1
|
Andrade MR, Daniel AG, Zarate JB, Sato JP, Santos LF, Guedes RM. Genetic diversity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in finishing pigs in Minas Gerais. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is one of the most challenging respiratory pathogens involved with swine pneumonia worldwide, responsible for a chronic infection with high morbidity, which predisposes secondary bacterial infections in growing and finishing pigs. Advances in diagnostic techniques allowed identification of genetic characteristics associated with high antigenic and proteomic variability among bacterial strains. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of M. hyopneumoniae strains in lungs with pneumonic lesions obtained from 52 pig farms located in Minas Gerais, one of the largest swine production states in Brazil. Genotyping was performed using multilocus variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA), targeting two loci encoding P97 and P146 adhesins VNTR. The results showed that this agent is widely disseminated in pig farms and there is a high polymorphism of M. hyopneumoniae variants circulating in the state of Minas Gerais. Different M. hyopneumoniae genotypes are randomly distributed in several regions of the state, with no specific geographic population structure pattern. M. hyopneumoniae association with viral agents was sporadic (3.17% with Influenza A and 1.9% with PCV2).
Collapse
|
2
|
Ning Y, Yang Y, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Luo W, Wen Y, Zhou Y, Ding H. Porcine antibody profiles of 33 Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae fusion proteins from M. hyopneumoniae natural infection but not vaccination. Vet Med Sci 2022; 9:203-216. [PMID: 36520664 PMCID: PMC9857121 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the primary pathogen responsible for porcine enzootic pneumonia, reduces average daily weight gain and causes substantial economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Vaccination is the most common strategy to control this disease but offers partial protection. Therefore, developing next-generation vaccines by screening protective antigens is crucial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibody response to 33 recombinant proteins in pigs naturally infected with M. hyopneumoniae. METHODS The genes encoding 33 (hypothetical) membrane proteins or secretory proteins were ligated into pGEX-6P-1, pGEX-6P-2, pGEX-5X-3 or pGEX-4T-3 vectors and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) or E. coli XL-1 Blue to construct recombinant bacteria and to express the recombinant proteins. The recombinant bacteria expressing the target proteins reacted with porcine convalescent sera and negative sera to screen immunodominant proteins by ELISA. Then, recombinant bacteria expressing immunodominant proteins were used to identify the discriminating immunodominant proteins that were recognised by convalescent sera nut not hyperimmune sera. RESULTS All recombinant bacteria could express the target recombinant proteins in soluble form. Twenty-one proteins were shown to present immunodominant antigens, and four proteins were not recognised by convalescent sera. Moreover, six proteins were considered discriminating and reacted with convalescent sera but not with hyperimmune sera. CONCLUSIONS The identified immunodominant proteins were antigenic and expressed during bacterial infection, suggesting that these proteins, especially those capable of discriminating between sera, can be used to identify protective antigens with the view to develop more effective vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Ning
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yujiao Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yaqin Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yun Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wenyi Luo
- The 181st Group of the Tenth DivisionXinjiang Production and Construction CorpsBeitunXinjiangChina
| | - Yukang Wen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yaoqin Zhou
- College of Optoelectronic EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Mycoplasmology, College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie X, Hao F, Chen R, Wang J, Wei Y, Liu J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Bai Y, Shao G, Xiong Q, Feng Z. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Flavin Oxidoreductase of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Functions as a Potential Novel Virulence Factor and Not Only as a Metabolic Enzyme. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:747421. [PMID: 34671334 PMCID: PMC8521518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.747421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) is the main pathogen that causes enzootic pneumonia, a disease that has a significant impact on the pig industry worldwide. The pathogenesis of enzootic pneumonia, especially possible virulence factors of Mhp, has still not been fully elucidated. The transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of different Mhp strains reported in the literature have revealed differences in virulence, and differences in RNA transcription levels between high- and low-virulence strains initially indicated that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent flavin oxidoreductase (NFOR) was related to Mhp pathogenicity. Prokaryotic expression and purification of the NFOR protein from Mhp were performed, a rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody against NFOR was prepared, and multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary analyses of Mhp NFOR were performed. For the first time, it was found that the NFOR protein was conserved among all Mhp strains, and NFOR was localized to the cell surface and could adhere to immortalized porcine bronchial epithelial cells (hTERT-PBECs). Adhesion to hTERT-PBECs could be specifically inhibited by an anti-NFOR polyclonal antibody, and the rates of adhesion to both high- and low-virulence strains, 168 and 168L, significantly decreased by more than 40%. Moreover, Mhp NFOR not only recognized and interacted with host fibronectin and plasminogen but also induced cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis in hTERT-PBECs. The release of lactate dehydrogenase by hTERT-PBECs incubated with Mhp NFOR was significantly positively correlated with the virulence of Mhp. Overall, in addition to being a metabolic enzyme related to oxidative stress, NFOR may also function as a potential novel virulence factor of Mhp, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of Mhp; these findings provide new ideas and theoretical support for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of other mycoplasmas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xie
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanna Wei
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a disease that impacts the swine industry worldwide. Pathogen-induced damage, as well as the elicited host-response, contribute to disease. Here, we provide an overview of EP epidemiology, control and prevention, and a more in-depth review of M. hyopneumoniae pathogenicity determinants, highlighting some molecular mechanisms of pathogen-host interactions relevant for pathogenesis. Based on recent functional, immunological, and comparative “omics” results, we discuss the roles of many known or putative M. hyopneumoniae virulence factors, along with host molecules involved in EP. Moreover, the known molecular bases of pathogenicity mechanisms, including M. hyopneumoniae adhesion to host respiratory epithelium, protein secretion, cell damage, host microbicidal response and its modulation, and maintenance of M. hyopneumoniae homeostasis during infection are described. Recent findings regarding M. hyopneumoniae pathogenicity determinants also contribute to the development of novel diagnostic tests, vaccines, and treatments for EP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M A Leal Zimmer
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Andrade Paes
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS , Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ning Y, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Wen Y, Xu Z, Tian Y, Yang M, Wang X, Yang Y, Ding H. Elevated Mhp462 antibody induced by natural infection but not in vitro culture of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04832. [PMID: 32923730 PMCID: PMC7476235 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the respiratory pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory infectious disease that causes substantial pecuniary losses to pig husbandry worldwide. Commercial bacterins only provide incomplete protection and do not prevent the colonization and transmission of M. hyopneumoniae. Identification of new protective antigens is a key imperative for the development of more effective novel vaccine. The objective of this study was to evaluate antibody responses of 27 recombinant proteins in convalescent sera obtained from pigs that were naturally infected with M. hyopneumoniae. Fifteen proteins were identified as serological immunodominant antigens, while 3 proteins were not recognized by any convalescent serum. Moreover, Mhp462, a leucine aminopeptidase, was found to be a discriminative serological immunodominant antigen which reacted with convalescent sera but not with hyperimmune sera. The serological immunodominant proteins were antigenic and were expressed during infection; this suggests that these proteins (especially the discriminative one) are potential candidate antigens for the development of next generation vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Ning
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaoqin Zhou
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zhaodi Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yukang Wen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zuobo Xu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaqin Tian
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yujiao Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kamminga T, Benis N, Martins Dos Santos V, Bijlsma JJE, Schaap PJ. Combined Transcriptome Sequencing of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Infected Pig Lung Tissue Reveals Up-Regulation of Bacterial F1-Like ATPase and Down-Regulation of the P102 Cilium Adhesin in vivo. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1679. [PMID: 32765473 PMCID: PMC7379848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) causes enzootic pneumonia in pigs but it is still largely unknown which host-pathogen interactions enable persistent infection and cause disease. In this study, we analyzed the host and bacterial transcriptomes during infection using RNA sequencing. Comparison of the transcriptome of lung lesion tissue from infected pigs with lung tissue from non-infected animals, identified 424 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 1.5LOG2). These genes were part of the following major pathways of the immune system: interleukin signaling (type 4, 10, 13, and 18), regulation of Toll-like receptors by endogenous ligand and activation of C3 and C5 in the complement system. Besides analyzing the lung transcriptome, a sampling protocol was developed to obtain enough bacterial mRNA from infected lung tissue for RNA sequencing. This was done by flushing infected lobes in the lung, and subsequently enriching for bacterial RNA. On average, 2.2 million bacterial reads were obtained per biological replicate to analyze the bacterial in vivo transcriptome. We compared the in vivo bacterial transcriptome with the transcriptome of bacteria grown in vitro and identified 22 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated genes (FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 2LOG2). Six out of seven genes in the operon encoding the mycoplasma specific F1-like ATPase (MHP_RS02445-MHP_RS02475) and all genes in the operon MHP_RS01965-MHP_RS01990 with functions related to nucleotide metabolism, spermidine transport and glycerol-3-phoshate transport were up-regulated in vivo. Down-regulated in vivo were genes related to glycerol uptake, cilium adhesion (P102), cell division and myo-inositol metabolism. In addition to providing a novel method to isolate bacterial mRNA from infected lung, this study provided insights into changes in gene expression during infection, which could help development of novel treatment strategies against enzootic pneumonia caused by M. hyopneumoniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjerko Kamminga
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Bioprocess Technology and Support, MSD Animal Health, Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | - Nirupama Benis
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Vitor Martins Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic profile of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolates from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:377-384. [PMID: 31797326 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, responsible for major production losses worldwide. The bacteria have a limited metabolism and need to obtain molecules from the growth environment, which causes multiple difficulties for in vitro culture. These limitations have a negative influence on the ability to carry out research for the development of the rational use of antimicrobials and vaccines. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the genetic profile and in vitro susceptibility of field isolates of M. hyopneumoniae to different antimicrobials. All 16 isolates obtained from the samples presented 100% of identity in the partial sequence of 16S rRNA gene when compared to M. hyopneumoniae. A dendrogram was created using the PCR results of the genes related to pathogenicity, and the isolates were distributed into four clusters, suggesting genetic variability among four different isolates circulating on the same farm. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the isolates was higher for the antimicrobials tylosin (< 0.001-16 mg/L) and spiramycin (< 0.001-16 mg/L) than for enrofloxacin (< 0.001-0.125 mg/L) and tiamulin (< 0.001-0.125 mg/L). Our results demonstrate the genetic variability among M. hyopneumoniae isolates from pigs of the same farm, with differences in their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
|
8
|
Assao VS, Scatamburlo TM, Araujo EN, Santos MR, Pereira CER, Guedes RMC, Bressan GC, Fietto JLR, Chang YF, Moreira MAS, Silva-Júnior A. Genetic variation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from Brazilian field samples. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:234. [PMID: 31660853 PMCID: PMC6819545 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine enzootic pneumonia is a worldwide problem in swine production. The infected host demonstrates a respiratory disease whose etiologic agent is Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp). A total of 266 lung samples with Mycoplasma-like lesions were collected from two slaughterhouses. We analyzed the genetic profile of Mhp field samples using 16 genes that encode proteins involved in the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and/or the immune responses of the host. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to classify the Mhp field samples based on their similarity according to the presence of the studied genes. RESULTS Our results showed variations in the frequency of the 16 studied genes among different Mhp field samples. It was also noted that samples from the same farm were genetically different from each other and samples from different regions could be genetically similar, which is evidence of the presence of different genetic profiles among the Mhp field strains that circulate in Brazilian swine herds. CONCLUSION This work demonstrated the genetic diversity of several Mhp field strains based on 16 selected genes related to virulence and/or immune response in Brazil. Our findings demonstrate the difference between Mhp field strains could influence the virulence, and we hypothesize that the most frequent genes in Mhp field strains could possibly be used as vaccine candidates. Based on our results, we suspect that Mhp genetic variability may be associated with the frequency of genes among the field strains and we have demonstrated that some Mhp field samples could not have many important genes described in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding H, Zhou Y, Wang H. Development of an indirect ELISA for detecting humoral immunodominant proteins of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae which can discriminate between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:327. [PMID: 31511007 PMCID: PMC6739915 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumonia, which has been associated with economic losses due to reduced daily weight gain and feed efficiency. Although it has a small genome and no more than 1000 genes, M. hyopneumoniae can be cultured in cell free media. However, some proteins were not expressed or were only expressed in negligible amounts under culture conditions. Nevertheless, some of these proteins can be expressed at a high level and induce a strong and rapid immune response after M. hyopneumoniae infection. The unexpressed or less expressed proteins may play critical roles in pathogenesis and/or immune response. In order to find the differentially expressed proteins of M. hyopneumoniae between culture condition and infected animals, we established an indirect ELISA for the detection of humoral immunodominant proteins which can discriminate between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera by using Mhp366 protein which did not react with sera from bacterin-immunized pigs, but revealed a strong immunoreaction with porcine convalescent sera. Results The checkerboard titration method was done by using porcine convalescent sera as positive sera and inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera as negative sera. The bacterial lysates of fusion proteins and free GST protein without dilution were the optimal coating antigens. The optimal blocking buffer was PBS with 10% FBS and 2.5% skimmed milk. In the checkboard ELISAs, when the sera were diluted at 1:500 and the HRP-labeled rabbit anti-pig IgG were diluted at 1:20000, most positive result was obtained for the assay. Conclusions This established indirect ELISA can be used as a tool for the detection of humoral immunodominant proteins of M. hyopneumoniae which can discriminate between inactivated bacterin-induced hyperimmune sera and convalescent sera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ding
- Laboratory of Veterinary Lemology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing Municipality, 400715, China.
| | - Yaoqin Zhou
- Laboratory of Veterinary Lemology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing Municipality, 400715, China
| | - Haoju Wang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Lemology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing Municipality, 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schumacher M, Nicholson P, Stoffel MH, Chandran S, D’Mello A, Ma L, Vashee S, Jores J, Labroussaa F. Evidence for the Cytoplasmic Localization of the L-α-Glycerophosphate Oxidase in Members of the " Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster". Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1344. [PMID: 31275271 PMCID: PMC6593217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster" are important animal pathogens causing diseases including contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, which are of utmost importance in Africa or Asia. Even if all existing vaccines have shortcomings, vaccination of herds is still considered the best way to fight mycoplasma diseases, especially with the recent and dramatic increase of antimicrobial resistance observed in many mycoplasma species. A new generation of vaccines will benefit from a better understanding of the pathogenesis of mycoplasmas, which is very patchy up to now. In particular, surface-exposed virulence traits are likely to induce a protective immune response when formulated in a vaccine. The candidate virulence factor L-α-glycerophosphate oxidase (GlpO), shared by many mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, was suggested to be a surface-exposed enzyme in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides responsible for the production of hydrogen peroxide directly into the host cells. We produced a glpO isogenic mutant GM12::YCpMmyc1.1-ΔglpO using in-yeast synthetic genomics tools including the tandem-repeat endonuclease cleavage (TREC) technique followed by the back-transplantation of the engineered genome into a mycoplasma recipient cell. GlpO localization in the mutant and its parental strain was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We obtained conflicting results and this led us to re-evaluate the localization of GlpO using a combination of in silico and in vitro techniques, such as Triton X-114 fractionation or tryptic shaving followed by immunoblotting. Our in vitro results unambiguously support the finding that GlpO is a cytoplasmic protein throughout the "Mycoplasma mycoides cluster." Thus, the use of GlpO as a candidate vaccine antigen is unlikely to induce a protective immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schumacher
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pamela Nicholson
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Adonis D’Mello
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Li Ma
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Sanjay Vashee
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Joerg Jores
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paes JA, Machado LDPN, Dos Anjos Leal FM, De Moraes SN, Moura H, Barr JR, Ferreira HB. Comparative proteomics of two Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains and Mycoplasma flocculare identified potential porcine enzootic pneumonia determinants. Virulence 2019; 9:1230-1246. [PMID: 30027802 PMCID: PMC6104684 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1499379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma flocculare are genetically similar bacteria, which coinhabit the porcine respiratory tract. These mycoplasmas share most of the known virulence factors, but, while M. hyopneumoniae causes porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEP), M. flocculare is a commensal species. To identify potential PEP determinants and provide novel insights on mycoplasma-host interactions, the whole cell proteomes of two M. hyopneumoniae strains, one pathogenic (7448) and other non-pathogenic (J), and M. flocculare were compared. A cell fractioning approach combined with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics was used to analyze cytoplasmic and surface-enriched protein fractions. Average detection of ~ 50% of the predicted proteomes of M. hyopneumoniae 7448 and J, and M. flocculare was achieved. Many of the identified proteins were differentially represented in M. hyopneumoniae 7448 in comparison to M. hyopneumoniae J and M. flocculare, including potential PEP determinants, such as adhesins, proteases, and redox-balancing proteins, among others. The LC-MS/MS data also provided experimental validation for several genes previously regarded as hypothetical for all analyzed mycoplasmas, including some coding for proteins bearing virulence-related functional domains. The comprehensive proteome profiling of two M. hyopneumoniae strains and M. flocculare provided tens of novel candidates to PEP determinants or virulence factors, beyond those classically described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Andrade Paes
- a Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Lais Del Prá Netto Machado
- a Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Munhoz Dos Anjos Leal
- a Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Sofia Nóbrega De Moraes
- a Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Hercules Moura
- b Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences , National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - John R Barr
- b Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences , National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- a Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Emerging Antibiotic Resistance in Mycoplasma Microorganisms, Designing Effective and Novel Drugs / Therapeutic Targets: Current Knowledge and Futuristic Prospects. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.1.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
13
|
Maschio VJ, Virginio VG, Ferreira HB, Rott MB. Comparative proteomic analysis of soluble and surface-enriched proteins from Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2018; 225:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Yu Y, Wang H, Wang J, Feng Z, Wu M, Liu B, Xin J, Xiong Q, Liu M, Shao G. Elongation Factor Thermo Unstable (EF-Tu) Moonlights as an Adhesin on the Surface of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by Binding to Fibronectin. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:974. [PMID: 29867877 PMCID: PMC5962738 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a colonizing respiratory pathogen that can cause great economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Although putative virulence factors have been reported, the pathogenesis of this species remains unclear. Here, we used the virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain 168 to infect swine tracheal epithelial cells (STEC) to identify the infection-associated factors by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Whole proteins of M. hyopneumoniae were obtained and compared with samples cultured in broth. Six differentially expressed proteins with an increase in abundance of ≥1.5 in the cell infection group were successfully identified. A String network of virulence-associated proteins showed that all the six differential abundance proteins were involved in virulence of M. hyopneumoniae. One of the most important upregulated hubs in this network, elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu), which showed a relatively higher expression in M. hyopneumoniae-infected STEC and obtained a higher score on mass spectrometry was successfully recombined. In addition to its canonical enzymatic activities in protein synthesis, EF-Tu was also reported to be located on the cell surface as an important adhesin in many other pathogens. The cell surface location of EF-Tu was then observed in M. hyopneumoniae with flow cytometry. Recombinant EF-Tu (rEF-Tu) was found to be able to adhere to STEC and anti-rEF-Tu antibody enclosed M. hyopneumoniae decreased adherence to STEC. In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis showed that rEF-Tu could bind to fibronectin with a specific and moderately strong interaction, a dissociation constant (KD) of 605 nM. Furthermore, the block of fibronectin in STEC also decreased the binding of M. hyopneumoniae to the cell surface. Collectively, these data imply EF-Tu as an important adhesin of M. hyopneumoniae and fibronectin as an indispensable receptor on STEC. The binding between EF-Tu with fibronectin contributes to the adhesion of M. hyopneumoniae to STEC. HIGHLIGHTSElongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu) exists on the cell surface of M. hyopneumoniae. EF-Tu moonlights as an adhesin of M. hyopneumoniae. The adhesive effect of EF-Tu is partly meditated by fibronectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine & National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine & National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine & National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine & National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine & National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine & National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiuqing Xin
- National Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia Reference Laboratory, Division of Bacterial Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine & National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Maojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine & National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine & National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Galvao Ferrarini M, Mucha SG, Parrot D, Meiffrein G, Ruggiero Bachega JF, Comte G, Zaha A, Sagot MF. Hydrogen peroxide production and myo-inositol metabolism as important traits for virulence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Mol Microbiol 2018; 108:683-696. [PMID: 29624763 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the causative agent of enzootic pneumonia. In our previous work, we reconstructed the metabolic models of this species along with two other mycoplasmas from the respiratory tract of swine: Mycoplasma hyorhinis, considered less pathogenic but which nonetheless causes disease and Mycoplasma flocculare, a commensal bacterium. We identified metabolic differences that partially explained their different levels of pathogenicity. One important trait was the production of hydrogen peroxide from the glycerol metabolism only in the pathogenic species. Another important feature was a pathway for the metabolism of myo-inositol in M. hyopneumoniae. Here, we tested these traits to understand their relation to the different levels of pathogenicity, comparing not only the species but also pathogenic and attenuated strains of M. hyopneumoniae. Regarding the myo-inositol metabolism, we show that only M. hyopneumoniae assimilated this carbohydrate and remained viable when myo-inositol was the primary energy source. Strikingly, only the two pathogenic strains of M. hyopneumoniae produced hydrogen peroxide in complex medium. We also show that this production was dependent on the presence of glycerol. Although further functional tests are needed, we present in this work two interesting metabolic traits of M. hyopneumoniae that might be directly related to its enhanced virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Galvao Ferrarini
- ERABLE Team, Institut Nationale de Recherche en Informatique et Automation, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.,Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Scheila Gabriele Mucha
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Delphine Parrot
- ERABLE Team, Institut Nationale de Recherche en Informatique et Automation, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Meiffrein
- Centre d'Etude des Substances Naturelles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jose Fernando Ruggiero Bachega
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacociencias, Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gilles Comte
- Centre d'Etude des Substances Naturelles, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marie-France Sagot
- ERABLE Team, Institut Nationale de Recherche en Informatique et Automation, Villeurbanne, France.,Laboratoire de Biometrie et Biologie Evolutive, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Berry IJ, Jarocki VM, Tacchi JL, Raymond BBA, Widjaja M, Padula MP, Djordjevic SP. N-terminomics identifies widespread endoproteolysis and novel methionine excision in a genome-reduced bacterial pathogen. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11063. [PMID: 28894154 PMCID: PMC5593965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic processing alters protein function. Here we present the first systems-wide analysis of endoproteolysis in the genome-reduced pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. 669 N-terminal peptides from 164 proteins were identified, demonstrating that functionally diverse proteins are processed, more than half of which 75 (53%) were accessible on the cell surface. Multiple cleavage sites were characterised, but cleavage with arginine in P1 predominated. Putative functions for a subset of cleaved fragments were assigned by affinity chromatography using heparin, actin, plasminogen and fibronectin as bait. Binding affinity was correlated with the number of cleavages in a protein, indicating that novel binding motifs are exposed, and protein disorder increases, after a cleavage event. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used as a model protein to demonstrate this. We define the rules governing methionine excision, show that several aminopeptidases are involved, and propose that through processing, genome-reduced organisms can expand protein function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iain J Berry
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jessica L Tacchi
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Benjamin B A Raymond
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Widjaja
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Matthew P Padula
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,Proteomics Core Facility, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Functional characterization of single-domain cystatin-like cysteine proteinase inhibitors expressed by the trematode Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology 2017; 144:1695-1707. [PMID: 28697819 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cystatins are small, phylogenetically conserved proteins that are tight-binding inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. The liver fluke Fasciola hepatica uses a diverse set of cysteine proteinases of the papain superfamily for host invasion, immune evasion and nutrition, but little is known about the regulation of these enzymes. The aim of this work is to characterize the cystatin repertoire of F. hepatica. For this purpose, we first surveyed the available sequence databases, identifying three different F. hepatica single-domain cystatins. In agreement with the in silico predictions, at least three small proteins with cysteine proteinase binding activity were identified. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the three cystatins (named FhStf-1, -2 and -3) are members of the I25A subfamily (stefins). Whereas FhStf-1 grouped with classical stefins, FhStf-2 and 3 fell in a divergent stefin subgroup unusually featuring signal peptides. Recombinant rFhStf-1, -2 and -3 had potent inhibitory activity against F. hepatica cathepsin L cysteine proteinases but differed in their capacity to inhibit mammalian cathepsin B, L and C. FhStf-1 was localized in the F. hepatica reproductive organs (testes and ovary), and at the surface lamella of the adult gut, where it may regulate cysteine proteinases related with reproduction and digestion, respectively. FhStf-1 was also detected among F. hepatica excretion-secretion (E/S) products of adult flukes. This suggests that it is secreted by non-classical secretory pathway and that it may interact with host lysosomal cysteine proteinases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Paes JA, Lorenzatto KR, de Moraes SN, Moura H, Barr JR, Ferreira HB. Secretomes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma flocculare reveal differences associated to pathogenesis. J Proteomics 2017; 154:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Dietz S, Lassek C, Mack SL, Ritzmann M, Stadler J, Becher D, Hoelzle K, Riedel K, Hoelzle LE. Updating the proteome of the uncultivable hemotrophic Mycoplasma suis in experimentally infected pigs. Proteomics 2015; 16:609-13. [PMID: 26678042 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma suis belongs to the hemotrophic mycoplasmas that are associated with acute and chronic anemia in a wide range of livestock and wild animals. The inability to culture M. suis in vitro has hindered its characterization at the molecular level. Since the publication of M. suis genome sequences in 2011 only one proteome study has been published. Aim of the presented study was to significantly extend the proteome coverage of M. suis strain KI_3806 during acute infection by applying three different protein extraction methods followed by 1D SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS. A total of 404 of 795 M. suis KI_3806 proteins (50.8%) were identified. Data analysis revealed the expression of 83.7% of the predicted ORFs with assigned functions but also highlights the expression of 179 of 523 (34.2%) hypothetical proteins with unknown functions. Computational analyses identified expressed membrane-associated hypothetical proteins that might be involved in adhesion or host-pathogen interaction. Furthermore, analyses of the expressed proteins indicated the existence of a hexose-6-phosphate-transporter and an ECF transporter. In conclusion, our proteome study provides a further step toward the elucidation of the unique life cycle of M. suis and the establishment of an in vitro culture. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002294 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD002294).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dietz
- Department of Environmental and Animal Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Lassek
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sarah-Lena Mack
- Department of Environmental and Animal Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mathias Ritzmann
- Clinic for Swine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Julia Stadler
- Clinic for Swine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Hoelzle
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katharina Riedel
- Institute of Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ludwig E Hoelzle
- Department of Environmental and Animal Hygiene, Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|