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González AJ, Díaz D, Ciordia M, Landeras E. Occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pvs. actinidiae, actinidifoliorum and Other P. syringae Strains on Kiwifruit in Northern Spain. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:208. [PMID: 38398717 PMCID: PMC10890144 DOI: 10.3390/life14020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the agent causing bacterial canker of kiwifruit, has been present in the Principality of Asturias (PA), Northern Spain, since 2013, although with restricted distribution. In this study, 53 strains collected in kiwifruit orchards in PA during the period 2014-2020 were characterized by a polyphasic approach including biochemical and phylogenetic analysis. Thirty-three strains, previously identified by PCR as Psa, have been found to be a homogeneous group in phylogenetic analysis, which seems to indicate that there have been few introductions of the pathogen into the region. Two strains were confirmed as P. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (Pfm), so this is the first report of Pfm in the PA. The remaining 18 strains were found to be close to P. avellanae and P. syringae pv. antirrhini or to strains described as Pfm look-alikes. Pathogenicity tests carried out on peppers with a selection of strains have shown that both Psa and Pfm caused clear damage, while the 18 atypical strains caused variable lesions. It would be necessary to carry out pathogenicity testing of atypical strains on kiwifruit plants to study the role of these strains in the kiwifruit pathosystem to evaluate their pathogenic potential in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana J. González
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (D.D.); (M.C.)
| | - David Díaz
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (D.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Marta Ciordia
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Ctra. AS-267, PK 19, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; (D.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Elena Landeras
- Laboratorio de Sanidad Vegetal del Principado de Asturias, C/Lucas Rodríguez Pire, 4-Bajo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
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Genomic Variation and Host Interaction among Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Strains in Actinidia chinensis ‘Hongyang’. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179743. [PMID: 36077140 PMCID: PMC9456109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit bacterial canker is a recent epidemic disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), which has undergone worldwide expansion in a short time and resulted in significant economic losses. ‘Hongyang’ (Actinidia chinensis), a widely grown cultivar because of its health-beneficial nutrients and appreciated red-centered inner pericarp, is highly sensitive to Psa. In this work, ten Psa strains were isolated from ‘Hongyang’ and sequenced for genome analysis. The results indicated divergences in pathogenicity and pathogenic-related genes among the Psa strains. Significantly, the interruption at the 596 bp of HrpR in two low-pathogenicity strains reemphasized this gene, expressing a transcriptional regulator for the effector secretion system, as an important pathogenicity-associated locus of Psa. The transcriptome analysis of ‘Hongyang’ infected with different Psa strains was performed by RNA-seq of stem tissues locally (at the inoculation site) and systemically. Psa infection re-programmed the host genes expression, and the susceptibility to Psa might be attributed to the down-regulation of several genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions, especially calcium signaling transduction, as well as fatty acid elongation. This suppression was found in both low- and high-pathogenicity Psa inoculated tissues, but the effect was stronger with more virulent strains. Taken together, the divergences of P. syringae pv. actinidiae in pathogenicity, genome, and resulting transcriptomic response of A. chinensis provide insights into unraveling the molecular mechanism of Psa-kiwifruit interactions and resistance improvement in the kiwifruit crop.
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Mariz-Ponte N, Gimranov E, Rego R, Moura L, Santos C, Tavares F. Distinct phenotypic behaviours within a clonal population of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269343. [PMID: 35679321 PMCID: PMC9182710 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial canker of the kiwifruit caused by the etiological agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the most severe disease in kiwifruit production. Since 2008 a hypervirulent Psa biovar 3 has spread rapidly worldwide. Different genomic and phenotypic approaches have been used to understand the origin of the dissemination and geographical evolution of populations associated with this pandemic. This study aimed to characterize the genetic and phenotypic diversity of 22 Psa isolates collected in different regions of Portugal between 2013 and 2017. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization was based on Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA), motility, IAA production, Biolog GEN III, and copper sensitivity. No polymorphisms were detected for the concatenated sequence (1950 bp) of the housekeeping genes gltA, gapA, gyrB, and rpoD. Results support the analysed Portuguese Psa isolates (2013–2017) belonging to Psa3, and MLSA indicates high genetic clonality and stability of these populations. The phenotypic analysis through Biolog revealed a heterogeneous pattern in the Psa collection and its position in the Pseudomonas complex. This heterogeneity reflects a genomic diversity that may reflect distinct adaptive trends associated with the environmental conditions and widespread. The Portuguese Psa collection showed no resistance to copper. This information is relevant to kiwi producers that predominantly use Cu-treatments to control kiwifruit bacterial canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Mariz-Ponte
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO-Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, In-BIO-Associate Laboratory, Campus de Vairão, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Emil Gimranov
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Rego
- CISAS—Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Luísa Moura
- CISAS—Centre for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Tavares
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
- CIBIO-Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, In-BIO-Associate Laboratory, Campus de Vairão, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
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The Potential Global Climate Suitability of Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker Disease (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa)) Using Three Modelling Approaches: CLIMEX, Maxent and Multimodel Framework. CLIMATE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cli10020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, outbreaks of kiwifruit bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Psa) have caused huge economic losses to two major global kiwifruit producers, Italy and New Zealand. To evaluate the potential global risk areas of Psa, three modelling methods (MaxEnt, CLIMEX and a multimodel framework, including support vector machines or SVM) were used. Current global occurrence data for Psa were collected from different sources. The long-term climate data were sourced from WorldClim and CliMond websites. The model results were combined into a consensus model to identify the hotspots. The consensus model highlighted the areas where two or three models agreed on climate suitability for Psa. All three models agreed with respect to the climate suitability of areas where Psa is currently present and identified novel areas where Psa has not established yet. The SVM model predicted large areas in Central Asia, Australia, and Europe as more highly suitable compared to MaxEnt and CLIMEX. Annual mean temperature and annual precipitation contributed most to the MaxEnt prediction. Both MaxEnt and CLIMEX showed the probability of Psa establishment increased above 5 °C and decreased above 20 °C. The annual precipitation response curve showed that excessive rain (>1200 mm/y) constrains Psa establishment. Our modelling results will provide useful information for Psa management by highlighting the climatically susceptible areas where Psa has not established, such as the USA, Iran, Denmark, Belgium and especially South Africa, where kiwifruit has been planted commercially in recent years.
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A Breach in Plant Defences: Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Targets Ethylene Signalling to Overcome Actinidia chinensis Pathogen Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094375. [PMID: 33922148 PMCID: PMC8122719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene interacts with other plant hormones to modulate many aspects of plant metabolism, including defence and stomata regulation. Therefore, its manipulation may allow plant pathogens to overcome the host’s immune responses. This work investigates the role of ethylene as a virulence factor for Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the aetiological agent of the bacterial canker of kiwifruit. The pandemic, highly virulent biovar of this pathogen produces ethylene, whereas the biovars isolated in Japan and Korea do not. Ethylene production is modulated in planta by light/dark cycle. Exogenous ethylene application stimulates bacterial virulence, and restricts or increases host colonisation if performed before or after inoculation, respectively. The deletion of a gene, unrelated to known bacterial biosynthetic pathways and putatively encoding for an oxidoreductase, abolishes ethylene production and reduces the pathogen growth rate in planta. Ethylene production by Psa may be a recently and independently evolved virulence trait in the arms race against the host. Plant- and pathogen-derived ethylene may concur in the activation/suppression of immune responses, in the chemotaxis toward a suitable entry point, or in the endophytic colonisation.
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Santos MDV, Barros MPS, Silveira-Filho VDM, Mendes-Marques CL, Lima AVA, Silva MVD, Leal-Balbino TC, Silva MDPCD, Paiva PMG, Oliveira MBMD. Genetic and Biochemical Diversity of Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates in a Public Hospital in Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:509-517. [PMID: 32882147 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Life-threatening bacterial infections are a major concern in health care services worldwide. This retrospective study aimed to demonstrate genetic and biochemical diversity in isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a public hospital in Brazil. A total of 63 isolates collected from different sites of infection and hospital sectors were characterized, and their susceptibility profile to antibiotics was assessed for 18 drugs belonging to 8 antimicrobial categories using the automated BACTEC system. Genetic diversity was assessed using the multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis. Among the isolates of A. baumannii, 83% were classified as extensively drug resistant (XDR), and 17 genotypic profiles were identified. About 67% of P. aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to antimicrobials and were distributed into 37 genotypic profiles, revealing genetic heterogeneity. This study has demonstrated the multicolonization of investigated pathogens and the high frequency (95.8%) of multidrug-resistant and XDR, as well as high genetic diversity, among the isolates supporting the continuous need to monitor these species in the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcia Vanusa da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Draft Genome Sequences of 10 Strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Biovar 1, a Major Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker Pathogen in Japan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/35/e00759-20. [PMID: 32855251 PMCID: PMC7453287 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00759-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several groups (biovars) of the kiwifruit bacterial canker pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae are found in Japan. Here, we sequenced and compared 10 genome sequences of biovar 1, a major group in Japan, which is known as the phaseolotoxin producer. Several groups (biovars) of the kiwifruit bacterial canker pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae are found in Japan. Here, we sequenced and compared 10 genome sequences of biovar 1, a major group in Japan, which is known as the phaseolotoxin producer.
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Kim GH, Lee YS, Jung JS, Koh YJ, Poulter RTM, Butler M. Genomic analyses of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae isolated in Korea suggest the transfer of the bacterial pathogen via kiwifruit pollen. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:132-138. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gyoung Hee Kim
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Jung
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Koh
- Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Margi Butler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Zhao Z, Chen J, Gao X, Zhang D, Zhang J, Wen J, Qin H, Guo M, Huang L. Comparative genomics reveal pathogenicity-related loci in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:923-942. [PMID: 31025813 PMCID: PMC6589868 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial canker of kiwifruit, is a severe global disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Here, we found that Psa biovar 3 (Psa3) was the only biovar consisting of three widely distributed clades in the largest Chinese kiwifruit cultivated area. Comparative genomics between the three clades revealed 13 polymorphic genes, each of which had multiple intra-clade variations. For instance, we confirmed that the polymorphic copA gene, which encodes a periplasmic protein CopA that is translocated by the Twin-arginine targeting (Tat) system, was involved in copper tolerance. We also found extensive variation in pathogenicity amongst strains within each genetically monomorphic clade. Accordingly, the pathogenic determinants of Psa3 were identified via a genomic comparison of phenotypically different strains within each clade. A case study of the high- and low-virulence strains in the clade 2 of Psa3 revealed that an hfq variant involved in in vitro growth and virulence, while a conserved locus 930 bp upstream of the hrpR gene in the Type III secretion system (T3SS) cluster was required for full pathogenicity on kiwifruit and elicitation of the hypersensitivity response on non-host Nicotiana benthamiana. The '-930' locus is involved in transcriptional regulation of hrpR/S and modulates T3SS function via the hierarchical 'HrpR/S-HrpL-T3SS/effector' regulatory cascade in Psa. Our results provide insights into the molecular basis underlying the genetic diversification and evolution of pathogenicity in Psa3 since kiwifruit canker emerged in China in the 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Jiliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Huqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Ming Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Normal UniversityNo. 101 Shanghai RdTongshan DistrictXuzhou221116P. R. China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
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He R, Liu P, Jia B, Xue S, Wang X, Hu J, Al Shoffe Y, Gallipoli L, Mazzaglia A, Balestra GM, Zhu L. Genetic Diversity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Strains from Different Geographic Regions in China. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:347-357. [PMID: 30226424 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-18-0188-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causes kiwifruit bacterial canker, with severe infection of the kiwifruit plant resulting in heavy economic losses. Little is known regarding the biodiversity and genetic variation of populations of P. syringae pv. actinidiae in China. A collection of 269 strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae was identified from 300 isolates obtained from eight sampling sites in five provinces in China. The profiles of 50 strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae and one strain of P. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum were characterized by Rep-, insertion sequences 50, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Discriminant analysis of principal coordinates, principal component analysis, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to analyze the combined fingerprints of the different PCR assays. The results revealed that all isolates belonged to the Psa3 group, that strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae from China have broad genetic variability that was related to source geographic region, and that Chinese strains can be readily differentiated from strains from France but are very similar to those from Italy. Multilocus sequence typing of 24 representative isolates using the concatenated sequences of five housekeeping genes (cts, gapA, gyrB, pfk, and rpoD) demonstrated that strain Jzhy2 from China formed an independent clade compared with the other biovars, which possessed the hopH1 effector gene but lacked the hopA1 effector gene. A constellation analysis based on the presence or absence of the four loci coding for phytotoxins and a cluster analysis based on the 11 effector genes showed that strains from China formed two distinct clades. All of the strains, including K3 isolated in 1997 from Jeju, Korea, lacked the cfl gene coding for coronatine. In contrast, the tox-argK gene cluster coding for phaseolotoxin was detected in K3 and in the biovar 1 strains (K3, Kw30, and Psa92), and produced a false-positive amplicon for the hopAM1-like gene in this study. To date, only one biovar (biovar 3) is represented by the strains of P. syringae pv. actinidiae from China, despite China being the center of origin for kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong He
- 1 Key Lab of Pomology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road 130, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Pu Liu
- 1 Key Lab of Pomology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road 130, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Bing Jia
- 1 Key Lab of Pomology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road 130, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Shizhou Xue
- 1 Key Lab of Pomology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road 130, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- 1 Key Lab of Pomology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road 130, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiayong Hu
- 1 Key Lab of Pomology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road 130, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, P.R. China
| | - Yosef Al Shoffe
- 2 Section of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; and
| | - Lorenzo Gallipoli
- 3 Department of Science and Technologies for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Angelo Mazzaglia
- 3 Department of Science and Technologies for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giorgio M Balestra
- 3 Department of Science and Technologies for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Liwu Zhu
- 1 Key Lab of Pomology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, West Changjiang Road 130, Hefei 230036, Anhui Province, P.R. China
- 2 Section of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; and
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The Genome Sequence of M228, a Chinese Isolate of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Illustrates Insertion Sequence Element Mobility. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:MRA01427-18. [PMID: 30637393 PMCID: PMC6318364 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01427-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here the complete genome sequence of M228, a Chinese biovar 3 strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, a bacterial pathogen of kiwifruit. We present here the complete genome sequence of M228, a Chinese biovar 3 strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, a bacterial pathogen of kiwifruit. A comparison of the insertion sequence (IS) profile of M228 with that of ICMP18708, a New Zealand isolate of P. syringae pv. actinidiae, provided insight into the evolutionary history of IS elements within biovar 3.
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Flores O, Prince C, Nuñez M, Vallejos A, Mardones C, Yañez C, Besoain X, Bastías R. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of Indole-Producing Isolates of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Obtained From Chilean Kiwifruit Orchards. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1907. [PMID: 30186252 PMCID: PMC6113925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Chilean kiwifruit production has been affected by the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), which has caused losses to the industry. In this study, we report the genotypic and phenotypic characterization of 18 Psa isolates obtained from Chilean kiwifruits orchards between 2012 and 2016 from different geographic origins. Genetic analysis by multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using four housekeeping genes (gyrB, rpoD, gltA, and gapA) and the identification of type III effector genes suggest that the Chilean Psa isolates belong to the Psa Biovar 3 cluster. All of the isolates were highly homogenous in regard to their phenotypic characteristics. None of the isolates were able to form biofilms over solid plastic surfaces. However, all of the isolates formed cellular aggregates in the air-liquid interface. All of the isolates, except for Psa 889, demonstrated swimming motility, while only isolate Psa 510 demonstrated swarming motility. The biochemical profiles of the isolates revealed differences in 22% of the tests in at least one Psa isolate when analyzed with the BIOLOG system. Interestingly, all of the isolates were able to produce indole using a tryptophan-dependent pathway. PCR analysis revealed the presence of the genes aldA/aldB and iaaL/matE, which are associated with the production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-acetyl-3-L-lysine (IAA-Lys), respectively, in P. syringae. In addition, IAA was detected in the cell free supernatant of a representative Chilean Psa strain. This work represents the most extensive analysis in terms of the time and geographic origin of Chilean Psa isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Psa being able to produce IAA. Further studies are needed to determine the potential role of IAA in the virulence of Psa during kiwifruit infections and whether this feature is observed in other Psa biovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Flores
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Camila Prince
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mauricio Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Vallejos
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudia Mardones
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Yañez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ximena Besoain
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Roberto Bastías
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Poulter RTM, Ho J, Handley T, Taiaroa G, Butler MI. Comparison between complete genomes of an isolate of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae from Japan and a New Zealand isolate of the pandemic lineage. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10915. [PMID: 30026612 PMCID: PMC6053426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29261-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern pandemic of the bacterial kiwifruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv actinidiae (Psa) is caused by a particular Psa lineage. To better understand the genetic basis of the virulence of this lineage, we compare the completely assembled genome of a pandemic New Zealand strain with that of the Psa type strain first isolated in Japan in 1983. Aligning the two genomes shows numerous translocations, constrained so as to retain the appropriate orientation of the Architecture Imparting Sequences (AIMs). There are several large horizontally acquired regions, some of which include Type I, Type II or Type III restriction systems. The activity of these systems is reflected in the methylation patterns of the two strains. The pandemic strain carries an Integrative Conjugative Element (ICE) located at a tRNA-Lys site. Two other complex elements are also present at tRNA-Lys sites in the genome. These elements are derived from ICE but have now acquired some alternative secretion function. There are numerous types of mobile element in the two genomes. Analysis of these elements reveals no evidence of recombination between the two Psa lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joycelyn Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Handley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George Taiaroa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Margi I Butler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Biondi E, Zamorano A, Vega E, Ardizzi S, Sitta D, De Salvador FR, Campos-Vargas R, Meneses C, Perez S, Bertaccini A, Fiore N. Draft Whole Genome Sequence Analyses on Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Hypersensitive Response Negative Strains Detected from Kiwifruit Bleeding Sap Samples. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 108:552-560. [PMID: 29240520 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-17-0278-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Kiwifruit bleeding sap samples, collected in Italian and Chilean orchards from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants, were evaluated for the presence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of bacterial canker. The saps were sampled during the spring in both hemispheres, before the bud sprouting, during the optimal time window for the collection of an adequate volume of sample for the early detection of the pathogen, preliminarily by molecular assays, and then through its direct isolation and identification. The results of molecular analyses showed more effectiveness in the P. syringae pv. actinidiae detection when compared with those of microbiological analyses through the pathogen isolation on the nutritive and semiselective media selected. The bleeding sap analyses allowed the isolation and identification of two hypersensitive response (HR) negative and hypovirulent P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains from different regions in Italy. Moreover, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and whole genome sequence (WGS) were carried out on selected Italian and Chilean P. syringae pv. actinidiae virulent strains to verify the presence of genetic variability compared with the HR negative strains and to compare the variability of selected gene clusters between strains isolated in both countries. All the strains showed the lack of argK and coronatine gene clusters as reported for the biovar 3 P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains. Despite the biologic differences obtained in the tobacco bioassays and in pathogenicity assays, the MLSA and WGS analyses did not show significant differences between the WGS of the HR negative and HR positive strains; the difference, on the other hand, between PAC_ICE sequences of Italian and Chilean P. syringae pv. actinidiae strains was confirmed. The inability of the hypovirulent strains IPV-BO 8893 and IPV-BO 9286 to provoke HR in tobacco and the low virulence shown in this host could not be associated with mutations or recombinations in T3SS island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Biondi
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
| | - Alan Zamorano
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
| | - Ernesto Vega
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
| | - Stefano Ardizzi
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
| | - Davide Sitta
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
| | - Flavio Roberto De Salvador
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Campos-Vargas
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
| | - Set Perez
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
| | - Assunta Bertaccini
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
| | - Nicola Fiore
- First, fourth, fifth, ninth, and tenth authors: Department of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Pathology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy; second and eleventh authors: Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Santiago 8820808, Chile; third author: Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero, Laboratorios y Estaciones Cuarentenarias, Santiago 9020000, Chile; sixth author: Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Roma 00134, Italy; seventh and eighth authors: Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad Ciencias Biologicas, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Santiago 8370146, Chile; eighth author: FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago 8370146, Chile; and ninth author: Universidad de O'Higgins, Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Rancagua, 2820000, Chile
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15
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Firrao G, Torelli E, Polano C, Ferrante P, Ferrini F, Martini M, Marcelletti S, Scortichini M, Ermacora P. Genomic Structural Variations Affecting Virulence During Clonal Expansion of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Biovar 3 in Europe. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:656. [PMID: 29675009 PMCID: PMC5895724 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) biovar 3 caused pandemic bacterial canker of Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa since 2008. In Europe, the disease spread rapidly in the kiwifruit cultivation areas from a single introduction. In this study, we investigated the genomic diversity of Psa biovar 3 strains during the primary clonal expansion in Europe using single molecule real-time (SMRT), Illumina and Sanger sequencing technologies. We recorded evidences of frequent mobilization and loss of transposon Tn6212, large chromosome inversions, and ectopic integration of IS sequences (remarkably ISPsy31, ISPsy36, and ISPsy37). While no phenotype change associated with Tn6212 mobilization could be detected, strains CRAFRU 12.29 and CRAFRU 12.50 did not elicit the hypersensitivity response (HR) on tobacco and eggplant leaves and were limited in their growth in kiwifruit leaves due to insertion of ISPsy31 and ISPsy36 in the hrpS and hrpR genes, respectively, interrupting the hrp cluster. Both strains had been isolated from symptomatic plants, suggesting coexistence of variant strains with reduced virulence together with virulent strains in mixed populations. The structural differences caused by rearrangements of self-genetic elements within European and New Zealand strains were comparable in number and type to those occurring among the European strains, in contrast with the significant difference in terms of nucleotide polymorphisms. We hypothesize a relaxation, during clonal expansion, of the selection limiting the accumulation of deleterious mutations associated with genome structural variation due to transposition of mobile elements. This consideration may be relevant when evaluating strategies to be adopted for epidemics management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Firrao
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Torelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Cesare Polano
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ferrante
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Martini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Simone Marcelletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of Agricultural Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ermacora
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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16
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Wang R, Li Q, He S, Liu Y, Wang M, Jiang G. Modeling and mapping the current and future distribution of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae under climate change in China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192153. [PMID: 29389964 PMCID: PMC5794145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a major threat to the kiwifruit industry throughout the world and accounts for substantial economic losses in China. The aim of the present study was to test and explore the possibility of using MaxEnt (maximum entropy models) to predict and analyze the future large-scale distribution of Psa in China. METHOD Based on the current environmental factors, three future climate scenarios, which were suggested by the fifth IPCC report, and the current distribution sites of Psa, MaxEnt combined with ArcGIS was applied to predict the potential suitable areas and the changing trend of Psa in China. The jackknife test and correlation analysis were used to choose dominant climatic factors. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) drawn by MaxEnt was used to evaluate the accuracy of the simulation. RESULT The results showed that under current climatic conditions, the area from latitude 25° to 36°N and from longitude 101° to 122°E is the primary potential suitable area of Psa in China. The highly suitable area (with suitability between 66 and 100) was mainly concentrated in Northeast Sichuan, South Shaanxi, most of Chongqing, West Hubei and Southwest Gansu and occupied 4.94% of land in China. Under different future emission scenarios, both the areas and the centers of the suitable areas all showed differences compared with the current situation. Four climatic variables, i.e., maximum April temperature (19%), mean temperature of the coldest quarter (14%), precipitation in May (11.5%) and minimum temperature in October (10.8%), had the largest impact on the distribution of Psa. CONCLUSION The MaxEnt model is potentially useful for forecasting the future adaptive distribution of Psa under climate change, and it provides important guidance for comprehensive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rulin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Rural Economic Information Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shisong He
- The Kiwifruit Institute of Cangxi Country, Cangxi, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The Kiwifruit Institute of Cangxi Country, Cangxi, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingtian Wang
- Sichuan Meteorological Observatory, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gan Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Rural Economic Information Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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17
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Ravelomanantsoa S, Vernière C, Rieux A, Costet L, Chiroleu F, Arribat S, Cellier G, Pruvost O, Poussier S, Robène I, Guérin F, Prior P. Molecular Epidemiology of Bacterial Wilt in the Madagascar Highlands Caused by Andean (Phylotype IIB-1) and African (Phylotype III) Brown Rot Strains of the Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2258. [PMID: 29379515 PMCID: PMC5775269 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a highly diverse cluster of bacterial strains found worldwide, many of which are destructive and cause bacterial wilt (BW) in a wide range of host plants. In 2009, potato production in Madagascar was dramatically affected by several BW epidemics. Controlling this disease is critical for Malagasy potato producers. The first important step toward control is the characterization of strains and their putative origins. The genetic diversity and population structure of the RSSC were investigated in the major potato production areas of the Highlands. A large collection of strains (n = 1224) was assigned to RSSC phylotypes based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phylotypes I and III have been present in Madagascar for a long time but rarely associated with major potato BW outbreaks. The marked increase of BW prevalence was found associated with phylotype IIB sequevar 1 (IIB-1) strains (n = 879). This is the first report of phylotype IIB-1 strains in Madagascar. In addition to reference strains, epidemic IIB-1 strains (n = 255) were genotyped using the existing MultiLocus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) scheme RS2-MLVA9, producing 31 haplotypes separated into two related clonal complexes (CCs). One major CC included most of the worldwide haplotypes distributed across wide areas. A regional-scale investigation suggested that phylotype IIB-1 strains were introduced and massively spread via latently infected potato seed tubers. Additionally, the genetic structure of phylotype IIB-1 likely resulted from a bottleneck/founder effect. The population structure of phylotype III, described here for the first time in Madagascar, exhibited a different pattern. Phylotype III strains (n = 217) were genotyped using the highly discriminatory MLVA scheme RS3-MLVA16. High genetic diversity was uncovered, with 117 haplotypes grouped into 11 CCs. Malagasy phylotype III strains were highly differentiated from continental African strains, suggesting no recent migration from the continent. Overall, population structure of phylotype III involves individual small CCs that correlate to restricted geographic areas in Madagascar. The evidence suggests, if at all, that African phylotype III strains are not efficiently transmitted through latently infected potato seed tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santatra Ravelomanantsoa
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Saint-Pierre, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, University of Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Christian Vernière
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier, France
| | - Adrien Rieux
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Laurent Costet
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Frédéric Chiroleu
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Sandrine Arribat
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Gilles Cellier
- Tropical Pests and Diseases Unit, Plant Health Laboratory, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Olivier Pruvost
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Stéphane Poussier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, University of Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Isabelle Robène
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Fabien Guérin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, University of Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Philippe Prior
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saint-Pierre, France
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18
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Vanneste JL. The Scientific, Economic, and Social Impacts of the New Zealand Outbreak of Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae). ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 55:377-399. [PMID: 28613977 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) severely damaged the New Zealand kiwifruit industry, which in 2010 was based on only two cultivars. Despite an extraordinarily quick and strong response by industry, government, and scientists to minimize the economic and social impacts, the economic consequences of this outbreak were severe. Although our understanding of Psa epidemiology and control methods increased substantively over the past six years, the kiwifruit industry largely recovered because of the introduction of a less-susceptible yellow-fleshed cultivar. The New Zealand population of Psa is clonal but has evolved rapidly since its introduction by exchanging mobile genetic elements, including integrative conjugative elements (ICEs), with the local bacterial populations. In some cases, this has led to copper resistance. It is currently believed that the center of origin of the pathogen is Japan or Korea, but biovar 3, which is responsible for the global outbreak, originated in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L Vanneste
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand;
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19
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Patel HK, Ferrante P, Xianfa M, Javvadi SG, Subramoni S, Scortichini M, Venturi V. Identification of Loci of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Involved in Lipolytic Activity and Their Role in Colonization of Kiwifruit Leaves. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:645-653. [PMID: 28112597 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-16-0360-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial canker disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, an emerging pathogen of kiwifruit plants, has recently brought about major economic losses worldwide. Genetic studies on virulence functions of P. syringae pv. actinidiae have not yet been reported and there is little experimental data regarding bacterial genes involved in pathogenesis. In this study, we performed a genetic screen in order to identify transposon mutants altered in the lipolytic activity because it is known that mechanisms of regulation, production, and secretion of enzymes often play crucial roles in virulence of plant pathogens. We aimed to identify the set of secretion and global regulatory loci that control lipolytic activity and also play important roles in in planta fitness. Our screen for altered lipolytic activity phenotype identified a total of 58 Tn5 transposon mutants. Mapping all these Tn5 mutants revealed that the transposons were inserted in genes that play roles in cell division, chemotaxis, metabolism, movement, recombination, regulation, signal transduction, and transport as well as a few unknown functions. Several of these identified P. syringae pv. actinidiae Tn5 mutants, notably the functions affected in phosphomannomutase AlgC, lipid A biosynthesis acyltransferase, glutamate-cysteine ligase, and the type IV pilus protein PilI, were also found affected in in planta survival and/or growth in kiwifruit plants. The results of the genetic screen and identification of novel loci involved in in planta fitness of P. syringae pv. actinidiae are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitendra Kumar Patel
- First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy; second and sixth authors: Research Centre for Fruit Crops, Agricultural Research Council, Roma, Italy; and sixth author: Research Unit for Fruit Trees, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Caserta, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ferrante
- First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy; second and sixth authors: Research Centre for Fruit Crops, Agricultural Research Council, Roma, Italy; and sixth author: Research Unit for Fruit Trees, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Caserta, Italy
| | - Meng Xianfa
- First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy; second and sixth authors: Research Centre for Fruit Crops, Agricultural Research Council, Roma, Italy; and sixth author: Research Unit for Fruit Trees, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Caserta, Italy
| | - Sree Gowrinadh Javvadi
- First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy; second and sixth authors: Research Centre for Fruit Crops, Agricultural Research Council, Roma, Italy; and sixth author: Research Unit for Fruit Trees, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Caserta, Italy
| | - Sujatha Subramoni
- First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy; second and sixth authors: Research Centre for Fruit Crops, Agricultural Research Council, Roma, Italy; and sixth author: Research Unit for Fruit Trees, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Scortichini
- First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy; second and sixth authors: Research Centre for Fruit Crops, Agricultural Research Council, Roma, Italy; and sixth author: Research Unit for Fruit Trees, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Caserta, Italy
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- First, third, fourth, fifth, and seventh authors: International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy; second and sixth authors: Research Centre for Fruit Crops, Agricultural Research Council, Roma, Italy; and sixth author: Research Unit for Fruit Trees, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Caserta, Italy
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