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Wichmann G, Rudolph J, Henger S, Engel C, Wirkner K, Wenning JR, Zeynalova S, Wiegand S, Loeffler M, Wald T, Dietz A. Is High-Risk Sexual Behavior a Risk Factor for Oropharyngeal Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3356. [PMID: 37444466 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Several lines of evidence established a link between high-risk (HR) sexual behavior (SB), the persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in saliva, and the presence of oncogenic HR-HPV subtypes in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). A highly influential case-control study by D'Souza et al. comparing OPSCC patients and ENT patients with benign diseases (hospital controls) established HR-SB as a putative etiological risk factor for OPSCC. Aiming to replicate their findings in a nested case-control study of OPSCC patients and propensity score (PS)-matched unaffected controls from a large population-based German cohort study, we here demonstrate discrepant findings regarding HR-SB in OPSCC. (2) Methods: According to the main risk factors for HNSCC (age, sex, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption) PS-matched healthy controls invited from the population-based cohort study LIFE and HNSCC (including OPSCC) patients underwent interviews, using AUDIT and Fagerström, as well as questionnaires asking for SB categories as published. Afterwards, by newly calculating PSs for the same four risk factors, we matched each OPSCC patient with two healthy controls and compared responses utilizing chi-squared tests and logistic regression. (3) Results: The HNSCC patients and controls showed significant differences in sex distribution, chronologic age, tobacco-smoking history (pack years), and alcohol dependence (based on AUDIT score). However, PS-matching decreased the differences between OPSCC patients and controls substantially. Despite confirming that OPSCC patients were more likely to self-report their first sexual intercourse before age 18, we found no association between OPSCC and HR-SB, neither for practicing oral-sex, having an increased number of oral- or vaginal-sex partners, nor for having casual sex or having any sexually transmitted disease. (4) Conclusions: Our data, by showing a low prevalence of HR-SB in OPSCC patients, confirm findings from other European studies that differ substantially from North American case-control studies. HR-SB alone may not add excess risk for developing OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Wichmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jasmin Rudolph
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Henger
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John Ross Wenning
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Samira Zeynalova
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Wiegand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theresa Wald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 10-14, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Bedard MC, Chihanga T, Carlile A, Jackson R, Brusadelli MG, Lee D, VonHandorf A, Rochman M, Dexheimer PJ, Chalmers J, Nuovo G, Lehn M, Williams DEJ, Kulkarni A, Carey M, Jackson A, Billingsley C, Tang A, Zender C, Patil Y, Wise-Draper TM, Herzog TJ, Ferris RL, Kendler A, Aronow BJ, Kofron M, Rothenberg ME, Weirauch MT, Van Doorslaer K, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Lambert PF, Adam M, Steven Potter S, Wells SI. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of HPV16-infected epithelium identifies a keratinocyte subpopulation implicated in cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1975. [PMID: 37031202 PMCID: PMC10082832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent HPV16 infection is a major cause of the global cancer burden. The viral life cycle is dependent on the differentiation program of stratified squamous epithelium, but the landscape of keratinocyte subpopulations which support distinct phases of the viral life cycle has yet to be elucidated. Here, single cell RNA sequencing of HPV16 infected compared to uninfected organoids identifies twelve distinct keratinocyte populations, with a subset mapped to reconstruct their respective 3D geography in stratified squamous epithelium. Instead of conventional terminally differentiated cells, an HPV-reprogrammed keratinocyte subpopulation (HIDDEN cells) forms the surface compartment and requires overexpression of the ELF3/ESE-1 transcription factor. HIDDEN cells are detected throughout stages of human carcinogenesis including primary human cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and HPV positive head and neck cancers, and a possible role in promoting viral carcinogenesis is supported by TCGA analyses. Single cell transcriptome information on HPV-infected versus uninfected epithelium will enable broader studies of the role of individual keratinocyte subpopulations in tumor virus infection and cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Bedard
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tafadzwa Chihanga
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Adrean Carlile
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Robert Jackson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Denis Lee
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrew VonHandorf
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Mark Rochman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Phillip J Dexheimer
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chalmers
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gerard Nuovo
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maria Lehn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - David E J Williams
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Medical Scientist Training M.D.-Ph.D. Program (MSTP), College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Molly Carey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Amanda Jackson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Caroline Billingsley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Alice Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Chad Zender
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yash Patil
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Trisha M Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Thomas J Herzog
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and The Perinatal Institute Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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3
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The E6 Oncoprotein of HPV16 AA-c Variant Regulates Cell Migration through the MINCR/miR-28-5p/RAP1B Axis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050963. [PMID: 35632705 PMCID: PMC9143115 DOI: 10.3390/v14050963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The E6 oncoprotein of HPV16 variants differentially alters the transcription of the genes involved in migration and non-coding RNAs such as lncRNAs. The role of the lncRNA MINCR in cervical cancer and its relationship with variants of oncogenic HPV remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the E6 oncoprotein of the AA-c variant of HPV16 in cell migration through the MINCR/miR-28-5p/RAP1B axis. To explore the functional role of MINCR in CC, we used an in vitro model of C33-A cells with exogenous expression of the E6 oncoprotein of the AA-c variant of HPV16. Interfering RNAs performed MINCR silencing, and the expression of miR-28-5p and RAP1B mRNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR. We found that C33-A/AA-c cells expressed MINCR 8-fold higher compared to the control cells. There is an inverse correlation between the expression of miR-28-5p and RAP1B in C33-A/AA-c cells. Our results suggest that MINCR might regulate the expression of RAP1B through the inhibition of miR-28-5p in CC cells expressing the E6 oncoprotein of HPV16 AA-c. We report, for the first time, that the MINCR/miR-28-5p/RAP1B axis positively regulates cell migration in CC-derived cells that express the E6 oncoprotein of the AA-c variant of HPV16.
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4
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The Potentials and Pitfalls of a Human Cervical Organoid Model Including Langerhans Cells. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121375. [PMID: 33271909 PMCID: PMC7761032 DOI: 10.3390/v12121375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culturing to capture a life-like experimental environment has become a versatile tool for basic and clinical research. Mucosal and skin tissues can be grown as “organoids” in a petri dish and serve a wide variety of research questions. Here, we report our experience with human cervical organoids which could also include an immune component, e.g., Langerhans cells. We employ commercially available human cervical keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as a myeloid cell line matured and purified into langerin-positive Langerhans cells. These are then seeded on a layer of keratinocytes with underlying dermal equivalent. Using about 10-fold more than the reported number in healthy cervical tissue (1–3%), we obtain differentiated cervical epithelium after 14 days with ~1% being Langerhans cells. We provide a detailed protocol for interested researchers to apply the described “aseptic” organoid model for all sorts of investigations—with or without Langerhans cells.
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5
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Dayer G, Masoom ML, Togtema M, Zehbe I. Virus-Host Protein-Protein Interactions between Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 A1 and D2/D3 Sub-Lineages: Variances and Similarities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7980. [PMID: 33121134 PMCID: PMC7663357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk strains of human papillomavirus are causative agents for cervical and other mucosal cancers, with type 16 being the most frequent. Compared to the European Prototype (EP; A1), the Asian-American (AA; D2/D3) sub-lineage seems to have increased abilities to promote carcinogenesis. Here, we studied protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between host proteins and sub-lineages of the key transforming E6 protein. We transduced human keratinocyte with EP or AA E6 genes and co-immunoprecipitated E6 proteins along with interacting cellular proteins to detect virus-host binding partners. AAE6 and EPE6 may have unique PPIs with host cellular proteins, conferring gain or loss of function and resulting in varied abilities to promote carcinogenesis. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and stringent interactor selection criteria based on the number of peptides, we identified 25 candidates: 6 unique to AAE6 and EPE6, along with 13 E6 targets common to both. A novel approach based on pathway selection discovered 171 target proteins: 90 unique AAE6 and 61 unique EPE6 along with 20 common E6 targets. Interpretations were made using databases, such as UniProt, BioGRID, and Reactome. Detected E6 targets were differentially implicated in important hallmarks of cancer: deregulating Notch signaling, energetics and hypoxia, DNA replication and repair, and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Dayer
- Biology Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada; (M.L.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Mehran L. Masoom
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada; (M.L.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Melissa Togtema
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada; (M.L.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Biology Department, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada; (M.L.M.); (M.T.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
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6
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Jackson R, Eade S, Zehbe I. An epithelial organoid model with Langerhans cells for assessing virus-host interactions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180288. [PMID: 30955491 PMCID: PMC6501905 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) may lead to cancer in mucosal and skin tissue. Consequently, HPV must have developed strategies to escape host immune surveillance. Nevertheless, most HPV infections are cleared by the infected host. Our laboratory investigates Langerhans cells (LCs), acting at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. We hypothesize that this first line of defence is vital for potential HPV elimination. As an alternative to animal models, we use smaller-scale epithelial organoids grown from human primary keratinocytes derived from various anatomical sites. This approach is amenable to large sample sizes-an essential aspect for scientific rigour and statistical power. To evaluate LCs phenotypically and molecularly during the viral life cycle and onset of carcinogenesis, we have included an engineered myeloid cell line with the ability to acquire an LC phenotype. This model is accurately tailored for the crucial time-window of early virus elimination in a complex organism and will shed more light on our long-standing research question of how naturally occurring HPV variants influence disease development. It may also be applied to other microorganism-host interaction research or enquiries of epithelium immunobiology. Finally, our continuously updated pathogen-host analysis tool enables state-of-the-art bioinformatics analyses of next-generation sequencing data. This article is part of the theme issue 'Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jackson
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, CanadaP7B 6V4
- Biotechnology Program, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, CanadaP7B 5E1
| | - Statton Eade
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, CanadaP7B 6V4
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, CanadaP7B 6V4
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, CanadaP7B 5E1
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7
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Murall CL, Jackson R, Zehbe I, Boulle N, Segondy M, Alizon S. Epithelial stratification shapes infection dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006646. [PMID: 30673699 PMCID: PMC6361466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections of stratified epithelia contribute to a large group of common diseases, such as dermatological conditions and sexually transmitted diseases. To investigate how epithelial structure affects infection dynamics, we develop a general ecology-inspired model for stratified epithelia. Our model allows us to simulate infections, explore new hypotheses and estimate parameters that are difficult to measure with tissue cell cultures. We focus on two contrasting pathogens: Chlamydia trachomatis and Human papillomaviruses (HPV). Using cervicovaginal parameter estimates, we find that key infection symptoms can be explained by differential interactions with the layers, while clearance and pathogen burden appear to be bottom-up processes. Cell protective responses to infections (e.g. mucus trapping) generally lowered pathogen load but there were specific effects based on infection strategies. Our modeling approach opens new perspectives for 3D tissue culture experimental systems of infections and, more generally, for developing and testing hypotheses related to infections of stratified epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Jackson
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Biotechnology Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathalie Boulle
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Segondy
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, INSERM, EFS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Samuel Alizon
- Laboratoire MIVEGEC (UMR CNRS 5290, IRD, UM), Montpellier, France
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8
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Villa PL, Jackson R, Eade S, Escott N, Zehbe I. Isolation of Biopsy-Derived, Human Cervical Keratinocytes Propagated as Monolayer and Organoid Cultures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17869. [PMID: 30552408 PMCID: PMC6294766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful isolation and propagation of patient-derived keratinocytes from cervical lesions constitute a more appropriate model of cervical disease than traditional cervical cancer-derived cell lines such as SiHa and CaSki. Our aim was to streamline the growth of patient-obtained, cervical keratinocytes into a reproducible process. We performed an observational case series study with 60 women referred to colposcopy for a diagnostic biopsy. Main outcome measures were how many samples could be passaged at least once (n = 11), and where enough cells could be established, to precisely define their proliferation profile over time (n = 3). Altering cell culture conditions over those reported by other groups markedly improved outcomes. We were also successful in making freeze backs which could be resuscitated to successfully propagate multi-layered, organoids from cervical keratinocytes (n = 3). For best results, biopsy-intrinsic factors such as size and tissue digestion appear to be major variables. This seems to be the first systematic report with a well characterized and defined sample size, detailed protocol, and carefully assessed cell yield and performance. This research is particularly impactful for constituting a sample repository-on-demand for appropriate disease modelling and drug screening under the umbrella of personalized health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Villa
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Robert Jackson
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.,Biotechnology Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Statton Eade
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.,Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Nicholas Escott
- Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 5E1, Canada. .,Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.
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9
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LeConte BA, Szaniszlo P, Fennewald SM, Lou DI, Qiu S, Chen NW, Lee JH, Resto VA. Differences in the viral genome between HPV-positive cervical and oropharyngeal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203403. [PMID: 30161236 PMCID: PMC6117069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven oropharyngeal cancer incidence in the United States has steadily increased in the past decades and has now become the most frequently diagnosed HPV-associated cancer type, surpassing cervical cancer. Variations in the HPV genome correlate with tumorigenic risk, and the distribution of genetic variants is extensively studied in cervical cancer, but very little is known about new mutations or the distribution of HPV types and variants in oropharyngeal cancer. Here we present an archival tissue cohort study that compares genomic characteristics of HPV associated with cervical versus oropharyngeal tumors using DNA sequence analysis. We found HPV16 to be more prevalent in oropharyngeal samples than in cervical samples (91.2% versus 52.9%), while HPV18 (1.5% versus 18.2%) and HPV45 (0.7% versus 9.9%) were much less prevalent. Differences between cervix and oropharynx in HPV16 variants distribution were more subtle, but the combined European + Asian (EUR+AS) variant group was more prevalent (90.2% versus 71.4%), while the American Asian 1 + American Asian 2 (AA1+AA2) variant group was much less prevalent (4.4% versus 22.5%) in oropharyngeal cancers. HPV prevalence in oropharyngeal cancers showed an increasing trend from 60% in 2003 to 80% in 2016. We also identified over nine times more nonsynonymous mutations in the HPV E6 gene amplified from oropharyngeal samples, but for E7 the difference in mutation rates between the two anatomical locations was not significant. Overall, we showed that HPV genome in oropharyngeal cancer presents important differences when compared to cervical cancer and this may explain the distinct pathomechanisms and susceptibility to treatment of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A. LeConte
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Szaniszlo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Fennewald
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dianne I. Lou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nai-Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John H. Lee
- Department of Adult Medical Affairs, Chan Soon-Shiong Institute of Molecular Medicine, Culver City, California, United States of America
| | - Vicente A. Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Togtema M, Jackson R, Grochowski J, Villa PL, Mellerup M, Chattopadhyaya J, Zehbe I. Synthetic siRNA targeting human papillomavirus 16 E6: a perspective on in vitro nanotherapeutic approaches. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:455-474. [PMID: 29382252 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses infect skin and mucosa, causing approximately 5% of cancers worldwide. In the search for targeted nanotherapeutic approaches, siRNAs against the viral E6 transcript have been molecules of interest but have not yet seen successful translation into the clinic. By reviewing the past approximately 15 years of in vitro literature, we identify the need for siRNA validation protocols which concurrently evaluate ranges of key treatment parameters as well as characterize downstream process restoration in a methodical, quantitative manner and demonstrate their implementation using our own data. We also reflect on the future need for more appropriate cell culture models to represent patient lesions as well as the application of personalized approaches to identify optimal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Togtema
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.,Biotechnology Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Robert Jackson
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.,Biotechnology Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jessica Grochowski
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Peter L Villa
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.,Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Miranda Mellerup
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada
| | - Jyoti Chattopadhyaya
- Program of Chemical Biology, Institute of Cell & Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Probe Development & Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 6V4, Canada.,Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
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11
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E6/E7 oncogenes in epithelial suprabasal layers and estradiol promote cervical growth and ear regeneration. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e374. [PMID: 28846079 PMCID: PMC5608921 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue growth is a common characteristic of carcinogenesis and regeneration. Here we show that suprabasal expression of human papillomavirus (HPV)16 E6/E7 oncogenes in Tg(K6b-E6/E7) mice, similar to that observed in HPV-infected human tissue, and estradiol increased cervical epithelium growth and ear-hole closure efficiency. Oncogenes in combination with estradiol had a significant contribution to the proliferation of suprabasal cells of cervical epithelium that correlated with an increased expression of keratin genes. Remarkably, long-term treatments with estradiol resulted in evident cellular and tissue abnormalities indicative of a precancerous phenotype. Regenerating ear epithelium of transgenic mice also showed increased suprabasal cell proliferation and expression of keratin genes. Unexpectedly, we observed higher ear regeneration efficiency in adult than in young female mice, which was further increased by E6/E7 oncogenes. Supporting a role of estradiol in this phenomenon, ovariectomy and treatment with an estrogen receptor inhibitor caused a significant reduction in regenerative capacity. Our data suggest that Tg(K6b-E6/E7) mice are unique to mimic the initial stages of HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis, and ear regeneration could facilitate the elucidation of mechanisms involved.
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12
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Variation of HPV Subtypes with Focus on HPV-Infection and Cancer in the Head and Neck Region. Recent Results Cancer Res 2017; 206:113-122. [PMID: 27699533 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) comprises a heterogeneous group of double-strand DNA viruses with variable potential to infect human epithelial cells and trigger neoplastic transformation. Its 8 kb genome encodes proteins required for virus replication and self-organized formation of infectious particles but also for early proteins E6 and E7 able to trigger neoplastic transformation. E6 and E7 of high-risk (HR) HPV subtypes can bind to p53 or release E2F and abrogate replication control. Due to variable amino acid sequence (AAS) in the binding sites of E6 and E7 particular HR-HPV variants within subtypes are essentially heterogeneous in efficacy triggering neoplastic transformation and cancer development. This could explain differences in the clinical course of HPV-driven head and neck cancer.
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13
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14
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Alfaro A, Juárez-Torres E, Medina-Martínez I, Mateos-Guerrero N, Bautista-Huerta M, Román-Bassaure E, Villegas-Sepúlveda N, Berumen J. Different Association of Human Papillomavirus 16 Variants with Early and Late Presentation of Cervical Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169315. [PMID: 28036379 PMCID: PMC5201311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The median age of cervical cancer (CC) presentation coincides with the mean age of menopause presentation (49 years) in Mexico. Here, we investigated the association between different HPV16 variants and early (≤ 49 years) or delayed (≥ 50 years) CC presentation. We conducted a case-case study that included 462 CCs, 386 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 63 adenocarcinomas (ACC), and 13 additional cell types. Variants were identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. The risk conferred by each variant for developing CC earlier than 50 years was analyzed using a univariate logistic regression model considering old-aged patients (≥ 50 years) and non-HPV16 cases as the reference variables. Overall, the frequency of HPV16 was 50.9%, and the only identified variants were the European A1/2 (31.2%) and the Asian-American D2 (10.8%), and D3 (8.9%). D2 was mainly associated with ≤ 49-year-old patients (15.9%); A1/2 was uniformly distributed between the two age groups (~31%), whereas D3 increased with age to a frequency of 11.8% in the older group. Only the D2 variant conferred a 3.3-fold increase in the risk of developing CC before 50 years of age (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.7-6.6, p < 0.001) in relation with non-HPV16 cases. Remarkably, this risk was higher for ACC (OR = 6.0, 95% CI = 1.1-33, p < 0.05) than for SCC (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.3-5.9, p < 0.01). Interestingly, when analyzing only the HPV16-positive CC, D2 increases (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2-5, p < 0.05) and D3 decreases (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.2-0.9, p < 0.05) the risk to develop CC before 50 years old in relation with A1/2 variant. These results indicated that D2 variant is associated with early and D3 with delayed CC presentation, whereas A1/2 variant was uniformly distributed between the two age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alfaro
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / Hospital General de México, México City, México
| | - Eligia Juárez-Torres
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / Hospital General de México, México City, México
| | - Ingrid Medina-Martínez
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / Hospital General de México, México City, México
| | - Norma Mateos-Guerrero
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / Hospital General de México, México City, México
| | - Maura Bautista-Huerta
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / Hospital General de México, México City, México
| | | | - Nicolás Villegas-Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Jaime Berumen
- Unidad de Medicina Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / Hospital General de México, México City, México
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
- * E-mail:
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15
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Senapati R, Senapati NN, Dwibedi B. Molecular mechanisms of HPV mediated neoplastic progression. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:59. [PMID: 27933097 PMCID: PMC5123406 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus is the major etiological agent in the development of cervical cancer but not a sufficient cause. Despite significant research, the underlying mechanisms of progression from a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion to high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion are yet to be understood. Deregulation of viral gene expression and host genomic instability play a central role in virus-mediated carcinogenesis. Key events such as viral integration and epigenetic modifications may lead to the deregulation of viral and host gene expression. This review has summarized the available literature to describe the possible mechanism and role of viral integration in mediating carcinogenesis. HPV integration begins with DNA damage or double strand break induced either by oxidative stress or HPV proteins and the subsequent steps are driven by the DNA damage responses. Inflammation and oxidative stress could be considered as cofactors in stimulating viral integration and deregulation of cellular and viral oncogenes during the progression of cervical carcinoma. All these events together with the host and viral genetic and epigenetic modifications in neoplastic progression have also been reviewed which may be relevant in identifying a new preventive therapeutic strategy. In the absence of therapeutic intervention for HPV-infected individuals, future research focus should be directed towards preventing and reversing of HPV integration. DNA damage response, knocking out integrated HPV sequences, siRNA approach, modulating the selection mechanism of cells harboring integrated genomes and epigenetic modifiers are the possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmirani Senapati
- Virology Division, Regional Medical Research centre (ICMR), Nalco square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023 Odisha India
| | | | - Bhagirathi Dwibedi
- Virology Division, Regional Medical Research centre (ICMR), Nalco square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 751023 Odisha India
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16
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Jackson R, Rosa BA, Lameiras S, Cuninghame S, Bernard J, Floriano WB, Lambert PF, Nicolas A, Zehbe I. Functional variants of human papillomavirus type 16 demonstrate host genome integration and transcriptional alterations corresponding to their unique cancer epidemiology. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:851. [PMID: 27806689 PMCID: PMC5094076 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3203-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a worldwide burden as they are a widespread group of tumour viruses in humans. Having a tropism for mucosal tissues, high-risk HPVs are detected in nearly all cervical cancers. HPV16 is the most common high-risk type but not all women infected with high-risk HPV develop a malignant tumour. Likely relevant, HPV genomes are polymorphic and some HPV16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are under evolutionary constraint instigating variable oncogenicity and immunogenicity in the infected host. RESULTS To investigate the tumourigenicity of two common HPV16 variants, we used our recently developed, three-dimensional organotypic model reminiscent of the natural HPV infectious cycle and conducted various "omics" and bioinformatics approaches. Based on epidemiological studies we chose to examine the HPV16 Asian-American (AA) and HPV16 European Prototype (EP) variants. They differ by three non-synonymous SNPs in the transforming and virus-encoded E6 oncogene where AAE6 is classified as a high- and EPE6 as a low-risk variant. Remarkably, the high-risk AAE6 variant genome integrated into the host DNA, while the low-risk EPE6 variant genome remained episomal as evidenced by highly sensitive Capt-HPV sequencing. RNA-seq experiments showed that the truncated form of AAE6, integrated in chromosome 5q32, produced a local gene over-expression and a large variety of viral-human fusion transcripts, including long distance spliced transcripts. In addition, differential enrichment of host cell pathways was observed between both HPV16 E6 variant-containing epithelia. Finally, in the high-risk variant, we detected a molecular signature of host chromosomal instability, a common property of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We show how naturally occurring SNPs in the HPV16 E6 oncogene cause significant changes in the outcome of HPV infections and subsequent viral and host transcriptome alterations prone to drive carcinogenesis. Host genome instability is closely linked to viral integration into the host genome of HPV-infected cells, which is a key phenomenon for malignant cellular transformation and the reason for uncontrolled E6 oncogene expression. In particular, the finding of variant-specific integration potential represents a new paradigm in HPV variant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jackson
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.,Biotechnology Program, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Rosa
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonia Lameiras
- NGS platform, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, Cedex, France
| | - Sean Cuninghame
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josee Bernard
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wely B Floriano
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alain Nicolas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3244, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. .,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
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17
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Zacapala-Gómez AE, Del Moral-Hernández O, Villegas-Sepúlveda N, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Romero-Córdoba SL, Beltrán-Anaya FO, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Alarcón-Romero LDC, Illades-Aguiar B. Changes in global gene expression profiles induced by HPV 16 E6 oncoprotein variants in cervical carcinoma C33-A cells. Virology 2015; 488:187-95. [PMID: 26655236 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of the expression of HPV 16 E6 oncoprotein variants (AA-a, AA-c, E-A176/G350, E-C188/G350, E-G350), and the E-Prototype in global gene expression profiles in an in vitro model. E6 gene was cloned into an expression vector fused to GFP and was transfected in C33-A cells. Affymetrix GeneChip Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 platform was used to analyze the expression of over 245,000 coding transcripts. We found that HPV16 E6 variants altered the expression of 387 different genes in comparison with E-Prototype. The altered genes are involved in cellular processes related to the development of cervical carcinoma, such as adhesion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation, transcription and protein translation. Our results show that polymorphic changes in HPV16 E6 natural variants are sufficient to alter the overall gene expression profile in C33-A cells, explaining in part the observed differences in oncogenic potential of HPV16 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elvira Zacapala-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro., México.
| | - Oscar Del Moral-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro., México.
| | - Nicolás Villegas-Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), México, D.F., México.
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México, D.F., México.
| | | | - Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México, D.F., México.
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro., México.
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Citopatología e Histoquímica, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro., México.
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Gro., México.
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18
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Kukimoto I, Muramatsu M. Genetic variations of human papillomavirus type 16: implications for cervical carcinogenesis. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 68:169-75. [PMID: 25766614 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agent of cervical cancer, and among approximately 15 high-risk genotypes, HPV16 accounts for more than half the cases of cervical cancer worldwide. Recent progress in determining HPV genomic sequences from clinical samples has revealed a wide variety in HPV16 genome sequences, and has allowed for comprehensive classification of intratype HPV16 variants. These consist of four variant lineages containing nucleotide variations in 1.0%-10.0% of the complete viral genome sequence. Epidemiological data suggest that the non-European-Asian lineages of HPV16 entail a higher risk of progression to invasive cervical cancer than the European-Asian lineage. Deep sequencing analysis has recently demonstrated that HPV16 genome sequences are highly homogeneous in individual clinical specimens compared with those of RNA viruses. However, an extremely sensitive PCR method, differential DNA denaturation PCR, has detected hypermutations from C to T or G to A in the E2 gene and the long control region of the HPV16 genome, which suggests the involvement of cellular apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins in this hypermutation. The quasispecies status of the HPV16 genome in the infected cervix may affect the development of cervical cancer and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Kukimoto
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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