1
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Fuentes-Jiménez DA, Salinas LS, Morales-Oliva E, Ramírez-Ramírez VA, Arciniega M, Navarro RE. Two predicted α-helices within the prion-like domain of TIAR-1 play a crucial role in its association with stress granules in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1265104. [PMID: 38161334 PMCID: PMC10757852 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1265104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are sites for mRNA storage, protection, and translation repression. TIA1 and TIAR1 are two RNA-binding proteins that are key players in SGs formation in mammals. TIA1/TIAR have a prion-like domain (PrD) in their C-terminal that promotes liquid-phase separation. Lack of any TIA1/TIAR has severe consequences in mice. However, it is not clear whether the failure to form proper SGs is the cause of any of these problems. We disrupted two predicted α-helices within the prion-like domain of the Caenohabditis elegans TIA1/TIAR homolog, TIAR-1, to test whether its association with SGs is important for the nematode. We found that tiar-1 PrD mutant animals continued to form TIAR-1 condensates under stress in the C. elegans gonad. Nonetheless, TIAR-1 condensates appeared fragile and disassembled quickly after stress. Apparently, the SGs continued to associate regularly as observed with CGH-1, an SG marker. Like tiar-1-knockout nematodes, tiar-1 PrD mutant animals exhibited fertility problems and a shorter lifespan. Notwithstanding this, tiar-1 PrD mutant nematodes were no sensitive to stress. Our data demonstrate that the predicted prion-like domain of TIAR-1 is important for its association with stress granules. Moreover, this domain may also play a significant role in various TIAR-1 functions unrelated to stress, such as fertility, embryogenesis and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Fuentes-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L. S. Salinas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E. Morales-Oliva
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - V. A. Ramírez-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. Arciniega
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R. E. Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Zheng H, Peng K, Gou X, Ju C, Zhang H. RNA recruitment switches the fate of protein condensates from autophagic degradation to accumulation. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202210104. [PMID: 37014300 PMCID: PMC10075224 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202210104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein condensates can evade autophagic degradation under stress or pathological conditions. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RNAs switch the fate of condensates in Caenorhabditis elegans. PGL granules undergo autophagic degradation in embryos laid under normal conditions and accumulate in embryos laid under heat stress conditions to confer stress adaptation. In heat-stressed embryos, mRNAs and RNA control factors partition into PGL granules. Depleting proteins involved in mRNA biogenesis and stability suppresses PGL granule accumulation and triggers their autophagic degradation, while loss of activity of proteins involved in RNA turnover facilitates accumulation. RNAs facilitate LLPS of PGL granules, enhance their liquidity, and also inhibit recruitment of the gelation-promoting scaffold protein EPG-2 to PGL granules. Thus, RNAs are important for controlling the susceptibility of phase-separated protein condensates to autophagic degradation. Our work provides insights into the accumulation of ribonucleoprotein aggregates associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangfu Peng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Gou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ju
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Borbolis F, Ranti D, Papadopoulou MD, Dimopoulou S, Malatras A, Michalopoulos I, Syntichaki P. Selective Destabilization of Transcripts by mRNA Decapping Regulates Oocyte Maturation and Innate Immunity Gene Expression during Ageing in C. elegans. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020171. [PMID: 36829450 PMCID: PMC9952881 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Removal of the 5' cap structure of RNAs (termed decapping) is a pivotal event in the life of cytoplasmic mRNAs mainly catalyzed by a conserved holoenzyme, composed of the catalytic subunit DCP2 and its essential cofactor DCP1. While decapping was initially considered merely a step in the general 5'-3' mRNA decay, recent data suggest a great degree of selectivity that plays an active role in the post-transcriptional control of gene expression, and regulates multiple biological functions. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans have shown that old age is accompanied by the accumulation of decapping factors in cytoplasmic RNA granules, and loss of decapping activity shortens the lifespan. However, the link between decapping and ageing remains elusive. Here, we present a comparative microarray study that was aimed to uncover the differences in the transcriptome of mid-aged dcap-1/DCP1 mutant and wild-type nematodes. Our data indicate that DCAP-1 mediates the silencing of spermatogenic genes during late oogenesis, and suppresses the aberrant uprise of immunity gene expression during ageing. The latter is achieved by destabilizing the mRNA that encodes the transcription factor PQM-1 and impairing its nuclear translocation. Failure to exert decapping-mediated control on PQM-1 has a negative impact on the lifespan, but mitigates the toxic effects of polyglutamine expression that are involved in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fivos Borbolis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Ranti
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sofia Dimopoulou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Malatras
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Michalopoulos
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (P.S.); Tel.: +30-21-0659-7127 (I.M.); +30-21-0659-7474 (P.S.)
| | - Popi Syntichaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (P.S.); Tel.: +30-21-0659-7127 (I.M.); +30-21-0659-7474 (P.S.)
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4
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Vidya E, Duchaine TF. Eukaryotic mRNA Decapping Activation. Front Genet 2022; 13:832547. [PMID: 35401681 PMCID: PMC8984151 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.832547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5′-terminal cap is a fundamental determinant of eukaryotic gene expression which facilitates cap-dependent translation and protects mRNAs from exonucleolytic degradation. Enzyme-directed hydrolysis of the cap (decapping) decisively affects mRNA expression and turnover, and is a heavily regulated event. Following the identification of the decapping holoenzyme (Dcp1/2) over two decades ago, numerous studies revealed the complexity of decapping regulation across species and cell types. A conserved set of Dcp1/2-associated proteins, implicated in decapping activation and molecular scaffolding, were identified through genetic and molecular interaction studies, and yet their exact mechanisms of action are only emerging. In this review, we discuss the prevailing models on the roles and assembly of decapping co-factors, with considerations of conservation across species and comparison across physiological contexts. We next discuss the functional convergences of decapping machineries with other RNA-protein complexes in cytoplasmic P bodies and compare current views on their impact on mRNA stability and translation. Lastly, we review the current models of decapping activation and highlight important gaps in our current understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Vidya
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas F. Duchaine
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Thomas F. Duchaine,
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5
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Abbatemarco S, Bondaz A, Schwager F, Wang J, Hammell CM, Gotta M. PQN-59 and GTBP-1 contribute to stress granule formation but are not essential for their assembly in C. elegans embryos. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273437. [PMID: 34661238 PMCID: PMC8645233 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
When exposed to stressful conditions, eukaryotic cells respond by inducing the formation of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes called stress granules. Here, we use C. elegans to study two proteins that are important for stress granule assembly in human cells – PQN-59, the human UBAP2L ortholog, and GTBP-1, the human G3BP1 and G3BP2 ortholog. Both proteins assemble into stress granules in the embryo and in the germline when C. elegans is exposed to stressful conditions. Neither of the two proteins is essential for the assembly of stress-induced granules, as shown by the single and combined depletions by RNAi, and neither pqn-59 nor gtbp-1 mutant embryos show higher sensitivity to stress than control embryos. We find that pqn-59 mutants display reduced progeny and a high percentage of embryonic lethality, phenotypes that are not dependent on stress exposure and that are not shared with gtbp-1 mutants. Our data indicate that, in contrast to human cells, PQN-59 and GTBP-1 are not required for stress granule formation but that PQN-59 is important for C. elegans development. Summary: In contrast to human cells, where the UBAP2L and G3BP1 and G3BP2 proteins are crucial nucleators of stress granules, the C. elegans orthologs are not essential for this process in worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Abbatemarco
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Bondaz
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francoise Schwager
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY 11724, USA
| | | | - Monica Gotta
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,iGE3 Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Matsumoto S, Sugimoto N. New Insights into the Functions of Nucleic Acids Controlled by Cellular Microenvironments. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:17. [PMID: 33782792 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-021-00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The right-handed double-helical B-form structure (B-form duplex) has been widely recognized as the canonical structure of nucleic acids since it was first proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. This B-form duplex model has a monochronic and static structure and codes genetic information within a sequence. Interestingly, DNA and RNA can form various non-canonical structures, such as hairpin loops, left-handed helices, triplexes, tetraplexes of G-quadruplex and i-motif, and branched junctions, in addition to the canonical structure. The formation of non-canonical structures depends not only on sequence but also on the surrounding environment. Importantly, these non-canonical structures may exhibit a wide variety of biological roles by changing their structures and stabilities in response to the surrounding environments, which undergo vast changes at specific locations and at specific times in cells. Here, we review recent progress regarding the interesting behaviors and functions of nucleic acids controlled by molecularly crowded cellular conditions. New insights gained from recent studies suggest that nucleic acids not only code genetic information in sequences but also have unknown functions regarding their structures and stabilities through drastic structural changes in cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Matsumoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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7
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Borbolis F, Syntichaki P. Biological implications of decapping: beyond bulk mRNA decay. FEBS J 2021; 289:1457-1475. [PMID: 33660392 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that mRNA steady-state levels do not directly correlate with transcription rate. This is attributed to the multiple post-transcriptional mechanisms, which control both mRNA turnover and translation within eukaryotic cells. One such mechanism is the removal of the 5' end cap structure of RNAs (decapping). This 5' cap plays a fundamental role in cellular functions related to mRNA processing, transport, translation, quality control, and decay, while its chemical modifications influence the fate of cytoplasmic mRNAs. Decapping is a highly controlled process, performed by multiple decapping enzymes, and regulated by complex cellular networks. In this review, we provide an updated synopsis of 5' end modifications and functions, and give an overview of mRNA decapping enzymes, presenting their enzymatic properties. Focusing on DCP2 decapping enzyme, a major component on the 5'-3' mRNA decay pathway, we describe cis-elements and trans-acting factors that affect its activity, substrate specificity, and cellular localization. Finally, we discuss current knowledge on the biological functions of mRNA decapping and decay factors, highlighting the major questions that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fivos Borbolis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Popi Syntichaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens, Greece
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8
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Kuo C, You G, Jian Y, Chen T, Siao Y, Hsu A, Ching T. AMPK-mediated formation of stress granules is required for dietary restriction-induced longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13157. [PMID: 32432401 PMCID: PMC7294782 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are nonmembranous organelles that are dynamically assembled and disassembled in response to various stressors. Under stressed conditions, polyadenylated mRNAs and translation factors are sequestrated in SGs to promote global repression of protein synthesis. It has been previously demonstrated that SG formation enhances cell survival and stress resistance. However, the physiological role of SGs in organismal aging and longevity regulation remains unclear. In this study, we used TIAR‐1::GFP and GTBP‐1::GFP as markers to monitor the formation of SGs in Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that, in addition to acute heat stress, SG formation could also be triggered by dietary changes, such as starvation and dietary restriction (DR). We found that HSF‐1 is required for the SG formation in response to acute heat shock and starvation but not DR, whereas the AMPK‐eEF2K signaling is required for starvation and DR‐induced SG formation but not heat shock. Moreover, our data suggest that this AMPK‐eEF2K pathway‐mediated SG formation is required for lifespan extension by DR, but dispensable for the longevity by reduced insulin/IGF‐1 signaling. Collectively, our findings unveil a novel role of SG formation in DR‐induced longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐Ting Kuo
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Guan‐Ting You
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ying‐Jie Jian
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ting‐Shin Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Chen Siao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ao‐Lin Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology National Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
- Research Center for Healthy Aging and Institute of New Drug Development China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Tsui‐Ting Ching
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
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9
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Borbolis F, Rallis J, Kanatouris G, Kokla N, Karamalegkos A, Vasileiou C, Vakaloglou KM, Diallinas G, Stravopodis DJ, Zervas CG, Syntichaki P. mRNA decapping is an evolutionarily conserved modulator of neuroendocrine signaling that controls development and ageing. eLife 2020; 9:e53757. [PMID: 32366357 PMCID: PMC7200159 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic 5'-3' mRNA decay plays important roles during development and in response to stress, regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. In Caenorhabditis elegans, deficiency of DCAP-1/DCP1, the essential co-factor of the major cytoplasmic mRNA decapping enzyme, impacts normal development, stress survival and ageing. Here, we show that overexpression of dcap-1 in neurons of worms is sufficient to increase lifespan through the function of the insulin/IGF-like signaling and its effector DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor. Neuronal DCAP-1 affects basal levels of INS-7, an ageing-related insulin-like peptide, which acts in the intestine to determine lifespan. Short-lived dcap-1 mutants exhibit a neurosecretion-dependent upregulation of intestinal ins-7 transcription, and diminished nuclear localization of DAF-16/FOXO. Moreover, neuronal overexpression of DCP1 in Drosophila melanogaster confers longevity in adults, while neuronal DCP1 deficiency shortens lifespan and affects wing morphogenesis, cell non-autonomously. Our genetic analysis in two model-organisms suggests a critical and conserved function of DCAP-1/DCP1 in developmental events and lifespan modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fivos Borbolis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - John Rallis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - George Kanatouris
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Nikolitsa Kokla
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Antonis Karamalegkos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Christina Vasileiou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of ThraceAlex/polisGreece
| | - Katerina M Vakaloglou
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
| | - George Diallinas
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Dimitrios J Stravopodis
- Department of Biology, School of Science, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Christos G Zervas
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
| | - Popi Syntichaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic ResearchAthensGreece
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10
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Rieckher M, Markaki M, Princz A, Schumacher B, Tavernarakis N. Maintenance of Proteostasis by P Body-Mediated Regulation of eIF4E Availability during Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Rep 2020; 25:199-211.e6. [PMID: 30282029 PMCID: PMC6180348 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a pervasive collapse of proteostasis, while reducing general protein synthesis promotes longevity across taxa. Here, we show that the eIF4E isoform IFE-2 is increasingly sequestered in mRNA processing (P) bodies during aging and upon stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Loss of the enhancer of mRNA decapping EDC-3 causes further entrapment of IFE-2 in P bodies and lowers protein synthesis rates in somatic tissues. Animals lacking EDC-3 are long lived and stress resistant, congruent with IFE-2-deficient mutants. Notably, neuron-specific expression of EDC-3 is sufficient to reverse lifespan extension, while sequestration of IFE-2 in neuronal P bodies counteracts age-related neuronal decline. The effects of mRNA decapping deficiency on stress resistance and longevity are orchestrated by a multimodal stress response involving the transcription factor SKN-1, which mediates lifespan extension upon reduced protein synthesis. Our findings elucidate a mechanism of proteostasis control during aging through P body-mediated regulation of protein synthesis in the soma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rieckher
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Greece; Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Markaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Andrea Princz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion 71110, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece.
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11
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Son HG, Altintas O, Kim EJE, Kwon S, Lee SV. Age-dependent changes and biomarkers of aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12853. [PMID: 30734981 PMCID: PMC6413654 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is an exceptionally valuable model for aging research because of many advantages, including its genetic tractability, short lifespan, and clear age‐dependent physiological changes. Aged C. elegans display a decline in their anatomical and functional features, including tissue integrity, motility, learning and memory, and immunity. Caenorhabditis elegans also exhibit many age‐associated changes in the expression of microRNAs and stress‐responsive genes and in RNA and protein quality control systems. Many of these age‐associated changes provide information on the health of the animals and serve as valuable biomarkers for aging research. Here, we review the age‐dependent changes in C. elegans and their utility as aging biomarkers indicative of the physiological status of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heehwa G. Son
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - Ozlem Altintas
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - Eun Ji E. Kim
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - Sujeong Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
| | - Seung‐Jae V. Lee
- Department of Life Sciences Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang South Korea
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12
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Hu Z, Xia B, Postnikoff SD, Shen ZJ, Tomoiaga AS, Harkness TA, Seol JH, Li W, Chen K, Tyler JK. Ssd1 and Gcn2 suppress global translation efficiency in replicatively aged yeast while their activation extends lifespan. eLife 2018; 7:35551. [PMID: 30117416 PMCID: PMC6097839 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational efficiency correlates with longevity, yet its role in lifespan determination remains unclear. Using ribosome profiling, translation efficiency is globally reduced during replicative aging in budding yeast by at least two mechanisms: Firstly, Ssd1 is induced during aging, sequestering mRNAs to P-bodies. Furthermore, Ssd1 overexpression in young cells reduced translation and extended lifespan, while loss of Ssd1 reduced the translational deficit of old cells and shortened lifespan. Secondly, phosphorylation of eIF2α, mediated by the stress kinase Gcn2, was elevated in old cells, contributing to the global reduction in translation without detectable induction of the downstream Gcn4 transcriptional activator. tRNA overexpression activated Gcn2 in young cells and extended lifespan in a manner dependent on Gcn4. Moreover, overexpression of Gcn4 sufficed to extend lifespan in an autophagy-dependent manner in the absence of changes in global translation, indicating that Gcn4-mediated autophagy induction is the ultimate downstream target of activated Gcn2, to extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Bo Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Spike Dl Postnikoff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Zih-Jie Shen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Alin S Tomoiaga
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States.,Manhattan College, Bronx, United States
| | - Troy A Harkness
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Ja Hwan Seol
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, United States.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jessica K Tyler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
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13
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Falcone C, Mazzoni C. RNA stability and metabolism in regulated cell death, aging and diseases. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 18:4978431. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Falcone
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185-Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzoni
- Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185-Rome, Italy
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14
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Reduced Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling Restores the Dynamic Properties of Key Stress Granule Proteins during Aging. Cell Rep 2017; 18:454-467. [PMID: 28076789 PMCID: PMC5263236 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-complexity "prion-like" domains in key RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) mediate the reversible assembly of RNA granules. Individual RBPs harboring these domains have been linked to specific neurodegenerative diseases. Although their aggregation in neurodegeneration has been extensively characterized, it remains unknown how the process of aging disturbs RBP dynamics. We show that a wide variety of RNA granule components, including stress granule proteins, become highly insoluble with age in C. elegans and that reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) daf-2 receptor signaling efficiently prevents their aggregation. Importantly, stress-granule-related RBP aggregates are associated with reduced fitness. We show that heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF-1) is a main regulator of stress-granule-related RBP aggregation in both young and aged animals. During aging, increasing DAF-16 activity restores dynamic stress-granule-related RBPs, partly by decreasing the buildup of other misfolded proteins that seed RBP aggregation. Longevity-associated mechanisms found to maintain dynamic RBPs during aging could be relevant for neurodegenerative diseases.
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15
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Villanueva-Chimal E, Salinas LS, Fernández-Cardenas LP, Huelgas-Morales G, Cabrera-Wrooman A, Navarro RE. DPFF-1 transcription factor deficiency causes the aberrant activation of MPK-1 and meiotic defects in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. Genesis 2017; 55. [PMID: 28940692 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The d4 family of transcription factors consists of three members in mammals. DPF1/neuro-d4 is expressed mainly in neurons and the peripheral nervous system, and is important for brain development. DPF2/requiem/ubi-d4 is expressed ubiquitously and presumably functions as an apoptotic factor, especially during the deprivation of trophic factors. DPF3/cer-d4 is expressed in neurons and in the heart, and is important for heart development and function in zebrafish. In Drosophila, there is only one member, dd4, whose function is still unknown, but it is expressed in many tissues and is particularly abundant in the brain of developing embryos and in adults. Here, we present DPFF-1, the only member of this family of proteins in the nematode C. elegans. DPFF-1 is similar to its mammalian homolog DPF2/requiem/ubi-d4 because it is ubiquitously expressed during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, and because it is important for the induction of germ cell apoptosis during stress. Here, we show that dpff-1 null mutant animals produce less progeny than wild-type nematodes, presumably due to meiotic defects. Gonads of dpff-1 deficient animals showed more germ cells in pachytene and overexpressed the P-MPK-1 signal. Additionally, these animals presented higher levels of p53-induced germ cell apoptosis than wild-type animals. Furthermore, we observed that dpff-1 deficient animals are more sensitive to heat shock. This is the first report showing that the d4 family of transcription factors could be involved in meiosis and stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Villanueva-Chimal
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Laura S Salinas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Laura P Fernández-Cardenas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Gabriela Huelgas-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Alejandro Cabrera-Wrooman
- Laboratorio de Tejido Conjuntivo, Centro Nacional de Investigación y Atención de Quemados, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra,", México, D.F, México
| | - Rosa E Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
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16
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Johnston WL, Krizus A, Ramani AK, Dunham W, Youn JY, Fraser AG, Gingras AC, Dennis JW. C. elegans SUP-46, an HNRNPM family RNA-binding protein that prevents paternally-mediated epigenetic sterility. BMC Biol 2017; 15:61. [PMID: 28716093 PMCID: PMC5513350 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to DNA, gametes contribute epigenetic information in the form of histones and non-coding RNA. Epigenetic programs often respond to stressful environmental conditions and provide a heritable history of ancestral stress that allows for adaptation and propagation of the species. In the nematode C. elegans, defective epigenetic transmission often manifests as progressive germline mortality. We previously isolated sup-46 in a screen for suppressors of the hexosamine pathway gene mutant, gna-2(qa705). In this study, we examine the role of SUP-46 in stress resistance and progressive germline mortality. RESULTS We identified SUP-46 as an HNRNPM family RNA-binding protein, and uncovered a highly novel role for SUP-46 in preventing paternally-mediated progressive germline mortality following mating. Proximity biotinylation profiling of human homologs (HNRNPM, MYEF2) identified proteins of ribonucleoprotein complexes previously shown to contain non-coding RNA. Like HNRNPM and MYEF2, SUP-46 was associated with multiple RNA granules, including stress granules, and also formed granules on active chromatin. SUP-46 depletion disrupted germ RNA granules and caused ectopic sperm, increased sperm transcripts, and chronic heat stress sensitivity. SUP-46 was also required for resistance to acute heat stress, and a conserved "MYEF2" motif was identified that was needed for stress resistance. CONCLUSIONS In mammals, non-coding RNA from the sperm of stressed males has been shown to recapitulate paternal stress phenotypes in the offspring. Our results suggest that HNRNPM family proteins enable stress resistance and paternally-mediated epigenetic transmission that may be conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L. Johnston
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Aldis Krizus
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Arun K. Ramani
- Centre for Computational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Wade Dunham
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Ji Young Youn
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Andrew G. Fraser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - James W. Dennis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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17
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Sampuda KM, Riley M, Boyd L. Stress induced nuclear granules form in response to accumulation of misfolded proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Cell Biol 2017; 18:18. [PMID: 28424053 PMCID: PMC5395811 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-017-0136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental stress can affect the viability or fecundity of an organism. Environmental stressors may affect the genome or the proteome and can cause cellular distress by contributing to protein damage or misfolding. This study examines the cellular response to environmental stress in the germline of the nematode, C. elegans. Results Salt stress, oxidative stress, and starvation, but not heat shock, induce the relocalization of ubiquitin, proteasome, and the TIAR-2 protein into distinct subnuclear regions referred to as stress induced nuclear granules (SINGs). The SINGs form within 1 h of stress initiation and do not require intertissue signaling. K48-linked polyubiquitin chains but not K63 chains are enriched in SINGs. Worms with a mutation in the conjugating enzyme, ubc-18, do not form SINGs. Additionally, knockdown of ubc-20 and ubc-22 reduces the level of SING formation as does knockdown of the ubiquitin ligase chn-1, a CHIP homolog. The nuclear import machinery is required for SING formation. Stressed embryos containing SINGs fail to hatch and cell division in these embryos is halted. The formation of SINGs can be prevented by pre-exposure to a brief period of heat shock before stress exposure. Heat shock inhibition of SINGs is dependent upon the HSF-1 transcription factor. Conclusions The heat shock results suggest that chaperone expression can prevent SING formation and that the accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins is a necessary precursor to SING formation. Thus, SINGs may be part of a novel protein quality control system. The data suggest an interesting model where SINGs represent sites of localized protein degradation for nuclear or cytosolic proteins. Thus, the physiological impacts of environmental stress may begin at the cellular level with the formation of stress induced nuclear granules. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12860-017-0136-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Sampuda
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E. Main Street, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Mason Riley
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E. Main Street, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA
| | - Lynn Boyd
- Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, 1301 E. Main Street, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.
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18
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Borbolis F, Flessa CM, Roumelioti F, Diallinas G, Stravopodis DJ, Syntichaki P. Neuronal function of the mRNA decapping complex determines survival of Caenorhabditis elegans at high temperature through temporal regulation of heterochronic gene expression. Open Biol 2017; 7:160313. [PMID: 28250105 PMCID: PMC5376704 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to adverse environmental cues, Caenorhabditis elegans larvae can temporarily arrest development at the second moult and form dauers, a diapause stage that allows for long-term survival. This process is largely regulated by certain evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathways, but it is also affected by miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The 5'-3' mRNA decay mechanism contributes to miRNA-mediated silencing of target mRNAs in many organisms but how it affects developmental decisions during normal or stress conditions is largely unknown. Here, we show that loss of the mRNA decapping complex activity acting in the 5'-3' mRNA decay pathway inhibits dauer formation at the stressful high temperature of 27.5°C, and instead promotes early developmental arrest. Our genetic data suggest that this arrest phenotype correlates with dysregulation of heterochronic gene expression and an aberrant stabilization of lin-14 mRNA at early larval stages. Restoration of neuronal dcap-1 activity was sufficient to rescue growth phenotypes of dcap-1 mutants at both high and normal temperatures, implying the involvement of common developmental timing mechanisms. Our work unveils the crucial role of 5'-3' mRNA degradation in proper regulation of heterochronic gene expression programmes, which proved to be essential for survival under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fivos Borbolis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens 11527, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, School of Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina-Maria Flessa
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens 11527, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, School of Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Fani Roumelioti
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens 11527, Greece
- School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Diallinas
- Faculty of Biology, School of Science, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Popi Syntichaki
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Center of Basic Research, Athens 11527, Greece
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19
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Rieckher M, Tavernarakis N. P-body and Stress Granule Quantification in Caenorhabditis elegans. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2108. [PMID: 28239624 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain various types of cytoplasmic, non-membrane bound ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules that consist of non-translating mRNAs and a versatile set of associated proteins. One prominent type of RNP granules are Processing bodies (P bodies), which majorly harbors translationally inactive mRNAs and an array of proteins mediating mRNA degradation, translational repression and cellular mRNA transport (Sheth and Parker, 2003). Another type of RNP granules, the stress granules (SGs), majorly contain mRNAs associated with translation initiation factors and are formed upon stress-induced translational stalling (Kedersha et al., 2000 and 1999). Multiple evidence obtained from studies in unicellular organisms supports a model in which P bodies and SGs physically interact during cellular stress to direct mRNAs for transport, decay, temporal storage or reentry into translation (Anderson and Kedersha, 2008; Decker and Parker, 2012). The quantification, distribution and colocalization of P bodies and/or SGs are essential tools to study the composition of RNP granules and their contribution to fundamental cellular processes, such as stress response and translational regulation. In this protocol we describe a method to quantify P bodies and SGs in somatic tissues of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rieckher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD) Research Center, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
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20
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Huelgas-Morales G, Silva-García CG, Salinas LS, Greenstein D, Navarro RE. The Stress Granule RNA-Binding Protein TIAR-1 Protects Female Germ Cells from Heat Shock in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:1031-47. [PMID: 26865701 PMCID: PMC4825639 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.026815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In response to stressful conditions, eukaryotic cells launch an arsenal of regulatory programs to protect the proteome. One major protective response involves the arrest of protein translation and the formation of stress granules, cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes containing the conserved RNA-binding proteins TIA-1 and TIAR. The stress granule response is thought to preserve mRNA for translation when conditions improve. For cells of the germline-the immortal cell lineage required for sexual reproduction-protection from stress is critically important for perpetuation of the species, yet how stress granule regulatory mechanisms are deployed in animal reproduction is incompletely understood. Here, we show that the stress granule protein TIAR-1 protects the Caenorhabditis elegans germline from the adverse effects of heat shock. Animals containing strong loss-of-function mutations in tiar-1 exhibit significantly reduced fertility compared to the wild type following heat shock. Analysis of a heat-shock protein promoter indicates that tiar-1 mutants display an impaired heat-shock response. We observed that TIAR-1 was associated with granules in the gonad core and oocytes during several stressful conditions. Both gonad core and oocyte granules are dynamic structures that depend on translation; protein synthesis inhibitors altered their formation. Nonetheless, tiar-1 was required for the formation of gonad core granules only. Interestingly, the gonad core granules did not seem to be needed for the germ cells to develop viable embryos after heat shock. This suggests that TIAR-1 is able to protect the germline from heat stress independently of these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Huelgas-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Carlos Giovanni Silva-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura S Salinas
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - David Greenstein
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, 55455 Minnesota
| | - Rosa E Navarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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21
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Cytoplasmic mRNA turnover and ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 152:32-42. [PMID: 26432921 PMCID: PMC4710634 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We address the cytoplasmic mRNA decay processes that determine the mRNAs half-life. We briefly describe the major, evolutionary conserved, ageing pathways and mechanisms. We summarize critical findings that link mRNA turnover and ageing modulators.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) turnover that determines the lifetime of cytoplasmic mRNAs is a means to control gene expression under both normal and stress conditions, whereas its impact on ageing and age-related disorders has just become evident. Gene expression control is achieved at the level of the mRNA clearance as well as mRNA stability and accessibility to other molecules. All these processes are regulated by cis-acting motifs and trans-acting factors that determine the rates of translation and degradation of transcripts. Specific messenger RNA granules that harbor the mRNA decay machinery or various factors, involved in translational repression and transient storage of mRNAs, are also part of the mRNA fate regulation. Their assembly and function can be modulated to promote stress resistance to adverse conditions and over time affect the ageing process and the lifespan of the organism. Here, we provide insights into the complex relationships of ageing modulators and mRNA turnover mechanisms.
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22
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Cornes E, Porta-De-La-Riva M, Aristizábal-Corrales D, Brokate-Llanos AM, García-Rodríguez FJ, Ertl I, Díaz M, Fontrodona L, Reis K, Johnsen R, Baillie D, Muñoz MJ, Sarov M, Dupuy D, Cerón J. Cytoplasmic LSM-1 protein regulates stress responses through the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 21:1544-53. [PMID: 26150554 PMCID: PMC4536316 DOI: 10.1261/rna.052324.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Genes coding for members of the Sm-like (LSm) protein family are conserved through evolution from prokaryotes to humans. These proteins have been described as forming homo- or heterocomplexes implicated in a broad range of RNA-related functions. To date, the nuclear LSm2-8 and the cytoplasmic LSm1-7 heteroheptamers are the best characterized complexes in eukaryotes. Through a comprehensive functional study of the LSm family members, we found that lsm-1 and lsm-3 are not essential for C. elegans viability, but their perturbation, by RNAi or mutations, produces defects in development, reproduction, and motility. We further investigated the function of lsm-1, which encodes the distinctive protein of the cytoplasmic complex. RNA-seq analysis of lsm-1 mutants suggests that they have impaired Insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), which is conserved in metazoans and involved in the response to various types of stress through the action of the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16. Further analysis using a DAF-16::GFP reporter indicated that heat stress-induced translocation of DAF-16 to the nuclei is dependent on lsm-1. Consistent with this, we observed that lsm-1 mutants display heightened sensitivity to thermal stress and starvation, while overexpression of lsm-1 has the opposite effect. We also observed that under stress, cytoplasmic LSm proteins aggregate into granules in an LSM-1-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that lsm-1 and lsm-3 are required for other processes regulated by the IIS pathway, such as aging and pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cornes
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain Université Bordeaux, IECB, Laboratoire ARNA, F-33600 Pessac, France INSERM, U869, Laboratoire ARNA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Montserrat Porta-De-La-Riva
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain C. elegans Core Facility, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - David Aristizábal-Corrales
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Ana María Brokate-Llanos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC - UPO - Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier García-Rodríguez
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Iris Ertl
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Mònica Díaz
- Drug Delivery and Targeting, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Laura Fontrodona
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Kadri Reis
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Robert Johnsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David Baillie
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Manuel J Muñoz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC - UPO - Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Mihail Sarov
- TransgeneOmics Unit, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Denis Dupuy
- Université Bordeaux, IECB, Laboratoire ARNA, F-33600 Pessac, France INSERM, U869, Laboratoire ARNA, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julián Cerón
- Cancer and Human Molecular Genetics, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
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