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Zilli Vieira CL, Koutrakis P, Liu M, Gottlieb DJ, Garshick E. Intense solar activity reduces urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in patients with COPD. Respir Res 2023; 24:91. [PMID: 36959654 PMCID: PMC10037776 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the link between solar activity and variations in melatonin. In this study, we investigated if melatonin's major urinary metabolite, urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), is lowest under periods of intense solar activity. METHODS We investigated associations between high-energy solar particle events [Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) mass, speed and energy] on creatinine-adjusted aMT6s (aMT6sr) concentrations in 140 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using up to four seasonal urine samples (n = 440). Mixed effect models with a random intercept for each subject were used to estimate associations, including effect modification attributable to diabetes, obesity, and reduced pulmonary function. RESULTS Higher values of CME were associated with reduced aMT6sr concentrations, with stronger associations in patients with diabetes. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in natural log CMEspeed averaged through two days before urine collection was associated with a reduction of 9.3% aMT6sr (95%CI: - 17.1%, - 0.8%) in aMT6sr. There was a greater reduction in aMT6sr in patients with diabetes (- 24.5%; 95%CI: - 35.9%, - 11.6%). In patients without diabetes there was no meaningful association (- 2.2%; 95%CI: - 12%, 8.4%). There were similar associations with CMEenergy and CMEmass. There was no effect modification attributable to reduced pulmonary function or obesity. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in patients with COPD to demonstrate strong detrimental impact of high-energy solar particle events on aMT6sr, with greater associations in patients with diabetes. Since melatonin is an anti-oxidant, it is possible that adverse effects of intense solar activity may be attributable to a reduction in circulating melatonin and that patients with both COPD and diabetes may be more susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L. Zilli Vieira
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center Room 420, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center Room 420, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Man Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center Room 420, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Daniel J. Gottlieb
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
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Díaz-Del Cerro E, Félix J, Tresguerres JAF, De la Fuente M. Improvement of several stress response and sleep quality hormones in men and women after sleeping in a bed that protects against electromagnetic fields. Environ Health 2022; 21:72. [PMID: 35864547 PMCID: PMC9306162 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The electromagnetic fields (EMFs) emitted by the technologies affect the homeostatic systems (nervous, endocrine, and immune systems) and consequently the health. In a previous work, we observed that men and women, after 2 months of using a bed with a registered HOGO system, that prevents and drain EMFs, improved their immunity, redox and inflammatory states and rejuvenated their rate of aging or biological age. Since, EMFs can act as a chronic stressor stimulus, and affect the sleep quality. The objective of this work was to study in men and women (23-73 years old) the effect of sleeping for 2 months on that bed in the blood concentrations of several hormones related to stress response and sleep quality as well as to corroborate the rejuvenation of their biological age. METHODS In 18 men and women, plasma concentration of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine), serotonin, oxytocin and melatonin were analyzed before and after 2 months of using the HOGO beds. A group of 10 people was used as placebo control. In another cohort of 25 men (20 experimental and 5 placebo), the effects of rest on the HOGO system on the concentration of cortisol and testosterone in plasma were studied. In all these volunteers, the biological age was analyzed using the Immunity Clock model. RESULTS There is a significant increase in plasma concentration of DHEA, norepinephrine, serotonin, oxytocin, and melatonin as well as in testosterone, after resting for 2 months in that bed with the EMFs avoiding system. In addition, decreases in Cortisol/DHEA and Testosterone/cortisol ratio and plasma dopamine concentration were observed. No differences were found in placebo groups. In all participants that slept on HOGO beds, the biological age was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Sleeping in a bed that isolates from EMFs and drain them can be a possible strategy to improve the secretion of hormones related to a better response to stress and sleep quality, which means a better endocrine system, and consequently better homeostasis and maintenance of health. This fact was confirmed with the slowdown in the rate of aging checked with a rejuvenation of the biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology). Faculty de Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12. 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of 12 de Octubre Hospital of Madrid (I+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Félix
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology). Faculty de Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12. 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - JAF Tresguerres
- Department of Physiology. Medicine Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M De la Fuente
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology (Unity of Animal Physiology). Faculty de Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, José Antonio Novais, 12. 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute of 12 de Octubre Hospital of Madrid (I+12), Madrid, Spain
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Ritonja JA, Aronson KJ, Leung M, Flaten L, Topouza DG, Duan QL, Durocher F, Tranmer JE, Bhatti P. Investigating the relationship between melatonin patterns and methylation in circadian genes among day shift and night shift workers. Occup Environ Med 2022; 79:oemed-2021-108111. [PMID: 35501127 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechanisms underlying the carcinogenicity of night shift work remain uncertain. One compelling yet understudied cancer mechanism may involve altered DNA methylation in circadian genes due to melatonin secretion patterns. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between melatonin secretion patterns and circadian gene methylation among day and night shift workers. METHODS Female healthcare employees (n=38 day workers, n=36 night shift workers) for whom we had urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin secretion data from a previous study were recontacted. New blood samples were collected and used to measure methylation levels at 1150 CpG loci across 22 circadian genes using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC beadchip. Linear regression was used to examine the association between melatonin (acrophase and mesor) and M values for each CpG site (false discovery rate, q=0.2), while testing for effect modification by shift work status. RESULTS Among night shift workers, a higher mesor (24 hours of mean production of melatonin) was associated with increased methylation in the body of RORA (q=0.02) and decreased methylation in the putative promoter region of MTNR1A (q=0.03). Later acrophase (ie, time of peak concentration) was associated with increased methylation in the putative promoter region of MTNR1A (q=0.20) and decreased methylation in the body of PER3 (q=0.20). No associations were identified among day workers. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, patterns in melatonin secretion were associated with differential circadian gene methylation among night shift workers. Melatonin and alteration of DNA methylation in circadian genes may be one pathway towards increased cancer risk, although larger-scale studies examining multiple time points are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ritonja
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Leung
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Flaten
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danai G Topouza
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qing Ling Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joan E Tranmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Protective role of melatonin in breast cancer: what we can learn from women with blindness. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 33:1-13. [PMID: 34837156 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review proposes an overall vision of the protective and therapeutic role of melatonin in breast cancer: from the specific cases of blind women and their reduction of breast cancer incidence to all clinical uses of the sleep hormone in breast cancer. METHODS We reviewed studies focused on (1) the correlation between blindness and breast cancer, (2) the correlation between melatonin and breast cancer occurrence in the general population, (3) melatonin therapeutic use in breast cancer, and (4) we discussed the properties of melatonin that could explain an anticancer effect. RESULTS (1) Seven studies of breast cancer risk in blind women related significant incidence decreases, up to 57%, among totally blind women. The limited number of studies and the absence of adjustment for confounding factors in most studies limit conclusions. None of these studies established melatonin profiles to determine whether blind women with a decreased breast cancer incidence produced higher levels of melatonin. (2) In the general population, 5 meta-analyses and 12 prospective-cohort studies focused on melatonin levels at recruitment and breast cancer occurrence. All reported the absence of correlation in premenopausal women, whereas in postmenopausal women, most studies showed significantly decreased risk for women with highest melatonin levels. (3) The therapeutic interest of melatonin associated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonotherapy is poorly documented in breast cancer to conclude on a positive effect. (4) Melatonin effects on mammary carcinogenesis were only reported in in vitro and animal studies that demonstrated antiestrogenic, antioxidant, oncostatic, and immunomodulatory properties. CONCLUSION The preventive role of high endogenous melatonin on breast cancer as well as its beneficial therapeutic use remains to be proven.
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Neumaier F, Weiss M, Veldeman M, Kotliar K, Wiesmann M, Schulze-Steinen H, Höllig A, Clusmann H, Schubert GA, Albanna W. Changes in endogenous daytime melatonin levels after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage - Preliminary findings from an observational cohort study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 208:106870. [PMID: 34418701 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with early and delayed brain injury due to several underlying and interrelated processes, which include inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial, and neuronal apoptosis. Treatment with melatonin, a cytoprotective neurohormone with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, has been shown to attenuate early brain injury (EBI) and to prevent delayed cerebral vasospasm in experimental aSAH models. Less is known about the role of endogenous melatonin for aSAH outcome and how its production is altered by the pathophysiological cascades initiated during EBI. In the present observational study, we analyzed changes in melatonin levels during the first three weeks after aSAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Daytime (from 11:00 am to 05:00 pm) melatonin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum samples obtained from 30 patients on the day of aSAH onset (d0) and in five pre-defined time intervals during the early (d1-4), critical (d5-8, d9-12, d13-15) and late (d16-21) phase. Perioperative daytime melatonin levels determined in 30 patients who underwent elective open aortic surgery served as a control for the acute effects of surgical treatment on melatonin homeostasis. RESULTS There was no difference between serum melatonin levels measured in the control patients and on the day of aSAH onset (p = 0.664). However, aSAH was associated with a sustained up-regulation that started during the critical phase (d9-12) and progressed to the late phase (d16-21), during which almost 80% of the patients reached daytime melatonin levels above 5 pg/ml. In addition, subgroup analyses revealed higher melatonin levels on d5-8 in patients with a poor clinical status on admission (p = 0.031), patients with anterior communicating artery aneurysms (p = 0.040) and patients without an external ventricular drain (p = 0.018), possibly pointing to a role of hypothalamic dysfunction. CONCLUSION Our observations in a small cohort of patients provide first evidence for a delayed up-regulation of circulatory daytime melatonin levels after aSAH and a role of aneurysm location for higher levels during the critical phase. These findings are discussed in terms of previous results about stress-induced melatonin production and the role of hypothalamic and brainstem involvement for melatonin levels after aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Neumaier
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Jülich, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Germany
| | - Miriam Weiss
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Veldeman
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Kotliar
- Department of Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henna Schulze-Steinen
- Department of Intensive Care and Intermediate Care, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Clusmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Walid Albanna
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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Maleki M, Khelghati N, Alemi F, Younesi S, Asemi Z, Abolhasan R, Bazdar M, Samadi-Kafil H, Yousefi B. Multiple interactions between melatonin and non-coding RNAs in cancer biology. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:323-340. [PMID: 33905613 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The melatonin hormone secreted by the pineal gland is involved in physiological functions such as growth and maturation, circadian cycles, and biological activities including antioxidants, anti-tumor, and anti-ischemia. Melatonin not only interacts with proteins but also has functional effects on regulatory RNAs such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we overview various physiological and pathological conditions affecting melatonin through lncRNA and miRNA. The information compiled herein will serve as a solid foundation to formulate ideas for future mechanistic studies on melatonin. It will also provide a chance to more clarify the emerging functions of the non-coding transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masomeh Maleki
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Khelghati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rozita Abolhasan
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (SCARM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahtab Bazdar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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7
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Salarić I, Karmelić I, Lovrić J, Baždarić K, Rožman M, Čvrljević I, Zajc I, Brajdić D, Macan D. Salivary melatonin in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13201. [PMID: 34168230 PMCID: PMC8225878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin’s role in circadian rhythm is well documented, as are its’ anti-oxidant, oncostatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Poor sleep quality has been associated as a potential risk factor for several malignancies, including head and neck cancers. The purpose of this study is to determine salivary melatonin (MLT) levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, compare the salivary MLT levels with those in healthy individuals and compare the salivary and serum levels in OSCC patients. Furthermore, the aim is to investigate the potential relationship between sleep quality and salivary MLT levels in OSCC patients. Unstimulated (UWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva was sampled from patients with T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 OSCC (N = 34) and 33 sex and age matched healthy subjects. Serum samples were taken from 11 OSCC patients. Sleep quality was measured using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Melatonin levels in UWS and SWS were significantly higher in the OSCC group. Sleep quality was significantly lower in patients with OSCC (P = 0.0001). ROC analysis was found to be significant (P < 0.001) in evaluating MLT concentration limit in diagnosing OSCC. The expected relationship between sleep quality and salivary MLT levels in OSCC patients was not observed. Our results suggest salivary MLT as a potential biomarker that might facilitate non-invasive detection of early stage OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Salarić
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Karmelić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Lovrić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Baždarić
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Rožman
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Čvrljević
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Zajc
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Brajdić
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Macan
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Av. Gojka Šuška 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Lin CH, Lane HY. In Reply: Trough Melatonin Levels Have No Physiological or Clinical Relevance. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 19:393. [PMID: 33888669 PMCID: PMC8077064 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.2.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092506. [PMID: 33923028 PMCID: PMC8123278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleotropic molecule with numerous biological activities. Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that melatonin could inhibit different types of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Results showed the involvement of melatonin in different anticancer mechanisms including apoptosis induction, cell proliferation inhibition, reduction in tumor growth and metastases, reduction in the side effects associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, decreasing drug resistance in cancer therapy, and augmentation of the therapeutic effects of conventional anticancer therapies. Clinical trials revealed that melatonin is an effective adjuvant drug to all conventional therapies. This review summarized melatonin biosynthesis, availability from natural sources, metabolism, bioavailability, anticancer mechanisms of melatonin, its use in clinical trials, and pharmaceutical formulation. Studies discussed in this review will provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to design and develop new therapies to treat and prevent cancer using melatonin.
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Gurunathan S, Qasim M, Kang MH, Kim JH. Role and Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in Various Type of Cancers. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2019-2052. [PMID: 33776451 PMCID: PMC7987311 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s298512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a large group of diseases and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers are the most common types of cancer in men, whereas breast, colorectal, lung, cervical, and thyroid cancers are the most common among women. Presently, various treatment strategies, including surgical resection combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, nanotherapy, and immunotherapy, have been used as conventional treatments for patients with cancer. However, the clinical outcomes of advanced-stage disease remain relatively unfavorable owing to the emergence of chemoresistance, toxicity, and other undesired detrimental side effects. Therefore, new therapies to overcome these limitations are indispensable. Recently, there has been considerable evidence from experimental and clinical studies suggesting that melatonin can be used to prevent and treat cancer. Studies have confirmed that melatonin mitigates the pathogenesis of cancer by directly affecting carcinogenesis and indirectly disrupting the circadian cycle. Melatonin (MLT) is nontoxic and exhibits a range of beneficial effects against cancer via apoptotic, antiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and metastasis-inhibitory pathways. The combination of melatonin with conventional drugs improves the drug sensitivity of cancers, including solid and liquid tumors. In this manuscript, we will comprehensively review some of the cellular, animal, and human studies from the literature that provide evidence that melatonin has oncostatic and anticancer properties. Further, this comprehensive review compiles the available experimental and clinical data analyzing the history, epidemiology, risk factors, therapeutic effect, clinical significance, of melatonin alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents or radiotherapy, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms of its anticancer effect against lung, breast, prostate, colorectal, skin, liver, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Nonetheless, in the interest of readership clarity and ease of reading, we have discussed the overall mechanism of the anticancer activity of melatonin against different types of cancer. We have ended this report with general conclusions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Center of Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Min-Hee Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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Ajepe A, Okusanya B, Abodunrin O, Osanyin G. Serum melatonin levels in women with infertility: A case–control study in a Nigerian university hospital. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jcls.jcls_67_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Quality of life for older patients with cancer: a review of the evidence supporting melatonin use. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:2459-2468. [PMID: 32236899 PMCID: PMC7680320 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The proportion of older populations living with cancer is on the increase. Maintaining or improving their quality of life (QoL) has become an important goal in the treatment of cancer and has become an endpoint in clinical trials. Melatonin regulates a wide variety of physiological functions and is involved in the initiation of sleep and the improvement of QoL. With age, the secretion of melatonin decreases and could lead to a deterioration in QoL. Methods Literature searches were conducted using the PubMed database. The search terms and derivatives of “metastatic cancer”, “older patients”, “quality of life” and “melatonin” were used. Titles and abstracts were screened to identify whether studies were relevant for full-text screening. Results There is major concern about the symptoms older cancer patients encounter during treatment because they can impact their QoL. Melatonin supplementation presents several benefits for older patients: improvement in survival, decrease in symptoms induced by cancer and cancer treatment, and also improvements in quality of life. Conclusion It therefore seems appropriate to study the impact of melatonin supplementation during cytotoxic therapy on QoL among elderly patients with metastatic cancer. The use of melatonin as a therapeutic strategy seems particularly suitable for elderly patients, a population known to secrete significantly less melatonin. However, to date, no studies have been conducted in this population.
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Reiter RJ, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Marik PE, Dominguez-Rodriguez A. Therapeutic Algorithm for Use of Melatonin in Patients With COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:226. [PMID: 32574327 PMCID: PMC7242729 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus, COVID-19, has infected hundreds of thousands and killed tens of thousands of individuals worldwide. This highly infectious condition continues to ravage the world population and has yet to reach it peak infective rate in some countries. Many conventional drugs including hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, lopinavir, remdesivir, etc., have been repurposed as treatments for this often deadly disease, but there is no specifically-designed effective drug available; also, the drugs mentioned have significant side effects and their efficacy is unknown. New drugs and vaccines are being designed as COVID-19 treatment, but their development and testing will require months to years. Time is not a luxury that this crisis has. Thus, there is a serious unmet need for the identification of currently-available and safe molecules which can be used to slow or treat COVID-19 disease. Here, we suggest melatonin be given consideration for prophylactic use or treatment alone or in combination with other drugs. Melatonin's multiple actions as an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-viral (against other viruses) make it a reasonable choice for use. Melatonin is readily available, can be easily synthesized in large quantities, is inexpensive, has a very high safety profile and can be easily self-administered. Melatonin is endogenously-produced molecule in small amounts with its production diminishing with increased age. Under the current critical conditions, large doses of melatonin alone or in combination with currently-recommended drugs, e.g., hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, to resist COVID-19 infection would seem judicious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Pedro Abreu-Gonzalez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Paul E Marik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,CIBER de enfermedades CardioVasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Nanzadsuren T, Myatav T, Dorjkhuu A, Byamba K. Association between serum melatonin and skin aging in an urban population of Mongolia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:1501-1507. [PMID: 31566872 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin has been implicated in skin functions such as hair growth cycling and skin pigmentation. Furthermore, melatonin receptors are expressed in several skin cells. AIMS To study the association between serum melatonin levels and skin aging grades among people aged 20-69 years in Ulaanbaatar city. PATIENTS/METHODS We performed an analytical cross-sectional study that used parametric testing through analyses to test the relationship between melatonin levels and skin aging grades. A total of 946 people were assessed for skin aging using a moisture checker, sebum tape, and a digital camera. Blood samples were collected between 8:00 am and 10:00 am, and melatonin was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyzer. RESULTS There was a statistically significant association between age and skin aging grade (P < .001). A multiple factor analysis revealed that lower levels of melatonin in the serum increased with skin aging grade 4 (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4-8.0), (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.5-9.5), grade 5 (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 0.8-15.7), and grade 6. There were weak associations between melatonin levels and potential covariates (skin pigmentation and skin hydration) taken from the correlation matrix. There was a weak positive correlation between skin pigmentation and age (r = .28), a weak negative correlation between skin pigmentation and sleep status (r = -.20), and a weak negative correlation between skin hydration and age (r = -.27). CONCLUSIONS Serum melatonin decreases with age, indicating that its loss may stimulate the process of earlier skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuya Nanzadsuren
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Dermatology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tuul Myatav
- Department of Anthropology, "Avicenna" Center of Sciences and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Amgalanbaatar Dorjkhuu
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Dermatology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Khandsuren Byamba
- Department of Anatomy and Department of Dermatology, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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15
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Kim LB, Putyatina AN, Russkikh GS, Tsypysheva OB. Melatonin and the Aging Process in Men in the European Part of the Arctic Zone of Russia. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057019010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Zare H, Shafabakhsh R, Reiter RJ, Asemi Z. Melatonin is a potential inhibitor of ovarian cancer: molecular aspects. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:26. [PMID: 30914056 PMCID: PMC6434863 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of morbidity related to gynecologic malignancies. Possible risk factors are including hereditary ovarian cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, aging, and smoking. Various molecular signaling pathways including inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and angiogenesis are involved in this progression of ovarian cancer. Standard treatments for recently diagnosed patients are Surgery and chemotherapy such as co-treatment with other drugs such that the exploitation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is expanding. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine), an endogenous agent secreted from the pineal gland, has anti-carcinogenic features, such as regulation of estradiol production, cell cycle modulation, stimulation of apoptosis as well as anti-angiogenetic properties, anti-inflammatory activities, significant antioxidant effects and modulation of various immune system cells and cytokines. Multiple studies have shown the significant beneficial roles of melatonin in various types of cancers including ovarian cancer. This paper aims to shed light on the roles of melatonin in ovarian cancer treatment from the standpoint of the molecular aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Zare
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science, Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
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17
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Awakening effects of blue-enriched morning light exposure on university students' physiological and subjective responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:345. [PMID: 30674951 PMCID: PMC6344573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated physiological and subjective responses to morning light exposure of commercially available LED lighting with different correlated colour temperatures to predict how LED-based smart lighting employed in future learning environments will impact students. The classical markers of the circadian system (melatonin and cortisol), as well as the subjective perception of sleepiness, mood, and visual comfort, were compared. Fifteen university students underwent an hour of morning light exposure to both warm (3,500 K) and blue-enriched (6,500 K) white lights at recommended illuminance levels for classrooms and lecture halls (500 lux). The decline of melatonin levels was significantly greater after the exposure to blue-enriched white light. Exposure to blue-enriched white light significantly improved subjective perception of alertness, mood, and visual comfort. With regard to cortisol, we did not find a significant difference in the cortisol decrement between the two light conditions. Our findings suggest that the sensitivity of physiological and subjective responses to white LED light is blue-shifted. These findings, extending the already known effects of short-wavelength light on human physiology, reveal interesting practical implications. Blue-enriched LED light seems to be a simple yet effective potential countermeasure for morning drowsiness and dozing off in class, particularly in schools with insufficient daylight.
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Maruani A, Dumas G, Beggiato A, Traut N, Peyre H, Cohen-Freoua A, Amsellem F, Elmaleh M, Germanaud D, Launay JM, Bourgeron T, Toro R, Delorme R. Morning Plasma Melatonin Differences in Autism: Beyond the Impact of Pineal Gland Volume. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 30787884 PMCID: PMC6372551 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While low plasma melatonin, a neuro-hormone synthesized in the pineal gland, has been frequently associated with autism, our understanding of the mechanisms behind it have remained unclear. In this exploratory study, we hypothesized that low melatonin levels in ASD could be linked to a decrease of the pineal gland volume (PGV). PGV estimates with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a voxel-based volumetric measurement method and early morning plasma melatonin levels were evaluated for 215 participants, including 78 individuals with ASD, 90 unaffected relatives, and 47 controls. We first found that both early morning melatonin level and PGV were lower in patients compared to controls. We secondly built a linear model and observed that plasma melatonin was correlated to the group of the participant, but also to the PGV. To further understand the relationship between PGV and melatonin, we generated a normative model of the PGV relationship with melatonin level based on control participant data. We found an effect of PGV on normalized melatonin levels in ASD. Melatonin deficit appeared however more related to the group of the subject. Thus, melatonin variations in ASD could be mainly driven by melatonin pathway dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maruani
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anita Beggiato
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Traut
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Peyre
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Cohen-Freoua
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Amsellem
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Monique Elmaleh
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David Germanaud
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Neuropaediatric Team, UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Biochemistry Department, INSERM U942, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris EA 3621, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.,Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Al-Sarraf IAK, Kasabri V, Akour A, Naffa R. Melatonin and cryptochrome 2 in metabolic syndrome patients with or without diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018; 35:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2018-0016/hmbci-2018-0016.xml. [PMID: 29813030 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors which increases the chances for future cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes. The underlying causes of MetS include overweight and obesity, physical inactivity and genetic factors. Our intension here was to focus in this study on the importance of the chronobiology, represented by melatonin (MT) and cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), in developing MetS and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, we aimed to compare MT and CRY2 plasma levels and correlate both biomarkers with adiposity, atherogenicity and hematological indices in MetS and T2DM cohorts. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 28 normoglycemic lean subjects (controls), 29 normoglycemic MetS subjects and 30 MetS (pre-diabetic/diabetic) were recruited. Results MT (pg/mL) was elevated significantly in MetS arm p-value < 0.05, whereas CRY2 levels (ng/mL) were markedly higher in both MetS groups (non-diabetic and pre-diabetic/diabetic) (all with p-value < 0.001). A reciprocal MT-CRY2 relationship was observed in the MetS (non-diabetic) group (p-value = 0.003). Of note in the total study population, both MT and CRY2 proportionally correlated with each of the following: atherogenicity index of plasma (AIP), waist circumference (WC) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (all with p-value < 0.05) for MT and CRY2, respectively). Whereas MT correlated inversely with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p-value < 0.05). Additionally, CRY2 correlated directly with each of the following: diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), hip circumference (HC), body adiposity index (BAI), weight-to-height (WHtR) ratio, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion These findings substantiate that both metabolic risk biomarkers can be prognostic tools and pharmacotherapeutic targets to slowdown the accelerated nature of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Violet Kasabri
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan, Phone: +96265355000, Fax: +9625300520
| | - Amal Akour
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Randa Naffa
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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20
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Leja-Szpak A, Nawrot-Porąbka K, Góralska M, Jastrzębska M, Link-Lenczowski P, Bonior J, Pierzchalski P, Jaworek J. Melatonin and its metabolite N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (afmk) enhance chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic carcinoma cells (PANC-1). Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:1079-1088. [PMID: 30308458 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gemcitabine is a standard chemotherapeutic agent for patients suffering from pancreatic cancer. However, the applied therapy is not effective due to the resistance of tumor cells to cytostatics, caused by inefficiency of the apoptotic mechanisms. Herein, we present the hypothesis that melatonin and its metabolite N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK) modify the effect of gemcitabine on PANC-1 cells and that this phenomenon is dependent on the modulation of apoptosis. METHODS PANC-1 cells have been incubated with melatonin, AFMK or gemcitabine alone or in combination to determine the cytotoxity and proliferative effects. In subsequent part of the study, cells were harvested, the proteins were isolated and analyzed employing immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting. RESULTS Incubation of PANC-1 cells with gemcitabine resulted in upregulation of pro-apoptotic bax and caspases proteins expression, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, heat shock proteins (HSPs) and modulation of cellular inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs). Both melatonin and AFMK administered to PANC-1 in combination with gemcitabine inhibited the production of HSP70 and cIAP-2 as compared to the results obtained with gemcitabine alone. These changes were accompanied by upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and reduction of procaspases-9 and -3 abundance, followed by an increase in the formation of active caspase of PANC-1 cells with combination of gemcitabine plus low doses of melatonin or AFMK led to enhanced cytotoxicity and resulted in the inhibition of PANC-1 cells growth as compared to effects of gemcitabine alone. CONCLUSION Melatonin and AFMK could improve the anti-tumor effect of gemcitabine in PANC-1 cells presumably through the modulation of apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leja-Szpak
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Nawrot-Porąbka
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Góralska
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martyna Jastrzębska
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Link-Lenczowski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jaworek
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Kraków, Poland
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21
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Chu LW, John EM, Yang B, Kurian AW, Zia Y, Yu K, Ingles SA, Stanczyk FZ, Hsing AW. Measuring serum melatonin in postmenopausal women: Implications for epidemiologic studies and breast cancer studies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195666. [PMID: 29641614 PMCID: PMC5895067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating melatonin is a good candidate biomarker for studies of circadian rhythms and circadian disruption. However, epidemiologic studies on circulating melatonin are limited because melatonin is secreted at night, yet most epidemiologic studies collect blood during the day when melatonin levels are very low, and assays are lacking that are ultrasensitive to detect low levels of melatonin reliably. OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of a refined radioimmunoassay in measuring morning melatonin among women. METHODS We used morning serum samples from 47 postmenopausal women ages 48-80 years without a history of breast cancer who participated in the San Francisco Bay Area Breast Cancer Study, including 19 women who had duplicate measurements. The coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass coefficient (ICC) were estimated using the random effect model. RESULTS Reproducibility for the assay was satisfactory, with a CV of 11.2% and an ICC of 98.9%; correlation between the replicate samples was also high (R = 0.96). In the 47 women, serum melatonin levels ranged from 0.6 to 62.6 pg/ml, with a median of 7.0 pg/ml. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that it is possible to reliably measure melatonin in postmenopausal women in morning serum samples in large epidemiologic studies to evaluate the role of melatonin in cancer etiology or prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa W. Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Esther M. John
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Baiyu Yang
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Allison W. Kurian
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Yasaman Zia
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, United States of America
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sue A. Ingles
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Frank Z. Stanczyk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Kaplan S. Response to the letter by Mortazavi et al. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:663-664. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1310406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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23
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Onseng K, Johns NP, Khuayjarernpanishk T, Subongkot S, Priprem A, Hurst C, Johns J. Beneficial Effects of Adjuvant Melatonin in Minimizing Oral Mucositis Complications in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Concurrent Chemoradiation. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23:957-963. [PMID: 28657801 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral mucositis is a major cause of pain and delayed cancer treatment leading to poor survival in head and neck cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation. The study evaluated the effect of adjuvant melatonin on minimizing oral mucositis complications to reduce these treatment delays and interruptions. DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, double dummy, placebo-controlled clinical trial. SETTING Ubon Ratchathani Cancer Hospital, Thailand. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-nine head and neck cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation (5 days/week of radiation plus chemotherapy three or six cycles). METHODS Patients were randomized to receive 20 mg melatonin gargle (or matched placebo) before each irradiation, and 20 mg melatonin capsules (or matched placebo) taken nightly during 7 weeks of concurrent chemoradiation. Endpoints were oral mucositis events (incidence and time to grade 3 mucositis or grade 2 xerostomia), pain medication consumption and quality of life (QOL). RESULTS Melatonin group reported lower incidence of grade 3 oral mucositis (42% vs. 55%) and grade 2 xerostomia (20% vs. 21%); no statistical significance was detected. Melatonin regimen delayed onset of grade 3 mucositis (median 34 days vs. 50 days; p = 0.0318), allowing median time of 16 more patient visits before its onset and fewer interrupted treatments due to oral mucositis were reported (n = 1 vs. n = 5). There was no difference of grade 2 xerostomia (median 32 days vs. 50 days; p = 0.624). Morphine consumption was also reduced (median 57 mg vs. 0 mg; p = 0.0342), while QOL was comparable during the study period. CONCLUSION Adjuvant melatonin delayed the onset of oral mucositis, which enables uninterrupted cancer treatment and reduced the amount of morphine used for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipong Onseng
- 1 Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Suphat Subongkot
- 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Aroonsri Priprem
- 3 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Cameron Hurst
- 4 Faculty of Medicine, Biostatistics Center, Chulalongkorn University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey Johns
- 1 Melatonin Research Group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Hanna-Mitchell AT, Robinson D, Cardozo L, Everaert K, Petkov GV. Do we need to know more about the effects of hormones on lower urinary tract dysfunction? ICI-RS 2014. Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 35:299-303. [PMID: 26872571 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review article reflects the presentations and subsequent discussions during a think tank at the 5th International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society's annual meeting, held in Bristol, UK (September 22-24, 2014). It reviews the current state of knowledge on the role of hormones in lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) and overactive bladder (OAB) and in particular: highlights some specific basic research findings from discussion participants; reviews future research topics; and discusses potential new therapeutic opportunities for LUTD and OAB. The role of the large conductance voltage- and Ca(2+) -activated K(+) (BK) channels, as novel therapeutic targets for OAB was discussed, in particular as recent studies on human detrusor smooth muscle suggest that estradiol exerts a direct non-genomic activation of the BK channels. Recent developments on the roles of sex hormones on diuresis, as well as the roles of melatonin and vitamin D on LUTD were also discussed. It was concluded that further basic science and translational studies are needed to better understand hormonal regulatory mechanisms of the lower urinary tract and the implications for novel treatment options for LUTD and OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann T Hanna-Mitchell
- Department of Urology, Urology Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dudley Robinson
- Department of Urogynecology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Cardozo
- Department of Urogynecology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karel Everaert
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Georgi V Petkov
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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25
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Physiological melatonin levels in healthy older people: A systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2016; 86:20-7. [PMID: 27302542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melatonin plays a major role in maintaining circadian rhythm. Previous studies showed that its secretion pattern and levels could be disturbed in persons with dementia, psychiatric disorders, sleep disorders or with cancer. Also ageing is a factor that could alter melatonin levels, although previous research provides contradicting results. As melatonin supplementation is increasingly applied in older persons as sleep medication, it is important to know if melatonin levels decrease in healthy ageing and/or secretion patterns change. The objective of this study is to determine physiological levels and secretion patterns of melatonin in healthy older people. METHODS We performed a systematic review and searched PubMed and Embase for studies published between January 1st 1980 and October 5th 2015 that measured melatonin in healthy persons aged ≥65years. RESULTS Nineteen studies were retrieved. The number of participants ranged from 5 to 60 per study. Melatonin was mostly measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the number of measurements per 24hours varied from 1 to 96. Sixteen studies showed a secretion pattern with a clear peak concentration, mostly at 0200h or 0300h. Maximum concentrations varied greatly from 11.2 to 91.3pgml(-1). Maximum melatonin level in studies with participants mean aged 65-70years was 49.3pgml(-1) and in studies with participants mean aged ≥75years 27.8pgml(-1), p-value <0.001. CONCLUSION Total melatonin production in 24hours seems not to change in healthy ageing, but the maximal nocturnal peak concentration of melatonin might decline. It is important to take this into account when prescribing melatonin supplementation to older people.
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Giannaccini G, Masala I, Palego L, Betti L, Pacciardi B, Palagini L, Luchini F, Belli S, Lucacchini A, Mauri M. Melatonin and pro-hypnotic effectiveness of the antidepressant Trazodone: A preliminary evaluation in insomniac mood-disorder patients. Clin Biochem 2016; 49:1152-1158. [PMID: 27374436 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gino Giannaccini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Boannno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Irene Masala
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lionella Palego
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Betti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Boannno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Bruno Pacciardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Laura Palagini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Luchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simone Belli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Boannno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mauro Mauri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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The reduction in circulating levels of melatonin may be associated with the development of preeclampsia. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 30:666-671. [PMID: 27251079 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Placental dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, which is a pregnancy-specific disorder. It has been suggested that the incidence of preeclampsia has a seasonal variation. Melatonin, as a seasonal factor, has been suggested to be involved in a successful pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the association of circulating levels of melatonin with preeclampsia. Serum was collected from women with preeclampsia (n=113) and gestation-matched healthy pregnant women, and the levels of melatonin were measured. In addition, the expression of melatonin receptors was examined in preeclamptic placentae (n=27). The association of the incidence of preeclampsia and seasonal variation was also analysed from 1491 women with preeclampsia within 77 745 healthy pregnancies. The serum levels of melatonin were significantly reduced in women with preeclampsia at presentation and these reduced serum levels of melatonin were not associated with the severity or time onset of preeclampsia nor with seasonal variation. The expression of melatonin receptor, MT1 was reduced in preeclamptic placentae. The incidence of preeclampsia was did exhibit seasonal variation, but this was largely due to the increase in the incidence of mild or late-onset preeclampsia. Our results demonstrate that reduced melatonin levels are associated with the development of preeclampsia but that the circulating levels of melatonin do not appear to be subject to seasonal variation during pregnancy.
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Zhao M, Wan J, Zeng K, Tong M, Lee AC, Ding J, Chen Q. The Reduction in Circulating Melatonin Level May Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Study. J Cancer 2016; 7:831-6. [PMID: 27162542 PMCID: PMC4860800 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the third most common gynaecological malignancy. Changes in circadian rhythms such as bright light exposure may affect female reproductive physiology. Night shift work is associated with higher risks of developing gynaecological cancers. In addition, the season of birth is also suggested as an important environmental risk factor for developing gynaecological cancers. Melatonin may play an important role in this association as a marker of circadian rhythms. Serum from 96 women with ovarian cancer and 40 healthy women were collected and the level of melatonin was measured. In addition 277 women with ovarian cancer and 1076 controls were retrospectively collected for season of birth analysis over seven years. The serum levels of melatonin were significantly lower in women with ovarian cancer compared with healthy women (p<0.05). However there was no difference in melatonin levels in perimenopausal and postmenopausal patients. In addition, there is no statistically significant difference in seasonal distribution of birth between ovarian cancer patients and the control group. The melatonin levels in ovarian cancer patients and controls were not associated with the season of birth. Our results demonstrate the lower serum levels of melatonin in ovarian cancer patients which may contribute to the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. The incidence of ovarian cancer was not associated with the season of birth. The serum levels of melatonin do not appear to be associated with season of birth in ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- 1. Wuxi Maternity and Children Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Jiayi Wan
- 2. Department of Pathology, Wuxi No 2 People' Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ke Zeng
- 3. Department of Orthopaedics, Wuxi No 2 People' Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Mancy Tong
- 4. Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Arier C Lee
- 5. Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinxin Ding
- 6. The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, China
| | - Qi Chen
- 4. Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;; 6. The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, China
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