1
|
Chen Y, Chaudhary S, Wang W, Li CSR. Gray matter volumes of the insula and anterior cingulate cortex and their dysfunctional roles in cigarette smoking. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:100003. [PMID: 37220533 PMCID: PMC10201991 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2021.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The salience network, including the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), has been implicated in nicotine addiction. Structural imaging studies have reported diminished insula and ACC gray matter volumes (GMVs) in smokers as compared to nonsmokers. However, it remains unclear how insula and ACC GMVs may relate to years of smoking, addiction severity, or behavioral traits known to dispose individuals to smoking. Here, with a dataset curated from the Human Connectome Project and voxel-based morphometry, we replicated the findings of smaller GMVs of the insula and medial prefrontal cortex, including the dorsal ACC and supplementary motor area (dACC/SMA), in (70 heavy < 209 light < 209 never) smokers matched in age, sex, and average daily num ber of drinks. The GMVs of the insula or dACC/SMA were not significantly correlated with years of smoking or Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores. Heavy relative to never smokers demonstrated higher externalizing and internalizing scores, as evaluated by the NIH Emotion. In heavy smokers, the dACC/SMA but not insula GMV was positively correlated with both externalizing and internalizing scores. The findings together confirm volumetric changes in the salience network in heavy smokers and suggest potentially distinct dysfunctional roles of the insula and dACC/SMA in chronic smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibrahim K, Kalvin C, Li F, He G, Pelphrey KA, McCarthy G, Sukhodolsky DG. Sex differences in medial prefrontal and parietal cortex structure in children with disruptive behavior. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 47:100884. [PMID: 33254067 PMCID: PMC7704291 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in brain structure in children with disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) remain poorly understood. This study examined sex differences in gray matter volume in children with DBD in a priori regions-of-interest implicated in the pathophysiology of disruptive behavior. We then conducted a whole-brain analysis of cortical thickness to examine sex differences in regions not included in our hypothesis. Exploratory analyses investigated unique associations between structure, and dimensional measures of severity of disruptive behavior and callous-unemotional traits. This cross-sectional study included 88 children with DBD (30 females) aged 8-16 years and 50 healthy controls (20 females). Structural MRI data were analyzed using surface-based morphometry to test for interactions between sex and group. Multiple-regression analyses tested for sex-specific associations between structure, callous-unemotional traits, and disruptive behavior severity. Boys with DBD showed reduced gray matter volume in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and reduced cortical thickness in the supramarginal gyrus, but not girls compared to respective controls. Dimensional analyses revealed associations between sex, callous-unemotional traits, and disruptive behavior for amygdala and vmPFC volume, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex cortical thickness. Sex-specific differences in prefrontal structures involved in emotion regulation may support identification of neural biomarkers of disruptive behavior to inform target-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ibrahim
- Yale University School of Medicine, Child Study Center, United States.
| | - Carla Kalvin
- Yale University School of Medicine, Child Study Center, United States
| | - Fangyong Li
- Yale University School of Medicine, Center for Analytical Sciences, United States
| | - George He
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
The associations of comorbid substance use disorders and psychiatric conditions with adolescent brain structure and function: A review. J Neurol Sci 2020; 418:117099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
4
|
Afzali MH, Dagher A, Edalati H, Bourque J, Spinney S, Sharkey RJ, Conrod P. Adolescent Resting-State Brain Networks and Unique Variability of Conduct Problems Within the Externalizing Dimension. J Pers Disord 2020; 34:609-627. [PMID: 33074059 DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2020.34.5.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The externalizing psychopathological dimension is associated with alterations in adolescents' functional brain connectivity. The current study aims to identify the functional correlates of the unique variability in conduct problems within the context of the broad externalizing dimension. The broad externalizing dimension and unique variability in conduct problems were estimated using a bifactor model. Resting-state data were available for a sample of 125 adolescents. Based on multiresolution parcellation of functional brain networks atlas, major resting-state functional brain networks and the connectivity correlates of unique conduct problems and the broad externalizing dimension were established. The broad externalizing dimension was related to connectivity alterations in the ventral attention/salience network, while unique variability in conduct problems dimension was related to connectivity alterations in the cerebellum crusi as well as the mesolimbic network. The current study is a first step toward the identification of functional resting-state network correlates of broad and specific variability in the externalizing dimension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Afzali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hanie Edalati
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josiane Bourque
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sean Spinney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Patricia Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gao Y, Jiang Y, Ming Q, Zhang J, Ma R, Wu Q, Dong D, Guo X, Liu M, Wang X, Situ W, Pauli R, Yao S. Gray Matter Changes in the Orbitofrontal-Paralimbic Cortex in Male Youths With Non-comorbid Conduct Disorder. Front Psychol 2020; 11:843. [PMID: 32435221 PMCID: PMC7218112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Conduct disorder is one of the most common developmental psychiatric disorders which is characterized by persistent aggressive and antisocial behaviors during childhood or adolescence. Previous neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural correlates underlying CD and demonstrated several constructive findings. However, Individuals with CD are at high risk for comorbidities, which might give rise to the inconsistencies of existed findings. It remains unclear which neuroanatomical abnormalities are specifically related to CD without comorbidities. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data of 69 CD and 69 typically developing (TD) male youths (aged 14–17 years), the present study aims at investigating gray matter volume alterations of non-comorbid CD (i.e., not comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, substance abuse disorder, anxiety or depression). We also examined how regional gray matter volumes were related to callous-unemotional (CU) traits and conduct problems in the CD group. The whole-brain analysis revealed decreased gray matter volumes in the right pre-postcentral cortex, supramarginal gyrus and right putamen in CD youths compared with TD youths. The region-of-interest analyses showed increased gray matter volumes in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in CD youths. Correlation analysis found that gray matter volume in the left amygdala was negatively correlated with CU traits in CD participants. These results demonstrated that gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal-paralimbic cortex, including OFC, STG and amygdala, might characterize the male youths with non-comorbid CD and might contribute to different severe forms and trajectories of CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Gao
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Yali Jiang
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Qingsen Ming
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jibiao Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Ren Ma
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Daifeng Dong
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Weijun Situ
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruth Pauli
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China.,China National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Whittle S, Vijayakumar N, Simmons JG, Allen NB. Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms Are Associated With Different Trajectories of Cortical Development During Late Childhood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:177-185. [PMID: 31047992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigation of neurobiological differences between internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children is needed to better understand the unique pathophysiology of each, which may ultimately better target treatments and interventions. Longitudinal studies are critical, given the marked brain development that occurs in childhood; however, few such studies exist, and results are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate associations between internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and cortical thinning during late childhood. METHOD Participants were 105 children (49 male) from the community, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans, and completed questionnaire measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms at two time points (mean age: 8.4 years at baseline, 10.0 years at follow-up); and, mothers, who reported on child internalizing and externalizing symptoms at both time points. Whole-brain vertex-wise regression analyses were performed to assess associations between change in cortical thickness and symptoms between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Increases in internalizing symptoms over time were associated with reduced thinning in the orbitofrontal cortex, whereas increases in externalizing symptoms were associated with reduced thinning in the postcentral gyrus. The interaction between internalizing and externalizing symptom change was not associated with cortical thinning. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms are associated with unique neurodevelopmental patterns in late childhood, potentially implicating differential deficits in affective reactivity, emotion regulation, and social cognition. Further research is required to elucidate the implications of these patterns for ongoing brain development, psychopathology, and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nandita Vijayakumar
- University of Oregon, Eugene; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Julian G Simmons
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu X, Wang K, Cao A, Zhang Y, Qiu J. Personality traits and negative affect mediate the relationship between cortical thickness of superior frontal cortex and aggressive behavior. Neurosci Lett 2019; 718:134728. [PMID: 31899310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aggression reflects the psychological and physical behavior that perpetrator intends to harm victim. Initiation of aggression is influenced by the distal factors (e.g. personality) and proximate causes (e.g. affect) of perpetrator. However, few studies explored the brain structural basis of relationship between these traits and aggressive behavior. In this study, we first explored the association between cortical thickness and aggression in a large young adult sample from the Human Connectome Project. Results found aggressive behavior assessed by the Adult Self-Report was positively correlated with cortical thickness in left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), which was implicated in emotion regulation and executive function. Then, mediation analyses with distal and proximate factors separately showcased that the association between the left SFG thickness and aggressive behavior was partially mediated by negative affect (anger and sadness), and fully mediated by personality traits (agreeableness and neuroticism). Taken together, these experimental findings established dorsal prefrontal cortex as the key region in generating aggressive behavior, and gave a neutral explanation for why individuals with high negative affect and neuroticism exhibit more aggression. This study implicated the possible targeted brain region and behavioral intervention for such at-risk individuals initiating violence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kangcheng Wang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, China
| | - Aihua Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Foreign Languages, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Edwards BG, Carre JR, Kiehl KA. A review of psychopathy and Cluster B personality traits and their neural correlates in female offenders. Biol Psychol 2019; 148:107740. [PMID: 31415792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although men commit more crime and are incarcerated at higher rates than women, women represent the fastest growing segment of the justice system. Empirical work suggests that psychopathy and Cluster B disorders are implicated in antisocial behavior across gender, and that neurobiological correlates of personality may inform such behavior. This review utilizes a gendered perspective to discuss psychopathy and Cluster B disorders in relation to antisocial behavior and incorporates work on neural correlates of personality disorders. Co-morbidity across these conditions may be partly explained by similar frontal deficits, reflective of disinhibition. Affective processing abnormalities appear to be characterized by distinct deficits in limbic/paralimbic regions, reflecting differential etiological underpinnings and behavioral outcomes. This review underscores the utility in examining personality pathology together with neurobiological and environmental factors. Methodological issues and clinical implications are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany G Edwards
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States.
| | - Jessica R Carre
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States; University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Budhiraja M, Pereira JB, Lindner P, Westman E, Jokinen J, Savic I, Tiihonen J, Hodgins S. Cortical structure abnormalities in females with conduct disorder prior to age 15. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 289:37-44. [PMID: 31101397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Among females, conduct disorder (CD) before age 15 is associated with multiple adverse outcomes in adulthood. The few existing structural neuroimaging studies of females with CD report abnormalities of gray matter volumes. The present study compared cortical thickness and surface area of young women with childhood/adolescent CD and healthy women to determine whether cortical abnormalities were present in adulthood and whether they were related to prior CD. Structural brain images from 31 women with CD and 25 healthy women were analyzed using FreeSurfer. Group differences between cortical thickness and surface area were assessed using cluster-wise corrections with Monte Carlo simulations. Women with prior CD, relative to healthy women, showed: (1) reduced cortical thickness in left fusiform gyrus extending up to entorhinal cortex and lingual gyrus; (2) reduced surface area in right superior parietal cortex; (3) increased surface area in left superior temporal gyrus, and right precentral gyrus. These differences remained significant after adjusting for past comorbid disorders, current symptoms of anxiety and depression, current substance use as well as maltreatment. The study suggests that among females, CD prior to age 15 is associated with cortical structure abnormalities in brain regions involved in emotion processing and social interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Budhiraja
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Psychiatry Building R5:00, Karolinska, University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden.
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip Lindner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Psychiatry Building R5:00, Karolinska, University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jussi Jokinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Psychiatry Building R5:00, Karolinska, University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences/Psychiatry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ivanka Savic
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jari Tiihonen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Psychiatry Building R5:00, Karolinska, University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Sheilagh Hodgins
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Psychiatry Building R5:00, Karolinska, University Hospital, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden; Département de Psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang J, Cao W, Wang M, Wang N, Yao S, Huang B. Multivoxel pattern analysis of structural MRI in children and adolescents with conduct disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:1273-1280. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
11
|
Brain structure abnormalities in young women who presented conduct disorder in childhood/adolescence. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 17:869-885. [PMID: 28695488 PMCID: PMC5548815 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The phenotype and genotype of antisocial behavior among females are different from those among males. Previous studies have documented structural brain alterations in males with antisocial behavior, yet little is known about the neural correlates of female antisocial behavior. The present study examined young women who had presented conduct disorder (CDW) prior to age 15 to determine whether brain abnormalities are present in adulthood and whether the observed abnormalities are associated with comorbid disorders or maltreatment that typically characterize this population. Using magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry, we compared gray matter volumes (GMV) of 31 women who presented CD by midadolescence and 25 healthy women (HW), age, on average, 23 years. Participants completed structured, validated interviews to diagnose mental disorders, and validated questionnaires to document physical and sexual abuse. Relative to HW, CDW presented increased GMV in the left superior temporal gyrus that was associated with past alcohol and drug dependence, current use of alcohol and drugs, and current anxiety and depression symptoms and maltreatment. Additionally, CDW displayed reduced GMV in lingual gyrus, hippocampus, and anterior cingulate cortex that was associated with past comorbid disorders, current alcohol and drugs use, current anxiety and depression symptoms, and maltreatment. The CDW also presented reduced total GMV that was associated with past comorbid disorders and current anxiety/depression symptoms. Alterations of brain structure were observed among young adult females with prior CD, relative to HW, all of which were associated with internalizing and externalizing disorders and maltreatment that typically accompany CD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang J, Liu W, Zhang J, Wu Q, Gao Y, Jiang Y, Gao J, Yao S, Huang B. Distinguishing Adolescents With Conduct Disorder From Typically Developing Youngsters Based on Pattern Classification of Brain Structural MRI. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:152. [PMID: 29740296 PMCID: PMC5925967 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents antisocial behaviors, and is associated with structural alterations in brain. However, whether these structural alterations can distinguish CD from healthy controls (HCs) remains unknown. Here, we quantified these structural differences and explored the classification ability of these quantitative features based on machine learning (ML). Materials and Methods: High-resolution 3D structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) was acquired from 60 CD subjects and 60 age-matched HCs. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess the regional gray matter (GM) volume difference. The significantly different regional GM volumes were then extracted as features, and input into three ML classifiers: logistic regression, random forest and support vector machine (SVM). We trained and tested these ML models for classifying CD from HCs by using fivefold cross-validation (CV). Results: Eight brain regions with abnormal GM volumes were detected, which mainly distributed in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, anterior cingulate, cerebellum posterior lobe, lingual gyrus, and insula areas. We found that these ML models achieved comparable classification performance, with accuracy of 77.9 ∼ 80.4%, specificity of 73.3 ∼ 80.4%, sensitivity of 75.4 ∼ 87.5%, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.76 ∼ 0.80. Conclusion: Based on sMRI and ML, the regional GM volumes may be used as potential imaging biomarkers for stable and accurate classification of CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weixiang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yidian Gao
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yali Jiang
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junling Gao
- Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingsheng Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Medical Psychological Center, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barfield ET, Gourley SL. Adolescent Corticosterone and TrkB Pharmaco-Manipulations Sex-Dependently Impact Instrumental Reversal Learning Later in Life. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:237. [PMID: 29270114 PMCID: PMC5725412 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life trauma can increase the risk for, and severity of, several psychiatric illnesses. These include drug use disorders, and some correlations appear to be stronger in women. Understanding the long-term consequences of developmental stressor or stress hormone exposure and possible sex differences is critically important. So-called “reversal learning” tasks are commonly used in rodents to model cognitive deficits in stress- and addiction-related illnesses in humans. Here, we exposed mice to the primary stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) during early adolescence (postnatal days 31–42), then tested behavioral flexibility in adulthood using an instrumental reversal learning task. CORT-exposed female, but not male, mice developed perseverative errors. Despite resilience to subchronic CORT exposure, males developed reversal performance impairments following exposure to physical stressors. Administration of a putative tyrosine kinase receptor B (trkB) agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), during adolescence blocked CORT-induced errors in females and improved performance in males. Conversely, blockade of trkB by ANA-12 impaired performance. These data suggest that trkB-based interventions could have certain protective benefits in the context of early-life stressor exposure. We consider the implications of our findings in an extended “Discussion” section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Barfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Purpose of the Review Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide. In recent decades, highly concentrated products have flooded the market, and prevalence rates have increased. Gender differences exist in cannabis use, as men have higher prevalence of both cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD), while women progress more rapidly from first use to CUD. This paper reviews findings from preclinical and human studies examining the sex-specific neurobiological underpinnings of cannabis use and CUD, and associations with psychiatric symptoms. Recent Findings Sex differences exist in the endocannabinoid system, in cannabis exposure effects on brain structure and function, and in the co-occurrence of cannabis use with symptoms of anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. In female cannabis users, anxiety symptoms correlate with larger amygdala volume and social anxiety disorder symptoms correlate with CUD symptoms. Female cannabis users are reported to be especially vulnerable to earlier onset of schizophrenia, and mixed trends emerge in the correlation of depressive symptoms with cannabis exposure in females and males. Summary As prevalence of cannabis use may continue to increase given the shifting policy landscape regarding marijuana laws, understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of cannabis exposure in females and males is key. Examining these mechanisms may help inform future research on sex-specific pharmacological and behavioral interventions for women and men with high-risk cannabis use, comorbid psychiatric disease, and CUD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Smaragdi A, Cornwell H, Toschi N, Riccelli R, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Wells A, Clanton R, Baker R, Rogers J, Martin-Key N, Puzzo I, Batchelor M, Sidlauskaite J, Bernhard A, Martinelli A, Kohls G, Konrad K, Baumann S, Raschle N, Stadler C, Freitag C, Sonuga-Barke EJS, De Brito S, Fairchild G. Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Conduct Disorder and Cortical Structure in Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:703-712. [PMID: 28735700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported reduced cortical thickness and surface area and altered gyrification in frontal and temporal regions in adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). Although there is evidence that the clinical phenotype of CD differs between males and females, no studies have examined whether such sex differences extend to cortical and subcortical structure. METHOD As part of a European multisite study (FemNAT-CD), structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected from 48 female and 48 male participants with CD and from 104 sex-, age-, and pubertal-status-matched controls (14-18 years of age). Data were analyzed using surface-based morphometry, testing for effects of sex, diagnosis, and sex-by-diagnosis interactions, while controlling for age, IQ, scan site, and total gray matter volume. RESULTS CD was associated with cortical thinning and higher gyrification in ventromedial prefrontal cortex in both sexes. Males with CD showed lower, and females with CD showed higher, supramarginal gyrus cortical thickness compared with controls. Relative to controls, males with CD showed higher gyrification and surface area in superior frontal gyrus, whereas the opposite pattern was seen in females. There were no effects of diagnosis or sex-by-diagnosis interactions on subcortical volumes. Results are discussed with regard to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, and substance abuse comorbidity, medication use, handedness, and CD age of onset. CONCLUSION We found both similarities and differences between males and females in CD-cortical structure associations. This initial evidence that the pathophysiological basis of CD may be partly sex-specific highlights the need to consider sex in future neuroimaging studies and suggests that males and females may require different treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy Wells
- University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Ignazio Puzzo
- West London Mental Health Trust, Broadmoor High Secure Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Gregor Kohls
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Nora Raschle
- Psychiatric University Clinics and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Stadler
- Psychiatric University Clinics and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Silveri MM, Dager AD, Cohen-Gilbert JE, Sneider JT. Neurobiological signatures associated with alcohol and drug use in the human adolescent brain. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:244-259. [PMID: 27377691 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques provide opportunities to non-invasively characterize neurobiological milestones of adolescent brain development. Juxtaposed to the critical finalization of brain development is initiation of alcohol and substance use, and increased frequency and quantity of use, patterns that can lead to abuse and addiction. This review provides a comprehensive overview of existing MR studies of adolescent alcohol and drug users. The most common alterations reported across substance used and MR modalities are in the frontal lobe (63% of published studies). This is not surprising, given that this is the last region to reach neurobiological adulthood. Comparatively, evidence is less consistent regarding alterations in regions that mature earlier (e.g., amygdala, hippocampus), however newer techniques now permit investigations beyond regional approaches that are uncovering network-level vulnerabilities. Regardless of whether neurobiological signatures exist prior to the initiation of use, this body of work provides important direction for ongoing prospective investigations of adolescent brain development, and the significant impact of alcohol and substance use on the brain during the second decade of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa M Silveri
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alecia D Dager
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia E Cohen-Gilbert
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer T Sneider
- Neurodevelopmental Laboratory on Addictions and Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chumachenko SY, Sakai JT, Dalwani MS, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Dunn R, Tanabe J, Young S, McWilliams SK, Banich MT, Crowley TJ. Brain cortical thickness in male adolescents with serious substance use and conduct problems. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 41:414-24. [PMID: 26337200 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1058389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with substance use disorder (SUD) and conduct problems exhibit high levels of impulsivity and poor self-control. Limited work to date tests for brain cortical thickness differences in these youths. OBJECTIVES To investigate differences in cortical thickness between adolescents with substance use and conduct problems and controls. METHODS We recruited 25 male adolescents with SUD, and 19 male adolescent controls, and completed structural 3T magnetic resonance brain imaging. Using the surface-based morphometry software FreeSurfer, we completed region-of-interest (ROI) analyses for group cortical thickness differences in left, and separately right, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and insula. Using FreeSurfer, we completed whole-cerebrum analyses of group differences in cortical thickness. RESULTS Versus controls, the SUD group showed no cortical thickness differences in ROI analyses. Controlling for age and IQ, no regions with cortical thickness differences were found using whole-cerebrum analyses (though secondary analyses co-varying IQ and whole-cerebrum cortical thickness yielded a between-group cortical thickness difference in the left posterior cingulate/precuneus). Secondary findings showed that the SUD group, relative to controls, demonstrated significantly less right > left asymmetry in IFG, had weaker insular-to-whole-cerebrum cortical thickness correlations, and showed a positive association between conduct disorder symptom count and cortical thickness in a superior temporal gyrus cluster. CONCLUSION Functional group differences may reflect a more nuanced cortical morphometric difference than ROI cortical thickness. Further investigation of morphometric differences is needed. If replicable findings can be established, they may aid in developing improved diagnostic or more targeted treatment approaches.
Collapse
|
18
|
Boulos PK, Dalwani MS, Tanabe J, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Banich MT, Crowley TJ, Sakai JT. Brain Cortical Thickness Differences in Adolescent Females with Substance Use Disorders. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152983. [PMID: 27049765 PMCID: PMC4822952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Some youths develop multiple substance use disorders early in adolescence and have severe, persistent courses. Such youths often exhibit impulsivity, risk-taking, and problems of inhibition. However, relatively little is known about the possible brain bases of these behavioral traits, especially among females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter K. Boulos
- University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Manish S. Dalwani
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jody Tanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Susan K. Mikulich-Gilbertson
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marie T. Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Crowley
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Sakai
- Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Raschle NM, Menks WM, Fehlbaum LV, Tshomba E, Stadler C. Structural and Functional Alterations in Right Dorsomedial Prefrontal and Left Insular Cortex Co-Localize in Adolescents with Aggressive Behaviour: An ALE Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136553. [PMID: 26339798 PMCID: PMC4560426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging work has suggested that aggressive behaviour (AB) is associated with structural and functional brain abnormalities in processes subserving emotion processing and regulation. However, most neuroimaging studies on AB to date only contain relatively small sample sizes. To objectively investigate the consistency of previous structural and functional research in adolescent AB, we performed a systematic literature review and two coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses on eight VBM and nine functional neuroimaging studies in a total of 783 participants (408 [224AB/184 controls] and 375 [215 AB/160 controls] for structural and functional analysis respectively). We found 19 structural and eight functional foci of significant alterations in adolescents with AB, mainly located within the emotion processing and regulation network (including orbitofrontal, dorsomedial prefrontal and limbic cortex). A subsequent conjunction analysis revealed that functional and structural alterations co-localize in right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and left insula. Our results are in line with meta-analytic work as well as structural, functional and connectivity findings to date, all of which make a strong point for the involvement of a network of brain areas responsible for emotion processing and regulation, which is disrupted in AB. Increased knowledge about the behavioural and neuronal underpinnings of AB is crucial for the development of novel and implementation of existing treatment strategies. Longitudinal research studies will have to show whether the observed alterations are a result or primary cause of the phenotypic characteristics in AB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Maria Raschle
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Willeke Martine Menks
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lynn Valérie Fehlbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ebongo Tshomba
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Stadler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|