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Zuparic M, Shelyag S, Angelova M, Zhu Y, Kalloniatis A. `Friend or foe' and decision making initiative in complex conflict environments. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281169. [PMID: 36745613 PMCID: PMC9901805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a novel mathematical model of two adversarial forces in the vicinity of a non-combatant population in order to explore the impact of each force pursuing specific decision-making strategies. Each force has the opportunity to draw support by enabling the decision-making initiative of the population, in tension with maintaining tactical and organisational effectiveness over their adversary. Each dynamic model component of force, population and decision-making, is defined by the archetypal Lanchester, Lotka-Volterra and Kuramoto-Sakaguchi models, with feedback between each component adding heterogeneity. Developing a scheme where cultural factors determine decision-making strategies for each force, this work highlights the parametric and topological factors that influence favourable results in a non-linear system where physical outcomes are highly dependent on the non-physical and cognitive nature of each force's intended strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Zuparic
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sergiy Shelyag
- School of IT, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maia Angelova
- School of IT, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ye Zhu
- School of IT, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Frizzi F, Balzani P, Masoni A, Frasconi Wendt C, Marconi M, Rossi A, Santini G. Sub-lethal doses of imidacloprid alter food selection in the invasive garden ant Lasius neglectus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27501-27509. [PMID: 36385335 PMCID: PMC9995417 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite several restrictions to their use, neonicotinoid insecticides are still widely employed worldwide. Residual sub-lethal amounts of these chemicals can have detrimental effects on the behavior of non-target insects. Toxic effects on economically important species such as bees have been widely documented, but less is known about their toxic action on other social insects, such as ants. In this study, we assessed the effect of different sub-lethal doses of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid on the ability of colonies of the invasive ant Lasius neglectus to select the most profitable resource. We used Y-shaped mazes having an imidacloprid-polluted or an unpolluted sucrose solution on the two branches. Two sucrose (0.1 M, 0.5 M) and two imidacloprid (1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml) concentrations were used. In parallel, we evaluated the marking activity of foragers who fed on the same solutions. We found that the 0.1 M sugar solution polluted with 1 μg/ml imidacloprid was significantly more frequently selected in binary choices experiments than the unpolluted resource. Moreover, the ingestion of the same combination of sugar and imidacloprid significantly increased the marking rate of foragers. The higher concentration of the pollutant had lower effects, probably because of the hormesis phenomenon. Results suggest that the lower sub-lethal dose of imidacloprid can lead ants to select again the polluted resource. This "active" selection of the pollutant may magnify the negative effects on the colonies. Due to their ecological role, any impairment of ant survival or behavior may have detrimental cascade effects on the whole ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Frizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto F.No., 50019, Florence, Italy.
| | - Paride Balzani
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto F.No., 50019, Florence, Italy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší, 728/II, 38925, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Masoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto F.No., 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Clara Frasconi Wendt
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto F.No., 50019, Florence, Italy
- cE3c, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matilde Marconi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto F.No., 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Asia Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto F.No., 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Giacomo Santini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano, 6, Sesto F.No., 50019, Florence, Italy
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Frizzi F, Talone F, Santini G. Modulation of trail laying in the ant Lasius neglectus
(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and its role in the collective selection of a food source. Ethology 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Frizzi
- Universita degli Studi di Firenze; Dipartimento di Biologia; Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesco Talone
- Universita degli Studi di Firenze; Dipartimento di Biologia; Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Giacomo Santini
- Universita degli Studi di Firenze; Dipartimento di Biologia; Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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Combined effects of temperature and interspecific competition on the mortality of the invasive garden ant, Lasius neglectus : A laboratory study. J Therm Biol 2017; 65:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Armenzoni M, Bottani E, Rinaldi M, Gallo SA, Montanari R. Analysis, Simulation and Optimization of the Milking Process in a Cowshed for the Production of Parmigiano Reggiano. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2016-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study is to optimize the milking process of a cowshed, located near Parma (Italy), which provides milk to some dairy companies, for the production of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese. The ultimate goal of the analysis is to reduce the time required for milking operations, thus optimizing the whole management of the farm processes. A discrete-event simulation model is designed under Simul8™ to reproduce the main processes of the cowshed and the movements of the animals inside the cowshed, before and after milking. The model exploits real data collected from the direct observation of the farm and is validated by comparing the results provided with the real performance of the milking activities. Then, it is used to test two new configurations of the cowshed layout and to assess their performance, in terms of the total time required for milking. Interesting savings in the total milking time are found.
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