1
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Deny M, Arroba Nuñez LA, Romano M, Denis O, Casimir G, Chamekh M. Sex difference in innate inflammatory response and macrophage polarization in Streptococcus agalactiae-induced pneumonia and potential role of microRNA-223-3p. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17126. [PMID: 36224333 PMCID: PMC9555696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While number of studies have shown that biological sex is a risk factor in the incidence and severity of infection-induced inflammatory diseases, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we compared the innate inflammatory response in male and female mice with group B streptococcal (GBS)-induced pneumoniae. Although male and female mice displayed similar bacterial burdens, males exhibited more innate inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and a higher proportion of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages. The analysis of the distribution of macrophage subtypes M1 (pro-inflammatory) versus M2 (anti-inflammatory) yielded a higher M1/M2 ratio in infected males compared with females. Given the importance of the chromosome X-linked microRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) in modulating the inflammatory process and macrophage polarization, we investigated its potential contribution in sex bias of GBS-induced innate inflammatory response. Knock-down of miR-223-3p with specific antagomiR resulted in increased inflammatory response and higher M1/M2 ratio following GBS infection. Notably, compared to male mice, we detected higher amount of miR-223-3p in macrophages from females that correlated negatively with M1 phenotype. These results suggest that differential expression of miR-233-3p may impact macrophage polarization, thereby contributing to fine-tune sex differences in inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Deny
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Inflammation Unit, Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luis Alexis Arroba Nuñez
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Inflammation Unit, Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta Romano
- grid.508031.fImmune Response Service, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Denis
- grid.508031.fImmune Response Service, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georges Casimir
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Inflammation Unit, Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ,Queen Fabiola University Children’s Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Chamekh
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Inflammation Unit, Laboratory of Pediatric Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Dole NS, Yoon J, Monteiro DA, Yang J, Mazur CM, Kaya S, Belair CD, Alliston T. Mechanosensitive miR-100 coordinates TGFβ and Wnt signaling in osteocytes during fluid shear stress. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21883. [PMID: 34569659 PMCID: PMC9153140 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organism scale mechanical forces elicit cellular scale changes through coordinated regulation of multiple signaling pathways. The mechanisms by which cells integrate signaling to generate a unified biological response remains a major question in mechanobiology. For example, the mechanosensitive response of bone and other tissues requires coordinated signaling by the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and Wnt pathways through mechanisms that are not well‐defined. Here we report a new microRNA‐dependent mechanism that mediates mechanosensitive crosstalk between TGFβ and Wnt signaling in osteocytes exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS). From 60 mechanosensitive microRNA (miRs) identified by small‐RNAseq, miR100 expression is suppressed by in vivo hindlimb loading in the murine tibia and by cellular scale FSS in OCY454 cells. Though FSS activates both TGFβ and Wnt signaling in osteocytes, only TGFβ represses miR‐100 expression. miR‐100, in turn, antagonizes Wnt signaling by targeting and inhibiting expression of Frizzled receptors (FZD5/FZD8). Accordingly, miR‐100 inhibition blunts FSS‐ and TGFβ‐inducible Wnt signaling. Therefore, our results identify FSS‐responsive miRNAs in osteocytes, including one that integrates the mechanosensitive function of two essential signaling pathways in the osteoanabolic response of bone to mechanical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Dole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jihee Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A Monteiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Courtney M Mazur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cassandra D Belair
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Progressive Control of Streptococcus agalactiae-Induced Innate Inflammatory Response Is Associated with Time Course Expression of MicroRNA-223 by Neutrophils. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00563-20. [PMID: 32958526 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00563-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a human-pathogenic bacterium inducing a strong inflammatory response that may be detrimental for host tissues if not finely regulated. The inflammatory response can be modulated by different molecular mechanisms, among which growing evidence points toward the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs). Regarding innate inflammatory response, studies have reported that miR-223 is essential for the control of granulocyte proliferation and activation. Moreover, a number of investigations on miRNA expression profiling performed in various inflammatory settings have revealed that miR-223 is among the top differentially expressed miRNAs. Yet the dynamic pattern of expression of miR-223 in vivo with respect to the evolution of the inflammatory process, especially in microbial infection, remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed the kinetic expression of miR-223 in an inflammatory model of GBS-induced murine pneumonia and looked for correlates with inflammatory markers, including innate cell infiltrates. We found that miR-223 expression is rapidly induced at very early time points (3 to 6 h postinfection [p.i.]) mainly by lung-infiltrating neutrophils. Interestingly, the level of miR-223 accumulating in the lungs remains higher at later stages of infection (24 h and 48 h p.i.), and this correlates with reduced expression of primary inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and with a shift in infiltrating monocyte and macrophage subtypes toward a regulatory phenotype. Transient inhibition of miR-223 by an antagomir resulted in significant increase of CXCL2 expression and partial enhancement of infiltrating neutrophils in GBS-infected lung tissues. This suggests the potential contribution of miR-223 to the resolution phase of GBS-induced acute inflammation.
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4
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Fan Z, Kim S, Bai Y, Diergaarde B, Park HJ. 3'-UTR Shortening Contributes to Subtype-Specific Cancer Growth by Breaking Stable ceRNA Crosstalk of Housekeeping Genes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:334. [PMID: 32411683 PMCID: PMC7201092 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortening of 3'UTRs (3'US) through alternative polyadenylation is a post-transcriptional mechanism that regulates the expression of hundreds of genes in human cancers. In breast cancer, different subtypes of tumor samples, such as estrogen receptor positive and negative (ER+ and ER-), are characterized by distinct molecular mechanisms, suggesting possible differences in the post-transcriptional regulation between the subtype tumors. In this study, based on the profound tumorigenic role of 3'US interacting with competing-endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network (3'US-ceRNA effect), we hypothesize that the 3'US-ceRNA effect drives subtype-specific tumor growth. However, we found that the subtypes are available in different sample sizes, biasing the ceRNA network size and disabling the fair comparison of the 3'US-ceRNA effect. Using normalized Laplacian matrix eigenvalue distribution, we addressed this bias and built tumor ceRNA networks comparable between the subtypes. Based on the comparison, we identified a novel role of housekeeping (HK) genes as stable and strong miRNA sponges (sponge HK genes) that synchronize the ceRNA networks of normal samples (adjacent to ER+ and ER- tumor samples). We further found that distinct 3'US events in the ER- tumor break the stable sponge effect of HK genes in a subtype-specific fashion, especially in association with the aggressive and metastatic phenotypes. Knockdown of NUDT21 further suggested the role of 3'US-ceRNA effect in repressing HK genes for tumor growth. In this study, we identified 3'US-ceRNA effect on the sponge HK genes for subtype-specific growth of ER- tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Fan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Cancer, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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5
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Yamashita H, Surapureddi S, Kovi RC, Bhusari S, Ton TV, Li JL, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Rider CV, Hoenerhoff MJ, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Unique microRNA alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas arising either spontaneously or due to chronic exposure to Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) in B6C3F1/N mice. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2523-2541. [PMID: 32306082 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02749-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a herbal supplement for improving memory. Exposure of B6C3F1/N mice to GBE in a 2-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassay resulted in a dose-dependent increase in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). To identify key microRNAs that modulate GBE-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, we compared the global miRNA expression profiles in GBE-exposed HCC (GBE-HCC) and spontaneous HCC (SPNT-HCC) with age-matched vehicle control normal livers (CNTL) from B6C3F1/N mice. The number of differentially altered miRNAs in GBE-HCC and SPNT-HCC was 74 (52 up and 22 down) and 33 (15 up and 18 down), respectively. Among the uniquely differentially altered miRNAs in GBE-HCC, miR-31 and one of its predicted targets, Cdk1 were selected for functional validation. A potential miRNA response element (MRE) in the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of Cdk1 mRNA was revealed by in silico analysis and confirmed by luciferase assays. In mouse hepatoma cell line HEPA-1 cells, we demonstrated an inverse correlation between miR-31 and CDK1 protein levels, but no change in Cdk1 mRNA levels, suggesting a post-transcriptional effect. Additionally, a set of miRNAs (miRs-411, 300, 127, 134, 409-3p, and 433-3p) that were altered in the GBE-HCCs were also altered in non-tumor liver samples from the 90-day GBE-exposed group compared to the vehicle control group, suggesting that some of these miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for GBE exposure or hepatocellular carcinogenesis. These data increase our understanding of miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of GBE-mediated hepatocellular carcinogenesis in B6C3F1/N mice.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CDC2 Protein Kinase/genetics
- CDC2 Protein Kinase/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Ginkgo biloba
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Plant Extracts/toxicity
- Time Factors
- Transcriptome
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Yamashita
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Frontier Research Center, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, 100-6609, Japan
| | - Sailesh Surapureddi
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20460, USA
| | - Ramesh C Kovi
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sachin Bhusari
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Global Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, The Coca-Cola Company, 1 Coca Cola Plaza, NW, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thai Vu Ton
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, 7126 Public Health, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 1526, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, DIR, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Cynthia V Rider
- Toxicology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, DNTP, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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6
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Kalpachidou T, Kummer KK, Mitrić M, Kress M. Tissue Specific Reference Genes for MicroRNA Expression Analysis in a Mouse Model of Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:283. [PMID: 31824261 PMCID: PMC6883285 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as master switch regulators in many biological processes in health and disease, including neuropathy. miRNAs are commonly quantified by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), usually estimated as relative expression through reference genes normalization. Different non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are used for miRNA normalization; however, there is no study identifying the optimal reference genes in animal models for peripheral nerve injury. We evaluated the stability of eleven ncRNAs, commonly used for miRNA normalization, in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), dorsal horn of the spinal cord (dhSC), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the mouse spared nerve injury (SNI) model. After RT-qPCR, the stability of each ncRNA was determined by using four different methods: BestKeeper, the comparative delta-Cq method, geNorm, and NormFinder. The candidates were rated according to their performance in each method and an overall ranking list was compiled. The most stable ncRNAs were: sno420, sno429, and sno202 in DRG; sno429, sno202, and U6 in dhSC; sno202, sno420, and sno142 in mPFC. We provide the first reference genes' evaluation for miRNA normalization in different neuronal tissues in an animal model of peripheral nerve injury. Our results underline the need for careful selection of reference genes for miRNA normalization in different tissues and experimental conditions. We further anticipate that our findings can be used in a broad range of nerve injury related studies, to ensure validity and promote reproducibility in miRNA quantification.
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7
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Rao M, Sheng Z, Zhang Y, Du W, Hao H, Zhao X, Xu Z, Liu J, Zhu H. Identification of Valid Housekeeping Genes for Real-Time Quantitative PCR Analysis of Collapsed Lung Tissues of Neonatal Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Derived Cattle. Cell Reprogram 2016; 17:360-7. [PMID: 26393896 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cloned calves produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer frequently suffer alveolar collapse as newborns. To study the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon, the expression profiles of numerous genes involved in lung development need to be investigated. Quantitative real-time PCR is commonly adopted in gene expression analysis. However, selection of an appropriate reference gene for normalization is critical for obtaining reliable and accurate results. Seven housekeeping genes-β-glucuronidase (GUSB), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), β-2-microglobolin (B2M), peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), TATA-box binding protein (TBP), and 5.8S ribosomal RNA (5.8S rRNA)-were selected and evaluated as candidates. Their gene expression levels in the collapsed lungs of deceased neonate cloned calves and normal lung derived from normal calves were assessed. The ranking of gene expression stability was estimated by the geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper programs. 5.8S rRNA and PPIA were determined to be the most stable reference genes by geNorm and BestKeeper, whereas the combination of GAPDH and TBP was suggested as reference genes by NormFinder. Taking these results into account, we conclude that 5.8S rRNA and PPIA could be the most reliable reference genes for studying the genes involved in alveolar collapse. Moreover, 5.8S rRNA could be represented as a uniform reference gene in similar cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- 1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100193, China .,4 These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- 2 Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China .,4 These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qiuling Jiang
- 1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Man Rao
- 3 Geno-Ming Bioscience , Beijing, 101101, China
| | - Zheya Sheng
- 3 Geno-Ming Bioscience , Beijing, 101101, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- 2 Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetical Resource Conservation and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University , Hefei 230036, China
| | - Weihua Du
- 1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haisheng Hao
- 1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueming Zhao
- 1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- 1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianning Liu
- 1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huabin Zhu
- 1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing, 100193, China
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8
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Nardiello C, Morty RE. MicroRNA in late lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the need to demonstrate causality. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:19. [PMID: 27216745 PMCID: PMC4877338 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA are emerging as powerful regulators of cell differentiation and tissue and organ development. Several microRNA have been described to play a role in branching morphogenesis, a key step in early lung development. However, considerably less attention has been paid to microRNA as regulators of the process of secondary septation, which drives lung alveolarization during late lung development. Secondary septation is severely perturbed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common complication of preterm birth characterized by blunted alveolarization. A number of studies to date have reported microRNA microarray screens in animal models of BPD; however, only two studies have attempted to demonstrate causality. Although the expression of miR-150 was altered in experimental BPD, a miR-150−/− knockout mouse did not exhibit appreciable protection in a BPD animal model. Similarly, while the expression of miR-489 in the lung was reduced in clinical and experimental BPD, antagomiR and over-expression approaches could not validate a role for miR-489 in the impaired alveolarization associated with experimental BPD. This mini-review aims to highlight microRNA that have been revealed by multiple microarray studies to be potential causal players in normal and pathological alveolarization. Additionally, the challenges faced in attempting to demonstrate a causal role for microRNA in lung alveolarization are discussed. These include the tremendous variability in the animal models employed, and the limitations and advantages offered by the available tools, including antagomiRs and approaches for the validation of a specific microRNA-mRNA interaction during lung alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Nardiello
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.
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9
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Silva DMG, Nardiello C, Pozarska A, Morty RE. Recent advances in the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1239-72. [PMID: 26361876 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00268.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolarization is the process by which the alveoli, the principal gas exchange units of the lung, are formed. Along with the maturation of the pulmonary vasculature, alveolarization is the objective of late lung development. The terminal airspaces that were formed during early lung development are divided by the process of secondary septation, progressively generating an increasing number of alveoli that are of smaller size, which substantially increases the surface area over which gas exchange can take place. Disturbances to alveolarization occur in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which can be complicated by perturbations to the pulmonary vasculature that are associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension. Disturbances to lung development may also occur in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in term newborn infants, as well as in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. These disturbances can lead to the formation of lungs with fewer and larger alveoli and a dysmorphic pulmonary vasculature. Consequently, affected lungs exhibit a reduced capacity for gas exchange, with important implications for morbidity and mortality in the immediate postnatal period and respiratory health consequences that may persist into adulthood. It is the objective of this Perspectives article to update the reader about recent developments in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of alveolarization and the pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo M G Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Claudio Nardiello
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Pozarska
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany; Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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10
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Kamran F, Andrade AC, Nella AA, Clokie SJ, Rezvani G, Nilsson O, Baron J, Lui JC. Evidence That Up-Regulation of MicroRNA-29 Contributes to Postnatal Body Growth Deceleration. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:921-32. [PMID: 25866874 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Body growth is rapid in infancy but subsequently slows and eventually ceases due to a progressive decline in cell proliferation that occurs simultaneously in multiple organs. We previously showed that this decline in proliferation is driven in part by postnatal down-regulation of a large set of growth-promoting genes in multiple organs. We hypothesized that this growth-limiting genetic program is orchestrated by microRNAs (miRNAs). Bioinformatic analysis identified target sequences of the miR-29 family of miRNAs to be overrepresented in age-down-regulated genes. Concomitantly, expression microarray analysis in mouse kidney and lung showed that all members of the miR-29 family, miR-29a, -b, and -c, were strongly up-regulated from 1 to 6 weeks of age. Real-time PCR confirmed that miR-29a, -b, and -c were up-regulated with age in liver, kidney, lung, and heart, and their expression levels were higher in hepatocytes isolated from 5-week-old mice than in hepatocytes from embryonic mouse liver at embryonic day 16.5. We next focused on 3 predicted miR-29 target genes (Igf1, Imp1, and Mest), all of which are growth-promoting. A 3'-untranslated region containing the predicted target sequences from each gene was placed individually in a luciferase reporter construct. Transfection of miR-29 mimics suppressed luciferase gene activity for all 3 genes, and this suppression was diminished by mutating the target sequences, suggesting that these genes are indeed regulated by miR-29. Taken together, the findings suggest that up-regulation of miR-29 during juvenile life drives the down-regulation of multiple growth-promoting genes, thus contributing to physiological slowing and eventual cessation of body growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariha Kamran
- Section on Growth and Development (F.K., A.A.N., G.R., J.B., J.C.L.) and Section on Neuroendocrinology (S.J.C.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Center for Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (A.C.A., O.N.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anenisia C Andrade
- Section on Growth and Development (F.K., A.A.N., G.R., J.B., J.C.L.) and Section on Neuroendocrinology (S.J.C.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Center for Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (A.C.A., O.N.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aikaterini A Nella
- Section on Growth and Development (F.K., A.A.N., G.R., J.B., J.C.L.) and Section on Neuroendocrinology (S.J.C.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Center for Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (A.C.A., O.N.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel J Clokie
- Section on Growth and Development (F.K., A.A.N., G.R., J.B., J.C.L.) and Section on Neuroendocrinology (S.J.C.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Center for Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (A.C.A., O.N.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey Rezvani
- Section on Growth and Development (F.K., A.A.N., G.R., J.B., J.C.L.) and Section on Neuroendocrinology (S.J.C.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Center for Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (A.C.A., O.N.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- Section on Growth and Development (F.K., A.A.N., G.R., J.B., J.C.L.) and Section on Neuroendocrinology (S.J.C.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Center for Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (A.C.A., O.N.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development (F.K., A.A.N., G.R., J.B., J.C.L.) and Section on Neuroendocrinology (S.J.C.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Center for Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (A.C.A., O.N.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian C Lui
- Section on Growth and Development (F.K., A.A.N., G.R., J.B., J.C.L.) and Section on Neuroendocrinology (S.J.C.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Center for Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit (A.C.A., O.N.), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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