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Yuan P, Lian Z, Wang Y, Zhang C, Jin H, Du J, Huang Y, Liao Y. Poincaré plot can help predict the curative effect of metoprolol for pediatric postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1280172. [PMID: 38033543 PMCID: PMC10682374 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1280172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study whether a Poincaré plot can help predict the curative effect of metoprolol for postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in children. Methods Pediatric patients with POTS who were administered metoprolol were retrospectively included. The collected data included general data (sex, age, height, weight, and body mass index), the manifestations and treatment (baseline orthostatic intolerance symptom score and course of metoprolol treatment), vital signs (supine heart rate [HR], supine blood pressure, and increased HR during the standing test), HR variability indexes (standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals [SDNN]; standard deviation of the averages of normal-to-normal intervals [SDANN]; mean standard deviation of the NN intervals for each 5-min segment [SDNNI]; root mean square of the successive differences [rMSSD]; percentage of adjacent NN intervals that differ by >50 ms [pNN50]; triangular index; ultra-low [ULF], very low [VLF], low [LF], and high frequency [HF]; total power [TP]; and LF/HF ratio), and graphical parameters of the Poincaré plot (longitudinal axis [L], transverse axis [T], and L/T). Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to calculate the predictive function of the indexes with significant differences between patients who responded and those who did not. The index combination with the highest predictive value was obtained through series-parallel analysis. Results Overall, 40 responders and 23 non-responders were included. The L and T in the Poincaré plots and rMSSD, pNN50, HF, and TP of the HR variability data were significantly lower in participants who responded to metoprolol than in participants who did not (p < 0.001). The L/T of participants who responded to metoprolol was greater than that of non-responders (p < 0.001). Moreover, we noted a strong correlation between every two indexes among L, T, rMSSD, pNN50, HF, TP, and L/T (p < 0.05). T < 573.9 ms combined with L/T > 2.9 had the best performance for predicting the effectiveness of metoprolol, with a sensitivity of 85.0%, specificity of 82.6%, and accuracy of 84.1%. Conclusion In the Poincaré plot, a T < 573.9 ms combined with an L/T > 2.9 helps predict good outcomes of using metoprolol to treat pediatric POTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaoliu Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhouhui Lian
- Wang Xuan Institute of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Fan S, Cui Y, Liao Y, Jin H. Predicting Therapeutic Efficacy of Pharmacological Treatments in Children with Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Mini-Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1093. [PMID: 37508589 PMCID: PMC10377884 DOI: 10.3390/children10071093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is common in children, with an excessive increment in heart rate when moving from the supine to upright position. It has significant negative impacts on the daily life of pediatric patients. The pathogenesis of POTS includes peripheral vascular dysfunction, central hypovolemia, abnormal autonomic function, a high-adrenergic state, impaired skeletal-muscle pump function, the abnormal release of vasoactive factors, and autoimmune abnormalities. Therefore, the empirical use of pharmacological treatments has limited therapeutic efficacy due to the diversity of its mechanisms. A crucial aspect of managing POTS is the selection of appropriate treatment targeting the specific pathogenesis. This review summarizes the commonly used pharmacological interventions, with a focus on their predictive indicators for treatment response. Factors such as heart rate variability, plasma biomarkers, and cardiac-function parameters are discussed as potential predictors of therapeutic efficacy, enabling the implementation of individualized treatment to improve therapeutic effectiveness. This review consolidates the current knowledge on POTS, encompassing its clinical characteristics, epidemiological patterns, underlying pathogenic mechanisms, and predictive indicators for treatment response. Further research is warranted to enhance the understanding of POTS and facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for this challenging syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Fan
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yaxi Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Xu BW, Zhang QY, Li XY, Tang CS, Du JB, Liu XQ, Jin HF. A predictive model of response to metoprolol in children and adolescents with postural tachycardia syndrome. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:390-400. [PMID: 36781629 PMCID: PMC10060270 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present work was designed to explore whether electrocardiogram (ECG) index-based models could predict the effectiveness of metoprolol therapy in pediatric patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). METHODS This study consisted of a training set and an external validation set. Children and adolescents with POTS who were given metoprolol treatment were enrolled, and after follow-up, they were grouped into non-responders and responders depending on the efficacy of metoprolol. The difference in pre-treatment baseline ECG indicators was analyzed between the two groups in the training set. Binary logistic regression analysis was further conducted on the association between significantly different baseline variables and therapeutic efficacy. Nomogram models were established to predict therapeutic response to metoprolol. The receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration, and internal validation were used to evaluate the prediction model. The predictive ability of the model was validated in the external validation set. RESULTS Of the 95 enrolled patients, 65 responded to metoprolol treatment, and 30 failed to respond. In the responders, the maximum value of the P wave after correction (Pcmax), P wave dispersion (Pd), Pd after correction (Pcd), QT interval dispersion (QTd), QTd after correction (QTcd), maximum T-peak-to-T-end interval (Tpemax), and T-peak-to-T-end interval dispersion (Tped) were prolonged (all P < 0.01), and the P wave amplitude was increased (P < 0.05) compared with those of the non-responders. In contrast, the minimum value of the P wave duration after correction (Pcmin), the minimum value of the QT interval after correction (QTcmin), and the minimum T-peak-to-T-end interval (Tpemin) in the responders were shorter (P < 0.01, < 0.01 and < 0.01, respectively) than those in the non-responders. The above indicators were screened based on the clinical significance and multicollinearity analysis to construct a binary logistic regression. As a result, pre-treatment Pcmax, QTcmin, and Tped were identified as significantly associated factors that could be combined to provide an accurate prediction of the therapeutic response to metoprolol among the study subjects, yielding good discrimination [area under curve (AUC) = 0.970, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.942-0.998] with a predictive sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity of 90.0%, good calibration, and corrected C-index of 0.961. In addition, the calibration curve and standard curve had a good fit. The accuracy of internal validation with bootstrap repeated sampling was 0.902. In contrast, the kappa value was 0.769, indicating satisfactory agreement between the predictive model and the results from the actual observations. In the external validation set, the AUC for the prediction model was 0.895, and the sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% and 95.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A high-precision predictive model was successfully developed and externally validated. It had an excellent predictive value of the therapeutic effect of metoprolol on POTS among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'an-Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Qing-You Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'an-Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xue-Ying Li
- Department of Medical Statistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Bao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'an-Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China.
- Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Xue-Qin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'an-Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Hong-Fang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi'an-Men Street, West District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Bačkorová B, Lazúrová I. Selected biomarkers of orthostatic intolerance. VNITRNI LEKARSTVI 2023; 69:15-19. [PMID: 37827818 DOI: 10.36290/vnl.2023.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is defined as a group of diseases which symptoms are typically manifested in a standing position. These symptoms result from cerebral hypoperfusion and disappear in the supine position. We include postural orthostatic intolerance syndrome (POTS), orthostatic hypotension (OH) and vasovagal orthostatic syncope in this group of diseases. Each of them have similar clinical presentation (blurred vision, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headaches, fatigue). However, they vary from each other in biochemical, autonomic and hemodynamic characteristics. The aim of the work is to provide an overview of humoral and non-human markers that are involved in the etiopathogenesis of orthostatic intolerance.
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Cui Y, Wang Y, Liu P, Wang Y, Du J, Jin H. Baroreflex sensitivity predicts therapeutic effects of metoprolol on pediatric postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:930994. [PMID: 36187012 PMCID: PMC9515359 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.930994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine if the baseline baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) could be a useful predictor for the metoprolol therapeutic efficacy on postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in children. Methods In this retrospective case-control study, 54 children suffering from POTS treated with metoprolol were recruited from the pediatric department of Peking University First Hospital. After 2–3 months of metoprolol treatment, all subjects were divided into responders and non-responders based on whether the symptom score (SS) was decreased by over 50% after metoprolol treatment at the follow-up. The baseline demographic parameters and the supine BRS during the head-up tilt test (HUTT) obtained by Finapres Medical System (FMS) were compared between the two groups. The value of BRS to predict the effectiveness of POTS was analyzed by a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), course of the disease, baseline SS, medication time, metoprolol dose, and follow-up time of the subjects were not statistically different between the responders and non-responders (P > 0.05). The decline in symptom scores (ΔSS) of the responders was more obvious than that of the non-responders (P < 0.01). The supine BRS, BRS at maximum HR, supine heart rate (HR), and maximum HR were different between responders and non-responders (P < 0.01, P = 0.022, P < 0.01, P = 0.047). The binary multivariable analysis showed that baseline supine BRS was significantly associated with the response to metoprolol therapy [OR: 2.079, 95% CI: (1.077, 4.015), P = 0.029]. According to the ROC curve, the area under the curve (AUC) of baseline BRS was 0.912 (95% CI, 0.840–0.984), with a cut-off value of 8.045 ms/mmHg, yielding a sensitivity and specificity of 75.8% and 95.2%, respectively, in predicting the effectiveness of POTS. Conclusion The baseline supine BRS level > 8.045 ms/mmHg can predict a good therapeutic response to metoprolol and the results would assist in guiding the individualized β-adrenoceptor blocker use in pediatric patients suffering from POTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongfang Jin,
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Boris JR, Moak JP. Pediatric Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: Where We Stand. Pediatrics 2022; 150:188336. [PMID: 35773520 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-054945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), first described in 1992, remains an enigmatic, yet severely and variably debilitating, disorder. The pathophysiology of this syndrome is still not understood, and there remains no biomarker indicating the presence of POTS. Although research interest has increased in recent years, there are relatively fewer clinical and research studies addressing POTS in children and adolescents compared with adults. Yet, adolescence is when a large number of cases of POTS begin, even among adult patients who are subsequently studied. This article summarizes reported research in POTS, specifically in pediatric patients, including discussion of aspects of diagnostic criteria, risk factors and outcomes, neurohormonal and hemodynamic abnormalities, clinical assessment, and treatment. The goals of this review are increased recognition and acknowledgment of POTS among pediatric and adolescent providers, as well as to provide an understanding of reported abnormalities of homeostasis, such that symptomatic patients will be able to be recognized and appropriately managed, enabling them to return to their activities of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey P Moak
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
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Biomarkers and Hemodynamic Parameters in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Children with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Vasovagal Syncope. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19126974. [PMID: 35742222 PMCID: PMC9222341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19126974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In children, vasovagal syncope and postural tachycardia syndrome constitute the major types of orthostatic intolerance. The clinical characteristics of postural tachycardia syndrome and vasovagal syncope are similar but their treatments differ. Therefore, their differential diagnosis is important to guide the correct treatment. Therapeutic methods vary in patients with the same diagnosis because of different pathomechanisms. Hence, in patients with vasovagal syncope or postural tachycardia syndrome, routine treatments have an unsatisfactory efficacy. However, biomarkers could increase the therapeutic efficacy significantly, allowing for an accurate and detailed assessment of patients and leading to improved therapeutic effects. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the current state of research into biomarkers for distinguishing the diagnosis of pediatric vasovagal syncope from that of postural tachycardia syndrome. We also discuss the biomarkers that predict treatment outcomes during personalized therapy for each subtype.
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Lee J. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in children and adolescents. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2022. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2022.65.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a heterogeneous disorder in children and adolescents. Recently, there have been some data concerning the prevalence of POTS in adults. However, current studies on POTS in children and adolescents are rare. Thus, many young patients with POTS are misdiagnosed with migraine or other diseases.Current Concepts: The diagnosis and treatment of POTS differ between pediatric and adult patients. POTS in children and adolescents is diagnosed with chronic symptoms of orthostatic intolerance, such as a heart rate rise of 40 beat per minute (bpm) or a heart rate exceeding 130 bpm without orthostatic hypotension. There are three major POTS categories: hypovolemic POTS, neuropathic POTS, and hyperadrenergic POTS. These categories are distinguished by their major mechanisms. The different subtypes of POTS in children and adolescents have their own clinical characteristics and laboratory findings.Discussion and Conclusion: Treatment of POTS in children and adolescents should always include lifestyle changes, nutritional adjustments, exercise, and drugs depending on the different subtypes of POTS.
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Liu P, Wang Y, Tang C, Jin H, Du J. Baseline Corrected QT Interval Dispersion Is Useful to Predict Effectiveness of Metoprolol on Pediatric Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:808512. [PMID: 35127870 PMCID: PMC8812810 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.808512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was designed to explore the role of baseline-corrected QT interval dispersion (QTcd) in predicting the effectiveness of metoprolol on pediatric postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). METHODS There were two groups in the study, the discovery group and the validation group. The children with POTS in the discovery group were treated with oral metoprolol, with the completed necessary medical records, head-up tilt test (HUTT), blood chemistry, and 12-lead ECG before treatment at the pediatrics of Peking University First Hospital, China. According to whether the symptom score (SS) was reduced by more than 2 points after administration with oral metoprolol as compared with that before treatment, the children with POTS were separated into responders and non-responders. The demographic characteristics, hemodynamic indicators, and the QTcd of the two groups were compared, and the estimate of the baseline QTcd in predicting the treatment response to metoprolol was tested through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Other 24 children suffering from POTS who were, administrated with metoprolol at the pediatrics of Peking University First Hospital were included in the validation group. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the baseline QTcd in the prediction of the effectiveness of metoprolol on POTS were validated in children. RESULTS The pre-treatment baseline QTcd in responders treated with metoprolol was longer than that of the non-responders in the discovery group [(66.3 ± 20.3) ms vs. (45.7 ± 19.9) ms, p = 0.001]. The baseline QTcd was negatively correlated with SS after metoprolol treatment (r = -0.406, p = 0.003). The cut-off value of baseline QTcd for the prediction of the effectiveness of metoprolol on pediatric POTS was 47.9 ms, yielding a sensitivity of 78.9% and a specificity of 83.3%, respectively. The validation group showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the baseline QTcd ≥ 47.9 ms before treatment for estimating the effectiveness of metoprolol on POTS in children were 73.7, 80.0, and 75.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION Baseline QTcd is effective for predicting the effectiveness of metoprolol on pediatric POTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyou Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Wang S, Zou R, Cai H, Wang C. Predictive Value of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure on the Prognosis of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:802469. [PMID: 35433537 PMCID: PMC9005773 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.802469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the predictive value of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) on the prognosis of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS 53 cases of children aged 5 to 15 years who visited in the Pediatric Syncope Specialist Clinic of The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University for unexplained syncope or syncope precursor were diagnosed with POTS by head-up tilt test (HUTT) as the POTS group. 38 healthy children aged 5 to 16 years who underwent physical examination at the Child Health Care Clinic of the hospital in the same period were matched as controls (control group). The children with POTS were followed up after 3 months of treatment and were divided into good prognosis group (40 cases) and poor prognosis group (13 cases) according to the results of HUTT re-examination and whether the symptoms improved or not. HR and BP indicators were collected from each group at baseline and during HUTT. RESULTS There were 91 research subjects, of which 45 are males, with a mean age of 11.52 ± 2.13 years. (1) HR at 5 and 10 min (HR 5 and HR 10, respectively), HR difference at 5 and 10 min (HRD 5 and HRD 10, respectively), and HR and BP product at 5 and 10 min (RPP 5 and RPP 10, respectively) were greater in the POTS group than in the control group (P < 0.01). (2) HR 5, HR 10, HRD 5, HRD 10, and RPP 10 in children with POTS were smaller in the good prognosis group than the poor prognosis group (P < 0.01). (3) The area under curve was 0.925 on the four combined indicators (HR 5, HR 10, HRD 5, and HRD 10), predicting a good prognosis of POTS, sensitivity of 99.99%, and specificity of 75.00%. CONCLUSIONS HR 5, HR 10, HRD 5, HRD 10, and RPP 10 and the four combined indicators (HR 5, HR 10, HRD 5, and HRD 10) had predictive value for the POTS prognosis in children. The predictive value of the four combined indicators for the POTS prognosis was better than that of the single HR 5, HRD 5, and RPP 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runmei Zou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Yan H, Wang S, Cai H, Zhang J, Liu P, Wang Y, Zou R, Wang C. Prognostic Value of Biomarkers in Children and Adolescents With Orthostatic Intolerance. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:752123. [PMID: 34888267 PMCID: PMC8650092 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.752123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthostatic intolerance (OI) refers to a series of symptoms that occur during upright standing, which can be relieved when returned to the supine position. OI is a common cause of syncope in children and adolescents. In recent years, more and more studies have been carried out to assess the prognosis of OI by using biomarkers, among which, flow-mediated vasodilation, left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening, hemodynamic change during head-up tilt test, detection of 24-h urinary sodium excretion, body mass index, midregional pro-adrenomedullin, and erythrocytic H2S producing rate are relatively stable, inexpensive, and easy to obtain. With the help of biomarkers, individualized treatment can be carried out to improve the long-term prognosis of children and adolescents with OI. This article reviews the prognostic value of biomarkers in children and adolescents with OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Yan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runmei Zou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang YY, Han ZH, Wang YL, Liao Y, Zhang CY, Liu P, Tang CS, Du JB, Jin HF, Huang YQ. Baseline left ventricular ejection fraction associated with symptom improvements in both children and adolescents with postural tachycardia syndrome under metoprolol therapy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1977-1982. [PMID: 34387611 PMCID: PMC8382470 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a common childhood disease that seriously affects the patient's physical and mental health. This study aimed to investigate whether pre-treatment baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) values were associated with symptom improvement after metoprolol therapy for children and adolescents with POTS. METHODS This retrospective study evaluated 51 children and adolescents with POTS who received metoprolol therapy at the Peking University First Hospital between November 2010 and July 2019. All patients had completed a standing test or basic head-up tilt test and cardiac echocardiography before treatment. Treatment response was evaluated 3 months after starting metoprolol therapy. The pre-treatment baseline LVEF and LVFS values were evaluated for correlations with decreases in the symptom score after treatment (ΔSS). Multivariable analysis was performed using factors with a P value of <0.100 in the univariate analyses and the demographic characteristics. RESULTS A comparison of responders and non-responders revealed no significant differences in demographic, hemodynamic characteristics, and urine specific gravity (all P > 0.050). However, responders had significantly higher baseline LVEF (71.09% ± 4.44% vs. 67.17% ± 4.88%, t = -2.789, P = 0.008) and LVFS values (40.00 [38.00, 42.00]% vs. 36.79% ± 4.11%, Z = -2.542, P = 0.010) than the non-responders. The baseline LVEF and LVFS were positively correlated with ΔSS (r = 0.378, P = 0.006; r = 0.363, P = 0.009), respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that LVEF was independently associated with the response to metoprolol therapy in children and adolescents with POTS (odds ratio: 1.201, 95% confidence interval: 1.039-1.387, P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Pre-treatment baseline LVEF was associated with symptom improvement after metoprolol treatment for children and adolescents with POTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Kaifeng, Henan 475000, China
| | - Yu-Li Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chun-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chao-Shu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun-Bao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong-Fang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ya-Qian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Management of orthostatic intolerance in children: the state of the art. World J Pediatr 2020; 16:543-548. [PMID: 31912316 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang S, Zou R, Cai H, Wang Y, Ding Y, Tan C, Yang M, Li F, Wang C. Heart Rate and Heart Rate Difference Predicted the Efficacy of Metoprolol on Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. J Pediatr 2020; 224:110-114. [PMID: 32464225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of heart rate (HR) and HR difference during head-up tilt test (HUTT) and to predict clinical improvement related to metoprolol treatment in children and adolescents with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 53 subjects (27 male, aged 6-12 years old, mean age 11.79 ± 1.50 years old) with POTS treated with metoprolol were involved from July 2012 to September 2019. In total, 52 subjects who underwent health examination during the same period were matched as the control group. Subjects in both groups underwent HUTT. The HR distance between 5 minutes and 0 minutes (HR difference 5) and between 10 minutes and 0 minutes (HR difference 10) during HUTT was calculated. RESULTS The POTS group was significantly greater than the control group in HR 5, HR 10, HR difference 5, and HR difference 10 (P < .01). There was no statistical difference in HR 0 between the 2 groups (P > .05). In total, 53 subjects with POTS were followed up for 96.0 (IQR, 40.5, 134.5) days during treatment with metoprolol. HUTT results demonstrated that 58.49% of subjects with POTS had a response and symptom scores were reduced after intervention. HR and HR difference were useful in predicting the efficacy of metoprolol on POTS. When HR 5, HR 10, HR difference 5, and HR difference 10, respectively, were ≥110, 112, 34, and 37 beats/min, the sensitivity and specificity were 82.50% and 69.23%, 84.62% and 69.70%, 85.29% and 89.47%, and 97.56% and 64.86%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HR and HR difference are helpful to predict the efficacy of metoprolol on POTS in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Graduate Management, Jishou University School of Medicine, Jishou, Hunan, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Runmei Zou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiyi Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Chuanmei Tan
- Department of Graduate Management, Jishou University School of Medicine, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Maosheng Yang
- Department of Graduate Management, Jishou University School of Medicine, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovasology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Treatment Updates in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-020-00643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen G, Du J, Jin H, Huang Y. Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Pathophysiology and Clinical Management. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:474. [PMID: 32974246 PMCID: PMC7468430 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), characterized by chronic (≥6 months) orthostatic intolerance symptoms with a sustained and excessive heart rate increase while standing without postural hypotension, is common in children and adolescents. Despite the unclear pathogenesis of POTS, the present opinion is that POTS is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder that includes altered central blood volume, abnormal autonomic reflexes, "hyperadrenergic" status, damaged skeletal muscle pump activity, abnormal local vascular tension and vasoactive factor release, mast cell activation, iron insufficiency, and autoimmune dysfunction. A number of pediatric POTS patients are affected by more than one of these pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, individualized treatment strategies are initiated in the management of POTS, including basal non-pharmacological approaches (e.g., health education, the avoidance of triggers, exercise, or supplementation with water and salt) and special pharmacological therapies (e.g., oral rehydration salts, midodrine hydrochloride, and metoprolol). As such, the recent progress in the pathogenesis, management strategies, and therapeutic response predictors of pediatric POTS are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Research Unit of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Syncope and Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, The Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Syncope and Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zhang Q, Xu B, Du J. Update of Individualized Treatment Strategies for Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome in Children. Front Neurol 2020; 11:525. [PMID: 32655482 PMCID: PMC7325969 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a heterogeneous disease that predominantly affects children and adolescents. There is a great difference between children and adults in the diagnosis and treatment of POTS patients. POTS in children and adolescents is marked by chronic symptoms of orthostatic intolerance with a heart rate (HR) rise of ≥40 bpm, or heart rate exceeding 130 bpm for 6-12-years-old children and exceeding 125 bpm for those 13-18 years old without orthostatic hypotension, which is different from adult patients. The three major clinical forms of POTS include hypovolemic POTS, neuropathic POTS, and hyperadrenergic POTS; these are distinguished by their major mechanisms. The different subtypes of POTS in children and adolescents each have their own clinical characteristics and biomarkers. Based on these, we propose individualized treatment strategies. Individualized management strategies based on different subtypes of POTS would largely improve the curative effects of drugs for children with POTS. However, a further clinical investigation is still required to better understand the pathophysiology and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyou Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Syncope and Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, The Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Liao Y, Du J. Pathophysiology and Individualized Management of Vasovagal Syncope and Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: An Update. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:667-681. [PMID: 32367250 PMCID: PMC7271077 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasovagal syncope (VVS) and postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) are the main forms of orthostatic intolerance in pediatrics and both are underlying causes of neurally-mediated syncope. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the management of VVS and POTS in children and adolescents. A number of potential mechanisms are involved in their pathophysiology, but the leading cause of symptoms varies among patients. A few studies thus have focused on the individualized treatment of VVS or POTS based on selected hemodynamic parameters or biomarkers that can predict the therapeutic effect of certain therapies and improve their effectiveness. This review summarizes the latest developments in individualized treatment of VVS and POTS in children and indicates directions for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Chen S, Liu P, Wang Y, Tang C, Jin H, Du J. Heart Rate Variability Predicts Therapeutic Response to Metoprolol in Children With Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1214. [PMID: 31780890 PMCID: PMC6861190 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the metoprolol therapeutic effectiveness, we aimed to explore whether baseline heart rate variability (HRV) indicators before metoprolol treatment were useful for predicting its efficacy for postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). METHODS We recruited 45 children with POTS who received metoprolol and 17 healthy controls. All children underwent a standing test or basic head-up tilt test and 24-h dynamic electrocardiography before treatment. After 3 months of metoprolol, therapeutic responsiveness was evaluated. The usefulness of baseline HRV parameters in predicting the effectiveness of metoprolol was studied and the long-term cumulative symptom rate was analyzed. RESULTS The baseline HRV frequency domain indicators for power, ultra-low frequency, very-low frequency, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP) as well as time domain indicators were significantly lower for responders than non-responders to metoprolol; however, low-frequency normalized units and LF/HF ratio were markedly greater for responders than non-responders. On series-parallel analysis, combined baseline triangular (TR) index ≤ 33.7 and standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) index ≤ 79.0 ms as cut-off values yielded sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 85.3, 81.8, and 84.4%, respectively, to predict therapeutic responsiveness to metoprolol. On long-term follow-up, the cumulative symptom rate was significantly higher with TR index > 33.7 and SDNN index ≤ 79.0 ms, TR index ≤ 33.7 and SDNN index > 79.0 ms or TR index > 33.7 and SDNN index > 79.0 ms than TR index ≤ 33.7 and SDNN index ≤ 79.0 ms (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Combined TR index ≤ 33.7 and SDNN index ≤ 79.0 ms were useful preliminary measures to predict therapeutic response to metoprolol in pediatric POTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Syncope and Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Selena Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Sciences Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Syncope and Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Sciences Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
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20
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Xiao YY, Jin M, Ye WQ, Han L, Jin HF. Individualized Treatment of Syncope in Children: State-of-the-Art. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2878-2880. [PMID: 29176147 PMCID: PMC5717869 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.219154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mei Jin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen-Qian Ye
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ling Han
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong-Fang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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21
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Wells R, Elliott AD, Mahajan R, Page A, Iodice V, Sanders P, Lau DH. Efficacy of Therapies for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2018; 93:1043-1053. [PMID: 29937049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the evidence base and evaluate the efficacy of each treatment for postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in light of a recent consensus statement highlighting the lack of treatment options with clear benefit to risk ratios for this debilitating condition. METHODS The CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), PubMed, and Embase databases from inception to May 2017 were searched using the terms postural AND tachycardia AND syndrome. A total of 135 full-text publications were screened after excluding duplicates (n=681), conference abstracts (n=467), and records that did not relate to POTS therapy (n=876). We included 28 studies with at least 4 patients with POTS in which symptomatic response was reported after more than 4 weeks of therapy. This review was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. Two investigators independently performed the data extraction and evaluated the quality of evidence. RESULTS This study comprised 25 case series and 3 small randomized controlled trials that evaluated 755 and 103 patients with POTS, respectively. Interventions directed at increasing intravascular volume, increasing peripheral or splanchnic vascular tone, controlling heart rate, and increasing exercise tolerance demonstrate moderate efficacy (range, 51%-72%). Few data exist on their comparative effectiveness. Significant heterogeneities were seen in terms of patient age, symptom severity, and the measures used to evaluate treatment efficacy. CONCLUSION The current evidence base to guide optimal management of patients with POTS is extremely limited. More high-quality collaborative research with standardized reporting of symptom response and treatment tolerability is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wells
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adrian D Elliott
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rajiv Mahajan
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda Page
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Valeria Iodice
- University College London, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis H Lau
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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22
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Li YQ, Zhang QY, Jin HF, Du JB. Pediatric Cardiology: Advances Over the Past 2 Years and Future Prospects. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:2776-2777. [PMID: 29176135 PMCID: PMC5717854 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.219153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Qing-You Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hong-Fang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jun-Bao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Santhekadur PK, Kumar DP, Seneshaw M, Mirshahi F, Sanyal AJ. The multifaceted role of natriuretic peptides in metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 92:826-835. [PMID: 28599248 PMCID: PMC5737745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to globalization and sophisticated western and sedentary lifestyle, metabolic syndrome has emerged as a serious public health challenge. Obesity is significantly increasing worldwide because of increased high calorie food intake and decreased physical activity leading to hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance. Thus, metabolic syndrome constitutes cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and recently some cancers are also considered to be associated with this syndrome. There is increasing evidence of the involvement of natriuretic peptides (NP) in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. The natriuretic peptides are cardiac hormones, which are produced in the cardiac atrium, ventricles of the heart and the endothelium. These peptides are involved in the homeostatic control of body water, sodium intake, potassium transport, lipolysis in adipocytes and regulates blood pressure. The three known natriuretic peptide hormones present in the natriuretic system are atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). These three peptides primarily function as endogenous ligands and mainly act via their membrane receptors such as natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A), natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) and natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPR-C) and regulate various physiological and metabolic functions. This review will shed light on the structure and function of natriuretic peptides and their receptors and their role in the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna K Santhekadur
- McGuire Research Institute, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Mulugeta Seneshaw
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Faridoddin Mirshahi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- McGuire Research Institute, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Li H, Liao Y, Wang Y, Liu P, Sun C, Chen Y, Tang C, Jin H, Du J. Baroreflex Sensitivity Predicts Short-Term Outcome of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in Children. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167525. [PMID: 27936059 PMCID: PMC5147897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study was designed to examine if baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) could predict the short-term outcome of postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) in children. Methods Seventy-seven children subjects were included in the study. Among them, 45 children were in the POTS group and another 32 healthy children were in the control group. A ninety-day clinical follow-up was conducted and the symptom score before and after the follow-up was calculated for POTS patients by using POTS score system. Hemodynamics and continuous BRS monitoring were recorded by Finapres Medical System-FMS (FinometerPRO, FMS Company, Netherlands). According to the symptom score change during follow-up period, POTS patients were further divided into subgroup A (n = 24) with symptom score decreased by at least two points and subgroup B (n = 21) with symptom score decreased by less than two points. The predictive value of BRS in the short-term outcome of POTS in children was analyzed using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results BRS of POTS children was significantly higher than that of the healthy children (18.76±9.96 ms/mmHg vs 10±5.42 ms/mmHg, P<0.01). It was higher in subgroup B than that of subgroup A (24.7±9.9 ms/mmHg vs 13.5±6.6 ms/mmHg, P <0.01). BRS was positively correlated with HR change in POTS Group (r = 0.304, P <0.05). Area under curve (AUC) was 0.855 (95% of confidence interval 0.735–0.975), and BRS of 17.01 ms/mmHg as a cut-off value yielded the predictive sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 87.5%. Conclusions BRS is a useful index to predict the short-term outcome of POTS in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chufan Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Sciences Centre, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Lu W, Yan H, Wu S, Chen S, Xu W, Jin H, Du J. Electrocardiography-Derived Predictors for Therapeutic Response to Treatment in Children with Postural Tachycardia Syndrome. J Pediatr 2016; 176:128-33. [PMID: 27318378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether electrocardiography (ECG) variables could be used to predict responses to physical treatment in children with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). STUDY DESIGN Forty children with POTS and 32 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. General information and hemodynamic and supine ECG variables, including QT interval dispersion (QTd), were collected. The children with POTS received physical treatment and 3 months of follow-up. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the value of ECG variables for predicting the effectiveness of physical treatment. RESULTS Compared with the healthy children, the children with POTS had longer baseline QTd and heart rate (HR)-corrected QTd (QTcd), but shorter minimum QT intervals (QTmin) and minimum HR-corrected QT intervals (P < .05). In children with POTS, responders to physical treatment had a longer baseline time between QRS complexes (RR) interval of minimum QT interval and a longer QTcd compared with nonresponders. A longer QTcd was a significant risk factor for the presence of POTS (OR, 1.022; P = .02) and for undesirable responses to physical treatment in children with POTS (OR, 1.044; P = .03). Baseline QTcd was positively correlated with the HR elevation from supine to upright seen in children with POTS (r = 0.348; P = .003). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.73, and using 43.0 msec as a cutoff of QTcd yielded a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 60%. CONCLUSION QTcd might be useful for predicting the effectiveness of physical treatment for POTS in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Selena Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wenrui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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