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Monyók Á, Mansour B, Vadnay I, Makra N, Dunai ZA, Nemes-Nikodém É, Stercz B, Szabó D, Ostorházi E. Change in Tissue Microbiome and Related Human Beta Defensin Levels Induced by Antibiotic Use in Bladder Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4562. [PMID: 38674148 PMCID: PMC11050017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is now generally accepted that the success of antitumor therapy can be impaired by concurrent antibiotic therapy, the presence of certain bacteria, and elevated defensin levels around the tumor tissue. The aim of our current investigation was to identify the underlying changes in microbiome and defensin levels in the tumor tissue induced by different antibiotics, as well as the duration of this modification. The microbiome of the tumor tissues was significantly different from that of healthy volunteers. Comparing only the tumor samples, no significant difference was confirmed between the untreated group and the group treated with antibiotics more than 3 months earlier. However, antibiotic treatment within 3 months of analysis resulted in a significantly modified microbiome composition. Irrespective of whether Fosfomycin, Fluoroquinolone or Beta-lactam treatment was used, the abundance of Bacteroides decreased, and Staphylococcus abundance increased. Large amounts of the genus Acinetobacter were observed in the Fluoroquinolone-treated group. Regardless of the antibiotic treatment, hBD1 expression of the tumor cells consistently doubled. The increase in hBD2 and hBD3 expression was the highest in the Beta-lactam treated group. Apparently, antibiotic treatment within 3 months of sample analysis induced microbiome changes and defensin expression levels, depending on the identity of the applied antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Monyók
- Department of Urology, Markhot Ferenc University Teaching Hospital, 3300 Eger, Hungary; (Á.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Bassel Mansour
- Department of Urology, Markhot Ferenc University Teaching Hospital, 3300 Eger, Hungary; (Á.M.); (B.M.)
| | - István Vadnay
- Department of Pathology, Markhot Ferenc University Teaching Hospital, 3300 Eger, Hungary; (I.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Nóra Makra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.M.); (Z.A.D.); (É.N.-N.); (B.S.)
| | - Zsuzsanna A. Dunai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.M.); (Z.A.D.); (É.N.-N.); (B.S.)
| | - Éva Nemes-Nikodém
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.M.); (Z.A.D.); (É.N.-N.); (B.S.)
| | - Balázs Stercz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (N.M.); (Z.A.D.); (É.N.-N.); (B.S.)
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Department of Pathology, Markhot Ferenc University Teaching Hospital, 3300 Eger, Hungary; (I.V.); (D.S.)
- Neurosurgery and Neurointervention Clinic, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Department of Pathology, Markhot Ferenc University Teaching Hospital, 3300 Eger, Hungary; (I.V.); (D.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Zhao YX, Cui Y, Li XH, Yang WH, An SX, Cui JX, Zhang MY, Lu JK, Zhang X, Wang XM, Bao LL, Zhao PW. Human β-defensin-1 affects the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and autophagy in colon cancer cells through long non-coding RNA TCONS_00014506. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1465-1478. [PMID: 38660658 PMCID: PMC11037056 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer has a low 5-year survival rate and high mortality. Human β-defensin-1 (hBD-1) may play an integral function in the innate immune system, contributing to the recognition and destruction of cancer cells. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the process of cell differentiation and growth. AIM To investigate the effect of hBD-1 on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and autophagy in human colon cancer SW620 cells. METHODS CCK8 assay was utilized for the detection of cell proliferation and determination of the optimal drug concentration. Colony formation assay was employed to assess the effect of hBD-1 on SW620 cell proliferation. Bioinformatics was used to screen potentially biologically significant lncRNAs related to the mTOR pathway. Additionally, p-mTOR (Ser2448), Beclin1, and LC3II/I expression levels in SW620 cells were assessed through Western blot analysis. RESULTS hBD-1 inhibited the proliferative ability of SW620 cells, as evidenced by the reduction in the colony formation capacity of SW620 cells upon exposure to hBD-1. hBD-1 decreased the expression of p-mTOR (Ser2448) protein and increased the expression of Beclin1 and LC3II/I protein. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis identified seven lncRNAs (2 upregulated and 5 downregulated) related to the mTOR pathway. The lncRNA TCONS_00014506 was ultimately selected. Following the inhibition of the lncRNA TCONS_00014506, exposure to hBD-1 inhibited p-mTOR (Ser2448) and promoted Beclin1 and LC3II/I protein expression. CONCLUSION hBD-1 inhibits the mTOR pathway and promotes autophagy by upregulating the expression of the lncRNA TCONS_00014506 in SW620 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Inner Mongolia Chest Hospital, The Fourth Hospital, Hohhot 010035, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Humanities and Education, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin-Hong Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wen-Hong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shi-Xiang An
- School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jia-Xian Cui
- School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Min-Yu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jing-Kun Lu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Li-Li Bao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Peng-Wei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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Lou K, Chi J, Wu J, Ma J, Liu S, Cui Y. Research progress on the microbiota in bladder cancer tumors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1374944. [PMID: 38650736 PMCID: PMC11033431 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1374944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbiota, also referred to as the microbial community, is a crucial component of the human microenvironment. It is located predominantly in various organs, including the intestines, skin, oral cavity, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract. The microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the human body, influencing physiological and pathological functions to a significant degree. There is increasing evidence linking the microbial flora to human cancers. In contrast to the traditional belief that the urethra and urine of normal individuals are sterile, recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology and bacterial cultivation methods have led to the discovery of specific microbial communities in the urethras of healthy individuals. Given the prevalence of bladder cancer (BCa) as a common malignancy of the urinary system, researchers have shifted their focus to exploring the connection between disease development and the unique microbial community within tumors. This shift has led to a deeper investigation into the role of microbiota in the onset, progression, metastasis, prognosis, and potential for early detection of BCa. This article reviews the existing research on the microbiota within BCa tumors and summarizes the findings regarding the roles of different microbes in various aspects of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Lou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Junpeng Chi
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuanshan Cui
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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4
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Winter J, Jepsen S. Role of innate host defense proteins in oral cancerogenesis. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38265172 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
It is nowadays well accepted that chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression. Under this aspect, the oral cavity is predestined to examine this connection because periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory disease and oral squamous cell carcinomas are the most common oral malignant lesions. In this review, we describe how particular molecules of the human innate host defense system may participate as molecular links between these two important chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Specific focus is directed toward antimicrobial polypeptides, such as the cathelicidin LL-37 and human defensins, as well as S100 proteins and alarmins. We report in which way these peptides and proteins are able to initiate and support oral tumorigenesis, showing direct mechanisms by binding to growth-stimulating cell surface receptors and/or indirect effects, for example, inducing tumor-promoting genes. Finally, bacterial challenges with impact on oral cancerogenesis are briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Winter
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Søren Jepsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Liu Q, Wang L, He D, Wu Y, Liu X, Yang Y, Chen Z, Dong Z, Luo Y, Song Y. Application Value of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16718. [PMID: 38069041 PMCID: PMC10706433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a common clinical malignant tumor disease that seriously endangers human health and lacks effective treatment methods. As part of the innate immune defense of many organisms, antimicrobial peptides not only have broad-spectrum antibacterial activity but also can specifically kill tumor cells. The positive charge of antimicrobial peptides under neutral conditions determines their high selectivity to tumor cells. In addition, antimicrobial peptides also have unique anticancer mechanisms, such as inducing apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, membrane destruction, and inhibition of metastasis, which highlights the low drug resistance and high specificity of antimicrobial peptides. In this review, we summarize the related studies on antimicrobial peptides in the treatment of digestive tract tumors, mainly oral cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. This paper describes the therapeutic advantages of antimicrobial peptides due to their unique anticancer mechanisms. The length, net charge, and secondary structure of antimicrobial peptides can be modified by design or modification to further enhance their anticancer effects. In summary, as an emerging cancer treatment drug, antimicrobial peptides need to be further studied to realize their application in gastrointestinal cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dongxia He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuewei Wu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xian Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yahan Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhizhi Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhan Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Medical College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Role of Defensins in Tumor Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065268. [PMID: 36982340 PMCID: PMC10049535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Defensins have long been considered as merely antimicrobial peptides. Throughout the years, more immune-related functions have been discovered for both the α-defensin and β-defensin subfamily. This review provides insights into the role of defensins in tumor immunity. Since defensins are present and differentially expressed in certain cancer types, researchers started to unravel their role in the tumor microenvironment. The human neutrophil peptides have been demonstrated to be directly oncolytic by permealizing the cell membrane. Further, defensins can inflict DNA damage and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. In the tumor microenvironment, defensins can act as chemoattractants for subsets of immune cells, such as T cells, immature dendritic cells, monocytes and mast cells. Additionally, by activating the targeted leukocytes, defensins generate pro-inflammatory signals. Moreover, immuno-adjuvant effects have been reported in a variety of models. Therefore, the action of defensins reaches beyond their direct antimicrobial effect, i.e., the lysis of microbes invading the mucosal surfaces. By causing an increase in pro-inflammatory signaling events, cell lysis (generating antigens) and attraction and activation of antigen presenting cells, defensins could have a relevant role in activating the adaptive immune system and generating anti-tumor immunity, and could thus contribute to the success of immune therapy.
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Kompuinen J, Keskin M, Yilmaz D, Gürsoy M, Gürsoy UK. Human β-Defensins in Diagnosis of Head and Neck Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060830. [PMID: 36980171 PMCID: PMC10047923 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are malignant growths with high death rates, which makes the early diagnosis of the affected patients of utmost importance. Over 90% of oral cavity cancers come from squamous cells, and the tongue, oral cavity, and salivary glands are the most common locations for oral squamous cell carcinoma lesions. Human β-defensins (hBDs), which are mainly produced by epithelial cells, are cationic peptides with a wide antimicrobial spectrum. In addition to their role in antimicrobial defense, these peptides also take part in the regulation of the immune response. Recent studies produced evidence that these small antimicrobial peptides are related to the gene and protein expression profiles of tumors. While the suppression of hBDs is a common finding in head and neck cancer studies, opposite findings were also presented. In the present narrative review, the aim will be to discuss the changes in the hBD expression profile during the onset and progression of head and neck cancers. The final aim will be to discuss the use of hBDs as diagnostic markers of head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Kompuinen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mutlu Keskin
- Oral and Dental Health Department, Altınbaş University, İstanbul 34147, Turkey
| | - Dogukan Yilmaz
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, 20101 Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhang J. 8-Gene signature related to CD8+ T cell infiltration by integrating single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:938611. [PMID: 35938006 PMCID: PMC9355512 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.938611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: CD8+ T cells, a critical component of the tumor immune microenvironment, have become a key target of cancer immunotherapy. Considering the deficiency of robust biomarkers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), this study aimed at establishing a molecular signature associated with CD8+T cells infiltration. Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing data retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was analyzed to obtain the different cell types. Next, the cell proportions were investigated through deconvolution of RNA sequencing in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and then the immune-related genes (IRGs) were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). LASSO-Cox analysis was employed to establish a gene signature, followed by validation using a GEO dataset. Finally, the molecular and immunological properties, and drug responses between two subgroups were explored by applying “CIBERSORT”, “ESTIMATE”, and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) methods. Results: A total of 215 differentially expressed IRGs were identified, of which 45 were associated with the overall survival of HNSCC. A risk model was then established based on eight genes, including DEFB1, AICDA, TYK2, CCR7, SCARB1, ULBP2, STC2, and LGR5. The low-risk group presented higher infiltration of memory activated CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and plasma cells, as well as a higher immune score, suggesting that they could benefit more from immunotherapy. On the other hand, the high-risk group showed higher abundance of activated mast cells and M2 macrophages, as well as a lower immune score. Conclusion: It was evident that the 8-gene signature could accurately predict HNSCC prognosis and thus it may serve as an index for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujing Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Zhang,
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Bladder Tissue Microbiome Composition in Patients of Bladder Cancer or Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Related Human Beta Defensin Levels. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071758. [PMID: 35885062 PMCID: PMC9313236 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Balance between the microbiome associated with bladder mucosa and human beta defensin (HBD) levels in urine is a dynamic, sensitive and host-specific relationship. HBD1—possessing both antitumor and antibacterial activity—is produced constitutively, while the inducible production of antibacterial HBD2 and HBD3 is affected by bacteria. Elevated levels of HBD2 were shown to cause treatment failure in anticancer immunotherapy. Our aim was to assess the relationship between microbiome composition characteristic of tumor tissue, defensin expression and HBD levels measured in urine. Tissue samples for analyses were removed during transurethral resection from 55 bladder carcinoma and 12 prostatic hyperplasia patients. Microbiome analyses were carried out with 16S rRNS sequencing. Levels of HBD mRNA expression were measured with qPCR from the same samples, and urinary amounts of HBD1, 2 and 3 were detected with ELISA in these patients, in addition to 34 healthy volunteers. Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon rank sum test (alpha diversity) and PERMANOVA analysis (beta diversity) were performed. Defensin-levels expressed in the tumor did not clearly determine the amount of defensin measurable in the urine. The antibacterial and antitumor defensin (HBD1) showed decreased levels in cancer patients, while others (HBD2 and 3) were considerably increased. Abundance of Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Oxyphotobacteria genera was significantly higher, the abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides genera were significantly lower in tumor samples compared to non-tumor samples. Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Faecalibacterium abundance gradually decreased with the combined increase in HBD2 and HBD3. Higher Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus abundances were measured together with higher HBD2 and HBD3 urinary levels. Among other factors, defensins and microorganisms also affect the development, progression and treatment options for bladder cancer. To enhance the success of immunotherapies and to develop adjuvant antitumor therapies, it is important to gain insight into the interactions between defensins and the tumor-associated microbiome.
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Yu Y, Tian J, Hou Y, Zhang X, Li L, Cong P, Ji L, Wang X. A signature of immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) for risk stratification and prognosis of oral cancer patients. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:227. [PMID: 35804390 PMCID: PMC9264557 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With low response to present immunotherapy, it is imperative to identify new immune-related biomarkers for more effective immunotherapies for oral cancer. Methods RNA profiles for 390 oral cancer patients and 32 normal samples were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Immune genesets from ImmPort repository were overlapped with DEGs. After implementing univariate Cox analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, key immune-related gene pairs (IRGPs) among the overlapped DEGs for predicting the survival risk were obtained. Then, the cutoff of risk score was calculated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to stratify oral cancer patients into high and low-risk groups. Multivariate Cox analysis was used to analyze independent prognostic indicators for oral cancer. Besides, infiltration of immune cells, functional annotation, and mutation analysis of IRGPs were conducted. Biological functions correlated with IRGPs were enriched by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) method. Results We identified 698 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to oral cancer. 17 IRGPs among the DEGs were identified and integrated into a risk score model. Patients in the high-risk group have a significantly worse prognosis than those in the low-risk group in both training (P<0.001) and test (P=0.019) cohorts. Meanwhile, the IRGP model was identified as an independent prognostic factor for oral cancer. Different infiltration patterns of immune cells were found between the high- and low-risk groups that more types of T and B cells were enriched in the low-risk group. More immune-related signaling pathways were highly enriched in the low-risk group and Tenascin C (TNC) was the most frequently mutated gene. We have developed a novel 17-IRGPs signature for risk stratification and prognostic prediction of oral cancer. Conclusion Our study provides a foundation for improved immunotherapy and prognosis and is beneficial to the individualized management of oral cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-022-02630-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Feicheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yanni Hou
- Department of Special Dental Care Clinic, Wendeng Stomatology Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Feicheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Linhua Li
- Repair Department of Stomatology, Shouguang Stomatology Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Peifu Cong
- Department of Stomatology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Operating room, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Xuri Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China.
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Bindra GK, Williams SA, Lay FT, Baxter AA, Poon IKH, Hulett MD, Phan TK. Human β-Defensin 2 (HBD-2) Displays Oncolytic Activity but Does Not Affect Tumour Cell Migration. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020264. [PMID: 35204765 PMCID: PMC8961614 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Defensins form an integral part of the cationic host defence peptide (HDP) family, a key component of innate immunity. Apart from their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities, many HDPs exert multifaceted effects on tumour cells, notably direct oncolysis and/or inhibition of tumour cell migration. Therefore, HDPs have been explored as promising anticancer therapeutics. Human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) represents a prominent member of human HDPs, being well-characterised for its potent pathogen-killing, wound-healing, cytokine-inducing and leukocyte-chemoattracting functions. However, its anticancer effects remain largely unknown. Recently, we demonstrated that HBD-2 binds strongly to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), a key mediator of defensin-induced cell death and an instructional messenger during cell migration. Hence, in this study, we sought to investigate the lytic and anti-migratory effects of HBD-2 on tumour cells. Using various cell biological assays and confocal microscopy, we showed that HBD-2 killed tumour cells via acute lytic cell death rather than apoptosis. In addition, our data suggested that, despite the reported PI(4,5)P2 interaction, HBD-2 does not affect cytoskeletal-dependent tumour cell migration. Together, our findings provide further insights into defensin biology and informs future defensin-based drug development.
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Wu J, Zhang T, Xiong H, Zeng L, Wang Z, Peng Y, Chen W, Hu X, Su T. Tumor-Infiltrating CD4 + Central Memory T Cells Correlated with Favorable Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:141-152. [PMID: 35035226 PMCID: PMC8754505 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s343432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent oral malignancy with a poor prognosis, in which tumor-infiltrating immune cells may play a critical role. Therefore, our study aims to screen potential immune cells and immune-related genes for predicting OSCC prognosis. METHODS A total of 310 OSCC patients with full transcriptional data and clinical characteristics were extracted from the TCGA database. Then, we obtained their abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells on TIMER 2.0 and analyzed them using xCell method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were applied successively to identify the immune cells associated with overall survival of OSCC patients. Furthermore, we screened the prognostic genes that related to the identified immune cells and validated their expressions by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CD4+ central memory T (TCM) cell was recognized as the sole independent immune cell correlated with OSCC prognosis (p = 0.0085). A novel nomogram based on CD4+ TCM cell abundance was established for predicting the prognosis of OSCC patients, with calibration plots showing good performance for 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival. Thirty-four related prognostic genes were screened according to the differential abundance of CD4+ TCM cell infiltration. In immunohistochemistry analysis, DEFB1 showed a significant positive relationship with the density of CD4+ TCM cells (p = 0.0075). CONCLUSION CD4+ central memory T cell was proposed as an independent prognostic biomarker for OSCC patients. DEFB1 might positively regulate the abundance of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ TCM cells, thus improving OSCC prognosis. Our findings may provide a new insight into better prognosis prediction and precise medicine for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haofeng Xiong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liujun Zeng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijun Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Oral Cancer and Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Zhu C, Gu L, Yao M, Li J, Fang C. Prognostic Value of an Immune-Related Gene Signature in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:776979. [PMID: 34993138 PMCID: PMC8724436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.776979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis and immunotherapy response rates are unfavorable in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The tumor microenvironment is associated with tumor prognosis and progression, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We obtained differentially expressed immune-related genes from OSCC mRNA data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Overall survival-related risk signature was constructed by univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO Cox regression analysis. The prognostic performance was validated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves in the TCGA and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. The risk score was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor and a nomogram was built to quantify the risk of outcome for each patient. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the risk score and the infiltration rate of immune cells, as well as the expression of immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive molecules. Functional enrichment analysis between different risk score subtypes detected multiple immune-related biological processes, metabolic pathways, and cancer-related pathways. Thus, the immune-related gene signature can predict overall survival and contribute to the personalized management of OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqun Gu
- Department of Pediatric Stomatology, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mianfeng Yao
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changyun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Elevated serum levels of cathelicidin and β-defensin 2 are associated with basal cell carcinoma. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:360-364. [PMID: 34764808 PMCID: PMC8574105 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.109707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the primary mechanisms used by the skin in the early stages of immune defense. AMPs have a broad antibacterial activity and also show antifungal and antiviral attributes. Various studies have also shown that levels of antimicrobial peptides change with the development of neoplasia. The aim of this paper is to assess the associations between the presence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and the plasma concentrations of cathelicidin and β-defensins (HBD1-3). We examined 108 patients (56 women, 52 men). The BCC group consisted of 49 patients with mean age 69.8 ±12.3 and the control group consisted of 59 participants with mean age 62.1 ±11.1. A statistical analysis of data was performed. The median serum concentration of cathelicidin was almost 3 times higher and the median concentration of HBD-2 more than 6 times higher in BCC patients than in the control group (p < 0.001). The logistic regression model revealed in univariate analysis that patients who had a detected cathelicidin level above ~1500 pg/ml had 9.9× higher likelihood of having BCC identified in the histopathology in comparison with the control group. In patients who had a HBD-2 level above ~1.2 ng/ml the OR of having BCC identified in the histopathology was 12.6 (p < 0.001). Elevated concentrations of cathelicidin and β-defensin 2 are associated with the presence of basal cell carcinoma. Additionally, the specificity of cathelicidin and β-defensin 2 in detecting basal cell carcinoma is high. However, it should be remembered that these factors are not specific only to this condition and further studies are needed.
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15
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Fang R, Iqbal M, Chen L, Liao J, Luo J, Wei F, Wen W, Sun W. A novel comprehensive immune-related gene signature as a promising survival predictor for the patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11507-11527. [PMID: 33867351 PMCID: PMC8109104 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most frequent subtype of head and neck cancer, continues to have a poor prognosis with no improvement. The TNM stage is not satisfactory for individualized prognostic assessment and it does not predict response to therapy. In the present study, we downloaded the gene expression profiles from TCGA database to establish a training set and GEO database for a validation set. In the training set, we developed an 10 immune-related genes signature which had superior predictive value compared with TNM stage. A nomogram including clinical characteristics was also constructed for accurate prediction. Furthermore, it was determined that our prognostic signature might act as an independent factor for predicting the survival of HNSCC patients. As for the immune microenvironment, our results showed higher immune checkpoint expression (CLTA-4 and PD-1) in low-risk group which might reflect a positive immunotherapy response. Thus, our signature not only provided a promising biomarker for survival prediction, but might be evaluated as an indicator for personalized immunotherapy in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liao
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jierong Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fanqin Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Wen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Institute of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P.R. China
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16
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Construction of a novel prognostic-predicting model correlated to ovarian cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225895. [PMID: 32716025 PMCID: PMC7414523 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers worldwide. The pathogenesis of the disease and outcomes prediction of OC patients remain largely unclear. The present study aimed to explore the key genes and biological pathways in ovarian carcinoma development, as well as construct a prognostic model to predict patients’ overall survival (OS). Results: We identified 164 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with OC. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment showed DEGs mainly correlated with spindle microtubes. For Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, cell cycle was mostly enriched for the DEGs. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network yielded 238 nodes and 1284 edges. Top three modules and ten hub genes were further filtered and analyzed. Three candidiate drugs targeting for therapy were also selected. Thirteen OS-related genes were selected and an eight-mRNA model was present to stratify patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different survival. Conclusions: The identified DEGs and biological pathways may provide new perspective on the pathogenesis and treatments of OC. The identified eight-mRNA signature has significant clinical implication for outcome prediction and tailored therapy guidance for OC patients.
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17
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Abstract
Defensins are a major family of host defense peptides expressed predominantly in neutrophils and epithelial cells. Their broad antimicrobial activities and multifaceted immunomodulatory functions have been extensively studied, cementing their role in innate immunity as a core host-protective component against bacterial, viral and fungal infections. More recent studies, however, paint defensins in a bad light such that they are "alleged" to promote viral and bacterial infections in certain biological settings. This mini review summarizes the latest findings on the potential pathogenic properties of defensins against the backdrop of their protective roles in antiviral and antibacterial immunity. Further, a succinct description of both tumor-proliferative and -suppressive activities of defensins is also given to highlight their functional and mechanistic complexity in antitumor immunity. We posit that given an enabling environment defensins, widely heralded as the "Swiss army knife," can function as a "double-edged sword" in host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Umnyakova ES, Zharkova MS, Berlov MN, Shamova OV, Kokryakov VN. Human antimicrobial peptides in autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:137-147. [PMID: 31914804 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1711517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were firstly discovered as cytotoxic substances that killed bacteria. Later they were described as biologically active peptides that are able not only to kill invaders but also to modulate host immunity. In particular, it is shown that human antimicrobial peptides are able to influence the activity of different innate and adaptive immunity components, thus, obviously, they also participate in autoimmune processes. In this review we discuss the nature of human AMPs and analyze their role in such autoimmune disorders like type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis. These peptides were shown to have a "double-sided" influence on the autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Thus, described facts should be taken into account for the development of new pharmaceutical agents to cure patients with autoimmune disorders. These agents could derive from natural antimicrobial peptides that in some cases modulate immune response. For example, it was shown that human AMPs are able to modulate complement system dysregulation of which is known to be one of the most dangerous pathogenic factors during autoimmune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Umnyakova
- Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria S Zharkova
- Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail N Berlov
- Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V Shamova
- Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Kokryakov
- Department of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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19
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Structure, function, and evolution of Gga-AvBD11, the archetype of the structural avian-double-β-defensin family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:337-345. [PMID: 31871151 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912941117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Out of the 14 avian β-defensins identified in the Gallus gallus genome, only 3 are present in the chicken egg, including the egg-specific avian β-defensin 11 (Gga-AvBD11). Given its specific localization and its established antibacterial activity, Gga-AvBD11 appears to play a protective role in embryonic development. Gga-AvBD11 is an atypical double-sized defensin, predicted to possess 2 motifs related to β-defensins and 6 disulfide bridges. The 3-dimensional NMR structure of the purified Gga-AvBD11 is a compact fold composed of 2 packed β-defensin domains. This fold is the archetype of a structural family, dubbed herein as avian-double-β-defensins (Av-DBD). We speculate that AvBD11 emanated from a monodomain gene ancestor and that similar events might have occurred in arthropods, leading to another structural family of less compact DBDs. We show that Gga-AvBD11 displays antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens, the avian protozoan Eimeria tenella, and avian influenza virus. Gga-AvBD11 also shows cytotoxic and antiinvasive activities, suggesting that it may not only be involved in innate protection of the chicken embryo, but also in the (re)modeling of embryonic tissues. Finally, the contribution of either of the 2 Gga-AvBD11 domains to these biological activities was assessed, using chemically synthesized peptides. Our results point to a critical importance of the cationic N-terminal domain in mediating antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antiinvasive activities, with the C-terminal domain potentiating the 2 latter activities. Strikingly, antiviral activity in infected chicken cells, accompanied by marked cytotoxicity, requires the full-length protein.
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20
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Sangeeta K, Yenugu S. siRNA-mediated knockdown of sperm-associated antigen 11a (Spag11a) mRNA in epididymal primary epithelial cells affects proliferation: a transcriptome analyses. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:601-612. [PMID: 31691005 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Differential expression of a variety of proteins in the four major regions of the epididymis contributes to maturation of spermatozoa and region-specific cellular functions as well. Proliferation of epithelial cells of the epididymis is highly controlled and thus is one of the major reasons for the nonoccurrence of cancers in this organ system. The molecular mechanisms and the contribution of region-specific genes in epithelial cell proliferation are not yet fully understood. In this study, for the first time, we analyzed the role of sperm-associated antigen 11a (Spag11a), a caput-specific beta-defensin-like antimicrobial gene in governing epididymal cell proliferation and global gene expression. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Spag11a mRNA in epididymal primary epithelial cells resulted in increased cell proliferation. Out of the 68,842 genes analyzed, 4182 genes were differentially expressed (2154 upregulated and 2028 downregulated). A variety of genes that participate in different cellular processes and pathways were differentially regulated. Genes that are important for epithelial cell proliferation were found to be differentially regulated and these changes were confirmed by real-time PCR. Overexpression of Spag11a in immortalized rat caput epididymal cells resulted in decreased proliferation capacity. Results of this study indicate that Spag11a plays a crucial role in governing epididymal epithelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Sangeeta
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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21
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Ghosh SK, McCormick TS, Weinberg A. Human Beta Defensins and Cancer: Contradictions and Common Ground. Front Oncol 2019; 9:341. [PMID: 31131258 PMCID: PMC6509205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beta-defensins (hBDs, −1, 2, 3) are a family of epithelial cell derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that protect mucosal membranes from microbial challenges. In addition to their antimicrobial activities, they possess other functions; e.g., cell activation, proliferation, regulation of cytokine/chemokine production, migration, differentiation, angiogenesis, and wound healing processes. It has also become apparent that defensin levels change with the development of neoplasia. However, inconsistent observations published by various laboratories make it difficult to reach a consensus as to the direction of the dysregulation and role the hBDs may play in various cancers. This is particularly evident in studies focusing on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). By segregating each hBD by cancer type, interrogating methodologies, and scrutinizing the subject cohorts used in the studies, we have endeavored to identify the “take home message” for each one of the three hBDs. We discovered that (1) consensus-driven findings indicate that hBD-1 and−2 are down- while hBD-3 is up-regulated in OSCC; (2) hBD dysregulation is cancer-type specific; (3) the inhibition/activation effect an hBD has on cancer cell lines is related to the direction of the hBD dysregulation (up or down) in the cancer from which the cell lines derive. Therefore, studies addressing hBD dysregulation in various cancers are not generalizable and comparisons should be avoided. Systematic delineation of the fate and role of the hBDs in a specific cancer type may lead to innovative ways to use defensins as prospective biomarkers for diagnostic/prognostic purposes and/or in novel therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Ghosh
- Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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22
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Antimicrobial Host Defence Peptides: Immunomodulatory Functions and Translational Prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1117:149-171. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3588-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Sun CQ, Arnold RS, Hsieh CL, Dorin JR, Lian F, Li Z, Petros JA. Discovery and mechanisms of host defense to oncogenesis: targeting the β-defensin-1 peptide as a natural tumor inhibitor. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:774-786. [PMID: 30900935 PMCID: PMC6605992 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1564564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1) is one of a number of small cationic host-defense peptides. Besides its well-known broad-spectrum antimicrobial function, hBD-1 has recently been identified as a chromosome 8p tumor-suppressor gene. The role of hBD-1 in modulating the host immune response to oncogenesis, associated with cell signaling and potential therapeutic applications, has become increasingly appreciated over time. In this study, multiple approaches were used to illustrate hBD-1 anti-tumor activities. Results demonstrate that hBD-1 peptide alters human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) signal transduction and represses retroviral-mediated transgene expression in cancer cells. Loss of orthologous murine defense-1 (mBD1) in mice enhances nickel sulfate-induced leiomyosarcoma and causes mouse kidney cells to exhibit increased susceptibility to HPV-16 E6/7-induced neoplastic transformation. Furthermore, for the first time, a novel function of the urine-derived hBD-1 peptide was discovered to suppress bladder cancer growth and this may lead to future applications in the treatment of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Q. Sun
- Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca S. Arnold
- Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chia-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julia R. Dorin
- Center for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fei Lian
- Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zhenghong Li
- School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha City, Human Province, P. R. China
| | - John A. Petros
- Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
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24
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Bonamy C, Sechet E, Amiot A, Alam A, Mourez M, Fraisse L, Sansonetti PJ, Sperandio B. Expression of the human antimicrobial peptide β-defensin-1 is repressed by the EGFR-ERK-MYC axis in colonic epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18043. [PMID: 30575780 PMCID: PMC6303337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human β-defensin-1 (HBD1) is an antimicrobial peptide constitutively expressed by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces. In addition to its microbicidal properties, the loss of HBD1 expression in several cancers suggests that it may also have an anti-tumor activity. Here, we investigated the link between HBD1 expression and cancer signaling pathways in the human colon cancer cell lines TC7 and HT-29, and in normal human colonic primary cells, using a mini-gut organoid model. Using available datasets from patient cohorts, we found that HBD1 transcription is decreased in colorectal cancer. We demonstrated that inhibiting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) increased HBD1 expression, whereas activating EGFR repressed HBD1 expression, through the MEKK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway that ultimately regulates MYC. We finally present evidences supporting a role of MYC, together with the MIZ1 coregulator, in HBD1 regulation. Our work uncovers the role and deciphers the function of the EGFR-ERK-MYC axis as a repressor of HBD1 expression and contributes to the understanding of HBD1 suppression observed in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Bonamy
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Unité INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Emmanuel Sechet
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Unité INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Amiot
- Département de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Antoine Alam
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Michael Mourez
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Laurent Fraisse
- Sanofi, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, 69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Unité INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Brice Sperandio
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France. .,Unité INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.
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25
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Du Y, Shang BY, Sheng WJ, Zhang SH, Li Y, Miao QF, Zhen YS. A recombinantly tailored β-defensin that displays intensive macropinocytosis-mediated uptake exerting potent efficacy against K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:58418-58434. [PMID: 27517152 PMCID: PMC5295440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer cells display intensive macropinocytosis, indicating that this process may be exploited in the design of anticancer targeted therapies. In this study, we constructed a macropinocytosis-oriented recombinantly tailored defensin (DF-HSA) which consists of human β-defensin-2 (DF) and human serum albumin (HSA). The macropinocytosis intensity and cytotoxicity of DF-HSA were investigated in K-Ras mutant MIA PaCa-2 cells and wild-type BxPC-3 cells. As found, the DF-HSA uptake in MIA PaCa-2 cells was much higher than that in wild-type BxPC-3 cells. Correspondingly, the cytotoxicity of DF-HSA to MIA PaCa-2 cells was more potent than that to BxPC-3 cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity of DF-HSA was much stronger than that of β-defensin HBD2. DF-HSA suppressed cancer cell proliferation and induced mitochondrial pathway apoptosis. Notably, DF-HSA significantly inhibited the growth of human pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 xenograft in athymic mice at well tolerated dose. By in vivo imaging, DF-HSA displayed a prominent accumulation in the tumor. The study indicates that the recombinantly tailored β-defensin can intensively enter into the K-Ras mutant pancreatic cancer cells through macropinocytosis-mediated process and exert potent therapeutic efficacy against the pancreatic carcinoma xenograft. The novel format of β-defensin may play an active role in macropinocytosis-mediated targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jin Sheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Fang Miao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Su Zhen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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26
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β-defensin 1 expression in HCV infected liver/liver cancer: an important role in protecting HCV progression and liver cancer development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13404. [PMID: 29042578 PMCID: PMC5645372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-defensin family plays a role in host defense against viral infection, however its role in HCV infection is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that β-defensin 1 was significantly reduced in HCV-infected liver specimens. Treatment with interferon and ribavirin upregulated β-defensin-1, but not other β-defensin tested, with the extent and duration of upregulation associated with treatment response. We investigated β-defensin family expression in liver cancer in publicly available datasets and found that among all the β-defensins tested, only β-defensin 1 was significantly downregulated, suggesting β-defensin 1 plays a crucial role in liver cancer development. Further analysis identified E-cadherin as the top positive correlated gene, while hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate as the top negative correlated gene. Expression of two proteoglycans were also positively correlated with that of β-defensin 1. We have also identified small molecules as potential therapeutic agents to reverse β-defensin 1-associated gene signature. Furthermore, the downregulation of β-defensin 1 and E-cadherin, and upregulation of hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate, were further confirmed in liver cancer and adjacent normal tissue collected from in-house Chinese liver cancer patients. Together, our results suggest β-defensin 1 plays an important role in protecting HCV progression and liver cancer development.
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27
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Roudi R, Syn NL, Roudbary M. Antimicrobial Peptides As Biologic and Immunotherapeutic Agents against Cancer: A Comprehensive Overview. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1320. [PMID: 29081781 PMCID: PMC5645638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a pervasive and evolutionarily ancient component of innate host defense which is present in virtually all classes of life. In recent years, evidence has accumulated that parallel or de novo mechanisms by which AMPs curb infectious pathologies are also effective at restraining cancer cell proliferation and dissemination, and have consequently stimulated significant interest in their deployment as novel biologic and immunotherapeutic agents against human malignancies. In this review, we explicate the biochemical underpinnings of their tumor-selectivity, and discuss results of recent clinical trials (outside of oncologic indications) which substantiate their safety and tolerability profiles. Next, we present evidence for their preclinical antitumor activity, systematically organized by the major and minor classes of natural AMPs. Finally, we discuss the barriers to their clinical implementation and envision directions for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nicholas L Syn
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maryam Roudbary
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Hong SA, Kim KH, Lee TJ, Park ES, Kim MK, Myung SC. A role of human beta defensin-1 in predicting prostatic adenocarcinoma in cases of false-negative biopsy. APMIS 2017; 125:1063-1069. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Auck Hong
- Department of Pathology; Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital; Cheonan Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Urology; Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital; Cheonan Korea
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology; Chung-Ang University Hospital; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Eon Sub Park
- Department of Pathology; Chung-Ang University Hospital; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology; Chung-Ang University Hospital; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Soon Chul Myung
- Department of Urology; Chung-Ang University Hospital; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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29
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Lin L, Wang J, Liu D, Liu S, Xu H, Ji N, Zhou M, Zeng X, Zhang D, Li J, Chen Q. Interleukin-37 expression and its potential role in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26757. [PMID: 27225603 PMCID: PMC4880905 DOI: 10.1038/srep26757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 37 (IL-37) has been reported to play a significant role in innate immune response and to be involved in several kinds of cancers. However, the investigation of association between IL-37 and oral mucosa carcinogenesis hasn't been clearly established. The aim of the study was to assess IL-37 expression and explore its role in oral mucosa carcinogenesis. The expression of IL-37 increased from normal control (NC) to Oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Moreover, statistically highly significant difference was present between scores of OLK with and without mild/moderate dysplasia (P < 0.001). In addition, IL-37 expression was lower in OSCC with lymph node metastasis than those without metastasis (P < 0.01). What's more, overexpression of IL-37 in RAW264.7 cells remarkably reduced the pseudopodia, vacuolization and the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Finally, we found IL-37 and its receptor IL-18Rα but not its binding partner IL-18BP have similar tissue location and expression trend in different stages of oral mucosa carcinogenesis. Overall, IL-37 can be used as a biomarker for early oral tumorigenesis and for malignant transformation risk assessment of premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dunfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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31
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Expression and new exon mutations of the human Beta defensins and their association on colon cancer development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126868. [PMID: 26038828 PMCID: PMC4454434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer involves genetic predisposition and a variety of environmental exposures. Genome-wide linkage analyses provide evidence for the significant linkage of many diseases to susceptibility loci on chromosome 8p23, the location of the human defensin gene cluster. Human β-defensins (hBDs) are important molecules of innate immunity. This study was designed to analyze the expression and genetic variations in hBDs (hBD-1, hBD-2, hBD-3 and hBD-4) and their putative association with colon cancer. hBD gene expression and relative protein expression were evaluated by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively, from 40 normal patients and 40 age-matched patients with colon cancer in Saudi Arabia. In addition, hBD polymorphisms were genotyped by exon sequencing and by promoter methylation. hBD-1, hBD-2, hBD-3 and hBD-4 basal messenger RNA expression was significantly lower in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Several insertion mutations were detected in different exons of the analyzed hBDs. However, no methylation in any hBDs promoters was detected because of the limited number of CpG islands in these regions. We demonstrated for the first time a link between hBD expression and colon cancer. This suggests that there is a significant link between innate immunity deregulation through disruption of cationic peptides (hBDs) and the potential development of colon cancer.
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32
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Defensins: “Simple” antimicrobial peptides or broad-spectrum molecules? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:361-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Adachi T, Matsumoto Y, Inagaki Y, Sekimizu K. Niemann-Pick disease type C2 protein induces autophagy and inhibits growth in FM3A breast cancer cells. Drug Discov Ther 2015; 9:282-8. [PMID: 25843701 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2015.01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Some peptides that are highly conserved between insects and mammals have anti-tumor action. Screening for inhibitors of cell growth from animal fluids may provide useful clues to anti-tumor drugs. Inducers of autophagy also have anti-tumor activity. The current authors recently studied a protein found in silkworm hemolymph, Niemann-Pick disease type C2 (NPC2). This protein, which is highly conserved among eukaryotes, was found to have anti-proliferative action on a silkworm cell line. The current study found that the silkworm NPC2 protein also inhibits the growth of FM3A murine breast cancer cells. In FM3A cells, silkworm NPC2 increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and decreased phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin, which are regulators of autophagy. This study also found that NPC2 increased the amount of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II, an autophagosome marker, in FM3A cells. Silkworm NPC2 also induced an increase in the number of LC3-dots, a marker of pre-autophagic endosomes, in FM3A cells. When silkworm NPC2 was used to inhibit FM3A cell growth, that inhibition was attenuated by chloroquine, which inhibits autophagic activity by preventing lysosomal acidification. Murine NPC2 also inhibited growth and induced autophagy in FM3A cells. These findings suggest that NPC2 is involved in the induction and/or maintenance of autophagy and may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying other neurodegenerative disorders such as Niemann-Pick disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo
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34
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Lee M, Wiedemann T, Gross C, Leinhäuser I, Roncaroli F, Braren R, Pellegata NS. Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling Displays Potent Antitumor Efficacy against Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3204-15. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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