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Sasaki A, Takeda D, Kawai H, Tadokoro Y, Murakami A, Yatagai N, Arimoto S, Nagatsuka H, Akashi M, Hasegawa T. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide suppresses skeletal muscle atrophy in a mouse model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302194. [PMID: 38630690 PMCID: PMC11023300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia causes skeletal muscle atrophy, impacting the treatment and prognosis of patients with advanced cancer, but no treatment has yet been established to control cancer cachexia. We demonstrated that transcutaneous application of carbon dioxide (CO2) could improve local blood flow and reduce skeletal muscle atrophy in a fracture model. However, the effects of transcutaneous application of CO2 in cancer-bearing conditions are not yet known. In this study, we calculated fat-free body mass (FFM), defined as the skeletal muscle mass, and evaluated the expression of muscle atrophy markers and uncoupling protein markers as well as the cross-sectional area (CSA) to investigate whether transcutaneous application of CO2 to skeletal muscle could suppress skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer-bearing mice. Human oral squamous cell carcinoma was transplanted subcutaneously into the upper dorsal region of nude mice, and 1 week later, CO2 gas was applied to the legs twice a week for 4 weeks and FFM was calculated by bioimpedance spectroscopy. After the experiment concluded, the quadriceps were extracted, and muscle atrophy markers (muscle atrophy F-box protein (MAFbx), muscle RING-finger protein 1 (MuRF-1)) and uncoupling protein markers (uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3)) were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining, and CSA by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The CO2-treated group exhibited significant mRNA and protein expression inhibition of the four markers. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining showed decreased MAFbx, MuRF-1, UCP2, and UCP3 in the CO2-treated group. In fact, the CSA in hematoxylin and eosin staining and the FFM revealed significant suppression of skeletal muscle atrophy in the CO2-treated group. We suggest that transcutaneous application of CO2 to skeletal muscle suppresses skeletal muscle atrophy in a mouse model of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Sasaki
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tadokoro
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Aki Murakami
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nanae Yatagai
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satomi Arimoto
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Tadokoro Y, Takeda D, Saito I, Yatagai N, Kakei Y, Akashi M, Hasegawa T. The Efficacy of Carbon Dioxide Paste in Alleviating Pain in Patients After Neck Dissection: Protocol for a Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e50500. [PMID: 37955944 PMCID: PMC10682928 DOI: 10.2196/50500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancers that cause severe aesthetic and functional disorders normally metastasize to the cervical lymph nodes. Patients with cervical lymph node metastasis are undergoing neck dissection. Shoulder complaints are common after neck dissection, with patients reporting symptoms such as pain, weakness, shoulder droop, and disability. However, no safe and effective treatment is available for this condition at present. We will conduct a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of carbon dioxide (CO2) paste in relieving pain in patients after neck dissection. OBJECTIVE This will be the first clinical study to compare the efficacy of CO2 paste with placebo in relieving postoperative pain in patients who underwent neck dissection. METHODS We will perform this trial at the Kobe University Hospital in Japan. Patients will be randomized 1:1 into the CO2 paste and control groups. Patients in the CO2 paste group will have the CO2 paste applied to the cervical surface skin for 10 minutes once per day for 14 consecutive days. The primary end point of the study is a change in the visual analog scale (VAS) scores of neck pain from baseline on day 1 (preapplication) to the end of drug application (day 15). Secondary end points include changes in the following parameters from baseline on day 1 to the end of drug application (day 15) or the study (day 29): neck pain VAS score (days 1-29), grip strength (days 1-15 and 1-29), VAS scores for subjective symptoms (the feeling of strangulation, numbness, swelling, and warmth in the neck and shoulder region) for days 1-15 and 1-29, whether the VAS score improved more than 30% (days 1-15), the arm abduction test (days 1-15 and 1-29), shoulder range of motion (abduction and flexion) for days 1-15 and 1-29, occurrence of skin disorders, and occurrence of serious side effects. Periodic monitoring will be conducted for participants during the trial. This study was approved by the certified review board of Kobe University. RESULTS The intervention commenced in May 2021 and will continue until March 2024. The collected data will provide information on the efficacy of the CO2 paste treatment. The primary end point will be compared using the Wilcoxon test, with the 1-sided significance level set at 5%. Each evaluation item will be summarized. Secondary efficacy end points will be analyzed to provide additional insights into the primary analysis. Findings based on the treatment effects are expected to be submitted for publication in 2025. CONCLUSIONS This trial will provide exploratory evidence of the efficacy and safety of CO2 paste in relieving pain in patients after neck dissection. TRIAL REGISTRATION Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT) identifier: jRCTs051210028; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/en-latest-detail/jRCTs051210028. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/50500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tadokoro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Izumi Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nanae Yatagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kakei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Tadokoro Y, Takeda D, Murakami A, Yatagai N, Saito I, Arimoto S, Kakei Y, Akashi M, Hasegawa T. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide application suppresses the expression of cancer-associated fibroblasts markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma xenograft mouse model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290357. [PMID: 37594996 PMCID: PMC10437783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). As CAFs promote tumor progression and hypoxia in the TME, regulating the conversion of normal fibroblasts (NFs) into CAFs is essential for improving the prognosis of patients with OSCC. We have previously reported the antitumor effects of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (CO2) application in OSCC. However, the effects of reducing hypoxia in the TME remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether CO2 administration improves the TME by evaluating CAFs marker expression. Human OSCC cells (HSC-3) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) were coinjected subcutaneously into the dorsal region of mice. CO2 gas was applied twice a week for 3 weeks. The tumors were harvested six times after transcutaneous CO2 application. The expression of CAFs markers (α-SMA, FAP, PDPN, and TGF-β) were evaluated by using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of α-SMA, FAP, PDPN, and TGF-β was significantly increased over time after co-injection. In the CO2-treated group, tumor growth was significantly suppressed after treatment initiation. In addition, the mRNA expression of these markers was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining revealed a significant decrease in the protein expression of all CAFs markers in the CO2-treated group. We confirmed that transcutaneous CO2 application suppressed CAFs marker expression and tumor growth in OSCC xenograft mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tadokoro
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Aki Murakami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Nanae Yatagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Izumi Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Satomi Arimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Yasumasa Kakei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe
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Hirota J, Hasegawa T, Inui A, Takeda D, Amano-Iga R, Yatagai N, Saito I, Arimoto S, Akashi M. Local application of a transcutaneous carbon dioxide paste prevents excessive scarring and promotes muscle regeneration in a bupivacaine-induced rat model of muscle injury. Int Wound J 2023; 20:1151-1159. [PMID: 36250918 PMCID: PMC10031219 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In postoperative patients with head and neck cancer, scar tissue formation may interfere with the healing process, resulting in incomplete functional recovery and a reduced quality of life. Percutaneous application of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) has been reported to improve hypoxia, stimulate angiogenesis, and promote fracture repair and muscle damage. However, gaseous CO2 cannot be applied to the head and neck regions. Previously, we developed a paste that holds non-gaseous CO2 in a carrier and can be administered transdermally. Here, we investigated whether this paste could prevent excessive scarring and promote muscle regeneration using a bupivacaine-induced rat model of muscle injury. Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either a control group or a CO2 group. Both groups underwent surgery to induce muscle injury, but the control group received no treatment, whereas the CO2 group received the CO2 paste daily after surgery. Then, samples of the experimental sites were taken on days 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-surgery to examine the following: (1) inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6), and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and myogenic (MyoD and myogenin) gene expression by polymerase chain reaction, (2) muscle regeneration with haematoxylin and eosin staining, and (3) MyoD and myogenin protein expression using immunohistochemical staining. Rats in the CO2 group showed higher MyoD and myogenin expression and lower IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β expression than the control rats. In addition, treated rats showed evidence of accelerated muscle regeneration. Our study demonstrated that the CO2 paste prevents excessive scarring and accelerates muscle regeneration. This action may be exerted through the induction of an artificial Bohr effect, which leads to the upregulation of MyoD and myogenin, and the downregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β. The paste is inexpensive and non-invasive. Thus, it may be the treatment of choice for patients with muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Hirota
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Inui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rika Amano-Iga
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nanae Yatagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Izumi Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satomi Arimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Rivers RJ, Meininger CJ. The Tissue Response to Hypoxia: How Therapeutic Carbon Dioxide Moves the Response toward Homeostasis and Away from Instability. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065181. [PMID: 36982254 PMCID: PMC10048965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained tissue hypoxia is associated with many pathophysiological conditions, including chronic inflammation, chronic wounds, slow-healing fractures, microvascular complications of diabetes, and metastatic spread of tumors. This extended deficiency of oxygen (O2) in the tissue sets creates a microenvironment that supports inflammation and initiates cell survival paradigms. Elevating tissue carbon dioxide levels (CO2) pushes the tissue environment toward "thrive mode," bringing increased blood flow, added O2, reduced inflammation, and enhanced angiogenesis. This review presents the science supporting the clinical benefits observed with the administration of therapeutic CO2. It also presents the current knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the biological effects of CO2 therapy. The most notable findings of the review include (a) CO2 activates angiogenesis not mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1a, (b) CO2 is strongly anti-inflammatory, (c) CO2 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, and (d) CO2 can stimulate the same pathways as exercise and thereby, acts as a critical mediator in the biological response of skeletal muscle to tissue hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Rivers
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
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Wang G, Zhang Z, Tao M, Wei X, Zhou L. Identification of potential crucial genes and mechanisms associated with metastasis of medulloblastoma based on gene expression profile. Neurol Res 2023; 45:260-267. [PMID: 36215435 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2132457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Although metastasis constitutes one of the poorest prognostic indicators in this disease, the mechanisms that drive metastasis have received less attention. The aim of our study is to provide valid biological information for the metastasis mechanism of medulloblastoma. METHODS Gene expression profile of GSE468 was downloaded from GEO database and was analyzed using limma R package. Function and enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed based on PANTHER database. PPI network construction, hub gene selection and module analysis were conducted in Cytoscape software. RESULTS Nine upregulated genes and 34 downregulated genes were selected as DEGs. The upregulated genes were mainly enriched in molecular function and cell component, which mainly included protein binding and nucleus respectively. A total of 120 enriched GO terms and 40 KEGG pathways were identified. The main enriched GO terms were the biological process such as apoptosis and MAPK activity. Besides, the enriched KEGG pathways also included MAPK signaling pathway. A PPI network was obtained, and JUN was identified as a hub gene. Also, we firstly investigated the role and regulatory mechanism of JUN in the metastasis of medulloblastoma. CONCLUSIONS Through the bioinformatics analysis of the gene microarray in GEO, we found some crucial genes and pathways associated with the metastasis of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mengying Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Yatagai N, Hasegawa T, Kyotani K, Noda T, Amano R, Saito I, Arimoto S, Takeda D, Kakei Y, Akashi M. Exploratory clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide paste in healthy people. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29511. [PMID: 35866800 PMCID: PMC9302358 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scarring and pain are postoperative complications in patients after head and neck cancer treatment; however, there is no effective treatment. These complications are affected by local blood flow disorders, and it is well known that the transcutaneous application of carbon dioxide (CO2) improves local blood flow. Previously, we have shown that the transcutaneous application of carbon dioxide causes absorption of CO2 and increase the oxygen (O2) pressure in the treated tissue; it is expected that the application of CO2 may reduce scarring and pain caused by cancer treatment. We newly introduced the CO2 paste as a new CO2 application method, which does not need to use CO2 gas directly. In this study, we aimed to apply of CO2 paste to healthy people and to investigate its usefulness, safety and feasibility by analysing the increase in blood flow and frequency of adverse events. METHODS We applied carbon dioxide paste to skin over the sternocleidomastoid and gastrocnemius muscles of eight healthy volunteers. The changes in blood flow before and after the CO2 paste application using dynamic MRI, and changes in the vital signs were evaluated. RESULTS In the neck area and middle layer of the lower leg, the signal intensity (SI) significantly increased 60 seconds after application. In the surface layer of the lower leg, the SI was significantly increased 60 and 300 seconds after paste application. Although mild heat was noted after the paste application, no obvious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION We demonstrated the increase in SI by dynamic MRI at the site of the carbon dioxide paste application, which indicates the paste application is effective in improving the blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Yatagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takumi Hasegawa, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Katsusuke Kyotani
- Center for Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Noda
- Center for Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Rika Amano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Izumi Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satomi Arimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kakei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Lv H, Zhou T, Rong F. Proteomic analysis of the influence of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum in cervical cancer cells. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1253-1260. [PMID: 34850775 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_638_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective The effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum (CDP) on the oncology outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of CDP on the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and examined the molecular mechanism. Materials and Methods We established an in vitro CDP model to study the effects of CDP on the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, xenografted tumor assay. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics were used to study the proteomic changes in HeLa cells after CDP treatment. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway proteins. Results CDP increased cell proliferation after a short period of inhibition in vitro and promoted tumorigenesis in vivo. Proteomic analysis showed that the expression levels of 177 and 309 proteins were changed significantly 24 and 48 h after CDP treatment, respectively. The acidification caused by CO2 inhibited the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. Conclusions CDP promoted the proliferation of human cervical cancer cells after a short time of inhibition. The mechanism of which is related to the inhibition of phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengnian Rong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Yatagai N, Hasegawa T, Amano R, Saito I, Arimoto S, Takeda D, Kakei Y, Akashi M. Transcutaneous Carbon Dioxide Decreases Immunosuppressive Factors in Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5568428. [PMID: 34307656 PMCID: PMC8270696 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5568428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the tumour immunosuppressive mechanism has attracted attention as a cause of tumour chemoresistance. Although chemoresistance and immunosuppression of tumours have been reported to be associated with a hypoxic environment, effective treatments to improve hypoxia in tumours have not yet been established. We have previously applied carbon dioxide (CO2) to squamous cell carcinoma and have shown that improvement in local oxygenation has an antitumour effect. However, the effects of local CO2 administration on tumour immunosuppression, chemoresistance, and combination with chemotherapy are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of local CO2 administration on squamous cell carcinoma and the effects of combined use with chemotherapy, focusing on the effects on tumour immunosuppressive factors. METHODS Human oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-3) was transplanted subcutaneously into the back of a nude mouse, and CO2 and cisplatin were administered. After administration twice a week for a total of 4 times, tumours were collected and the expression of tumour immunosuppressive factors (PD-L1, PD-L2, and galectin-9) was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. RESULTS Compared with the control group, a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of PD-L1 was observed in both, CO2-treated and combination groups. Similarly, the expression of PD-L2 and galectin-9 decreased in the CO2-treated and combination groups. Furthermore, immunostaining also showed a significant decrease in the protein expression of tumour immunosuppressive factors in the CO2-treated and combination groups. CONCLUSION It was confirmed that the tumour immunosuppressive factors decreased due to local CO2 administration to the mouse model. CO2 administration has the potential to improve the hypoxic environment in tumours, and combined use with chemotherapy may also improve tumour immunosuppression.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Animals
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Carbon Dioxide/administration & dosage
- Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- Mouth Neoplasms/immunology
- Mouth Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Yatagai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Rika Amano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Izumi Saito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satomi Arimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kakei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaya Akashi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Finžgar M, Frangež HB, Cankar K, Frangež I. Transcutaneous application of the gaseous CO 2 for improvement of the microvascular function in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Microvasc Res 2020; 133:104100. [PMID: 33181169 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microvascular function is impaired in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and is involved in numerous DM complications. Several microvascular-supporting interventions have been proposed of which the transcutaneous application of gaseous CO2 (hereinafter CO2 therapy) is one of the most promising. The aim of present study was to determine the effect of repeated CO2 therapies on the cutaneous microvascular function in DM patients with diabetic foot ulcers. METHODOLOGY A total of 42 subjects with at least one chronic diabetic foot ulcer were enrolled in the study. They were divided into the experimental group (21 subjects aged 64.6 ± 11.6 years) that underwent 4-week-long treatment with transcutaneous application of gaseous CO2 (hereinafter CO2 therapies), and the placebo group (21 subjects aged 65.0 ± 10.7 years) that underwent 4-week-long placebo treatment with transcutaneous application of air. Before the first and after the last treatment in both groups, laser Doppler (LD) flux in foot cutaneous microcirculation, heart rate, and arterial blood pressure measurements were carried out during rest and local thermal hyperaemia (LTH) provocation test. RESULTS In the experimental group the following statistically significant changes were observed after the completed treatment 1) increased mean relative powers of LD flux signals during rest in the frequency bands related to NO-independent endothelial (0.07 ± 0.055 vs. 0.048 ± 0.059, p = 0.0058), NO-mediated endothelial (0.154 ± 0.101 vs. 0.113 ± 0.108, p = 0.015), and neurogenic (0.17 ± 0.107 vs. 0.136 ± 0.098, p = 0.018) activity; 2) decreased resting LD flux (35 ± 29 PU vs. 52 ± 56 PU; p = 0.038); and 3) increased peak LD flux as a function of baseline during LTH (482 ± 474%BL vs. 287 ± 262%BL, p = 0.036); there were no statistically significant changes observed in the placebo group. No systemic effects were observed in none of the two groups by means of mean values of heart rate and arterial blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Repeated CO2 therapies improves the microvasular function in DM patients without any systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Finžgar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva c. 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Helena Ban Frangež
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Šlajmerjeva ul. 3, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ksenija Cankar
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška c. 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Frangež
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Surgical Infections, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška c. 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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11
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Niikura T, Iwakura T, Omori T, Lee SY, Sakai Y, Akisue T, Oe K, Fukui T, Matsushita T, Matsumoto T, Kuroda R. Topical cutaneous application of carbon dioxide via a hydrogel for improved fracture repair: results of phase I clinical safety trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:563. [PMID: 31766994 PMCID: PMC6878668 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinicians have very limited options to improve fracture repair. Therefore, it is critical to develop a new clinically available therapeutic option to assist fracture repair biologically. We previously reported that the topical cutaneous application of carbon dioxide (CO2) via a CO2 absorption-enhancing hydrogel accelerates fracture repair in rats by increasing blood flow and angiogenesis and promoting endochondral ossification. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of CO2 therapy in patients with fractures. Methods Patients with fractures of the femur and tibia were prospectively enrolled into this study with ethical approval and informed consent. The CO2 absorption-enhancing hydrogel was applied to the fractured lower limbs of patients, and then 100% CO2 was administered daily into a sealed space for 20 min over 4 weeks postoperatively. Safety was assessed based on vital signs, blood parameters, adverse events, and arterial and expired gas analyses. As the efficacy outcome, blood flow at the level of the fracture site and at a site 5 cm from the fracture in the affected limb was measured using a laser Doppler blood flow meter. Results Nineteen patients were subjected to complete analysis. No adverse events were observed. Arterial and expired gas analyses revealed no adverse systemic effects including hypercapnia. The mean ratio of blood flow 20 min after CO2 therapy compared with the pre-treatment level increased by approximately 2-fold in a time-dependent manner. Conclusions The findings of the present study revealed that CO2 therapy is safe to apply to human patients and that it can enhance blood flow in the fractured limbs. Trial registration This study has been registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (Registration number: UMIN000013641, Date of registration: July 1, 2014).
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12
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Rare-Earth-Doped Calcium Carbonate Exposed to X-ray Irradiation to Induce Reactive Oxygen Species for Tumor Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051148. [PMID: 30845750 PMCID: PMC6429163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) is limited by its penetration depth due to the photosensitizer and light source. In this study, we developed X-ray induced photodynamic therapy that applied X-ray as the light source to activate Ce-doped CaCO₃ (CaCO₃:Ce) to generate an intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) for killing cancer cells. The A549 cell line was used as the in vitro and in vivo model to evaluate the efficacy of X-ray-induced CaCO₃:Ce. The cell viability significantly decreased and cell cytotoxicity obviously increased with CaCO₃:Ce exposure under X-ray irradiation, which is less harmful than radiotherapy in tumor treatment. CaCO₃:Ce produced significant ROS under X-ray irradiation and promoted A549 cancer cell death. CaCO₃:Ce can enhance the efficacy of X-ray induced PDT, and tumor growth was inhibited in vivo. The blood analysis and hematoxylin and eosin stain (H & E) stain fully supported the safety of the treatment. The mechanisms underlying ROS and CO₂ generation by CaCO₃:Ce activated by X-ray irradiation to induce cell toxicity, thereby inhibiting tumor growth, is discussed. These findings and advances are of great importance in providing a novel therapeutic approach as an alternative tumor treatment.
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Katayama N, Sugimoto K, Okada T, Ueha T, Sakai Y, Akiyoshi H, Mie K, Ueshima E, Sofue K, Koide Y, Tani R, Gentsu T, Yamaguchi M. Intra-arterially infused carbon dioxide-saturated solution for sensitizing the anticancer effect of cisplatin in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:695-701. [PMID: 28656217 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an intra-arterially infused carbon dioxide (CO2)-saturated solution in sensitizing the anticancer effect of cisplatin in a rabbit VX2 liver tumor model. Forty VX2 liver tumor-bearing Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups and infused via the proper hepatic artery with a saline solution (control group), CO2-saturated solution (CO2 group), cisplatin solution (cisplatin group), or CO2-saturated solution and cisplatin solution (combined group). The tumor volume (TV) and the relative tumor volume (RTV), RTV = (TV on day 3 or 7)/(TV on day 0) x 100, were calculated using contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF‑1α) and carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) staining were used to evaluate cellular hypoxia. Cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were analyzed to assess tumor apoptosis. The mean RTV on days 3 and 7 were 202.6±23.7 and 429.2±94.8%, respectively, in the control group; 172.2±38.1 and 376.5±61.1% in the CO2 group; 156.1±15.1 and 269.6±45.2% in the cisplatin group; and 118.3±28.1 and 210.3±55.1% in the combined group. RTV was significantly lower in the CO2 group than in the control group (day 3; P<0.05), and in the combined group than in the cisplatin group (days 3 and 7; P<0.05). HIF-1α and CA IX suppression, and increased cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 expression, were detected in the CO2 and combined groups, compared with the other two groups. An intra-arterially infused CO2-saturated solution inhibits liver VX2 tumor growth and sensitizes the anticancer effect of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Katayama
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Koji Sugimoto
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Mie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ueshima
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Keitaro Sofue
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koide
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Tani
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Gentsu
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masato Yamaguchi
- Department of Radiology and Center for Endovascular Therapy, Kobe University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Ueha T, Kawamoto T, Onishi Y, Harada R, Minoda M, Toda M, Hara H, Fukase N, Kurosaka M, Kuroda R, Akisue T, Sakai Y. Optimization of antitumor treatment conditions for transcutaneous CO2 application: An in vivo study. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3688-3694. [PMID: 28440513 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) therapy can be applied to treat a variety of disorders. We previously found that transcutaneous application of CO2 with a hydrogel decreased the tumor volume of several types of tumors and induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. However, only one condition of treatment intensity has been tested. For widespread application in clinical antitumor therapy, the conditions must be optimized. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the duration, frequency, and treatment interval of transcutaneous CO2 application and antitumor effects in murine xenograft models. Murine xenograft models of three types of human tumors (breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma/undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma) were used to assess the antitumor effects of transcutaneous CO2 application of varying durations, frequencies, and treatment intervals. In all human tumor xenografts, apoptosis was significantly induced by CO2 treatment for ≥10 min, and a significant decrease in tumor volume was observed with CO2 treatments of >5 min. The effect on tumor volume was not dependent on the frequency of CO2 application, i.e., twice or five times per week. However, treatment using 3- and 4-day intervals was more effective at decreasing tumor volume than treatment using 2- and 5-day intervals. The optimal conditions of transcutaneous CO2 application to obtain the best antitumor effect in various tumors were as follows: greater than 10 min per application, twice per week, with 3- and 4-day intervals, and application to the site of the tumor. The results suggest that this novel transcutaneous CO2 application might be useful to treat primary tumors, while mitigating some side effects, and therefore could be safe for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ueha
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuo Onishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Risa Harada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaya Minoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Toda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hitomi Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naomasa Fukase
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Fagundes RR, Taylor CT. Determinants of hypoxia-inducible factor activity in the intestinal mucosa. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1328-1334. [PMID: 28408694 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00203.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is exposed to fluctuations in oxygen levels due to constantly changing rates of oxygen demand and supply and its juxtaposition with the anoxic environment of the intestinal lumen. This frequently results in a state of hypoxia in the healthy mucosa even in the physiologic state. Furthermore, pathophysiologic hypoxia (which is more severe and extensive) is associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a ubiquitously expressed regulator of cellular adaptation to hypoxia, is central to both the adaptive and the inflammatory responses of cells of the intestinal mucosa in IBD patients. In this review, we discuss the microenvironmental factors which influence the level of HIF activity in healthy and inflamed intestinal mucosae and the consequences that increased HIF activity has for tissue function and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael R Fagundes
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and.,UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Takeda D, Hasegawa T, Ueha T, Sakakibara A, Kawamoto T, Minamikawa T, Sakai Y, Komori T. Decreased mitochondrial copy numbers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2016; 38:1170-5. [PMID: 27079936 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and altered respiration have long been suspected to affect the development and progression of cancer. Although quantitative changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), differences in mtDNA copy numbers between normal and cancerous tissues from same patients have not been assessed. METHODS We compared mtDNA copy numbers and expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) between normal mucous membrane and cancerous tissues resected from 35 patients with oral SCC, using TaqMan quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS We found mtDNA copy numbers and expressions of PGC-1α and TFAM were decreased in cancerous tissues compared with normal tissues from the same patients. CONCLUSION The PGC-1α-TFAM mitochondrial pathway may be associated with malignant potential in human oral SCC, and could be an attractive therapeutic target. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1170-1175, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakakibara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Minamikawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahide Komori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Selfridge AC, Cavadas MAS, Scholz CC, Campbell EL, Welch LC, Lecuona E, Colgan SP, Barrett KE, Sporn PHS, Sznajder JI, Cummins EP, Taylor CT. Hypercapnia Suppresses the HIF-dependent Adaptive Response to Hypoxia. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11800-8. [PMID: 27044749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.713941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide are the primary gaseous substrate and product of oxidative metabolism, respectively. Hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide) are co-incidental features of the tissue microenvironment in a range of pathophysiologic states, including acute and chronic respiratory diseases. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the master regulator of the transcriptional response to hypoxia; however, little is known about the impact of hypercapnia on gene transcription. Because of the relationship between hypoxia and hypercapnia, we investigated the effect of hypercapnia on the HIF pathway. Hypercapnia suppressed HIF-α protein stability and HIF target gene expression both in mice and cultured cells in a manner that was at least in part independent of the canonical O2-dependent HIF degradation pathway. The suppressive effects of hypercapnia on HIF-α protein stability could be mimicked by reducing intracellular pH at a constant level of partial pressure of CO2 Bafilomycin A1, a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H(+)-ATPase that blocks lysosomal degradation, prevented the hypercapnic suppression of HIF-α protein. Based on these results, we hypothesize that hypercapnia counter-regulates activation of the HIF pathway by reducing intracellular pH and promoting lysosomal degradation of HIF-α subunits. Therefore, hypercapnia may play a key role in the pathophysiology of diseases where HIF is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel A S Cavadas
- Conway Institute, and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carsten C Scholz
- From the School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, the Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eric L Campbell
- the University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Lynn C Welch
- the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Emilia Lecuona
- the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Sean P Colgan
- the University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Kim E Barrett
- From the School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, and
| | - Peter H S Sporn
- the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and the Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, and
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- From the School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, and
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- From the School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland,
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Iwata E, Hasegawa T, Takeda D, Ueha T, Kawamoto T, Akisue T, Sakai Y, Komori T. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1493-8. [PMID: 26846904 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common form of oral cancers. Recent studies have shown that the malignant transformation of various carcinomas, including OSCC, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and that expression of the EMT factors are significantly associated with tumor invasion, tumor metastasis, and survival rates in OSCC patients. Hence, there is a possibility that EMT suppression may improve the prognosis of OSCC patients. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial microenvironmental factor in tumor progression, which induces the expression of EMT factors. We previously reported that transcutaneous CO2 suppresses both human OSCC tumor growth and metastasis to the regional lymph nodes by improving hypoxia in treated tissue. According to this background, we hypothesized that increased EMT with HIF-1α expression may increase the progression and the metastatic potential of OSCC, and that decreased hypoxia by transcutaneous CO2 could suppress EMT. In the present study, in vitro studies showed that hypoxic conditions increased the expression of HIF-1α and EMT factors in OSCC cells. In addition, in vivo studies revealed that transcutaneous CO2 increased E-cadherin expression with the decreased expression of HIF-1α, Snail, Slug, N-cadherin, and Vimentin in tumor treatment. These results suggest that transcutaneous CO2 could suppress EMT by improving hypoxia, resulting in the reduction of metastatic potential of OSCC. The findings indicate that transcutaneous CO2 may be able to improve the prognosis of OSCC patients through the suppression of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Iwata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hasegawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueha
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Teruya Kawamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akisue
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshitada Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takahide Komori
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Hajighasemi F, Gheini MH. Lipopolysaccharide Effect on Vascular Endothelial Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Leukemic Cell Lines In vitro. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2015; 8:e2327. [PMID: 26413247 PMCID: PMC4581372 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis, the process of new vessels generation, plays a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), as a cytokine, and Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), has been the important factors that involved in angiogenesis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has an essential effect on angiogenesis. Objectives: In this study the effect of LPS on VEGF production and MMP-2/MMP-9 activity in two leukemic cell lines has been assessed in vitro. Materials and Methods: Human leukemic U937 and THP1 cells were cultured in complete RPMI medium. Then the cells at the exponential growth phase were incubated with different concentrations of LPS (0 - 4 μg/mL) for 48 hours. Then the level of VEGF production and MMP-2/MMP-9 activity in cell culture supernatants were evaluated with the ELISA standard kits and gelatin zymography respectively. Results: U937 cells have produced a large amount of VEGF without any stimulus and LPS has not shown any substantial effect on VEGF production by these cells. However THP1 cells have produced a small amount of VEGF without stimulation and LPS significantly has increased VEGF production in these cells dose-dependently. Moreover LPS significantly has augmented the MMP-2/MMP-9 activity in the both leukemic cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Our results have shown that LPS might be a potential inducer/enhancer of VEGF production and MMP-2/MMP-9 activity (angiogenic factors) in leukemia. Moreover the LPS effect on angiogenesis might be in part, due to its stimulatory effects on VEGF and MMPs. Overall LPS-stimulated leukemic cells might be good models for study and planning the useful therapeutic approaches for angiogenesis- dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajighasemi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IR Iran
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Li G, Li T, Li Y, Cai S, Zhang Z, Zeng Z, Wang X, Gao Y, Li Y, Chen Z. Ulinastatin inhibits oxidant-induced endothelial hyperpermeability and apoptotic signaling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:7342-7350. [PMID: 25550770 PMCID: PMC4270631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidants are important signaling molecules known to increase endothelial permeability. Studies implicate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the intrinsic apoptotic signaling cascades as mediators of vascular hyperpermeability. Here we report the protective effects of ulinastatin, a serine protease inhibitor with antiapoptotic properties, against oxidant-induced endothelial monolayer hyperpermeability. HUVECs were respectively pretreated with 10,000 and 50,000 u/l ulinastatin, followed by stimulation of 0.6 mM H₂O₂. Monolayer permeability was determined by transendothelial electrical resistance (TER); Mitochondrial release of cytochrome c was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Caspase-3 activity was measured by fluorometric assay; Adherens junction protein β-catenin was detected by immunofluorescense staining; Ratio of cell apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin-V/PI double stain assay; Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was determined with JC-1; Intracellular ATP content was assayed by a commercial kit; Bax and Bcl-2 expression were estimated by western blotting; Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured by DCFH-DA. H₂O₂ exposure resulted in endothelial hyperpermeability and ROS formation (P < 0.05). The activation of mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway was evidenced from BAX up-regulation, Bcl-2 down-regulation, mitochondrial depolarization, an increase in cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-3 (P < 0.05). UTI (50,000 u/l) attenuated endothelial hyperpermeability, ROS formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3, and disruption of cell adherens junctions (P < 0.05). Together, these results demonstrate that UTI provides protection against vascular hyperpermeability by modulating the intrinsic apoptotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicheng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translation MedicineChenzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translation MedicineChenzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translation MedicineChenzhou, China
| | - Shumin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translation MedicineChenzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xingmin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of LiuzhouLiu Zhou, China
| | - Youguang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translation MedicineChenzhou, China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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