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Mahmoudian RA, Farshchian M, Golyan FF, Mahmoudian P, Alasti A, Moghimi V, Maftooh M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM, Ferns GA, Mahaki H, Shahidsales S, Avan A. Preclinical tumor mouse models for studying esophageal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 189:104068. [PMID: 37468084 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical models are extensively employed in cancer research because they can be manipulated in terms of their environment, genome, molecular biology, organ systems, and physical activity to mimic human behavior and conditions. The progress made in in vivo cancer research has resulted in significant advancements, enabling the creation of spontaneous, metastatic, and humanized mouse models. Most recently, the remarkable and extensive developments in genetic engineering, particularly the utilization of CRISPR/Cas9, transposable elements, epigenome modifications, and liquid biopsies, have further facilitated the design and development of numerous mouse models for studying cancer. In this review, we have elucidated the production and usage of current mouse models, such as xenografts, chemical-induced models, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), for studying esophageal cancer. Additionally, we have briefly discussed various gene-editing tools that could potentially be employed in the future to create mouse models specifically for esophageal cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Farshchian
- Division of Oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fatemeh Fardi Golyan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mahmoudian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Alasti
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Moghimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Department of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Hanie Mahaki
- Vascular & Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Zaidi AH, Kelly RJ, Gorbunova A, Omstead AN, Salvitti MS, Zheng P, Kosovec JE, Lee S, Ayazi S, Babar L, Finley GG, Goel A, Jobe BA. Intratumoral immunotherapy with STING agonist, ADU-S100, induces CD8+ T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity in an esophageal adenocarcinoma model. Oncotarget 2021; 12:292-303. [PMID: 33659041 PMCID: PMC7899550 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a deadly disease with limited treatment options. STING is a transmembrane protein that activates transcription of interferon genes, resulting in stimulation of APCs and enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration. The present study evaluates STING agonists, alone and in combination with radiation to determine durable anticancer activity in solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Esophagojejunostomy was performed on rats to induce reflux leading to the development of EAC. At 32 weeks post operatively, rats received intratumorally either 50 μg STING (ADU-S100) or placebo (PBS), +/- 16Gy radiation. Drug activity was evaluated by pre- and post- treatment MRI, histology, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. RESULTS Mean MRI tumor volume decreased by 30.1% and 50.8% in ADU-S100 and ADU-S100 + radiation animals and increased by 76.7% and 152.4% in placebo and placebo + radiation animals, respectively (P < 0.0001). Downstream gene expression, pre- to on- and post- treatment, demonstrated significant upregulation of IFNβ, TNFα, IL-6, and CCL-2 in the treatment groups vs. placebo. On- or post- treatment, radiation alone, ADU-S100 alone, and ADU-S100 + radiation groups demonstrated enhanced PD-LI expression, induced by upregulation of CD8+ T-cells (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS ADU-S100 +/- radiation exhibits potent antitumor activity and a promising immunomodulatory profile in a de novo EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Zaidi
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Co-first authors and contributed equally to this work
| | - Ronan J. Kelly
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Co-first authors and contributed equally to this work
| | - Anastasia Gorbunova
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashten N. Omstead
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Madison S. Salvitti
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ping Zheng
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliann E. Kosovec
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shahin Ayazi
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laila Babar
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gene G. Finley
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Blair A. Jobe
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Gao P, Liu H, Yang Z, Hui Y, Shi Z, Yang Z, Song M, Yao M, Fan W, Yang J, Hao Y, Fan T. Development of a Novel Highly Spontaneous Metastatic Model of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Renal Capsule Technology. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:785-793. [PMID: 33574674 PMCID: PMC7872218 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s290564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing evidence has demonstrated that animal models are imperative to investigate the potential molecular mechanism of metastasis and discover anti-metastasis drugs; however, efficient animal models to unveil the underlying mechanisms of metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are limited. METHODS ESCC cell EC9706 with high invasiveness was screened by repeated Transwell assays. Its biological characteristics were identified by flow cytometry as well as by the wound healing and CCK-8 assays. Besides, the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers were examined using Western blotting. Parental (EC9706-I0) and subpopulation (EC9706-I3) cells were employed to establish the renal capsule model. Next, the tumor growth was detected by a live animal imaging system, and hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied to evaluate the metastatic status in ESCC. RESULTS EC9706-I3 cells showed rapid proliferation ability, S phase abundance, and high invasive ability; obvious upregulation in N-cadherin, Snail, Vimentin, and Bit1; and downregulation in E-cadherin. EC9706-I3 cells were less sensitive to the chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil than EC9706-I0 cells; however, both cell lines reached a tumorigenesis rate of 100% in the renal capsule model. The live animal imaging system revealed that the tumors derived from EC9706-I0 cells grew more slowly than those from EC9706-I3 cells at weeks 3-14. The EC9706-I3 xenograft model displayed a spontaneous metastatic site, including kidney, heart, liver, lung, pancreas, and spleen, with a distant metastatic rate of 80%. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that the metastatic model was successfully established, providing a novel platform for further exploring the molecular mechanisms of metastasis in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiran Hui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Menghui Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Fan
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Hao
- People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People’s Republic of China
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Identification of microRNAs as novel biomarkers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a study based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and bioinformatics. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:2213-2222. [PMID: 31490264 PMCID: PMC6797152 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have played important roles in the regulation of gene expression in many cancers, but their roles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the potential ESCC-specific key miRNAs from a large sample dataset in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Methods: Integrative bioinformatics analysis was used to identify key ESCC-specific miRNAs related to the ESCC patients’ tumor histological grade and lymphatic metastasis from TCGA. Next, these key miRNA potential gene regulatory functions and relationships with ESCC patients’ clinical characteristics and overall survival were analyzed. Finally, three key miRNAs were selected randomly and quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate in 51 newly diagnosed ESCC patients’ tissues samples (collected from Nov. 2017 to Feb. 2019, in Wuwei, China) whether the bioinformatics analyses results were reliable and valid. Two-tailed Student's t test, Pearson Chi-squared test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used in this study. Results: Thirty-five ESCC-specific miRNAs from TCGA database were investigated (fold-change > 2.0, P < 0.05), and 28 participated in the miRNAs-mRNAs co-expression network construction, while 17 were related with ESCC patients’ tumor histological grade, TNM stage, and lymphatic metastasis (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, six miRNAs (including miR-200b-3p, miR-31-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-135b-5p, and miR-195-5p) were correlated with overall survival of ESCC patients (log-rank, P < 0.05). MiR-135b-5p, miR-15b-5p, and miR-195-5p were selected for verification of the expression levels in 51 ESCC patients’ tissue samples by using qRT-PCR. We found that the fold-changes between qRT-PCR and TCGA were completely consistent. The results also suggested that miR-135b-5p, miR-15b-5p, and miR-195-5p were significantly correlated with tumor differentiation degrees (P < 0.05), miR-195-5p was significantly correlated with tumor TNM stage (P < 0.05), and miR-135b-5p was significantly correlated with lymph-node metastasis (P < 0.05). MiR-135b-5p, miR-15b-5p, and miR-195-5p expression levels, ESCC patient clinical features association analysis results and the aforementioned TCGA bioinformatics analyses were similar. Conclusion: This study identified key ESCC-related miRNAs. The key miRNAs are worthy of further investigation as potential novel biomarkers for diagnosis, classification, and prognosis of ESCC.
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Kelly RJ, Zaidi AH, Smith MA, Omstead AN, Kosovec JE, Matsui D, Martin SA, DiCarlo C, Werts ED, Silverman JF, Wang DH, Jobe BA. The Dynamic and Transient Immune Microenvironment in Locally Advanced Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Post Chemoradiation. Ann Surg 2019; 268:992-999. [PMID: 28806299 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the impact of chemoradiation on the immune microenvironment to influence and optimally design future neoadjuvant clinical trials. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Programmed death (PD)-1 inhibitors in metastatic gastroesophageal cancer have demonstrated response rates of approximately 25% in programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1+) tumors. Unfortunately, the majority of patients do not respond. Therefore, a rationale strategy of combining immunotherapeutic agents with chemoradiation in earlier stage esophageal cancer may prevent metastatic disease in patients. METHODS To determine the effects of chemoradiation on resected esophageal adenocarcinomas, we examined the immune microenvironment pre- and post-chemoradiation using immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and functional analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Additionally, to assess the duration and dependency of radiation-induced PD-L1 upregulation, a surgical rat reflux model of esophageal adenocarcinoma is used. First, tumor-bearing animals were dosed with single-fraction 13Gy or 16Gy radiation to determine safety, dose correlation, and PD-L1 upregulation using qRT-PCR post-radiation. Next, longitudinal PD-L1 expression levels within individual animals were determined using serial endoscopic biopsies at baseline, 1, 5, and 9 weeks post 16Gy radiation. RESULTS The majority of cancers displayed enhanced interferon γ and activated CD8+ T lymphocytes at the tumor stroma interface. These tumors also demonstrated enhanced upregulation of PD-L1 and multiple other immune checkpoints including TIM3, GITR, IDO1, LAG3, OX40, and KIR. The animal model results indicated PD-L1 upregulation is dose-dependent and transiently elevated post radiation exposure. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings provide insights into the evolving immune landscape after chemoradiation and have significant implications for neoadjuvant trial designs that will combine radiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan J Kelly
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ali H Zaidi
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew A Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ashten N Omstead
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Juliann E Kosovec
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Samantha A Martin
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christina DiCarlo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - E Day Werts
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jan F Silverman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - David H Wang
- Esophageal Diseases Center, VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Blair A Jobe
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Shan TD, Lv SY, Tian ZB, Liu XS, Liu FG, Sun XG. Knockdown of lncRNA H19 inhibits abnormal differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells in diabetic mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:837-848. [PMID: 30078183 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a group of metabolic diseases characterized by insulin deficiency or resistance and hyperglycemia. We previously reported the presence of abnormal differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in diabetic mice, but the exact mechanism of this phenomenon has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, we found that H19 was markedly upregulated in IECs of DM mice. H19 knockdown significantly inhibited abnormal differentiation of IECs in DM mice. Bioinformatics analysis identified miR-141-3p as a candidate for H19. Based on luciferase reporter assays, we found that miR-141-3p directly targeted H19. Luciferase reporter assays also showed that miR-141-3p could directly target β-catenin. Furthermore, H19 might act as an endogenous "sponge" by competing for miR-141-3p binding to regulate miRNA targets in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our findings provide the first evidence supporting the role of H19 in IECs of DM mice, and miR-141-3p targets not only protein-coding genes but also the lncRNA H19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shao-Yan Lv
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zi-Bin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Shuang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu-Guo Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu-Guo Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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7
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Liu DS, Hoefnagel SJM, Fisher OM, Krishnadath KK, Montgomery KG, Busuttil RA, Colebatch AJ, Read M, Duong CP, Phillips WA, Clemons NJ. Novel metastatic models of esophageal adenocarcinoma derived from FLO-1 cells highlight the importance of E-cadherin in cancer metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:83342-83358. [PMID: 27863424 PMCID: PMC5347774 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently a paucity of preclinical models available to study the metastatic process in esophageal cancer. Here we report FLO-1, and its isogenic derivative FLO-1LM, as two spontaneously metastatic cell line models of human esophageal adenocarcinoma. We show that FLO-1 has undergone epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasizes following subcutaneous injection in mice. FLO-1LM, derived from a FLO-1 liver metastasis, has markedly enhanced proliferative, clonogenic, anti-apoptotic, invasive, immune-tolerant and metastatic potential. Genome-wide RNAseq profiling revealed a significant enrichment of metastasis-related pathways in FLO-1LM cells. Moreover, CDH1, which encodes the adhesion molecule E-cadherin, was the most significantly downregulated gene in FLO-1LM compared to FLO-1. Consistent with this, repression of E-cadherin expression in FLO-1 cells resulted in increased metastatic activity. Importantly, reduced E-cadherin expression is commonly reported in esophageal adenocarcinoma and independently predicts poor patient survival. Collectively, these findings highlight the biological importance of E-cadherin activity in the pathogenesis of metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma and validate the utility of FLO-1 parental and FLO-1LM cells as preclinical models of metastasis in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Liu
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Sanne J M Hoefnagel
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver M Fisher
- Gastroesophageal Cancer Program, St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Karen G Montgomery
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Rita A Busuttil
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J Colebatch
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Matthew Read
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Cuong P Duong
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Wayne A Phillips
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Matsui D, Omstead AN, Kosovec JE, Komatsu Y, Lloyd EJ, Raphael H, Kelly RJ, Zaidi AH, Jobe BA. High yield reproducible rat model recapitulating human Barrett’s carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6077-6087. [PMID: 28970723 PMCID: PMC5597499 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i33.6077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To efficiently replicate the biology and pathogenesis of human esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) using the modified Levrat model of end-to-side esophagojejunostomy.
METHODS End-to-side esophagojejunostomy was performed on rats to induce gastroduodenoesophageal reflux to develop EAC. Animals were randomly selected and serially euthanized at 10 (n = 6), 17 (n = 8), 24 (n = 9), 31 (n = 6), 38 (n = 6), and 40 (n = 6) wk postoperatively. The esophagi were harvested for downstream histopathology and gene expression. Histological evaluation was completed to determine respective rates of carcinogenic development. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine gene expression levels of MUC2, CK19, and CK20, and results were compared to determine significant differences throughout disease progression stages.
RESULTS The overall study mortality was 15%. Causes of mortality included anastomotic leak, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, stomach ulcer perforation, respiratory infection secondary to aspiration, and obstruction due to tumor or late anastomotic stricture. 10 wk following surgery, 100% of animals presented with esophagitis. Barrett’s esophagus (BE) was first observed at 10 wk, and was present in 100% of animals by 17 wk. Dysplasia was confirmed in 87.5% of animals at 17 wk, and increased to 100% by 31 wk. EAC was first observed in 44.4% of animals at 24 wk and increased to 100% by 40 wk. In addition, two animals at 38-40 wk post-surgery had confirmed macro-metastases in the lung/liver and small intestine, respectively. MUC2 gene expression was progressively down-regulated from BE to dysplasia to EAC. Both CK19 and CK20 gene expression significantly increased in a stepwise manner from esophagitis to EAC.
CONCLUSION Esophagojejunostomy was successfully replicated in rats with low mortality and a high tumor burden, which may facilitate broader adoption to study EAC development, progression, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsui
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ashten N Omstead
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Juliann E Kosovec
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Emily J Lloyd
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Hailey Raphael
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Ronan J Kelly
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21231, United States
| | - Ali H Zaidi
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Blair A Jobe
- Esophageal and Lung Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
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9
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PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitor, LY3023414, Demonstrates Potent Antitumor Efficacy Against Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in a Rat Model. Ann Surg 2017; 266:91-98. [PMID: 27471841 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study is to determine the efficacy of a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, LY3023414, on established EAC in an in vivo model. BACKGROUND Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a highly lethal cancer with limited treatment options. The PI3K/mTOR pathway is upregulated in EAC and may be a target for novel therapies. METHODS Esophagojejunostomy was performed on Sprague-Dawley rats to induce carcinogenesis, and LY3023414 was cyclically administered intraperitoneally between 32 and 40 weeks postsurgery to treatment animals. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histology were used to determine clinical response. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot were used to validate apoptosis by cleaved caspase-3, proliferation by Ki67, and pathway inhibition, respectively. RESULTS Mean MRI tumor volume increased by 109.2% in controls (n = 32) and decreased by 56.8% in treatment animals (n=17) (P < 0.01). Treatment with LY3023414 demonstrated tumor volume increase in 0% (control = 46.4%) (P < 0.01), decrease in 58.8% (control = 7.1%) (P < 0.01), and stable volume in 41.2% (control = 46.4%) (P = 0.77). EAC prevalence in controls increased by 25%; whereas, prevalence in treatment animals decreased by 29.4% (P < 0.01). Approximately, 75% of treatment animals presenting with residual masses on MRI had a histological response >50%. Increased apoptosis by cleaved caspase-3 (P = 0.03) and decreased proliferation by Ki67 (P < 0.01) were demonstrated in the treatment arm, when compared with the control arm. On Western blot analysis of pathway checkpoints, p-mTOR (p=0.03) and PI3K-α (P = 0.04) were downregulated in treatment responsive residual tumors, when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS LY3023414 demonstrates efficacy against EAC in a preclinical model, establishing the rationale for clinical testing.
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Huang XY, Huang ZL, Xu YH, Zheng Q, Chen Z, Song W, Zhou J, Tang ZY, Huang XY. Comprehensive circular RNA profiling reveals the regulatory role of the circRNA-100338/miR-141-3p pathway in hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5428. [PMID: 28710406 PMCID: PMC5511135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05432-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that have recently been recognized as important regulators of gene expression and pathological networks. However, their transcriptional activities and functional mechanisms in cancer remain largely unknown. Here, we present results from a global circRNA expression and functional analysis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using a circRNA microarray, we identified 226 differentially expressed circRNAs, of which 189 were significantly upregulated and 37 were downregulated. High expression of circRNA_100338, one of the upregulated circRNAs in HCC, is closely correlated with a low cumulative survival rate and metastatic progression in HCC patients with hepatitis B. Furthermore, our in silico and experimental analyses identified miR-141-3p as a direct target of circRNA_100338. Thus, circRNA_100338 functions as an endogenous sponge for miR-141-3p in HCC. In addition, we identified the crucial antagonistic roles of circRNA_100338 and miR-141-3p in the regulation of invasive potential in liver cancer cells. Overall, the differential expression of multiple circRNAs in HCC tissues and their clinical significance in hepatitis B-related HCC patients as revealed by our study suggests that circRNA_100338 is a potentially valuable biomarker for HCC diagnosis and target for HCC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
| | - Zi-Li Huang
- Department of Radiology, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hua Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200031, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zi Chen
- Thayer School of Engineering, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-You Tang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, P.R. China.
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Li JZ, Li J, Wang HQ, Li X, Wen B, Wang YJ. MiR-141-3p promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation through inhibiting kruppel-like factor-9 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:1381-1386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Bansal A, Gupta V, Wang K. MicroRNA Expression Signatures During Malignant Progression From Barrett's Esophagus. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:1288-95. [PMID: 26808728 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase and poor survival of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) have led to significant efforts to promote early detection. Given that the premalignant lesion of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the major known risk factor for EAC, multiple investigators have studied biomarker signatures that can predict malignant progression of BE to EAC. MicroRNAs, a novel class of gene regulators, are small non-coding RNAs and have been associated with carcinogenesis. MicroRNAs are ideal biomarkers because of their remarkable stability in fixed tissues, a common method for collection of clinical specimens, and in blood either within exosomes or as microRNA-protein complexes. Multiple studies show potential of microRNAs as tissue and blood biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of EAC but the results need confirmation in prospective studies. Although head-to-head comparisons are lacking, microRNA panels require less genes than messenger RNA panels for diagnosis of EAC in BE. MicroRNA diagnostic panels will need to be compared for accuracy against global measures of genome instability that were recently shown to be good predictors of progression but require sophisticated analytic techniques. Early studies on blood microRNA panels are promising but have found microRNA markers to be inconsistent among studies. MicroRNA expression in blood is different between various microRNA sub-compartments such as exosomes and microRNA-protein complexes and could affect blood microRNA measurements. Further standardization is needed to yield consistent results. We have summarized the current understanding of the tissue and blood microRNA signatures that may predict the development and progression of EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Bansal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri.,University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Vijayalaxmi Gupta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kenneth Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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