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The Role and Regulation of Thromboxane A2 Signaling in Cancer-Trojan Horses and Misdirection. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196234. [PMID: 36234768 PMCID: PMC9573598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing awareness of the role of eicosanoids in the development and progression of several types of cancer, including breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers. Several processes involved in cancer development, such as cell growth, migration, and angiogenesis, are regulated by the arachidonic acid derivative thromboxane A2 (TXA2). Higher levels of circulating TXA2 are observed in patients with multiple cancers, and this is accompanied by overexpression of TXA2 synthase (TBXAS1, TXA2S) and/or TXA2 receptors (TBXA2R, TP). Overexpression of TXA2S or TP in tumor cells is generally associated with poor prognosis, reduced survival, and metastatic disease. However, the role of TXA2 signaling in the stroma during oncogenesis has been underappreciated. TXA2 signaling regulates the tumor microenvironment by modulating angiogenic potential, tumor ECM stiffness, and host immune response. Moreover, the by-products of TXA2S are highly mutagenic and oncogenic, adding to the overall phenotype where TXA2 synthesis promotes tumor formation at various levels. The stability of synthetic enzymes and receptors in this pathway in most cancers (with few mutations reported) suggests that TXA2 signaling is a viable target for adjunct therapy in various tumors to reduce immune evasion, primary tumor growth, and metastasis.
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Rovati G, Contursi A, Bruno A, Tacconelli S, Ballerini P, Patrignani P. Antiplatelet Agents Affecting GPCR Signaling Implicated in Tumor Metastasis. Cells 2022; 11:725. [PMID: 35203374 PMCID: PMC8870128 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis requires that cancer cells survive in the circulation, colonize distant organs, and grow. Despite platelets being central contributors to hemostasis, leukocyte trafficking during inflammation, and vessel stability maintenance, there is significant evidence to support their essential role in supporting metastasis through different mechanisms. In addition to their direct interaction with cancer cells, thus forming heteroaggregates such as leukocytes, platelets release molecules that are necessary to promote a disseminating phenotype in cancer cells via the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition. Therefore, agents that affect platelet activation can potentially restrain these prometastatic mechanisms. Although the primary adhesion of platelets to cancer cells is mainly independent of G protein-mediated signaling, soluble mediators released from platelets, such as ADP, thromboxane (TX) A2, and prostaglandin (PG) E2, act through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to cause the activation of more additional platelets and drive metastatic signaling pathways in cancer cells. In this review, we examine the contribution of the GPCRs of platelets and cancer cells in the development of cancer metastasis. Finally, the possible use of agents affecting GPCR signaling pathways as antimetastatic agents is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianenrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Contursi
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapies, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (S.T.); (P.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, School of Medicine, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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3
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Wang Q, Morris RJ, Bode AM, Zhang T. Prostaglandin Pathways: Opportunities for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancer Res 2021; 82:949-965. [PMID: 34949672 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because of profound effects observed in carcinogenesis, prostaglandins (PGs), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases, and PG receptors are implicated in cancer development and progression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of PG actions has potential clinical relevance for cancer prevention and therapy. This review focuses on the current status of PG signaling pathways in modulating cancer progression and aims to provide insights into the mechanistic actions of PGs and their receptors in influencing tumor progression. We also examine several small molecules identified as having anticancer activity that target prostaglandin receptors. The literature suggests that targeting PG pathways could provide opportunities for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota
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4
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Lee SA, Lee KH, Kim H, Cho JY. METTL8 mRNA Methyltransferase Enhances Cancer Cell Migration via Direct Binding to ARID1A. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115432. [PMID: 34063990 PMCID: PMC8196784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of RNA modification in cancer has recently been highlighted. Methyltransferase like 8 (METTL8) is an enzyme and its role in mRNA m3C modification has barely been studied. In this study, we found that METTL8 expression was significantly up-regulated in canine mammary tumor and investigated its functional roles in the tumor process, including cancer cell proliferation and migration. METTL8 expression was up-regulated in most human breast cancer cell lines tested and decreased by Yin Yang 1 (YY1) transcription factor knockdown, suggesting that YY1 is a regulating transcription factor. The knockdown of METTL8 attenuated tumor cell growth and strongly blocked tumor cell migration. AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) was identified as a candidate mRNA by METTL8. ARID1A mRNA binds to METTL8 protein. ARID1A mRNA expression was not changed by METTL8 knockdown, but ARID1A protein level was significantly increased. Collectively, our study indicates that METTL8 up-regulated by YY1 in breast cancer plays an important role in cancer cell migration through the mRNA modification of ARID1A, resulting in the attenuation of its translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-880-1268; Fax: +82-02-886-1268
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Role of Nurr1 in Carcinogenesis and Tumor Immunology: A State of the Art Review. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103044. [PMID: 33086676 PMCID: PMC7590204 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nuclear receptor related-1 protein (Nurr1) emerges as a therapeutic target in multiple malignancies and immunotherapies. Previous studies have highlighted its association with clinicopathological parameters, tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance in cancers. In addition, recent studies unraveled its contribution to the suppression of antitumor immunity, suggesting that inhibition of Nurr1 is a potential method to repress cancer aggressiveness and disrupt tumor immune tolerance. In line with this evidence, the present review provides the roles of Nurr1 in tumor progression and the associated underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, the significance of Nurr1 in promoting immune tolerance and potential strategies for Nurr1 inhibition are highlighted. Abstract Nuclear receptor related-1 protein (Nurr1), coded by an early response gene, is involved in multiple cellular and physiological functions, including proliferation, survival, and self-renewal. Dysregulation of Nurr1 has been frequently observed in many cancers and is attributed to multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Besides, Nurr1 exhibits extensive crosstalk with many oncogenic and tumor suppressor molecules, which contribute to its potential pro-malignant behaviors. Furthermore, Nurr1 is a key player in attenuating antitumor immune responses. It not only potentiates immunosuppressive functions of regulatory T cells but also dampens the activity of cytotoxic T cells. The selective accessibility of chromatin by Nurr1 in T cells is closely associated with cell exhaustion and poor efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the reported findings of Nurr1 in different malignancies, the mechanisms that regulate Nurr1 expression, and the downstream signaling pathways that Nurr1 employs to promote a wide range of malignant phenotypes. We also give an overview of the association between Nurr1 and antitumor immunity and discuss the inhibition of Nurr1 as a potential immunotherapeutic strategy.
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Ren L, Zhao Y, Huo X, Wu X. MiR-155-5p promotes fibroblast cell proliferation and inhibits FOXO signaling pathway in vulvar lichen sclerosis by targeting FOXO3 and CDKN1B. Gene 2018; 653:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hopkins BL, Nadler M, Skoko JJ, Bertomeu T, Pelosi A, Shafaei PM, Levine K, Schempf A, Pennarun B, Yang B, Datta D, Bucur O, Ndebele K, Oesterreich S, Yang D, Giulia Rizzo M, Khosravi-Far R, Neumann CA. A Peroxidase Peroxiredoxin 1-Specific Redox Regulation of the Novel FOXO3 microRNA Target let-7. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:62-77. [PMID: 28398822 PMCID: PMC5695745 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Precision in redox signaling is attained through posttranslational protein modifications such as oxidation of protein thiols. The peroxidase peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) regulates signal transduction through changes in thiol oxidation of its cysteines. We demonstrate here that PRDX1 is a binding partner for the tumor suppressive transcription factor FOXO3 that directly regulates the FOXO3 stress response. Heightened oxidative stress evokes formation of disulfide-bound heterotrimers linking dimeric PRDX1 to monomeric FOXO3. Absence of PRDX1 enhances FOXO3 nuclear localization and transcription that are dependent on the presence of Cys31 or Cys150 within FOXO3. Notably, FOXO3-T32 phosphorylation is constitutively enhanced in these mutants, but nuclear translocation of mutant FOXO3 is restored with PI3K inhibition. Here we show that on H2O2 exposure, transcription of tumor suppressive miRNAs let-7b and let-7c is regulated by FOXO3 or PRDX1 expression levels and that let-7c is a novel target for FOXO3. Conjointly, inhibition of let-7 microRNAs increases let-7-phenotypes in PRDX1-deficient breast cancer cells. Altogether, these data ascertain the existence of an H2O2-sensitive PRDX1-FOXO3 signaling axis that fine tunes FOXO3 activity toward the transcription of gene targets in response to oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 62-77.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Hopkins
- 1 Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica Nadler
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John J Skoko
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thierry Bertomeu
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrea Pelosi
- 4 Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Parisa Mousavi Shafaei
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin Levine
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anja Schempf
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bodvael Pennarun
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bo Yang
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dipak Datta
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Octavian Bucur
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts.,6 Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kenneth Ndebele
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Da Yang
- 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria Giulia Rizzo
- 4 Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area Regina Elena National Cancer Institute , Rome, Italy
| | - Roya Khosravi-Far
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carola A Neumann
- 2 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Magee Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Yu DS, Chen YT, Wu CL, Yu CP. Expression of p-FOXO3/FOXO3 in bladder cancer and its correlation with clinicopathology and tumor recurrence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11069-11074. [PMID: 31966454 PMCID: PMC6965874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survey for more accurate biomarkers for predicting and preventing the future recurrence in high risk patients is urgently needed. The transcription factor forkhead box-O3 (FOXO3) is a well-established tumor suppressor. Its phosphorylation (p-FOXO3) as well as deregulation is involved in cancer initiation, progression and drug resistance. Therefore, we proposed that p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio change may play important role in the bladder cancer recurrence. METHODS Surgical specimens of cancer tissue were obtained from 75 patients with bladder cancer (30 of non-recurrent and 45 of recurrent). The relative expression levels of p-FOXO3/FOXO3 in cancer tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain and graded according to stain intensity. The correlation p-FOXO3/FOXO3 with clinicopathological parameters and tumor recurrence was analyzed. RESULTS For bladder cancer patients with tumor recurrence, higher tumor grade (82% vs 70%, P=0.04) and stage (≥II, 49% vs 33%, P=0.02) in these patients was seen. In IHC study of paired tumor tissues, 39 out of 75 (52%) patients have increased p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio and they are closely related to tumor grade (low grade vs high grade =29.4% vs 58.6%, P=0.01) but not related to stage (low stage vs high stage =46.5% vs 59.3%, P=0.26). Regarding to tumor recurrence, the p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio is significant higher in recurrent group than non-recurrent group patients (0.78±0.15 vs 1.25±0.11, P=0.03). As comparing the first recurrence and subsequent recurrence group patients, there is no difference in the level of p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio (1.25±0.11 vs 1.10±0.09, P=0.25). Interestingly, recurrent tumors in low grade bladder cancer patients have marked increased p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio than non-recurrent tumors (0.90±0.22 vs 0.15±0.12, P=0.02). CONCLUSION Increased p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio has been observed in bladder cancer patients with tumor recurrence and it is closely related to higher tumor grade. Low grade bladder cancer is high risk in recurrence when p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio increased. These results implicated that p-FOXO3/FOXO3 ratio can be applied as a useful marker for further treatment decision making and prognostic of tumor recurrence in bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dah-Shyong Yu
- Uro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Lun Wu
- Uro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Jia L, Zhang Y, Ji W, Li H. Higher expression of FOXOs correlates to better prognosis of bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96313-96322. [PMID: 29221208 PMCID: PMC5707102 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to explore the expression of forkhead box class O (FOXO) and relations between expressions of FOXOs and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of bladder cancer. Methods We enrolled a cohort of 276 patients with bladder cancer in our study. Expressions of FOXOs in bladder cancer tissue and adjacent tissue were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlations between expression of FOXOs and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed. The relationship between expression of FOXOs and survival time of patients with bladder cancer was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Log-rank test; individual variables which may affect the prognosis of bladder cancer were detected by the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results Compared with bladder cancer tissue, a higher expression of FOXOs was detected in paracancerous tissue. We found significant associations between histological grade and the expressions of FOXOs, clinical stage and the expressions of FOXOs, and lymph node metastasis and the expressions of FOXOs (all P < 0.05). When used for diagnosing bladder cancer, the mRNA expression of FOXO1/3/4 produced cut off values of 1.475, 1.305, and 1.295, respectively, exhibiting relatively high specificity and sensitivity. The Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that patients with a higher expression of FOXOs tended to have a longer overall survival than those with lower expression. The Cox regression analysis revealed that lymph node metastasis, high clinical stage, and low expression of FOXOs were independent risk factors for bladder cancer prognosis. Conclusion Our results indicate that the expression of FOXOs is closely correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P.R. China
| | - Linpei Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Jilin Provincial People's Hospital, Changchun 130000, P.R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, P.R. China
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Knockdown of SIRT1 Suppresses Bladder Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration and Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Antioxidant Response through FOXO3a-Mediated Pathways. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3781904. [PMID: 29147649 PMCID: PMC5632854 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3781904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common tumors, but its underlying mechanism has not been fully clarified. Our transcriptome analysis suggested a close link of Sirtuins, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR), cell cycle regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and Forkhead Box Class O (FOXO) signaling pathway in BCa. SIRT1 is a key member of Sirtuins, playing important roles in aging and energy metabolism, which has been reported to be involved in various metabolic diseases and tumors. We observed that SIRT1 was upregulated in BCa tissues at both mRNA and protein levels. By establishing a SIRT1-knockdown BCa cell model, our results suggested that proliferation and viability were suppressed. Moreover, migration rate was inhibited as well, possibly via reduction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, cell cycle arrest was significantly induced, consisting with strongly decreased proteins involved (CDK2/4/6). Furthermore, ROS production was slightly reduced, accompanied by increasing of antioxidant enzymes and total/acetylated FOXO3a. Consistently with our Path-net analysis, we observed no significant alteration of apoptosis in the SIRT1-knockdown BCa cells. Taken together, our results suggested that SIRT1 deficiency in BCa cells could suppress cell viability by activating antioxidant response and inducing cell cycle arrest possibly via FOXO3a-related pathways.
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Thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist SQ29548 reduces ischemic stroke-induced microglia/macrophages activation and enrichment, and ameliorates brain injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35885. [PMID: 27775054 PMCID: PMC5075919 DOI: 10.1038/srep35885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane A2 receptor (TXA2R) activation is thought to be involved in thrombosis/hemostasis and inflammation responses. We have previously shown that TXA2R antagonist SQ29548 attenuates BV2 microglia activation by suppression of ERK pathway, but its effect is not tested in vivo. The present study aims to explore the role of TXA2R on microglia/macrophages activation after ischemia/reperfusion brain injury in mice. Adult male ICR mice underwent 90-min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Immediately and 24 h after reperfusion, SQ29548 was administered twice to the ipsilateral ventricle (10 μl, 2.6 μmol/ml, per dose). Cerebral infarction volume, inflammatory cytokines release and microglia/macrophages activation were measured using the cresyl violet method, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunofluorescence double staining, respectively. Expression of TXA2R was significantly increased in the ipsilateral brain tissue after ischemia/reperfusion, which was also found to co-localize with activated microglia/macrophages in the infarct area. Administration of SQ29548 inhibited microglia/macrophages activation and enrichment, including both M1 and M2 phenotypes, and attenuated ischemia-induced IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α up-regulation and iNOS release. TXA2R antagonist SQ29548 inhibited ischemia-induced inflammatory response and furthermore reduced microglia/macrophages activation and ischemic/reperfusion brain injury.
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12
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Jiang L, Wang C, Lei F, Zhang L, Zhang X, Liu A, Wu G, Zhu J, Song L. miR-93 promotes cell proliferation in gliomas through activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8286-99. [PMID: 25823655 PMCID: PMC4480752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is frequently activated in various human cancer types and plays essential roles in development and progression of cancers. Multiple regulators, such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and PH domain leucine rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPP), have also found to be involved in suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, how suppressive effects mediated by these regulators are concomitantly disrupted in cancers, which display constitutively activated PI3K/Akt signaling, remains puzzling. In the present study, we reported that the expression of miR-93 was markedly upregulated in glioma cell lines and clinical glioma tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that miR-93 levels significantly correlated with clinicopathologic grade and overall survival in gliomas. Furthermore, we found that overexpressing miR-93 promoted, but inhibition of miR-93 reduced, glioma cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression. We demonstrated that miR-93 activated PI3K/Akt signaling through directly suppressing PTEN, PHLPP2 and FOXO3 expression via targeting their 3'UTRs. Therefore, our results suggest that miR-93 might play an important role in glioma progression and uncover a novel mechanism for constitutive PI3K/Akt activation in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chanjuan Wang
- Department of the Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fangyong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Longjuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Aibin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Geyan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jinrong Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Apaya MK, Chang MT, Shyur LF. Phytomedicine polypharmacology: Cancer therapy through modulating the tumor microenvironment and oxylipin dynamics. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 162:58-68. [PMID: 26969215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrative approaches in cancer therapy have recently been extended beyond the induction of cytotoxicity to controlling the tumor microenvironment and modulating inflammatory cascades and pathways such as lipid mediator biosynthesis and their dynamics. Profiling of important lipid messengers, such as oxylipins, produced as part of the physiological response to pharmacological stimuli, provides a unique opportunity to explore drug pharmacology and the possibilities for molecular management of cancer physiopathology. Whereas single targeted chemotherapeutic drugs commonly lack efficacy and invoke drug resistance and/or adverse effects in cancer patients, traditional herbal medicines are seen as bright prospects for treating complex diseases, such as cancers, in a systematic and holistic manner. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of traditional medicine and its bioactive chemical constituents may aid the modernization of herbal remedies and the discovery of novel phytoagents for cancer management. In this review, systems-based polypharmacology and studies to develop multi-target drugs or leads from phytomedicines and their derived natural products that may overcome the problems of current anti-cancer drugs, are proposed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karmella Apaya
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Fen Shyur
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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