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Dema E, Peters H, Gilleece Y, Thorne C. Residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy among women living with HIV in the UK, 2009-2019. HIV Med 2024. [PMID: 38599574 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extent to which individuals living with HIV experience residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy in the UK is unknown. We aimed to determine a minimum estimate of residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy in people living with HIV in the UK in 2009-2019 to explore patterns of and factors associated with mobility and to assess whether mobility was associated with specific HIV outcomes. METHODS We analyzed data from the Integrated Screening Outcomes Surveillance Service to assess pregnancies with HIV in the UK and included livebirths and stillbirths with estimated delivery in 2009-2019. Residential mobility was defined as changing residential postcode between notification and delivery, and healthcare mobility was defined as changing NHS Trust or Strategic Health Authority (SHA) in that same timeframe. We used logistic regression to determine factors associated with residential and healthcare mobility and with detectable delivery viral load. RESULTS Among 10 305 pregnancies, 19.6% experienced residential mobility, 8.1% changed NHS Trust, and 4.5% changed SHA during pregnancy. Mobility was more likely to be experienced by younger women, migrants, and those with new antenatal diagnosis; residential but not healthcare mobility declined over time. In a fully adjusted model, mobility was not associated with having a detectable viral load at delivery. Higher proportions of infants were lost to follow-up after mobile pregnancies than after non-mobile pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS This analysis provides new knowledge on mobility during pregnancy in the context of HIV, but further research is needed to understand its broader impacts and its utility as a marker to help identify families requiring additional follow-up and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dema
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Peters
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Gilleece
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Claire Thorne
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Liu S, Qin B, Wang D. How does social integration work when older migrants obtain health services from community? Evidence from national database in China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1283891. [PMID: 38192547 PMCID: PMC10773583 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1283891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The roles of community are often overlooked when studying the older migrants' health issues, and more importantly, the mediating effect of social integration on the health of older migrants were rarely investigated empirically. Methods This study developed comprehensive index to explore this relationship. With data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, the study first examined the potential linkage between community-based health services and the health of older migrants. Ordered logit regressions was carried to investigate whether the self-rated health of older migrants is related to health education and health records provided by community, then the Causal Stepwise Regression and bootstrap method was used to looked into the potential mediation effect. Results The findings showed that older migrants with more community-based health education had higher self-rated health (β = 0.038, SE = 0.009, p < 0.001). However, the community-based health records were not associated with older migrants' health. Moreover, higher levels of social integration were associated with community health education (β = 0.142, SE = 0.014, p < 0.001), and social integration was positively associated with older migrants' health (β = 0.039, SE = 0.002, p = 0.024), indicating the mediation role of social integration. Conclusion The vital role of community-based health education in improving the health of older migrants was found, and social integration plays a mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenshen Liu
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei Polytechnic University School of Medicine, Huangshi, China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Department of Nursing, The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Hagedoorn P, Helbich M. Longitudinal effects of physical and social neighbourhood change on suicide mortality: A full population cohort study among movers and non-movers in the Netherlands. Soc Sci Med 2021; 294:114690. [PMID: 34979332 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Associations between the residential neighbourhood environment and suicide mortality are well-established; however, most evidence is cross-sectional and not capable of incorporating place-based and residential moving-related neighbourhood changes. We studied how suicide mortality is associated with changes in the physical and social neighbourhood environment for movers and non-movers. Our retrospective analysis was based on longitudinal register data for the entire Dutch population aged 25-64 years enriched with annually time-varying data on the residential neighbourhood environment between 2007 and 2016. A total of 8,741,021 people were followed-up between 2007 and 2016 of which 10,019 committed suicide. Upward and downward neighbourhood change was measured by comparing neighbourhood conditions separately at two time points. Cox proportional hazard models indicated that movers had a significantly lower risk of suicide compared to non-movers. Suicide risk was lower for people experiencing improvements in social fragmentation and deprivation compared to those remaining in poor conditions. Change from rural to urban conditions also resulted in lower suicide risk, while a gain in green space put people at increased risk. For those stable neighbourhood conditions over time, suicide mortality was lower for men and women in urban vs. rural neighbourhoods as well as for women in neighbourhoods with low vs. high social fragmentation. Stable exposure to high levels of green space resulted in higher suicide risk among women. Interactions and stratification by moving type revealed associations between neighbourhood change and suicide were more pronounced in non-movers. Our findings suggest that neighbourhood improvements might contribute to a lower suicide risk, especially for long-term residents in poor neighbourhood conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Hagedoorn
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Marco Helbich
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Life Course Neighborhood Deprivation Effects on Body Mass Index: Quantifying the Importance of Selective Migration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168339. [PMID: 34444095 PMCID: PMC8392830 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood effects research is plagued by the inability to circumvent selection effects —the process of people sorting into neighborhoods. Data from two British Birth Cohorts, 1958 (ages 16, 23, 33, 42, 55) and 1970 (ages 16, 24, 34, 42), and structural equation modelling, were used to investigate life course relationships between body mass index (BMI) and area deprivation (addresses at each age linked to the closest census 1971–2011 Townsend score [TOWN], re-calculated to reflect consistent 2011 lower super output area boundaries). Initially, models were examined for: (1) area deprivation only, (2) health selection only and (3) both. In the best-fitting model, all relationships were then tested for effect modification by residential mobility by inclusion of interaction terms. For both cohorts, both BMI and area deprivation strongly tracked across the life course. Health selection, or higher BMI associated with higher area deprivation at the next study wave, was apparent at three intervals: 1958 cohort, BMI at age 23 y and TOWN at age 33 y and BMI at age 33 y and TOWN at age 42 y; 1970 cohort, BMI at age 34 y and TOWN at age 42 y, while paths between area deprivation and BMI at the next interval were seen in both cohorts, over all intervals, except for the association between TOWN at age 23 y and BMI at age 33 y in the 1958 cohort. None of the associations varied by moving status. In conclusion, for BMI, selective migration does not appear to account for associations between area deprivation and BMI across the life course.
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Curtis S, Cunningham N, Pearce J, Congdon P, Cherrie M, Atkinson S. Trajectories in mental health and socio-spatial conditions in a time of economic recovery and austerity: A longitudinal study in England 2011–17. Soc Sci Med 2021; 270:113654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Levin R, Zilli Vieira CL, Rosenbaum MH, Bischoff K, Mordarski DC, Brown MJ. The urban lead (Pb) burden in humans, animals and the natural environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110377. [PMID: 33129862 PMCID: PMC8812512 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Centuries of human activities, particularly housing and transportation practices from the late 19th century through the 1980's, dispersed hundreds of millions of tons of lead into our urban areas. The urban lead burden is evident among humans, wild and domesticated animals, and plants. Animal lead exposures closely mirror and often exceed the lead exposure patterns of their human partners. Some examples: Pigeons in New York City neighborhoods mimicked the lead exposures of neighborhood children, with more contaminated areas associated with higher exposures in both species. Also, immediately following the lead in drinking water crisis in Flint MI in 2015, blood lead levels in pet dogs in Flint were 4 times higher than in surrounding towns. And combining lead's neurotoxicity with urban stress results in well-characterized aggressive behaviors across multiple species. Lead pollution is not distributed evenly across urban areas. Although average US pediatric lead exposures have declined by 90% since the 1970s, there remain well defined neighborhoods where children continue to have toxic lead exposures; animals are poisoned there, too. Those neighborhoods tend to have disproportionate commercial and industrial lead activity; a history of dense traffic; older and deteriorating housing; past and operating landfills, dumps and hazardous waste sites; and often lead contaminated drinking water. The population there tends to be low income and minority. Urban wild and domesticated animals bear that same lead burden. Soil, buildings, dust and even trees constitute huge lead repositories throughout urban areas. Until and unless we begin to address the lead repositories in our cities, the urban lead burden will continue to impose enormous costs distributed disproportionately across the domains of the natural environment. Evidence-based research has shown the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of some US public policies to prevent or reduce these exposures. We end with a series of recommendations to manage lead-safe urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Levin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Carolina L Zilli Vieira
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Marieke H Rosenbaum
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| | - Karyn Bischoff
- New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Center, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | | | - Mary Jean Brown
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Vaalavuo M, Sihvola MW. Are the Sick Left Behind at the Peripheries? Health Selection in Migration to Growing Urban Centres in Finland. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POPULATION-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE DEMOGRAPHIE 2020; 37:341-366. [PMID: 33911991 PMCID: PMC8035389 DOI: 10.1007/s10680-020-09568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We study health selection in rural–urban migration in Finland using register data. Specifically, we ask whether ‘movers’ differ from ‘stayers’ in their use of special health care services prior to moving. We focus on migration to twelve growing urban centres in different sub-groups of the population as well as in different regions, using multinomial logistic regression and multilevel modelling and by distinguishing between short- and long-distance moves. The results show that urban centres attract healthier individuals, while people with health problems are also prone to move, but not to urban centres. The results were similar when looking only at psychiatric diagnoses. The findings suggest that it is important to distinguish between different types of moves when studying health-selective migration. Studying the patterns of migration according to health enables us to understand drivers of regional health differences. Moreover, such evidence will help in projecting future demand for healthcare across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vaalavuo
- Centre for Health and Social Economics, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko-Waltteri Sihvola
- Centre for Health and Social Economics, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Present Address: Statistics Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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Greene G, Gartner A, Farewell D, Trefan L, Davies AR, Bellis MA, Paranjothy S. Mental health selection: common mental disorder and migration between multiple states of deprivation in a UK cohort. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033238. [PMID: 32034021 PMCID: PMC7045005 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether the direction of movement along the social gradient was associated with changes in mental health status. DESIGN Longitudinal record-linkage study using a multistate model. SETTING Caerphilly, Wales, UK between 2001 and 2015. PARTICIPANTS The analytical sample included 10 892 (60.8% female) individuals aged 18-74 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Deprivation change at lower super output area level using the 2008 Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation. Mental health was assessed in 2001 and 2008 using the Mental Health Inventory subscale of the short-form 36 V.2. RESULTS Mental health selection was shown whereby individuals with common mental health disorders were less likely to move to areas of lower deprivation but more likely to move to areas of greater deprivation. CONCLUSION Poor mental health seems to drive health selection in a similar way to poor physical health. Therefore, funding targeted at areas of higher deprivation should consider the demand to be potentially higher as individuals with poor mental health may migrate into that area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Greene
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrea Gartner
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Daniel Farewell
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lazlo Trefan
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alisha R Davies
- Policy, Research and International Development, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark A Bellis
- Policy, Research and International Development, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shantini Paranjothy
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Mears M, Brindley P, Jorgensen A, Maheswaran R. Population-level linkages between urban greenspace and health inequality: The case for using multiple indicators of neighbourhood greenspace. Health Place 2020; 62:102284. [PMID: 32479362 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to greenspace in urban environments is associated with a range of improved health and well-being outcomes. There is a need to understand which aspects of greenspace influence which components of health. We investigate the relationship of indicators of greenspace quantity (total and specific types of greenspace), accessibility and quality with poor general health, depression, and severe mental illness, in the city of Sheffield, UK. We find complex relationships with multiple greenspace indicators that are different for each health measure, highlighting a need for future studies to include multiple, nuanced indicators of neighbourhood greenspace in order to produce results that can inform planning and policy guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghann Mears
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Sheffield, Floor 13, the Arts Tower, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul Brindley
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Sheffield, Floor 13, the Arts Tower, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Jorgensen
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Sheffield, Floor 13, the Arts Tower, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
| | - Ravi Maheswaran
- Public Health GIS Unit, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, United Kingdom.
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Hombrados-Mendieta I, Millán-Franco M, Gómez-Jacinto L, Gonzalez-Castro F, Martos-Méndez MJ, García-Cid A. Positive Influences of Social Support on Sense of Community, Life Satisfaction and the Health of Immigrants in Spain. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2555. [PMID: 31803103 PMCID: PMC6872520 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the association of social support and the sense of community (SOC) with satisfaction with life (SWL) and immigrant health. We propose a model in which perceived social support from close sources (family and friends), as mediated by SOC and life satisfaction, would be positively associated with mental and physical health. Limited evidence exists from multivariate models that concurrently examine the association of both factors with SWL and health-related outcomes. We investigate the hypothesized association in a structural equations model (SEM) analysis. The participants consisted of 1131 immigrants (49% men and 51% women) (age 18-70, M = 33). The study was conducted in Malaga (Spain). Cross-sectional data were collected using a random-route sampling and survey methodology. In this model, greater social support from native friends was associated with a greater SOC. Social support from family and native friends was associated with greater SWL. Also, a greater SOC was associated with greater SWL. No association was found between SOC and mental health symptoms, whereas, greater SWL was associated with fewer mental health and illness symptoms. These results suggest that among immigrants, support networks involving family and native friends, and integration into the community are important influences for immigrants to achieve life satisfaction. These results are widely applicable and have implications that are relevant to the design of health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hombrados-Mendieta
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Luis Gómez-Jacinto
- Faculty of Social and Labour Studies, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Felipe Gonzalez-Castro
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - Alba García-Cid
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Gruebner O, Rapp MA, Adli M, Kluge U, Galea S, Heinz A. Cities and Mental Health. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 114:121-127. [PMID: 28302261 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than half of the global population currently lives in cities, with an increasing trend for further urbanization. Living in cities is associated with increased population density, traffic noise and pollution, but also with better access to health care and other commodities. METHODS This review is based on a selective literature search, providing an overview of the risk factors for mental illness in urban centers. RESULTS Studies have shown that the risk for serious mental illness is generally higher in cities compared to rural areas. Epidemiological studies have associated growing up and living in cities with a considerably higher risk for schizophrenia. However, correlation is not causation and living in poverty can both contribute to and result from impairments associated with poor mental health. Social isolation and discrimination as well as poverty in the neighborhood contribute to the mental health burden while little is known about specific interactions between such factors and the built environment. CONCLUSION Further insights on the interaction between spatial heterogeneity of neighborhood resources and socio-ecological factors is warranted and requires interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Gruebner
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring of the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin; Social and Preventive Medicine, Universität Potsdam; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin; School of Public Health, Boston University, MA, USA; Berlin Institute for Integration and Migration Research (BIM), Humboldt University of Berlin
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Wilding S, Martin D, Moon G. Place and preference effects on the association between mental health and internal migration within Great Britain. Health Place 2018; 52:180-187. [PMID: 29957395 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with mental health needs are more likely to migrate than the general population, but the effects of migration preference and place of residence are often overlooked. These issues are addressed through the application of a novel origin and destination multilevel model to survey data. In comparison to those with good mental health, individuals with poor mental health are more likely to make undesired moves and this is moderated, but not explained by place of residence. Implications for understanding the mental health and migration relationship, and its impact on service provision are then proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wilding
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Building 44, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Primary Care and Population Sciences, University Hospital Southampton, Room AC22, South Academic Block, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
| | - David Martin
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Building 44, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Moon
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Building 44, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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García-Cid A, Hombrados-Mendieta I, Gómez-Jacinto L, Palma-García MDLO, Millán-Franco M. Apoyo social, resiliencia y región de origen en la salud mental y la satisfacción vital de los inmigrantes. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy16-5.asrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Se analiza la relación del apoyo social y la resiliencia con la satisfacción vital y la salud mental de los inmigrantes, y las diferencias en dichas variables según la región de origen (África, Europa, Latinoamérica y Asia). En el estudio han participado 1094 inmigrantes que residen en España. Los resultados de la regresión por pasos muestran que la tenacidad, el apoyo social de la familia y de los autóctonos, y el control personal son los mejores predictores de la satisfacción vital. La tenacidad, el apoyo de la familia y el control lo son de la salud mental.
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14
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How do moving and other major life events impact mental health? A longitudinal analysis of UK children. Health Place 2017; 46:257-266. [PMID: 28666235 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research has suggested that children who move home report poorer mental health than those who remain residentially stable. However, many previous studies have been based on cross sectional data and have failed to consider major life events as confounders. This study uses longitudinal data from ALSPAC, a UK population based birth cohort study, and employs within-between random effect models to decompose the association between moving in childhood and poor mental health. Results suggest that while unobserved between-individual differences between mobile and non-mobile children account for a large portion of this association, within-individual differences remain and indicate that moving may have a detrimental impact upon subsequent mental health. There is heterogeneity in children's response to moving, suggesting that a dichotomy of movers vs stayers is overly simplistic.
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15
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Pearce J, Shortt N, Rind E, Mitchell R. Life Course, Green Space and Health: Incorporating Place into Life Course Epidemiology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030331. [PMID: 26999179 PMCID: PMC4808994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Researchers interested in the relationships between place and health have been slow to incorporate a life course perspective, probably due to the lack of readily available historical environmental data. This hinders the identification of causal relationships. It also restricts our understanding as to whether there are accumulative effects over the life course and if there are critical periods in people’s lives when places are particularly pertinent. This study considers the feasibility of constructing longitudinal data on the availability of urban green space. The suitability of various historical and contemporary data sources is considered, including paper maps, aerial photographs and tabular land use data. Measures of urban green space are created for all neighbourhoods across the Edinburgh region of Scotland at various points during the past 100 years. We demonstrate that it is feasible to develop such measures, but there are complex issues involved in doing so. We also test the utility of the measures via an analysis of how accessibility to green space might alter over the life course of both people, and their residential neighbourhoods. The findings emphasise the potential for utilising historical data to significantly enhance understanding of the relationships between nature and health, and between health and place more generally. We encourage researchers to use data from other locations to consider including a longitudinal perspective to examine relationships between people’s health and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XP, UK.
| | - Niamh Shortt
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XP, UK.
| | - Esther Rind
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XP, UK.
| | - Richard Mitchell
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8RZ, UK.
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