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Oral administration of repurposed drug targeting Cyp46A1 increases survival times of prion infected mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:58. [PMID: 33795005 PMCID: PMC8017635 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal, infectious, and incurable neurodegenerative disorders caused by misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the infectious isoform (PrPSc). In humans, there are sporadic, genetic and infectious etiologies, with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) being the most common form. Currently, no treatment is available for prion diseases. Cellular cholesterol is known to impact prion conversion, which in turn results in an accumulation of cholesterol in prion-infected neurons. The major elimination of brain cholesterol is achieved by the brain specific enzyme, cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1). Cyp46A1 converts cholesterol into 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol, a membrane-permeable molecule that exits the brain. We have demonstrated for the first time that Cyp46A1 levels are reduced in the brains of prion-infected mice at advanced disease stage, in prion-infected neuronal cells and in post-mortem brains of sCJD patients. We have employed the Cyp46A1 activator efavirenz (EFV) for treatment of prion-infected neuronal cells and mice. EFV is an FDA approved anti-HIV medication effectively crossing the blood brain barrier and has been used for decades to chronically treat HIV patients. EFV significantly mitigated PrPSc propagation in prion-infected cells while preserving physiological PrPC and lipid raft integrity. Notably, oral administration of EFV treatment chronically at very low dosage starting weeks to months after intracerebral prion inoculation of mice significantly prolonged the lifespan of animals. In summary, our results suggest that Cyp46A1 as a novel therapeutic target and that its activation through repurposing the anti-retroviral medication EFV might be valuable treatment approach for prion diseases.
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Watson N, Brandel JP, Green A, Hermann P, Ladogana A, Lindsay T, Mackenzie J, Pocchiari M, Smith C, Zerr I, Pal S. The importance of ongoing international surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:362-379. [PMID: 33972773 PMCID: PMC8109225 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive, fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative disease associated with the accumulation of misfolded prion protein in the CNS. International CJD surveillance programmes have been active since the emergence, in the mid-1990s, of variant CJD (vCJD), a disease linked to bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Control measures have now successfully contained bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the incidence of vCJD has declined, leading to questions about the requirement for ongoing surveillance. However, several lines of evidence have raised concerns that further cases of vCJD could emerge as a result of prolonged incubation and/or secondary transmission. Emerging evidence from peripheral tissue distribution studies employing high-sensitivity assays suggests that all forms of human prion disease carry a theoretical risk of iatrogenic transmission. Finally, emerging diseases, such as chronic wasting disease and camel prion disease, pose further risks to public health. In this Review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the transmission of prion diseases in human populations and argue that CJD surveillance remains vital both from a public health perspective and to support essential research into disease pathophysiology, enhanced diagnostic tests and much-needed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Watson
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Brandel
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Cellule Nationale de référence des MCJ, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alison Green
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Hermann
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331National Reference Centre for TSE, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Ladogana
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Registry of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Terri Lindsay
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet Mackenzie
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maurizio Pocchiari
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Registry of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Colin Smith
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Inga Zerr
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331National Reference Centre for TSE, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Suvankar Pal
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Huang Y, Forshee RA, Keire D, Lee S, Gregori L, Asher DM, Bett C, Niland B, Brubaker SA, Anderson SA, Yang H. Assessment of risk of variant creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) from use of bovine heparin. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2020; 29:575-581. [PMID: 32134162 DOI: 10.1002/pds.4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the late1990s, reacting to the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the United Kingdom that caused a new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans, manufacturers withdrew bovine heparin from the market in the United States. There have been growing concerns about the adequate supply and safety of porcine heparin. Since the BSE epidemic has been declining markedly, the US Food and Drug Administration reevaluates the vCJD risk via use of bovine heparin. METHODS We developed a computational model to estimate the vCJD risk to patients receiving bovine heparin injections. The model incorporated information including BSE prevalence, infectivity levels in the intestines, manufacturing batch size, yield of heparin, reduction in infectivity by manufacturing process, and the dose-response relationship. RESULTS The model estimates a median risk of vCJD infection from a single intravenous dose (10 000 USP units) of heparin made from US-sourced bovine intestines to be 6.9 × 10-9 (2.5-97.fifth percentile: 1.5 × 10-9 -4.3 × 10-8 ), a risk of 1 in 145 million, and 4.6 × 10-8 (2.5-97.fifth percentile: 1.1 × 10-8 -2.6 × 10-7 ), a risk of 1 in 22 million for Canada-sourced products. The model estimates a median risk of 1.4 × 10-7 (2.5-97.fifth percentile: 2.9 × 10-8 -9.3 × 10-7 ) and 9.6 × 10-7 (2.5-97.fifth percentile: 2.1 × 10-7 -5.6 × 10-6 ) for a typical treatment for venous thromboembolism (infusion of 2-4 doses daily per week) using US-sourced and Canada-sourced bovine heparin, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The model estimates the vCJD risk from use of heparin when appropriately manufactured from US or Canadian cattle is likely small. The model and conclusions should not be applied to other medicinal products manufactured using bovine-derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Huang
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Richard A Forshee
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - David Keire
- FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Sau Lee
- FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Luisa Gregori
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Blood Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - David M Asher
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Blood Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Cyrus Bett
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Blood Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Brian Niland
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Scott A Brubaker
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Steven A Anderson
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Hong Yang
- FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Kumagai S, Daikai T, Onodera T. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
- A Review from the Perspective of Food Safety. Food Saf (Tokyo) 2019; 7:21-47. [PMID: 31998585 PMCID: PMC6978881 DOI: 10.14252/foodsafetyfscj.2018009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Since the first case was identified in the UK in 1986, BSE spread to other countries including Japan. Its incidence peaked in 1992 in the UK and from 2001 to 2006 in many other countries, but a feed ban aimed at eliminating the recycling of the BSE agent and other control measures aimed at preventing food and feed contamination with the agent were highly effective at reducing the spread of BSE. In 2004, two types of atypical BSE, H-type BSE (H-BSE) and L-type BSE (L-BSE), which differ from classical BSE (C-BSE), were found in France and Italy. Atypical BSE, which is assumed to occur spontaneously, has also been detected among cattle in other countries including Japan. The BSE agent including atypical BSE agent is a unique food-safety hazard with different chemical and biological properties from the microbial pathogens and toxic chemicals that contaminate food. In this review, we summarize the reported findings on the tissue distribution of BSE prions in infected cattle and other aspects of BSE, as well as the control measures against the disease employed in Japan. Topics that require further studies are discussed based on the summarized findings from the perspective of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Kumagai
- Research Center for Food Safety, The University of
Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
| | - Takateru Daikai
- Food Safety Commission of Japan Secretariat, Akasaka
Park Bld. 22F, Akasaka 5-2-20, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 107-6122, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine,
Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka-shi,
Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takashi Onodera
- Research Center for Food Safety, The University of
Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657,
Japan
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Bland JS. The Dark Matter of Nutrition: Dietary Signals Beyond Traditional Nutrients. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2019; 18:12-15. [PMID: 31341437 PMCID: PMC6601448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Altered plant-derived amino acids and their influence on human protein structure and subsequent effects on immune function, specific food-derived pathological misfolded prion proteins and their influence on nervous-system function, and-lastly-microRNAs from plant foods and their influence on genetic expression of both enteric bacteria and potentially endogenous cellular function are all examples of the dark matter of nutrition concept. These phenomena are far outside the familiar nutritional boundaries of macro- and micronutrients. We have entered new territory now-the exploration of how food-related substances influence cellular signaling through the modification of genetic expression.
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Comoy EE, Mikol J, Deslys JP. Unexpected prion phenotypes in experimentally transfused animals: predictive models for humans? Prion 2018; 12:1-8. [PMID: 30080439 PMCID: PMC6277188 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2018.1505399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently reevaluated high prevalence of healthy carriers (1/2,000 in UK) of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (v-CJD), whose blood might be infectious, suggests that the evolution of this prion disease might not be under full control as expected. After experimental transfusion of macaques and conventional mice with blood derived from v-CJD exposed (human and animal) individuals, we confirmed in these both models the transmissibility of v-CJD, but we also observed unexpected neurological syndromes transmissible by transfusion: despite their prion etiology confirmed through transmission experiments, these original cases would escape classical prion diagnosis, notably in the absence of detectable abnormal PrP with current techniques. It is noteworthy that macaques developed an original, yet undescribed myelopathic syndrome associating demyelination and pseudo-necrotic lesions of spinal cord, brainstem and optical tract without affecting encephalon, which is rather evocative of spinal cord disease than prion disease in human medicine. These observations strongly suggest that the spectrum of human prion diseases may extend the current field restricted to the phenotypes associated to protease-resistant PrP, and may notably include spinal cord diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E. Comoy
- Prion Research Unit, Institut François Jacob, Division of Fundamental Research, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jacqueline Mikol
- Prion Research Unit, Institut François Jacob, Division of Fundamental Research, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Deslys
- Prion Research Unit, Institut François Jacob, Division of Fundamental Research, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare prion disorder that has been the subject of both professional and public interest following the identification of variant CJD as a zoonotic disorder. There have been recent advances in diagnostic techniques, including real-time quaking-induced conversion and magnetic resonance imaging brain scan, that have allowed more accurate case recognition in all forms of CJD. Although the epidemic of variant CJD is clearly in decline, prevalence studies suggest that it may be premature to be complacent about concerns for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Mackenzie
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Bryan Matthews Building, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Robert Will
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Bryan Matthews Building, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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Comoy EE, Mikol J, Jaffré N, Lebon V, Levavasseur E, Streichenberger N, Sumian C, Perret-Liaudet A, Eloit M, Andreoletti O, Haïk S, Hantraye P, Deslys JP. Experimental transfusion of variant CJD-infected blood reveals previously uncharacterised prion disorder in mice and macaque. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1268. [PMID: 29097653 PMCID: PMC5668246 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of human populations to bovine spongiform encephalopathy through contaminated food has resulted in <250 cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). However, more than 99% of vCJD infections could have remained silent suggesting a long-term risk of secondary transmission particularly through blood. Here, we present experimental evidence that transfusion in mice and non-human primates of blood products from symptomatic and non-symptomatic infected donors induces not only vCJD, but also a different class of neurological impairments. These impairments can all be retransmitted to mice with a pathognomonic accumulation of abnormal prion protein, thus expanding the spectrum of known prion diseases. Our findings suggest that the intravenous route promotes propagation of masked prion variants according to different mechanisms involved in peripheral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel E Comoy
- CEA, Institut François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Jacqueline Mikol
- CEA, Institut François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nina Jaffré
- CEA, Institut François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- MacoPharma, 200 Chaussée Fernand Forest, 59200, Tourcoing, France
| | - Vincent Lebon
- CEA, Institut François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Etienne Levavasseur
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1127, CNRS UMR 722, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut NeuroMyogène CNRS UMR 5310-INSERM U1217, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, France
| | - Chryslain Sumian
- MacoPharma, 200 Chaussée Fernand Forest, 59200, Tourcoing, France
| | - Armand Perret-Liaudet
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut NeuroMyogène CNRS UMR 5310-INSERM U1217, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron, France
| | - Marc Eloit
- Institut Pasteur, 15 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Andreoletti
- UMR INRA-ENVT 1225, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-S 1127, CNRS UMR 722, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- CEA, Institut François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Deslys
- CEA, Institut François Jacob, Université Paris-Saclay, 18 Route du Panorama, 92265, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Prion 2016 Invited Lecture Abstracts. Prion 2016; 10 Suppl 1:S3-S14. [PMID: 27088810 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2016.1163050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Pan SY, Gao SH, Lin RC, Zhou SF, Dong HG, Tang MK, Yu ZL, Ko KM. New perspectives on dietary-derived treatments and food safety-antinomy in a new era. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1836-59. [PMID: 24915382 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.654286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances in science and technology and wide use of chemical drugs, dietary intervention (or food therapy) remains useful in preventing or treating many human diseases. A huge body of evidence shows that the dietary pattern or habit is also an important contributing factor to the development of chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cancers. In recent years, over-the-counter health foods, nutraceuticals, and plant-derived medicinal products have been gaining popularity all over the world, particularly in developed countries. Unfortunately, owing to the contamination with various harmful substances in foods and the presence of toxic food components, food-borne diseases have also become increasingly problematic. Incidents of food poisonings or tainted food have been increasing worldwide, particularly in China and other developing countries. Therefore, the government should put in a greater effort in enforcing food safety by improving the surveillance mechanism and exerting highest standards of quality control for foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Pan
- a Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing , China
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Transmission of scrapie prions to primate after an extended silent incubation period. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11573. [PMID: 26123044 PMCID: PMC4485159 DOI: 10.1038/srep11573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (c-BSE) is the only animal prion disease reputed to be zoonotic, causing variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans and having guided protective measures for animal and human health against animal prion diseases. Recently, partial transmissions to humanized mice showed that the zoonotic potential of scrapie might be similar to c-BSE. We here report the direct transmission of a natural classical scrapie isolate to cynomolgus macaque, a highly relevant model for human prion diseases, after a 10-year silent incubation period, with features similar to those reported for human cases of sporadic CJD. Scrapie is thus actually transmissible to primates with incubation periods compatible with their life expectancy, although fourfold longer than BSE. Long-term experimental transmission studies are necessary to better assess the zoonotic potential of other prion diseases with high prevalence, notably Chronic Wasting Disease of deer and elk and atypical/Nor98 scrapie.
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Chou ML, Bailey A, Avory T, Tanimoto J, Burnouf T. Removal of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy prion from large volumes of cell culture media supplemented with fetal bovine serum by using hollow fiber anion-exchange membrane chromatography. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122300. [PMID: 25874629 PMCID: PMC4395333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in people who had consumed contaminated meat products from cattle with bovine spongiform encephalopathy emphasize the need for measures aimed at preventing the transmission of the pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) from materials derived from cattle. Highly stringent scrutiny is required for fetal bovine serum (FBS), a growth-medium supplement used in the production of parenteral vaccines and therapeutic recombinant proteins and in the ex vivo expansion of stem cells for transplantation. One such approach is the implementation of manufacturing steps dedicated to removing PrPSc from materials containing FBS. We evaluated the use of the QyuSpeed D (QSD) adsorbent hollow-fiber anion-exchange chromatographic column (Asahi Kasei Medical, Tokyo, Japan) for the removal of PrPSc from cell culture media supplemented with FBS. We first established that QSD filtration had no adverse effect on the chemical composition of various types of culture media supplemented with 10% FBS or the growth and viability characteristics of human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells, African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells, and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-k1) cells propagated in the various culture-medium filtrates. We used a 0.6-mL QSD column for removing PrPSc from up to 1000 mL of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% FBS previously spiked with the 263K strain of hamster-adapted scrapie. The Western blot analysis, validated alongside an infectivity assay, revealed that the level of PrPSc in the initial 200mL flow-through was reduced by 2.5 to > 3 log10, compared with that of the starting material. These results indicate that QSD filtration removes PrPSc from cell culture media containing 10% FBS, and demonstrate the ease with which QSD filtration can be implemented in at industrial-scale to improve the safety of vaccines, therapeutic recombinant proteins, and ex vivo expanded stem cells produced using growth media supplemented with FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andy Bailey
- ViruSure, Tech Gate Science and Technology Park, Donau City Strasse 1, A-1220, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiffany Avory
- ViruSure, Tech Gate Science and Technology Park, Donau City Strasse 1, A-1220, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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