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Taylor CS, McMahon MV, Ward ZJ, Alarid-Escudero F, Camargo MC, Laszkowska M, Roa J, Yeh JM. Birth cohort and age-specific trends in global Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence: a scoping review. LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. AMERICAS 2025; 41:100877. [PMID: 40321652 PMCID: PMC12049731 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2025]
Abstract
Gastric cancer persists around the world as one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, despite declines in recent years. The declining prevalence of H pylori, the primary risk factor for gastric cancer, has contributed to this reduction and understanding changes in seroprevalence trends over time may yield further insight into gastric cancer incidence trends. We conducted a scoping review to compile data on H pylori seroprevalence in asymptomatic populations to assess global trends by age and birth cohort. We found that published data suggest H pylori seroprevalence declined among recent birth cohorts and increased with age, with trends differing between regions and sub-regions subject to data availability. The Americas lacked sufficient data to enable more robust assessment of H pylori trends by both age and birth cohort. Funding NCI: U01CA265729, P30 CA008748; NIDDK: K08 DK125876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea S. Taylor
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zachary J. Ward
- Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Alarid-Escudero
- Center for Health Policy, Department of Health Policy, Freeman Spogli Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - M. Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Monika Laszkowska
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge Roa
- Data Science Lab, Hertie School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer M. Yeh
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Ghadersoltani P, Shoraka S, Sadjadi A, Saniee P. Long-term assessment of Helicobacter pylori cagA EPIYA motif changes and pathology outcomes in gastric biopsies of dyspeptic patients: 10-year follow-up. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:466. [PMID: 39702056 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori exhibit considerable genetic diversity, especially in the cagA gene, which is prone to rearrangement, affecting gastric pathology. This study aims to identify changes in the cagA EPIYA motif patterns and gastric pathology during long-term colonization and to explore how factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, gender, and age influence these changes. METHODS Paired formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) gastric biopsies from 100 H. pylori-positive patients with digestive disorders obtained 10 years apart. After DNA extraction, the presence of H. pylori was detected by PCR amplification of the 16 S rRNA gene, and the cagA gene and its EPIYA motif patterns were identified by PCR using specific primers. RESULTS Our results showed that 90% and 91% of primary and secondary samples were cagA positive respectively. The most frequent patterns were AB and ABC, and in 52% of patients, notable changes occurred in the motif pattern of cagA. The most frequent gastric pathology was chronic inflammation in both sets of samplings and in 45% of patients, changes in pathology outcomes were reported. A significant association was found between changes in pathology outcomes and gender (P = 0.01), with alterations observed in 24 male patients and 21 female patients, and between changes in pathology outcomes and smoking (P = 0.00). Among those with changes in pathology outcomes, only 18 patients had smoking habits, indicating a potential inverse correlation between smoking and the observed changes. A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between smoking, gender, changes in cagA and alterations in gastric pathology. The finding revealed no significant relationship with smoking (P = 0.978 OR = 1.012) and gender (P = 0.901, OR = 0.950), but identified a significant association with changes in the cagA gene (p = 0.001, OR = 0.296), CONCLUSION: he study highlights substantial heterogeneity in the cagA EPIYA motif patterns in long-term H. pylori colonization and notes an inverse relationship between pathology outcomes and smoking, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Ghadersoltani
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Shoraka
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadjadi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Saniee
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Yoon HS, Shu XO, Cai H, Zheng W, Wu J, Wen W, Courtney R, Shidal C, Waterboer T, Blot WJ, Cai Q. Associations of lung cancer risk with biomarkers of Helicobacter pylori infection. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:538-546. [PMID: 35605986 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection has been suggested to be associated with lung cancer risk. However, information is lacking on whether the association differs by H. pylori antigen. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Southern Community Cohort Study, including 295 incident lung cancer cases and 295 controls. Helicobacter pylori multiplex serology assay was performed to detect antibodies to 15 H. pylori proteins. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (95% CIs) after adjustment for covariates. Overall H. pylori+ was associated with a non-statistically significant increased risk of lung cancer (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.85-1.95). Significant associations, however, were observed for H. pylori+ VacA+ (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.02-2.62) and H. pylori+ Catalase+ (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.11-2.77). The positive association of H. pylori+ Catalase+ with lung cancer risk was predominantly seen among African Americans (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.11-3.95) but not European Americans (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.56-2.54). Among participants who smoked ≥ 30 pack-years, overall H. pylori+ (OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.02-3.35), H. pylori+ CagA+ (OR: 2.77; 95% CI: 1.35-5.70), H. pylori+ VacA+ (OR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.25-5.13) and H. pylori+ HP1564+ (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.07-3.77) were associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Our study provides novel evidence that associations of H. pylori infection with lung cancer risk differ by H. pylori biomarker, may be more evident among African Americans and may be modified by smoking habits. Furthermore, studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Suk Yoon
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Regina Courtney
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Chris Shidal
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William J Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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4
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Padda J, Khalid K, Cooper AC, Jean-Charles G. Association Between Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Carcinoma. Cureus 2021; 13:e15165. [PMID: 34168929 PMCID: PMC8216031 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In 2018, the incidence of gastric carcinoma worldwide was over 1,000,000 new cases, with approximately 783,000 deaths. The rate of new cases is noticeably increased in Eastern Asia. Helicobacter pylori is responsible for the increased incidence of gastric cancer. In the year 2015, H. pylori had an approximate prevalence of 4.4 billion positive cases worldwide, with the most positive cases found within the region of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and of Asia. H. pylori is known to have multiple strains which allow it to survive in the host cell epithelium chronically. Research has shown many factors which play a significant role in developing infection and thereafter its progression to gastric carcinoma. After H. pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa, its effects can be potentiated by virulence factors, host factors, and environmental factors. H. pylori contains virulence factors that aid in the adhesion, translocation, inflammation, and infectivity of the host gastric epithelium. It alters the functions of the host immune response and cytokines, utilizing these factors to invade and persist in the gastric epithelium for a long period of time. The human body will identify H. pylori to be foreign and will exacerbate an inflammatory response in an effort to eradicate the bacterium. Consequently, this will cause H. pylori to induce a serious infection which may progress to cancer. In this review, we will discuss the various factors involved in the infectious process of H. pylori and how they help the infection progress to gastric carcinoma. This will allow us to better understand and modulate treatments to effectively eradicate this bacterium before it triggers the body into developing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gutteridge Jean-Charles
- Internal Medicine, Advent Health and Orlando Health Hospital/JC Medical Center, Orlando, USA
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Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in Spain: influence of adult and childhood sociodemographic factors. Eur J Cancer Prev 2020; 28:294-303. [PMID: 30489354 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) chronic infection causes severe digestive diseases, including gastric cancer, and certain strains entail a higher risk. Risk factors for this infection are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to describe the association of adult and childhood sociodemographic factors with the seroprevalence of H. pylori, and with CagA and VacA antigen-specific seropositivity among H. pylori-seropositive individuals in the Spanish adult population. Serum antibody reactivity to H. pylori proteins was evaluated using multiplex serology in 2555 population-based controls enrolled in the MCC-Spain study, a multicase-control study recruiting participants from 2008 to 2013 in different areas of Spain. H. pylori seroprevalence was defined as seropositivity against at least four bacterial proteins. Information on sociodemographics, lifestyles, and environmental exposures was collected through personal interviews. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models to assess the association of lifetime sociodemographic factors with H. pylori seroprevalence and with seropositivity for CagA and VacA. H. pylori seroprevalence was 87.2%. Seropositivity was statistically significantly higher in men, increased with age, BMI, and number of siblings, and decreased with education and socioeconomic family level at birth. Among H. pylori-seropositive individuals, seropositivity was 53.3% for CagA, 61.4% for VacA, and 38.8% for both CagA and VacA. Ever smokers had lower seroprevalence for CagA and VacA than never smokers. H. pylori seroprevalence among this Spanish adult population was high and one third of the population was seropositive for two well-known markers of gastric cancer risk: CagA and VacA. Sex, age, education, and BMI were associated with H. pylori seroprevalence.
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Ferro A, Morais S, Pelucchi C, Aragonés N, Kogevinas M, López-Carrillo L, Malekzadeh R, Tsugane S, Hamada GS, Hidaka A, Hernández-Ramírez RU, López-Cervantes M, Zaridze D, Maximovitch D, Pourfarzi F, Zhang ZF, Yu GP, Pakseresht M, Ye W, Plymoth A, Leja M, Gasenko E, Derakhshan MH, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Peleteiro B, Lunet N. Smoking and Helicobacter pylori infection: an individual participant pooled analysis (Stomach Cancer Pooling- StoP Project). Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 28:390-396. [PMID: 30272597 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Smoking has been associated with acquisition and increased persistence of Helicobacter pylori infection, as well as with lower effectiveness of its eradication. A greater prevalence of infection among smokers could contribute to the increased risk for gastric cancer. We aimed to estimate the association between smoking and seropositivity to H. pylori through an individual participant data pooled analysis using controls from 14 case-control studies participating in the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project. Summary odds ratios and prevalence ratios (PRs), adjusted for age, sex and social class, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I statistic and publication bias with Egger's test. There was no significant association between smoking (ever vs. never) and H. pylori seropositivity (adjusted odds ratio = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.89-1.32; adjusted PR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.98-1.05). The strength of the association did not increase with the intensity or duration of smoking; stratified analyses according to sex, age, region or type of sample did not yield a consistent pattern of variation or statistically significant results, except for participants younger than 55 years and who had been smoking for more than 30 years (adjusted PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.15). This is the first collaborative analysis providing pooled estimates for the association between smoking and H. pylori seropositivity, based on detailed and uniform information and adjusting for major covariates. The results do not support an association between smoking and H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferro
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública
| | | | | | - Nuria Aragonés
- Department of Health of Madrid, Epidemiology Section, Public Health Division
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raúl U Hernández-Ramírez
- Mexico National Institute of Public Health, Morelos
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | | | - David Zaridze
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Maximovitch
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Farhad Pourfarzi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guo-Pei Yu
- Medical Informatics Center, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Mohammadreza Pakseresht
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelie Plymoth
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcis Leja
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga
| | - Evita Gasenko
- Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga
| | - Mohammad H Derakhshan
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bárbara Peleteiro
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Lu C, Yu Y, Li L, Yu C, Xu P. Systematic review of the relationship of Helicobacter pylori infection with geographical latitude, average annual temperature and average daily sunshine. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:50. [PMID: 29665777 PMCID: PMC5905136 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a worldwide threat to human health with high prevalence. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between latitude, average annual temperature, average daily sunshine time and H. pylori infection. METHODS The PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov , EBSCO and Web of Science databases were searched to identify studies reporting H. pylori infection. Latitude 30° was the cut-off level for low and mid-latitude areas. We obtained information for latitude, average annual temperature, average daily sunshine, and Human Development Index (HDI) from reports of studies of the relationships with H. pylori infection. RESULTS Of the 51 studies included, there was significant difference in H. pylori infection between the low- and mid-latitude areas (P = 0.05). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of H. pylori infection in each 15°-latitude zone analyzed (P = 0.061). Subgroup analysis revealed the highest and lowest H. pylori infection rates in the developing regions at > 30° latitude subgroup and the developed regions at < 30° latitude subgroup, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that average annual temperature, average daily sunshine time and HDI were significantly correlated with H. pylori infection (P = 0.009, P < 0.001, P < 0.001), while there was no correlation between H. pylori infection and latitude. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis showed that higher average annual temperature was associated with lower H. pylori infection rates, while average daily sunshine time correlated positively with H. pylori infection. HDI was also found to be a significant factor, with higher HDI associated with lower infection rates. These findings provide evidence that can be used to devise strategies for the prevention and control of H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
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8
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Paredes-Osses E, Sáez K, Sanhueza E, Hebel S, González C, Briceño C, García Cancino A. Association between cagA, vacAi, and dupA genes of Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal pathologies in Chilean patients. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 62:437-444. [PMID: 28283946 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the already known cagA gene, novel genetic markers have been associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) virulence: the dupA and vacAi genes. These genes might play an important role as specific markers to determine the clinical outcome of the disease, especially the vacAi gene, which has been expected to be a good marker of severe pathologies like gastric adenocarcinoma. In the present study, the association of cagA, dupA, and vacAi genes with gastroduodenal pathologies in Chilean patients was studied. One hundred and thirty-two patients positive for H. pylori were divided into two groups-non-severe and severe gastric pathologies-and investigated for the presence of cagA, dupA, and vacAi H. pylori virulence genes by PCR. The cagA gene was detected in 20/132 patients (15.2%), the vacAi1 gene was detected in 54/132 patients (40.9%), the vacAi2 gene was detected in 26/132 patients (19.7%), and the dupA gene was detected in 50/132 (37.9%) patients. Logistic regression model analysis showed that the vacAi1 isoform gene in the infected strains and the severity of the diseases outcome were highly associated, causing severe gastric damage that may lead to gastric cancer (p < 0.0001; OR = 8.75; 95% CI 3.54-21.64). Conversely, cagA (p = 0.3507; OR = 1.62; 95% CI 0.59-4.45) and vacAi2 (p = 0.0114; OR = 3.09; 95% CI 1.26-7.60) genes were not associated with damage, while the dupA gene was associated significantly with non-severe clinical outcome (p = 0.0032; OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.09-0.65). In addition, dupA gene exerts protection against severe gastric pathologies induced by vacAi1 by delaying the outcome of the disease by approximately 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Paredes-Osses
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Faculty of Biologics Sciences, University of Concepcion, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Katia Sáez
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physics and Math's Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Enrique Sanhueza
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Faculty of Biologics Sciences, University of Concepcion, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Sonja Hebel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biologics Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Carlos González
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biologics Sciences, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Carlos Briceño
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Apolinaria García Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Faculty of Biologics Sciences, University of Concepcion, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepcion, Chile.
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Thi Huyen Trang T, Thanh Binh T, Yamaoka Y. Relationship between vacA Types and Development of Gastroduodenal Diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8060182. [PMID: 27294955 PMCID: PMC4926148 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8060182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is a secreted pore-forming toxin and a major virulence factor in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. While VacA is present in almost all strains, only some forms are toxigenic and pathogenic. While vacA and its genotypes are considered as markers of H. pylori-related diseases or disorders, the pathophysiological mechanisms of VacA and its genotypes remain controversial. This review outlines key findings of publications regarding vacA with emphasis on the relationship between vacA genotypes and the development of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Huyen Trang
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Thanh Binh
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Endoscopy, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-Machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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10
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Zhang RG, Duan GC, Fan QT, Chen SY. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2016; 7:97-107. [PMID: 26909232 PMCID: PMC4753193 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v7.i1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common carcinoma and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes a series of precancerous lesions like gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, and is the strongest known risk factor for GC, as supported by epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies. However, the mechanism of H. pylori developing gastric carcinoma has not been well defined. Among infected individuals, approximately 10% develop severe gastric lesions such as peptic ulcer disease, 1%-3% progresses to GC. The outcomes of H. pylori infection are determined by bacterial virulence, genetic polymorphism of hosts as well as environmental factors. It is important to gain further understanding of the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection for developing more effective treatments for this common but deadly malignancy. The recent findings on the bacterial virulence factors, effects of H. pylori on epithelial cells, genetic polymorphism of both the bacterium and its host, and the environmental factors for GC are discussed with focus on the role of H. pylori in gastric carcinogenesis in this review.
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Di Ciaula A. Increased deaths from gastric cancer in communities living close to waste landfills. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2015; 26:281-290. [PMID: 26540187 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2015.1109069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Municipal waste landfills (MWLs) have been linked with some malignancies, but data about gastric cancer (GC) are still uncertain. METHODS Number of deaths from GC, death rates, and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated considering all residents in the 258 towns in the Apulia Region (4,099,547 subjects, years 2006-2009), living within 3 km from each of the 16 regional MWLs (n = 716,404) or in control areas (n = 3,383,143). RESULTS Males living close to MWLs showed a higher death rate for GC, a twofold higher mean number of GC deaths and higher adjusted ORs of GC, compared with controls areas. CONCLUSIONS In a large population and over a wide time period, an increased risk of death from GC has been shown in males living in communities close to MWLs. Primary prevention policies acting through more sustainable waste management might probably partially reduce deaths from GC in areas with MWLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- a Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Bisceglie (BAT) Italy ; International Society of Doctors for Environment (ISDE) , Arezzo , Italy
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Abstract
Three decades have passed since Warren and Marshall described the successful isolation and culture of Helicobacter pylori, the Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach of half the human population worldwide. Although it is documented that H. pylori infection is implicated in a range of disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, as well as associated organs, many aspects relating to host colonization, successful persistence, and the pathophysiological mechanisms of this bacteria still remain controversial and are constantly being explored. Unceasing efforts to decipher the pathophysiology of H. pylori infection have illuminated the crucially important contribution of multifarious bacterial factors for H. pylori pathogenesis, in particular the cag pathogenicity island (PAI), the effector protein CagA, and the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA. In addition, recent studies have provided insight into the importance of the gastrointestinal microbiota on the cumulative pathophysiology associated with H. pylori infection. This review focuses on the key findings of publications related to the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection published during the last year, with an emphasis on factors affecting colonization efficiency, cagPAI, CagA, VacA, and gastrointestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tran Thi Huyen Trang
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-City, Oita 879-5593, Japan,Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Correction: Relationship between tobacco, IcagA and vacA i1 virulence factors and bacterial load in patients infected by Helicobacter pylori. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126540. [PMID: 25874793 PMCID: PMC4398564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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