1) a consensus on the different validation parameters required to support qPCR/ddPCR assays; 2) a harmonized approach to their validation and 3) a consistent development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for all the bioanalytical laboratories using these techniques.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dominy KM, Claudiani S, O'Hare M, Szydlo R, Gerrard G, Foskett P, Foroni L, Milojkovic D, Apperley JF, Khorashad J. Assessment of quantitative polymerase chain reaction for BCR-ABL1 transcripts in chronic myeloid leukaemia: Are improved outcomes in patients with e14a2 transcripts an artefact of technology? Br J Haematol 2022; 197:52-62. [PMID: 34997766 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The clinical outcome of chronic myeloid leukaemia patients has vastly improved since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, with a significant proportion of patients able to achieve treatment-free remission. However, studies have shown that patients with the e13a2 transcript were less likely to achieve major molecular response compared to those with e14a2 transcripts. Most quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for detection of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene do not differentiate between the two transcripts and we therefore hypothesised that technical bias linked to the qPCR assay could partially explain the discrepancy in outcomes. We designed an e14a2-specific assay and identified no difference in results compared to an e13a2 standard assay. We then demonstrated that the commercial e14a2 standards were causing a significant overestimation of the e13a2 transcripts. Finally, we reviewed patient management after the qPCR values were corrected, using our new evaluation. We concluded that despite statistically significant differences in qPCR results, there was no impact on patient management or outcome. We conclude that, at least in our institution, it would be inappropriate to perform separate assays for patients with e13a2 or e14a2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Dominy
- Imperial Molecular Pathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Simone Claudiani
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew O'Hare
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Szydlo
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth Gerrard
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,South East Genomic Laboratory Hub, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pierre Foskett
- Imperial Molecular Pathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Letizia Foroni
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dragana Milojkovic
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jane F Apperley
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jamshid Khorashad
- Imperial Molecular Pathology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nieto-Caballero M, Gomez OM, Shaughnessy R, Hernandez M. Aerosol fluorescence, airborne hexosaminidase, and quantitative genomics distinguish reductions in airborne fungal loads following major school renovations. Indoor Air 2022; 32:e12975. [PMID: 34897813 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent aerosol cytometry (FAC) was compared to concurrent recovery of airborne β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (NAHA) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the respective ability of these methods to detect significant changes in airborne fungal loads in response to building renovations. Composite, site-randomized indoor aerosol samples for airborne fungi measurements were acquired from more than 70 occupied classrooms in 26 different public schools in the Colorado Rocky Mountain Front Range region of the United States. As judged by ANOVA and Pearson's correlation test, statistically significant associations were observed between real-time FAC and airborne NAHA levels, which detected significant reductions in airborne fungal loads immediately following building rehabilitations. With lower confidence, a statistically significant association was also resolved between fluorescing aerosols, NAHA levels, and the recovery of fungal 18S rRNA gene copies by qPCR from simultaneous, collocated aerosol samples. Quantitative differences encountered between the recovery of common genomic markers for airborne fungi and that of optical and biochemical methods are attributed to the variance in 18S rRNA target gene copies that different fungal species can host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nieto-Caballero
- Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering Department, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Odessa M Gomez
- Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering Department, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard Shaughnessy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indoor Air Program, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mark Hernandez
- Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering Department, Environmental Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sibinga NA, Marquis H. Tissue-specific differences in detection of Yersinia ruckeri carrier status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Fish Dis 2021; 44:2013-2020. [PMID: 34432896 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective monitoring for subclinical infections is a cornerstone of proactive disease management in aquaculture. Salmonid fish that survive enteric redmouth disease (ERM) can carry Yersinia ruckeri as a latent infection for several months, potentially facilitating cryptic spread between facilities that exchange fish. In this study, fingerling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were infected by immersion and sampled for up to 14 weeks post-infection. Yersinia ruckeri was cultured from the posterior kidney of more than 89% of fish up to 4 weeks post-infection, but from 2% or fewer of fish sampled at later time points. In contrast, qPCR-based detection of the Y. ruckeri 16s rRNA gene in intestine and spleen extracts revealed a much higher rate of infection: at 14 weeks post-infection Y. ruckeri was detected in nearly 50% of spleens and 15% of intestines. The difference between spleen and intestine is likely due at least in part to technical limitations of qPCR on intestinal DNA extracts; accordingly, we propose that qPCR of spleen DNA ought to be considered the preferred standard for detection of carriers of Y. ruckeri.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Sibinga
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hélène Marquis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Laurén A, Braun M, Byrne P, Cazzin C, Colletti K, Cox C, Dietz L, Emrich T, Geddes K, Herr K, Iles T, Rogue A, Verlinden Y, Timmerman P. Applying context of use to quantitative polymerase chain reaction method validation and analysis: a recommendation from the European Bioanalysis Forum. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1723-9. [PMID: 34708666 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used in various fields of laboratory testing, ranging from forensic, molecular biology, medical and diagnostic applications to a wide array of basic research purposes. COVID-19 infection testing has brought the three-letter PCR abbreviation into the vocabulary of billions of people, making it likely the most well-known laboratory test worldwide. With new modalities and translational medicine gaining importance in pharmaceutical research and development, PCR or more specifically, quantitative PCR (qPCR) is now becoming a standard tool in the (regulated) bioanalytical laboratory, driving the bioanalytical community to define best practices for method development, characterization and validation. In absence of specific guidance from health authorities, qPCR may be vulnerable to scope creep from pharmacokinetics (PK) assay validation as defined in bioanalytical method validation guidance/guidelines. In this manuscript, the European Bioanalysis Forum builds a rationale for applying context of use principles when defining requirements for qPCR assay performance and validation criteria.
Collapse
|
17
|
Rode PA, Kolte RA, Kolte AP, Purohit HJ, Swami RK. Evaluation and association of periodontal status with levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis in chronic periodontitis with and without Type 2 diabetes mellitus following nonsurgical periodontal therapy using quantitative polymerase chain reaction: An interventional study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2021; 25:399-404. [PMID: 34667382 PMCID: PMC8452160 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_522_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to detect and correlate the levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis with clinical parameters after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in chronic periodontitis patients with or without Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) method. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients equally divided into three groups, i.e., periodontally healthy (Group I), chronic periodontitis (CP) (Group II), and CP with T2DM patients (Group III) were assessed through clinical parameters of probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) and were correlated for the presence of P. gingivalis in the respective groups. PPD, CAL, and saliva samples for microbiological evaluation were assessed at baseline, 1-, and 3-month post-NSPT. Results: Significant reduction of PPD was found 1.26 ± 0.22 versus 0.43 ± 0.33 mm in Group I, 4.62 ± 0.78 versus 2.58 ± 0.60 mm in Group II, and 6.28 ± 1.52 versus 4.01 ± 1.38 mm in Group III post-NSPT at 3 months. Similarly, a notable reduction of CAL was exhibited in both Group II (5.28 ± 0.80 vs. 3.12 ± 0.77 mm) and Group III (7.14 ± 1.59 vs. 4.51 ± 1.38 mm) patients after NSPT at 3 months. A greater reduction of P. gingivalis concentrations was observed in both Group II and Group III at 3-month post-NSPT. Conclusion: The substantial improvement of clinical parameters was found to be in correlation with the load of P. gingivalis, which was reduced more in Group II than in Group III, emphasizing the applicability and sensitivity of Q-PCR method for its assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranita Avinash Rode
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajashri Abhay Kolte
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhay Pandurang Kolte
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant Jyotiswarup Purohit
- Environmental Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renuka Kashi Swami
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Aims Acquired heterotopic ossification (HO) is a debilitating disease characterized by abnormal extraskeletal bone formation within soft-tissues after injury. The exact pathogenesis of HO remains unknown. It was reported that BRD4 may contribute to osteoblastic differentiation. The current study aims to determine the role of BRD4 in the pathogenesis of HO and whether it could be a potential target for HO therapy. Methods Achilles tendon puncture (ATP) mouse model was performed on ten-week-old male C57BL/6J mice. One week after ATP procedure, the mice were given different treatments (e.g. JQ1, shMancr). Achilles tendon samples were collected five weeks after treatment for RNA-seq and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis; the legs were removed for micro-CT imaging and subsequent histology. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were isolated and purified bone marrow collected during surgeries by using density gradient centrifugation. After a series of interventions such as knockdown or overexpressing BRD4, Alizarin red staining, RT-qPCR, and Western Blot (Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Osx) were performed on hBMSCs. Results Overexpression of BRD4 enhanced while inhibition of Brd4 suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro. Overexpression of Brd4 increased the expression of mitotically associated long non-coding RNA (Mancr). Downregulation of Mancr suppressed the osteoinductive effect of BRD4. In vivo, inhibition of BRD4 by JQ1 significantly attenuated pathological bone formation in the ATP model (p = 0.001). Conclusion BRD4 was found to be upregulated in HO and Brd4-Mancr-Runx2 signalling was involved in the modulation of new bone formation in HO. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(10):668–676.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - ZiHao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwen Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haowen Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangling Zhong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuibo Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tutino VM, Fricano S, Frauens K, Patel TR, Monteiro A, Rai HH, Waqas M, Chaves L, Poppenberg KE, Siddiqui AH. Isolation of RNA from Acute Ischemic Stroke Clots Retrieved by Mechanical Thrombectomy. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101617. [PMID: 34681010 PMCID: PMC8536169 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has enabled biologic analyses of resected clots. While clot histology has been well-studied, little is known about gene expression within the tissue, which could shed light on stroke pathophysiology. In this methodological study, we develop a pipeline for obtaining useful RNA from AIS clots. A total of 73 clot samples retrieved by MT were collected and stored in RNALater and in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin. RNA was extracted from all samples using a modified Chemagen magnetic bead extraction protocol on the PerkinElmer Chemagic 360. RNA was interrogated by UV–Vis absorption and electrophoretic quality control analysis. All samples with sufficient volume underwent traditional qPCR analysis and samples with sufficient RNA quality were subjected to next-generation RNA sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Whole blood RNA samples from three patients were used as controls, and H&E-stained histological sections of the clots were used to assess clot cellular makeup. Isolated mRNA was eluted into a volume of 140 µL and had a concentration ranging from 0.01 ng/µL to 46 ng/µL. Most mRNA samples were partially degraded, with RNA integrity numbers ranging from 0 to 9.5. The majority of samples (71/73) underwent qPCR analysis, which showed linear relationships between the expression of three housekeeping genes (GAPDH, GPI, and HPRT1) across all samples. Of these, 48 samples were used for RNA sequencing, which had moderate quality based on MultiQC evaluation (on average, ~35 M reads were sequenced). Analysis of clot histology showed that more acellular samples yielded RNA of lower quantity and quality. We obtained useful mRNA from AIS clot samples stored in RNALater. qPCR analysis could be performed in almost all cases, while sequencing data could only be performed in approximately two-thirds of the samples. Acellular clots tended to have lower RNA quantity and quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M. Tutino
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.F.); (K.F.); (T.R.P.); (A.M.); (H.H.R.); (M.W.); (L.C.); (K.E.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-829-5400; Fax: +1-716-854-1850
| | - Sarah Fricano
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.F.); (K.F.); (T.R.P.); (A.M.); (H.H.R.); (M.W.); (L.C.); (K.E.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kirsten Frauens
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.F.); (K.F.); (T.R.P.); (A.M.); (H.H.R.); (M.W.); (L.C.); (K.E.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Tatsat R. Patel
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.F.); (K.F.); (T.R.P.); (A.M.); (H.H.R.); (M.W.); (L.C.); (K.E.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Andre Monteiro
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.F.); (K.F.); (T.R.P.); (A.M.); (H.H.R.); (M.W.); (L.C.); (K.E.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Hamid H. Rai
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.F.); (K.F.); (T.R.P.); (A.M.); (H.H.R.); (M.W.); (L.C.); (K.E.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.F.); (K.F.); (T.R.P.); (A.M.); (H.H.R.); (M.W.); (L.C.); (K.E.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Lee Chaves
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.F.); (K.F.); (T.R.P.); (A.M.); (H.H.R.); (M.W.); (L.C.); (K.E.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Kerry E. Poppenberg
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.F.); (K.F.); (T.R.P.); (A.M.); (H.H.R.); (M.W.); (L.C.); (K.E.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Adnan H. Siddiqui
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (S.F.); (K.F.); (T.R.P.); (A.M.); (H.H.R.); (M.W.); (L.C.); (K.E.P.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Radiology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
McNamara MC, Aykar SS, Alimoradi N, Niaraki Asli AE, Pemathilaka RL, Wrede AH, Montazami R, Hashemi NN. Behavior of Neural Cells Post Manufacturing and After Prolonged Encapsulation within Conductive Graphene-Laden Alginate Microfibers. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2101026. [PMID: 34626101 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Engineering conductive 3D cell scaffoldings offer advantages toward the creation of physiologically relevant platforms with integrated real-time sensing capabilities. Dopaminergic neural cells are encapsulated into graphene-laden alginate microfibers using a microfluidic approach, which is unmatched for creating highly-tunable microfibers. Incorporating graphene increases the conductivity of the alginate microfibers by 148%, creating a similar conductivity to native brain tissue. The cell encapsulation procedure has an efficiency of 50%, and of those cells, ≈30% remain for the entire 6-day observation period. To understand how the microfluidic encapsulation affects cell genetics, tyrosine hydroxylase, tubulin beta 3 class 3, interleukin 1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alfa are analyzed primarily with real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and secondarily with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immediately after manufacturing, after encapsulation in polymer matrix for 6 days, and after encapsulation in the graphene-polymer composite for 6 days. Preliminary data shows that the manufacturing process and combination with alginate matrix affect the expression of the studied genes immediately after manufacturing. In addition, the introduction of graphene further changes gene expressions. Long-term encapsulation of neural cells in alginate and 6-day exposure to graphene also leads to changes in gene expressions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C McNamara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Saurabh S Aykar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Nima Alimoradi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | | | - Alex H Wrede
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Reza Montazami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Nicole N Hashemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kondal R, Kalia A, Krejcar O, Kuca K, Sharma SP, Luthra K, Dheri GS, Vikal Y, Taggar MS, Abd-Elsalam KA, Gomes CL. Chitosan-Urea Nanocomposite for Improved Fertilizer Applications: The Effect on the Soil Enzymatic Activities and Microflora Dynamics in N Cycle of Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172887. [PMID: 34502927 PMCID: PMC8433729 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of polymer-based slow-release urea formulations on soil microbial N dynamics in potatoes has been sparingly deciphered. The present study investigated the effect of a biodegradable nano-polymer urea formulation on soil enzymatic activities and microflora involved in the N cycling of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The nano-chitosan-urea composite (NCUC) treatment significantly increased the soil dehydrogenase activity, organic carbon content and available potassium compared to the conventional urea (CU) treatment. The soil ammonical nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) contents and urease activity were significantly decreased in the NCUC-amended soil. The slow urea hydrolysis rate led to low concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3−-N in the tested potato soil. Furthermore, these results corroborate the low count of ammonia oxidizer and nitrate reducer populations. Quantitative PCR (q-PCR) studies revealed that the relative abundance of eubacterial (AOB) and archaeal ammonia-oxidizing (AOA) populations was reduced in the NCUC-treated soil compared to CU. The abundance of AOA was particularly lower than AOB, probably due to the more neutral and alkaline conditions of the tested soil. Our results suggest that the biodegradable polymer urea composite had a significant effect on the microbiota associated with soil N dynamics. Therefore, the developed NCUC could be used as a slow N-release fertilizer for enhanced growth and crop yields of potato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Kondal
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India; (R.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Anu Kalia
- Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (K.K.); Tel.: +91-161-2401960 (A.K.); +420-603-289-166 (K.K.)
| | - Ondrej Krejcar
- Center for Basic and Applied Science, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (K.K.); Tel.: +91-161-2401960 (A.K.); +420-603-289-166 (K.K.)
| | - Sat Pal Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;
| | - Karanvir Luthra
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India; (R.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Gurmeet Singh Dheri
- Green House Gas Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;
| | - Yogesh Vikal
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;
| | - Monica Sachdeva Taggar
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India;
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Carmen L. Gomes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qadir J, Riaz SK, Sahar NE, Aman D, Khan MJ, Malik MFA. Transcriptional elucidation of tumor necrosis factor-α-mediated nuclear factor-κB1 activation in breast cancer cohort of Pakistan. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 16:1443-1448. [PMID: 33342810 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_484_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis of mammary tumors are mediated by dysregulation of multiple genes involved in various signaling pathways. Expressional variation of these molecules significantly influences cancer cell proliferation in breast cancer. Aims and Objectives In the current study, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and its downstream effector nuclear factor kappa-B1 (NF-κB1) mean transcript levels were explored and associated with molecular subtypes in breast cancer cohort of Pakistan. Freshly excised tumors (n = 150) along with background tissues were collected for RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis. Materials and Methods Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was carried out for quantification of TNF-α, NF-κB1, and β-actin gene transcripts along with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, and Ki-67, followed by statistical analysis. Results For TNF-α and NF-κB1, 95% and 77% of the cohort was found to be positive, respectively. Both of these molecules were found to be significantly upregulated in tumors when compared against their respective controls (P < 0.0001). Association of TNF-α and NF-κB1 with late clinical stages, poorly differentiated tumors, increased tumor size, nodal involvement, and metastasis was observed to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Strong positive correlation was established between TNF-α and NF-κB1(r = 0.465, P< 0.05). Moreover, mean transcript levels of TNF-α and NF-κB1 were significantly elevated in Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes of breast cancer patients, respectively. Conclusion Strong positive correlation between TNF-α and NF-κB1 proposed the putative role of these molecules as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Qadir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Kiran Riaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Namood-E Sahar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Durkhshan Aman
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zahran S, Patel S, Koller G, Mannocci F. The impact of an enhanced infection control protocol on molar root canal treatment outcome - a randomized clinical trial. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1993-2005. [PMID: 34352123 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of an enhanced infection control protocol on root canal treatment outcomes and on microbial load within root canals after chemomechanical preparation. METHODOLOGY A total of 144 molar teeth from 139 healthy patients receiving primary root canal treatment were block randomized to a standard protocol (StP) or an enhanced infection control protocol (EnP). Both treatment arms adhered to current best practice recommendations, while the EnP comprised additional steps that included replacing rubber dams, gloves, files, all instruments and surface barriers at the time of canal filling to reduce the chances of iatrogenic contamination. Patients and radiographic examiners were blinded to the protocol used. Intracanal microbial samples were taken at baseline (S1) and after completion of chemomechanical preparation (S2). Microbial 16S rDNA copy numbers were enumerated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken before treatment and at one-year follow-up. The outcome was assessed clinically and radiographically using CBCT by logistic regression modelling. RESULTS At one-year follow-up, 115 teeth were analysed (54 in StP and 61 in EnP). The percentage of favourable outcomes assessed by CBCT was 85.2% in the EnP and 66.7% in the StP. The odds of 12-month success was three times higher in the EnP group compared with the StP group (OR=2.89; p=0.022, CI: 1.17 - 7.15). The median bacterial reads were reduced from 8.1×103 in S1 samples to 3.5×103 in the StP group and from 8.6×103 to 1.3×103 in the EnP group. The enhanced protocol significantly reduced bacterial counts in pre-canal filling samples when compared to the standard protocol (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a facile, enhanced infection control protocol in primary root canal treatment resulted in less detectable bacterial DNA before canal filling and significantly more successful outcomes at one year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Zahran
- Department of Endodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanon Patel
- Department of Endodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Garrit Koller
- Department of Endodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,LCN - London Centre for Nanotechnology, Bloomsbury, London, UK
| | - Francesco Mannocci
- Department of Endodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
AIMS MicroRNA-183 (miR-183) is known to play important roles in osteoarthritis (OA) pain. The aims of this study were to explore the specific functions of miR-183 in OA pain and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Clinical samples were collected from patients with OA, and a mouse model of OA pain was constructed by surgically induced destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to measure the expression of miR-183, transforming growth factor α (TGFα), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)), and pain-related factors (transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype-1 (TRPV1), voltage-gated sodium 1.3, 1.7, and 1.8 (Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8)). Expression of miR-183 in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of mice was evaluated by in situ hybridization. TGFα, CCL2, and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) levels were examined by immunoblot analysis and interaction between miR-183 and TGFα, determined by luciferase reporter assay. The extent of pain in mice was measured using a behavioural assay, and OA severity assessed by Safranin O and Fast Green staining. Immunofluorescent staining was conducted to examine the infiltration of macrophages in mouse DRG. RESULTS miR-183 was downregulated in tissue samples from patients and mice with OA. In DMM mice, overexpression of miR-183 inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) and pain-related factors (TRPV1, Nav1.3, Nav1.7, Nav1.8) in DRG. OA pain was relieved by miR-183-mediated inhibition of macrophage infiltration, and dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-183 directly targeted TGFα. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that miR-183 can ameliorate OA pain by inhibiting the TGFα-CCL2/CCR2 signalling axis, providing an excellent therapeutic target for OA treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(8):548-557.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Tao
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Biyun Zeng
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xucheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Manman Su
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
WAKAYAMA Y, HIRAKO S, OHTAKI H, ARATA S, JIMI T, HONDA K. Histopathological and aquaporin7 mRNA expression analyzes in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of obese db/db mice. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1155-1160. [PMID: 34053976 PMCID: PMC8349804 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine 1) muscle fiber type composition, 2) myofiber diameter, and 3) aquaporin (AQP) 7 and AQP 9 mRNA expressions by quantitative PCR in muscles of obese db/db mice. The myofiber type composition of skeletal muscle was not statistically significantly different between db/db mice and control mice; while the average myofiber diameter ratio showed a decrease in db/db mice. The expression of AQP7 but not AQP9 mRNA in the skeletal and cardiac muscles was significantly upregulated in db/db mice. Thus this study revealed quantitatively that type 2 myofiber atrophy was shown in the skeletal muscles of db/db mice. AQP7 mRNA expression was upregulated in the skeletal and cardiac muscles of db/db mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro WAKAYAMA
- Wakayama Clinic, 2-3-18 Kanai, Machida-shi, Tokyo 195-0072, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi HIRAKO
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, 1288 Magome, Iwatsuki-shi, Saitama 339-8539,
Japan
| | - Hirokazu OHTAKI
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Satoru ARATA
- Center for Biotechnology, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Center for Laboratory Animal Science, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Showa University, 4562 Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida-shi, Yamanashi 403-0005,
Japan
| | - Takahiro JIMI
- Division of Neurology, Machida Keisen Hospital, 2-1-47 Minamimachida, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-005, Japan
| | - Kazuho HONDA
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Anderson M, Gersch J, Luk KC, Dawson G, Carey I, Agarwal K, Shah P, Dusheiko G, Lau D, Cloherty G. Circulating Pregenomic Hepatitis B Virus RNA Is Primarily Full-length in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Undergoing Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:2029-2031. [PMID: 32687164 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus RNA is detectable in the serum of infected patients; however, the RNA species has been questioned. We tested 1827 specimens using a quantitative dual-target quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and determined that full-length pregenomic RNA is the primary source. These results clarify the major identity of circulating HBV RNA species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Anderson
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Core Diagnostics Department, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffery Gersch
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Core Diagnostics Department, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Ka-Cheung Luk
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Core Diagnostics Department, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - George Dawson
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Core Diagnostics Department, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| | - Ivana Carey
- King's College, Department of Infectious Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kosh Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pir Shah
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geoffrey Dusheiko
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl Lau
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gavin Cloherty
- Abbott Laboratories, Infectious Disease Core Diagnostics Department, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nettle D, Gadalla SM, Lai TP, Susser E, Bateson M, Aviv A. Measurement of Telomere Length for Longitudinal Analysis: Implications of Assay Precision. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1406-1413. [PMID: 33564874 PMCID: PMC8245883 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers increasingly wish to test hypotheses concerning the impact of environmental or disease exposures on telomere length (TL), and they use longitudinal study designs to do so. In population studies, TL is usually measured with a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-based method. This method has been validated by calculating its correlation with a gold standard method such as Southern blotting (SB) in cross-sectional data sets. However, in a cross-section, the range of true variation in TL is large, and measurement error is introduced only once. In a longitudinal study, the target variation of interest is small, and measurement error is introduced at both baseline and follow-up. In this paper, we present results from a small data set (n = 20) in which leukocyte TL was measured twice 6.6 years apart by means of both qPCR and SB. The cross-sectional correlations between qPCR and SB were high at both baseline (r = 0.90) and follow-up (r = 0.85), yet their correlation for TL change was poor (r = 0.48). Moreover, the qPCR data but not the SB data showed strong signatures of measurement error. Through simulation, we show that the statistical power gain from performing a longitudinal analysis is much greater for SB than for qPCR. We discuss implications for optimal study design and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nettle
- Correspondence to Dr. Daniel Nettle, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures are subjected to selective pressures that can result in acquisition and expansion of recurrent genetic abnormalities at any time. These recurrent abnormalities enhance the variant cells harboring them with a competitive advantage over wild-type cells. Variant cells can eventually supplant wild-type cells entirely and become fixed in culture. Such variants can impact the efficacy of PSCs in research and clinical applications. Therefore, routine genomic characterization is required for reliable and effective use of PSCs. In this article we describe the capabilities and limitations of several assays commonly used for assessing PSC genomic stability. Based on this analysis, we provide a recommendation for integrating assays into a comprehensive testing regimen that maximizes coverage while minimizing cost. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
|
29
|
Faller AC, Shanmughanandhan D, Ragupathy S, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Chang P, Swanson G, Newmaster SG. Validation of a Triplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection and Quantification of Traditional Protein Sources, Pisum sativum L. and Glycine max (L.) Merr., in Protein Powder Mixtures. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:661770. [PMID: 34108980 PMCID: PMC8183462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several botanicals have been traditionally used as protein sources, including the leguminous Pisum sativum L. and Glycine max (L.) Merr. While a rich history exists of cultivating these plants for their whole, protein-rich grain, modern use as powdered supplements present a new challenge in material authentication. The absence of clear morphological identifiers of an intact plant and the existence of long, complex supply chains behoove industry to create quick, reliable analytical tools to identify the botanical source of a protein product (many of which contain multiple sources). The utility of molecular tools for plant-based protein powder authentication is gaining traction, but few validated tools exist. Multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can provide an economical means by which sources can be identified and relative proportions quantified. We followed established guidelines for the design, optimization, and validation of qPCR assay, and developed a triplex qPCR assay that can amplify and quantify pea and soy DNA targets, normalized by a calibrator. The assay was evaluated for analytical specificity, analytical sensitivity, efficiency, precision, dynamic range, repeatability, and reproducibility. We tested the quantitative ability of the assay using pea and soy DNA mixtures, finding exceptional quantitative linearity for both targets - 0.9983 (p < 0.0001) for soy and 0.9915 (p < 0.0001) for pea. Ratios based on mass of protein powder were also tested, resulting in non-linear patterns in data that suggested the requirement of further sample preparation optimization or algorithmic correction. Variation in fragment size within different lots of commercial protein powder samples was also analyzed, revealing low SD among lots. Ultimately, this study demonstrated the utility of qPCR in the context of protein powder mixtures and highlighted key considerations to take into account for commercial implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Faller
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Dhivya Shanmughanandhan
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Subramanyam Ragupathy
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Herbalife International, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Zhengfei Lu
- Herbalife International, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Peter Chang
- Herbalife International, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Gary Swanson
- Herbalife International, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Steven G. Newmaster
- Natural Health Product Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lindemann DM, Allender MC, Thompson D, Glowacki GA, Newman EM, Adamovicz LA, Smith RL. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EMYDOIDEA HERPESVIRUS 1 IN FREE-RANGING BLANDING'S TURTLES ( EMYDOIDEA BLANDINGII) FROM ILLINOIS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2019; 50:547-56. [PMID: 33517623 DOI: 10.1638/2018-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesvirus infections have been associated with high morbidity and mortality in populations of captive emydid chelonians worldwide, but novel herpesviruses have also recently been identified in apparently healthy free-ranging emydid populations. Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii), an endangered species in Illinois, has experienced range-wide declines because of habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation. A novel herpesvirus, Emydoidea herpesvirus 1 (EBHV1), was identified in Blanding's turtles in DuPage County, IL, in 2015. Combined oral-cloacal swabs were collected from radio transmitter-fitted and trapped (n = 54) turtles multiple times over the 2016 activity season. In addition, swabs were collected at a single time point from trapped and incidentally captured (n = 84) Blanding's turtles in DuPage (n = 33) and Lake (n = 51) counties over the same field season. Each sample was tested for EBHV1 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). EBHV1 was detected in 15 adult females for an overall prevalence of 10.8% (n = 15/138; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.2-17.3%). In radio transmitter-fitted females, there was a significantly higher prevalence of EBHV1 DNA in May (23.8%, n = 10/42) than June (3.6%, n = 1/28), July (0%, n = 0/42), August (0%, n = 0/47), or September (7.7%, n = 3/39) (odds ratio: 12.19; 95% CI: 3.60-41.30). The peak in May corresponds to the onset of nesting and may be associated with increased physiologic demands. Furthermore, all positive turtles were qPCR negative in subsequent months. There were no clinical signs associated with EBHV1 detection. This investigation is the critical first step to characterizing the implications of EBHV1 for Blanding's turtle population health and identifying management changes that may improve sustainability.
Collapse
|
31
|
Britton M, Allender MC, Hsiao SH, Baker SJ. POSTNATAL MORTALITY IN NEONATE RATTLESNAKES ASSOCIATED WITH OPHIDIOMYCES OPHIODIICOLA. J Zoo Wildl Med 2019; 50:672-7. [PMID: 33517638 DOI: 10.1638/2018-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophidiomycosis, historically referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, is a significant disease of snakes characterized by crusty scales, pustules, subcutaneous nodules, and death. Ophidiomycosis is a proposed threat to sustainability of free-ranging snake populations throughout the United States and Europe, but the clinical progression during periods of reproductive activity (gravid females, neonates) is unknown. In spring 2012, five apparently healthy gravid eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus) rattlesnakes from Clinton County, Illinois, were brought into captivity to give birth and be returned into the population. While in captivity, one adult female and 21 neonates died. Five individuals were subsequently confirmed positive for O. ophiodiicola by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In 2016, a gravid timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) with ophidiomycosis from Jackson County, Illinois, gave birth in captivity to 13 neonates. Skin swabs were taken from all neonates immediately after birth and confirmed negative for O. ophiodiicola by using qPCR. The neonates remained housed with the positive female for 10 days before all animals were reswabbed and released back into the wild. One neonate was O. ophiodiicola positive at time of release. The initial negative result followed by a positive result several days postpartum suggests that the neonate was infected by the female after direct contact. Both case series represent natural infection of neonates after parturition and highlight the importance of this disease in a demographically important age class.
Collapse
|
32
|
Skou AS, Juul-Dam KL, Ommen HB, Hasle H. Peripheral blood molecular measurable residual disease is sufficient to identify patients with acute myeloid leukaemia with imminent clinical relapse. Br J Haematol 2021; 195:310-327. [PMID: 33851435 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal molecular measurable residual disease (MRD) sampling after completion of therapy serves as a refined tool for identification of imminent relapse of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) among patients in long-term haematological complete remission. Tracking of increasing quantitative polymerase chain reaction MRD before cytomorphological reappearance of blasts may instigate individual management decisions and has paved the way for development of pre-emptive treatment strategies to substantially delay or perhaps even revert leukaemic regrowth. Traditionally, MRD monitoring is performed using repeated bone marrow aspirations, albeit the current European LeukemiaNet MRD recommendations acknowledge the use of peripheral blood as an alternative source for MRD assessment. Persistent MRD positivity in the bone marrow despite continuous morphological remission is frequent in both core binding factor leukaemias and nucleophosmin 1-mutated AML. In contrast, monthly assessment of MRD in peripheral blood superiorly separates patients with imminent haematological relapse from long-term remitters and may allow pre-emptive therapy of AML relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Skou
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hans B Ommen
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Hasle
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Joshi S, Sharma V, Ramesh V, Singh R, Salotra P. Development of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Mycobacterium leprae in clinical samples. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021; 87:491-497. [PMID: 34219438 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_248_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive and definitive diagnostic tests are required for timely treatment of leprosy and to control its transmission. AIM In the present study, we report the development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay using six primers targeting the RLEP gene sequence uniquely present in Mycobacterium leprae. METHODS Tissue punch samples (n = 50) and slit aspirates (n = 50) from confirmed cases of leprosy (M. leprae positive by quantitative polymerase chain reaction), reporting at the Department of Dermatology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, were analyzed using newly developed closed tube loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. The sensitivity and specificity; positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated using MedCalc statistical software. RESULTS The loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay specifically amplified M. leprae genomic DNA with an analytical sensitivity of 100 fg. About 47 Out of the 50 quantitative polymerase chain reactions confirmed M. leprae positive tissue samples, 47 were positive by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (sensitivity 94%; 95% confidence interval 83.5%-98.8%) while only 31/50 were positive by histopathology (sensitivity 62%; 95% confidence interval 47.2%-75.4%) . Using slit aspirate samples of these 50 patients, 42 were positive by both quantitative polymerase chain reaction and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (sensitivity 84%; 95% confidence interval 70.9%-92.8%) while only 23/50 (sensitivity 46%; 95% confidence interval 31.8%-60.7%) were positive by microscopy. LIMITATIONS In the present study, the leprosy patient cohort was not uniform, as it comprised a lower number of paucibacillary cases (22%) compared to multibacillary (78%) cases. CONCLUSION Loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay established here provides a rapid and accurate diagnostic test for leprosy in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The assay is simple to perform in comparison with other molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction/quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and has potential for field applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Joshi
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vanila Sharma
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - V Ramesh
- Department of Dermatology, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Singh
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Salotra
- Molecular Parasitology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sterpu I, Fransson E, Hugerth LW, Du J, Pereira M, Cheng L, Radu SA, Calderón-Pérez L, Zha Y, Angelidou P, Pennhag A, Boulund F, Scheynius A, Engstrand L, Wiberg-Itzel E, Schuppe-Koistinen I. No evidence for a placental microbiome in human pregnancies at term. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:296.e1-296.e23. [PMID: 32871131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta plays an important role in the modulation of pregnancy immunity; however, there is no consensus regarding the existence of a placental microbiome in healthy full-term pregnancies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the existence and origin of a placental microbiome. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study comparing samples (3 layers of placental tissue, amniotic fluid, vernix caseosa, and saliva, vaginal, and rectal samples) from 2 groups of full-term births: 50 women not in labor with elective cesarean deliveries and 26 with vaginal deliveries. The comparisons were performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing techniques and bacterial culture experiments. RESULTS There were no significant differences regarding background characteristics between women who delivered by elective cesarean and those who delivered vaginally. Quantitative measurements of bacterial content in all 3 placental layers (quantitative polymerase chain reaction of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene) did not show any significant difference among any of the sample types and the negative controls. Here, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the maternal side of the placenta could not differentiate between bacteria in the placental tissue and contamination of the laboratory reagents with bacterial DNA. Probe-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction for bacterial taxa suspected to be present in the placenta could not detect any statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. In bacterial cultures, substantially more bacteria were observed in the placenta layers from vaginal deliveries than those from cesarean deliveries. In addition, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of bacterial colonies revealed that most of the bacteria that grew on the plates were genera typically found in human skin; moreover, it revealed that placentas delivered vaginally contained a high prevalence of common vaginal bacteria. Bacterial growth inhibition experiments indicated that placental tissue may facilitate the inhibition of bacterial growth. CONCLUSION We found no evidence to support the existence of a placental microbiome in our study of 76 term pregnancies, which used polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing techniques and bacterial culture experiments. Incidental findings of bacterial species could be due to contamination or to low-grade bacterial presence in some locations; such bacteria do not represent a placental microbiome per se.
Collapse
|
35
|
Malham M, James JP, Jakobsen C, Hoegdall E, Holmstroem K, Wewer V, Nielsen BS, Riis LB. Mucosal microRNAs relate to age and severity of disease in ulcerative colitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6359-6374. [PMID: 33647883 PMCID: PMC7993741 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant evidence that the expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs) impacts disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), it remains unknown if the more severe disease phenotype seen in pediatric onset UC can be explained by an altered miRNA expression. In this study, we assessed the relationship between miRNA expression, age, and disease severity in pediatric and adult patients with UC. Using RT-qPCR, we analyzed the expression of miR-21, miR-31, miR-126, miR-142 and miR-155 in paraffin embedded rectum biopsies from 30 pediatric and 30 adult-onset UC patients. We found that lesions from adult patients had significantly higher expression levels of miR-21 compared to pediatric patients and that the expression levels of miR-31 (all patients) and miR-155 (pediatric patients only) correlated inversely with histological assessed disease severity. Using in situ hybridization followed by image analysis, the expression level estimates of miR-21 and miR-126 correlated with histological assessed disease severity. In conclusion, we found that the expression of miRNAs depends on the age of the patient and/or the severity of the disease, suggesting that miRNAs may contribute to the regulation of inflammation in UC and could be useful biomarkers in the surveillance of disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Malham
- The Pediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark.,The Pediatric Department, Holbaek Hospital, Holbaek 4300, Denmark
| | - Jaslin P James
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark.,Biomedical Technology, Bioneer A/S, Hoersholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Christian Jakobsen
- The Pediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Estrid Hoegdall
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Kim Holmstroem
- Biomedical Technology, Bioneer A/S, Hoersholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Wewer
- The Pediatric Department, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark
| | - Boye S Nielsen
- Biomedical Technology, Bioneer A/S, Hoersholm 2970, Denmark
| | - Lene B Riis
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ninić A, Bojanin D, Sopić M, Mihajlović M, Munjas J, Milenković T, Stefanović A, Vekić J, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Gene Expression and Protein Levels in Adolescents with Type 1 iabetes Mellitus. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2021; 13:61-71. [PMID: 32936764 PMCID: PMC7947732 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2020.2020.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mellitus is one of the most frequent autoimmune diseases in childhood. Chronic complications are the main causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in T1D. Although interactions between advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptors (RAGE) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are implicated in development and progression of diabetic microand macro-vascular complications, they also have important roles in immune system regulation. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 156 adolescents with T1D and 80 apparently healthy controls. T1D patients diagnosed with any other autoimmune disease and receiving any kind of drugs except insulin therapy were excluded from this study. Exclusion criteria for controls were positive family history of T1D and drugs/supplements application. TGF-β1 and transmembrane full-length RAGE (flRAGE) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Circulating levels of biochemical markers, TGF-β1 and soluble RAGE (sRAGE) levels were also determined. RESULTS TGF-β1 and flRAGE mRNA levels were significantly higher in controls compared to patients (p<0.001, for both). However, TGF-β1 and sRAGE levels were higher in patients than controls (p<0.001, for both). There were significant independent associations of all mRNA and protein levels with T1D. TGF-β1 mRNA was the only marker independently negatively associated with urinary albumin excretion rate in T1D adolescents (p=0.005). CONCLUSION Our results indicated gene expression downregulation of TGF-β1 and flRAGE in PBMC of T1D adolescents. TGF-β1 mRNA downregulation may be useful for predicting early elevation of urinary albumin excretion rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ninić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy, Department for Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia,* Address for Correspondence: University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy, Department for Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia Phone: +381 11 3951 266 E-mail:
| | - Dragana Bojanin
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Čupić”, Biochemical Laboratory, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miron Sopić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy, Department for Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mihajlović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy, Department for Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Munjas
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy, Department for Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Milenković
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia “Dr Vukan Čupić”, Department of Endocrinology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanović
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy, Department for Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekić
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Pharmacy, Department for Medical Biochemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Garcia-Perez L, van Eggermond MCJA, Maietta E, van der Hoorn MLP, Pike-Overzet K, Staal FJT. A Novel Branched DNA-Based Flowcytometric Method for Single-Cell Characterization of Gene Therapy Products and Expression of Therapeutic Genes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607991. [PMID: 33584681 PMCID: PMC7876092 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many preclinical and clinical studies of hematopoietic stem cell-based gene therapy (GT) are based on the use of lentiviruses as the vector of choice. Assessment of the vector titer and transduction efficiency of the cell product is critical for these studies. Efficacy and safety of the modified cell product are commonly determined by assessing the vector copy number (VCN) using qPCR. However, this optimized and well-established method in the GT field is based on bulk population averages, which can lead to misinterpretation of the actual VCN per transduced cell. Therefore, we introduce here a single cell-based method that allows to unmask cellular heterogeneity in the GT product, even when antibodies are not available. We use Invitrogen's flow cytometry-based PrimeFlow™ RNA Assay with customized probes to determine transduction efficiency of transgenes of interest, promoter strength, and the cellular heterogeneity of murine and human stem cells. The assay has good specificity and sensitivity to detect the transgenes, as shown by the high correlations between PrimeFlow™-positive cells and the VCN. Differences in promoter strengths can readily be detected by differences in percentages and fluorescence intensity. Hence, we show a customizable method that allows to determine the number of transduced cells and the actual VCN per transduced cell in a GT product. The assay is suitable for all therapeutic genes for which antibodies are not available or too cumbersome for routine flow cytometry. The method also allows co-staining of surface markers to analyze differential transduction efficiencies in subpopulations of target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garcia-Perez
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Elisa Maietta
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Karin Pike-Overzet
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank J T Staal
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bernardo R, Duarte A, Tavares L, Barreto AS, Henriques AR. Listeria monocytogenes Assessment in a Ready-to-Eat Salad Shelf-Life Study Using Conventional Culture-Based Methods, Genetic Profiling, and Propidium Monoazide Quantitative PCR. Foods 2021; 10:235. [PMID: 33498826 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is almost entirely transmitted through foods contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. Ready-to-eat foods present a particular challenge due to their long refrigerated shelf-life, not requiring any heat treatment before consumption. In this work, a shelf-life assessment of an industrially produced ready-to-eat salad was performed using conventional culture-based and molecular methods. L. monocytogenes isolates were confirmed and serogrouped using multiplex PCR, and genetic subtyping was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PMAxx-qPCR was used as an alternative method for L. monocytogenes quantification in foods. Salad samples were kept at 4 °C, 12 °C, and 16 °C for eight days and analysed. At 4 °C, acceptable results were obtained considering hygiene indicators, i.e., Enterobacteriaceae (ranging from 3.55 ± 0.15 log cfu/g to 5.39 ± 0.21 log cfu/g) and aerobic mesophilic colony counts (5.91 ± 0.90 log cfu/g to 9.41 ± 0.58 log cfu/g) throughout the study, but the same did not happen at 12 °C and 16 °C. L. monocytogenes culture-based quantification exhibited low numbers (<1 log cfu/g) for all temperatures. From 30 presumptive isolates, 10 (33.3%) were confirmed as L. monocytogenes with the majority belonging to serogroup IVb. PFGE subtyping showed that 7 of the 10 L. monocytogenes isolates had 100% of pulsotype similarity, suggesting a possible common contamination source. PMAxx-qPCR revealed a statistically higher L. monocytogenes quantification (>3 log cfu/g) when compared to the conventional culture-based method, suggesting viable but non-culturable forms. Taken together, results underline the need to combine conventional methods with more sensitive, specific, and rapid ones for L. monocytogenes assessment in ready-to-eat foods shelf-life studies to reduce the potential risk for consumers.
Collapse
|
39
|
Nefedchenko AV, Glotov AG, Koteneva SV, Glotova TI. Developing and Testing a Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction to Identify and Quantify Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Viruses. Mol Gen Microbiol Virol 2021; 35:168-173. [PMID: 33500598 PMCID: PMC7818697 DOI: 10.3103/s0891416820030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) known as Bovine orthopneumovirus according to the international classification is one of the most important etiological agents of respiratory diseases in calves. At present, rapid and reliable methods to detect and measure the concentrations of this pathogen are needed. The objectives of the survey are developing the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify and quantify the BRSV RNA and, based on it, determining the number of the virus genomes in the respiratory tract of sick animals during the disease outbreaks. The nucleocapsid (N) protein gene of the virus served as the target for amplification. Messenger RNA (mRNA) of bovine GAPDH was used as a reference gene. A panel of positive control samples at known concentrations was used to estimate the virus and GAPDH numbers. The concentration of viral RNA extracted from the biomaterial samples was quantified relative to the bovine GAPDH mRNA level. The analytical sensitivity of PCR demonstrating high specificity and reproducibility was 1 × 103 genome equivalents per 1 cm3. All 273 samples of biological material taken from the animals with the respiratory diseases were analyzed. The virus genome was detected in 19.4% of samples. The viral RNA was more frequently detected in the lungs, which comprised 10.61% of positive samples. It was less frequently found in the mucous membranes of trachea and bronchi and the lymph nodes of the lungs, which comprised 0.73% of positive samples each. Concentrations of the virus in samples varied. The highest concentration was recorded in the lungs (1.3 ± 0.5—4.8 ± 0.47 log10 copies of BRSV/GAPDH RNA). The developed test kit may be used to quantify the concentration of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus in disease pathogenesis and to estimate the efficiency of vaccine or antivirus preparations for animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Nefedchenko
- Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East, Siberian Federal Science Centre for Agro-BioTechnologies, Russian Academy of Science, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk oblast Russia
| | - A G Glotov
- Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East, Siberian Federal Science Centre for Agro-BioTechnologies, Russian Academy of Science, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk oblast Russia
| | - S V Koteneva
- Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East, Siberian Federal Science Centre for Agro-BioTechnologies, Russian Academy of Science, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk oblast Russia
| | - T I Glotova
- Institute of Experimental Veterinary Science of Siberia and the Far East, Siberian Federal Science Centre for Agro-BioTechnologies, Russian Academy of Science, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Novosibirsk oblast Russia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Peker BO, Tüysüz Kintrup G, Sağlık İ, Can Sarınoğlu R, Güler E, Mutlu D, Küpesiz OA, Çolak D. Follow-up of human adenovirus viral load in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14209. [PMID: 33368539 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spectrum of human adenovirus (HAdV)-related disease is broad, and the virus acts on many organs and systems in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. We aimed to evaluate the effect of HAdV-DNA positivity with clinical and laboratory findings 4 months after HSCT. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively investigated HAdV-DNA in 153 HSCT recipients (≤18 years) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RealStar; Altona Diagnostics). The results of samples from January 2014 to December 2017 are included. HAdV-DNA was positive for at least one sample type in 50 (32.67%) patients. HAdV-DNA positivity rate was 8.92% (N: 145/1625), 40.25% (N: 64/159), and 25% (N: 2/8) for plasma, stool, and urine samples, respectively. HAdV-DNA was positive in the plasma of 38 (24.83%) patients at a median 16 (range: 1-58 days) days after HSCT. The mortality rate was 23.68% and 6.95% in plasma HAdV-positive and HAdV-negative patients (p = .014). Moreover, HAdV-DNA positivity had an impact on overall survival for allogeneic-HSCT (p = .013), with the cumulative effect including graft-versus-host disease state in multivariate analysis (p = .014). CONCLUSIONS Plasma HAdV-DNA positivity is a potential influencer that decreases survival in the early post-transplant period. Due to the high mortality rates, close monitoring is required of HAdV infections after HSCT with sensitive methods, especially at the early stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Olcay Peker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Izmir Katip Çelebi University Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülen Tüysüz Kintrup
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İmran Sağlık
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Uludağ University Medical Faculty, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Rabia Can Sarınoğlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Marmara University Pendik Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Güler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Derya Mutlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Medical Virology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Alphan Küpesiz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dilek Çolak
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Division of Medical Virology, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lu S, Zheng K, Wang J, Xu M, Xie Y, Yuan S, Wang C, Wu Y. Characterization of Treponema pallidum Dissemination in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 11:577129. [PMID: 33488577 PMCID: PMC7819853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spirochetal pathogen Treponema pallidum causes 5 million new cases of venereal syphilis worldwide each year. One major obstacle to syphilis prevention and treatment is the lack of suitable experimental animal models to study its pathogenesis. Accordingly, in this study, we further evaluated the responses of mice to Treponema pallidum. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that Treponema pallidum could colonize the heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and testicles of C57BL/6 mice, and the organism may be able to rapidly penetrate the blood-brain barrier in mice by 24 h after infection. In subsequent rabbit infectivity tests, we observed evident signs of the microorganism in the mouse lymph node suspension. After infection, bacterial loads were higher in the tissues than in the blood of C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, a significant Th1 immune response was recorded by cytokine assays. Flow cytometric analysis suggested an obvious increase in the proportion of CD3+ T and CD4+ T cells in the spleen cells in the infected mice. Thus, improving our understanding of the response of C57BL/6 mice for Treponema pallidum will help to comprehensive elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of this bacterium and lay the foundation for the development of a new research model of Treponema pallidum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Lu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Kang Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianye Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Man Xu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yafeng Xie
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yimou Wu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical College, Institution of Pathogenic Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zahran S, Witherden E, Mannocci F, Koller G. Characterization of Root Canal Microbiota in Teeth Diagnosed with Irreversible Pulpitis. J Endod 2021; 47:415-23. [PMID: 33359531 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have shown that in teeth presenting with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis (IP), bacteria and their by-products driving inflammation are confined mainly within the coronal pulpal tissue. The present study aimed to determine the presence and identity of bacteria within pulps presenting with clinical symptoms of IP using molecular methods. METHODS Samples were obtained from 30 adult patients presenting to the dental emergency department with signs and symptoms of IP. After meticulous surface decontamination, the pulp space was accessed, and clinical samples were collected from inflamed pulp tissue using sterile paper points. Genomic DNA was extracted from the clinical samples, and quantification of bacteria was performed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the conserved 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. To characterize the microbial composition, the V3-V5 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and subjected to next-generation sequencing on the MiSeq platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA). RESULTS Of the 30 teeth that presented with IP, half of the intracanal samples had a substantial bacterial load (16S rRNA copies) within the IP vital pulp as determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Next-generation sequencing microbial identification was successful in 7 intracanal samples and yielded 187 bacterial operational taxonomic units within the IP samples. The most abundant genera observed among the vital cases were Veillonella (16%), Streptococcus (13%), Corynebacterium (10%), Cutibacterium (9.3%), and Porphyromonas (5.7%). CONCLUSIONS The current study highlighted the evidence of vital teeth diagnosed as IP harboring considerable bacterial loads and composed of genera reflective of established endodontic pathology and thus may offer insights into the initial events preceding pulpal necrosis.
Collapse
|
43
|
Zeki S, Aslan A, Burak S, Rose JB. Occurrence of a human-associated microbial source tracking marker and its relationship with faecal indicator bacteria in an urban estuary. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:167-177. [PMID: 33025621 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the main impacts of urban sprawl in rapidly growing countries has been contamination of coastal environments by waterborne pathogens, posing a critical risk to ecosystem and human health. Microbial source tracking (MST) has been a robust tool to identify the origin of these pathogens globally. This study compared the occurrence of a human-associated Bacteroides marker (BT-α) with faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in an urban estuary (Golden Horn, Istanbul, Turkey). Faecal coliform (culture method), enterococci (both culture and qPCR method) concentrations and physicochemical variables were compared with the BT-α concentrations in monthly collected samples for a year (n = 108). Enterococci concentrations detected by culture and qPCR were positively correlated (r = 0·86, P < 0·01) suggesting that qPCR can be an alternative method for monitoring. BT-α marker was positive for 30% of the samples and positively correlated with enterococci (r = 0·61 and r = 0·64 for culture and qPCR methods respectively, P < 0·01). Rainfall had a moderate positive correlation with all faecal/MST indicators suggesting combined sewer overflows also severely impacted estuarine water quality. The high FIB and BT-α concentrations at upper estuary suggested that faecal pollution mainly originated from the peri-urban settlements around two creeks entering the estuary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zeki
- Department of Marine Environment, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Aslan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - S Burak
- Department of Marine Environment, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - J B Rose
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hassan HM, Fadel MA, Soliman MA. Evaluation of a modified method of extraction, purification, and characterization of lipopolysaccharide (O antigen) from Salmonella Typhimurium. Vet World 2020; 13:2338-2345. [PMID: 33363324 PMCID: PMC7750214 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2338-2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an integral part of the outer cell membrane complex of Gram-negative bacteria. It plays an important role in the induction and stimulation of the immune system. Various LPS purification protocols have been developed. However, analysis of their efficacy is limited by contamination during downstream applications or the public health hazard of LPS. The aim of this study was to evaluate a modified method for extracting LPS as well as assess the purity of the extracted LPS by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Further, we evaluated its immunopotentiating function by measuring the relative RNA expression levels of splenic immune-related genes such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), after intramuscular injection of increasing concentrations of the extracted LPS in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chick. Materials and Methods: Isolation, identification, and serotyping of Salmonella Typhimurium were performed using chicken flocks. We then performed molecular typing of Salmonella isolates using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A new protocol for purification of LPS from Salmonella isolate (S. Typhimurium) was conducted. HPLC analysis of the extracted LPS in the current study was compared to existing methods. An in vivo study was performed to evaluate the ability of LPS to induce an immune response by measuring relative IFN-γ and IL-1β gene expression after injecting increasing concentrations of the extracted LPS into SPF chicks. Results: Isolation and serotyping revealed that Salmonella enterica was of the serovar Typhimurium. Confirmation was conducted by molecular typing through conventional PCR. Fractionation of the LPS extract by HPLC revealed a high degree of purity comparable with standard commercial LPS. These results demonstrate the high purity of extracted LPS based on our modified method using propanol and sodium hydroxide mixture. Intramuscular injection of the extracted LPS in 22 day-old SPF chicks, compared to the negative control, revealed significant upregulation of IFN-γ and slight downregulation of IL-1β. Conclusion: The new modified method can be used for high purity LPS extraction and demonstrates effective immunopotentiating activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Hassan
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai A Fadel
- Pharmacology and Pyrogen Unit, Department of Chemistry, Toxicology and Food Deficiency, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Soliman
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center ARC, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang C, Zhang Q, Du JL, Deng D, Gao YL, Wang CL, Zhao HJ, Guo Q, Fu Z, Tian DY. Correlation Between the Clinical Severity, Bacterial Load, and Inflammatory Reaction in Children with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:822-8. [PMID: 33123897 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Given the lack of defining features in the clinical manifestations and radiographic findings for children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) has become a useful diagnostic method. This study was performed to explore the relationship between the qPCR findings, clinical symptoms, and inflammatory markers in children with MPP. Four hundred children with MPP have been enrolled in this retrospective analysis. All clinical and analytical information, including mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) PCR results, has been collected. Based on the PCR results, the patients were divided into groups with load values (copy number) < 105 (54 cases), ≥105 and <106 (71 cases), ≥106 and <107 (112 cases), ≥107 and ≤108 (114 cases), and >108 (49 cases). The clinical features (including symptoms and signs) and inflammatory indicators were compared among the groups. The incidence of high fever (above 39°C), thermal peak during the entire hospitalization period, fever duration, days of hospitalization, and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were statistically correlated with the MP PCR load value in children with MPP. The analysis of relevance degree showed the correlative order as a thermal peak of hospitalization > duration of fever > period of hospitalization > LDH value > C-reactive protein value. The host immune response was significantly greater in the complication group than in the non-complication group.
Collapse
|
46
|
González-Rivas E, Nieves-Ramírez M, Magaña U, Morán P, Rojas-Velázquez L, Hernández E, Serrano-Vázquez A, Partida O, Pérez-Juárez H, Ximénez C. Differential Pathogenic Gene Expression of E. histolytica in Patients with Different Clinical Forms of Amoebiasis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1556. [PMID: 33050280 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiological agent of human amoebiasis is the protozoan parasite E. histolytica; the disease is still an endemic infection in some countries and the outcome of infection in the host infection can range from asymptomatic intestinal infection to intestinal or liver invasive forms of the disease. The invasive character of this parasite is multifactorial and mainly due to the differential expression of multiple pathogenic genes. The aim of the present work was to measure the differential expression of some genes in different specimens of patients with amoebic liver abscess (ALA) and specimens of genital amoebiasis (AG) by RT-qPCR. Results show that the expression of genes is different in both types of samples. Almost all studied genes were over expressed in both sets of patients; however, superoxide dismutase (Ehsod), serine threonine isoleucine rich protein (Ehstirp), peroxiredoxin (Ehprd) and heat shock protein 70 and 90 (Ehhsp-70, EHhsp-90) were higher in AG biopsies tissue. Furthermore, cysteine proteinases 5 and 2 (Ehcp5, Ehcp2), lectin (Ehgal/galnaclectin) and calreticulin (Ehcrt) genes directly associate with pathogenic mechanisms of E. histolytica had similar over expression in both AG and ALA samples. In summary the results obtained show that trophozoites can regulate the expression of their genes depending on stimuli or environmental conditions, in order to regulate their pathogenicity and ensure their survival in the host.
Collapse
|
47
|
Almeida ST, Paulo AC, Froes F, de Lencastre H, Sá-Leão R. Dynamics of Pneumococcal Carriage in Adults: A New Look at an Old Paradigm. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1590-1600. [PMID: 32877517 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited information is available on pneumococcal colonization among adults. We studied pneumococcal carriage dynamics in healthy adults using high-sensitivity approaches. METHODS Eighty-seven adults (25-50 years old) were followed for 6 months in Portugal. Nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and saliva samples were obtained monthly; pneumococcal carriers were also sampled weekly. Carriage was investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (targeting lytA and piaB) and culture. Positive samples were serotyped. RESULTS Approximately 20% of the adults were intermittent carriers; 10% were persistent carriers (>4 months). Pneumococcal acquisition and clearance rates were 16.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.2-24.2) and 95.9 (95% CI, 62.3-145.0) cases/1000 person-weeks, respectively. Living with children increased pneumococcal acquisition (hazard ratio, 9.7 [95% CI, 2.6-20.5]; P < .001). Median duration of carriage was 7 weeks and did not depend on regular contact with children. CONCLUSIONS The pneumococcal carrier state in healthy adults is more dynamic than generally assumed: Acquisition is frequent and duration of carriage is often long. This suggests that some adults may act as reservoirs of pneumococci and hence, depending on the social structure of a community, the magnitude of herd effects potentially attainable through children vaccination may vary. These findings are important when designing strategies to prevent pneumococcal disease in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sónia T Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Human Pathogens, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Paulo
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Human Pathogens, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Filipe Froes
- Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Médico-Cirúrgicos, Departamento do Tórax, Hospital Pulido Valente Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Raquel Sá-Leão
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology of Human Pathogens, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shrivastava AK, Panda S, Kumar S, Sahu PS. Two novel genomic DNA sequences as common diagnostic targets to detect Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum: Development of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, and clinical evaluation. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020; 38:430-439. [PMID: 33154258 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_20_114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cryptosporidium is an intestinal parasite responsible for gastroenteritis. Conventional diagnosis of Cryptosporidium is made by microscopy. The most frequent molecular detection method for this parasite is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The objective of the present study was to identify the novel DNA targets and development of PCR-based assays for the specific detection of two major human infecting species Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis. Methodology Sensitive and specific SYBR green quantitative PCR (qPCR) and TaqMan qPCR assays were developed and validated at both diagnostic and analytical level using the new identified targets TU502HP-1 and TU502HP-2. Results Assay validation results showed that the newly developed real-time PCR assays are 100% specific with a reliable limit of detection. Overall repeatability and reproducibility of these assays showed good quality results over intra- and inter-laboratory analysis. Conclusion Novel target-based qPCR assays can be rapid an efficient tool for simultaneous detection of a C. parvum and C. hominis. These genes could also be utilized for the development of innovative DNA-based Point-of-Care test development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Kumar Shrivastava
- Infection Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha; Department of Microbiology, Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swagatika Panda
- Infection Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University; Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subrat Kumar
- Infection Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu
- Infection Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of the Americas (R3 Education Inc), MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
López E, Marinaro F, de Pedro MDLÁ, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Gómez-Serrano M, Ponath V, Pogge von Strandmann E, Jorge I, Vázquez J, Fernández-Pereira LM, Crisóstomo V, Álvarez V, Casado JG. The Immunomodulatory Signature of Extracellular Vesicles From Cardiosphere-Derived Cells: A Proteomic and miRNA Profiling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:321. [PMID: 32582685 PMCID: PMC7295954 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data demonstrated that the regenerative potential and immunomodulatory capacity of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) is mediated by paracrine mechanisms. In this process, extracellular vesicles derived from CDCs (EV-CDCs) are key mediators of their therapeutic effect. Considering the future applicability of these vesicles in human diseases, an accurate preclinical-to-clinical translation is needed, as well as an exhaustive molecular characterization of animal-derived therapeutic products. Based on that, the main goal of this study was to perform a comprehensive characterization of proteins and miRNAs in extracellular vesicles from porcine CDCs as a clinically relevant animal model. The analysis was performed by identification and quantification of proteins and miRNA expression profiles. Our results revealed the presence of clusters of immune-related and cardiac-related molecular biomarkers in EV-CDCs. Additionally, considering that priming stem cells with inflammatory stimuli may increase the therapeutic potential of released vesicles, here we studied the dynamic changes that occur in the extracellular vesicles from IFNγ-primed CDCs. These analyses detected statistically significant changes in several miRNAs and proteins. Notably, the increase in interleukin 6 (IL6) protein, as well as the increase in mir-125b (that targets IL6 receptor) was especially relevant. These results suggest a potential involvement of EV-CDCs in the regulation of the IL6/IL6R axis, with implications in inflammatory-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther López
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Federica Marinaro
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gómez-Serrano
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Viviane Ponath
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Clinic for Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.,Clinic for Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Inmaculada Jorge
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Verónica Crisóstomo
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Álvarez
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Javier G Casado
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rahman A, Doohan F, Mullins E. Quantification of In Planta Zymoseptoria tritici Progression Through Different Infection Phases and Related Association with Components of Aggressiveness. Phytopathology 2020; 110:1208-1215. [PMID: 32133920 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-19-0339-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In planta growth of Zymoseptoria tritici, causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat, during the infection process has remained an understudied topic due to the long symptomless latent period before the emergence of fruiting bodies. In this study, we attempted to understand the relationship between in planta growth of Z. tritici relative to the primary components of aggressiveness, i.e., latent period and pycnidia coverage in regard to contrasting host resistance. We tested isolates collected from Ireland against the susceptible cultivar Gallant and cultivar Stigg, which has strong partial resistance. A clear isolate-host interaction effect (F = 3.018; P = 0.005, and F = 6.008; P < 0.001) for latent period and pycnidia coverage, respectively, was identified. Furthermore, during the early infection phase of latency from 5 to 11 days postinoculation (dpi), in planta growth rate of fungal biomass was significantly (F = 30.06; P < 0.001) more affected by host resistance than isolate specificity (F = 1.27; P = 0.27), indicating the importance of host resistance in the early infection phase. In planta Z. tritici growth rates in cultivar Gallant spiked between 11 and 16 dpi followed by a continuous fall onward, whereas in cultivar Stigg it was slowly progressive in nature. From correlation and regression analysis, we found that the in planta growth rate preceding the average latent period of cultivar Gallant has more influence on latency duration and pycnidia production. Likewise, correlation between component of aggressiveness and in planta growth rate of pathogen supports our understanding of aggressiveness to be driven by the pathogen's multiplication capacity within host tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atikur Rahman
- Crop Science Department, Teagasc, Oakpark, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College of Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Fiona Doohan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UCD Earth Institute and UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College of Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Ewen Mullins
- Crop Science Department, Teagasc, Oakpark, Carlow, R93 XE12, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|