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Sforzini S, Banni M, Oliveri C, Moore MN, Viarengo A. New insights into the possible multiple roles of histidine-rich glycoprotein in blue mussels. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 245:110440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Liberatori G, Grassi G, Guidi P, Bernardeschi M, Fiorati A, Scarcelli V, Genovese M, Faleri C, Protano G, Frenzilli G, Punta C, Corsi I. Effect-Based Approach to Assess Nanostructured Cellulose Sponge Removal Efficacy of Zinc Ions from Seawater to Prevent Ecological Risks. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1283. [PMID: 32629917 PMCID: PMC7407410 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To encourage the applicability of nano-adsorbent materials for heavy metal ion removal from seawater and limit any potential side effects for marine organisms, an ecotoxicological evaluation based on a biological effect-based approach is presented. ZnCl2 (10 mg L-1) contaminated artificial seawater (ASW) was treated with newly developed eco-friendly cellulose-based nanosponges (CNS) (1.25 g L-1 for 2 h), and the cellular and tissue responses of marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were measured before and after CNS treatment. A control group (ASW only) and a negative control group (CNS in ASW) were also tested. Methods: A significant recovery of Zn-induced damages in circulating immune and gill cells and mantle edges was observed in mussels exposed after CNS treatment. Genetic and chromosomal damages reversed to control levels in mussels' gill cells (DNA integrity level, nuclear abnormalities and apoptotic cells) and hemocytes (micronuclei), in which a recovery of lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) was also observed. Damage to syphons, loss of cilia by mantle edge epithelial cells and an increase in mucous cells in ZnCl2-exposed mussels were absent in specimens after CNS treatment, in which the mantle histology resembled that of the controls. No effects were observed in mussels exposed to CNS alone. As further proof of CNS' ability to remove Zn(II) from ASW, a significant reduction of >90% of Zn levels in ASW after CNS treatment was observed (from 6.006 to 0.510 mg L-1). Ecotoxicological evaluation confirmed the ability of CNS to remove Zn from ASW by showing a full recovery of Zn-induced toxicological responses to the levels of mussels exposed to ASW only (controls). An effect-based approach was thus proven to be useful in order to further support the environmentally safe (ecosafety) application of CNS for heavy metal removal from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Liberatori
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences and INSTM Local Unit, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Giacomo Grassi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences and INSTM Local Unit, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Patrizia Guidi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-Section of Applied Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.G.); (M.B.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Margherita Bernardeschi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-Section of Applied Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.G.); (M.B.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Andrea Fiorati
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy; (A.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Vittoria Scarcelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-Section of Applied Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.G.); (M.B.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimo Genovese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-Section of Applied Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.G.); (M.B.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Claudia Faleri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Protano
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences and INSTM Local Unit, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Giada Frenzilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-Section of Applied Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (P.G.); (M.B.); (V.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Carlo Punta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta” and INSTM Local Unit, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy; (A.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences and INSTM Local Unit, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.L.); (G.G.); (G.P.)
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Eggermont M, Cornillie P, Dierick M, Adriaens D, Nevejan N, Bossier P, Van den Broeck W, Sorgeloos P, Defoirdt T, Declercq AM. The blue mussel inside: 3D visualization and description of the vascular-related anatomy of Mytilus edulis to unravel hemolymph extraction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6773. [PMID: 32317671 PMCID: PMC7174403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The blue mussel Mytilus edulis is an intensely studied bivalve in biomonitoring programs worldwide. The lack of detailed descriptions of hemolymph-withdrawal protocols, particularly with regard to the place from where hemolymph could be perfused from, raises questions regarding the exact composition of aspirated hemolymph and does not exclude the possibility of contamination with other body-fluids. This study demonstrates the use of high resolution X-ray computed tomography and histology combined with 3D-reconstruction using AMIRA-software to visualize some important vascular-related anatomic structures of Mytilus edulis. Based on these images, different hemolymph extraction sites used in bivalve research were visualized and described, leading to new insights into hemolymph collection. Results show that hemolymph withdrawn from the posterior adductor muscle could be extracted from small spaces and fissures between the muscle fibers that are connected to at least one hemolymph supplying artery, more specifically the left posterior gastro-intestinal artery. Furthermore, 3D-reconstructions indicate that puncturing hemolymph from the pericard, anterior aorta, atria and ventricle in a non-invasive way should be possible. Hemolymph withdrawal from the heart is less straightforward and more prone to contamination from the pallial cavity. This study resulted simultaneously in a detailed description and visualization of the vascular-related anatomy of Mytilus edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Eggermont
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Department Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium
- XRE nv. Bollebergen 2B box 1, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Adriaens
- Research Group Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy Nevejan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sorgeloos
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Defoirdt
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Maria Declercq
- Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Jin C, Liu XJ, Li JL. A Kunitz proteinase inhibitor (HcKuPI) participated in antimicrobial process during pearl sac formation and induced the overgrowth of calcium carbonate in Hyriopsis cumingii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:437-447. [PMID: 30980916 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proteinase inhibitors with the ability to inhibit specific proteinases are usually closely connected with the immune system. Interestingly, proteinase inhibitors are also a common ingredient in the organic matrix of mollusk shells. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies the role of proteinase inhibitors in immune system and shell mineralization is poorly known. In this study, a Kunitz serine proteinase inhibitor (HcKuPI) was isolated from the mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. HcKuPI was specifically expressed in dorsal epithelial cells of the mantle pallium and HcKuPI dsRNA injection caused an irregular surface and disordered deposition on the aragonite tablets of the nacreous layer. These results indicated that HcKuPI plays a vital role in shell nacreous layer biomineralization. Moreover, the expression pattern of HcKuPI during LPS challenge and pearl formation indicated its involvement in the antimicrobial process during pearl sac formation and nacre tablets accumulation during pearl formation. In the in vitro calcium carbonate crystallization assay, the addition of GST-HcKuPI increased the precipitation rate of calcium carbonate and induced the crystal overgrowth of calcium carbonate. Taken together, these results indicate that HcKuPI is involved in antimicrobial process during pearl formation, and participates in calcium carbonate deposition acceleration and morphological regulation of the crystals during nacreous layer formation. These findings extend our knowledge of the role of proteinase inhibitors in immune system and shell biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Jin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jia-Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Revisiting the Organic Template Model through the Microstructural Study of Shell Development in Pinctada margaritifera, the Polynesian Pearl Oyster. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8090370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A top-down approach to the mineralized structures and developmental steps that can be separated in the shells of Pinctada margaritifera was carried out. Detailed characterizations show that each of the two major layers usually taken into account (the outer prismatic layer and the inner nacreous layer) is actually the result of a complex process during which the microstructural patterns were progressively established. From its early growing stages in the deeper part of the periostracal grove up to the formation of the most inner nacreous layers, this species provides a demonstrative case study illustrating the leading role of specifically secreted organic structures as determinants of the crystallographic properties of the shell-building units. Gathering data established at various observational scales ranging from morphology to the nanometer level, this study allows for a reexamination of the recent and current biomineralization models.
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Calvo-Iglesias J, Pérez-Estévez D, González-Fernández Á. MSP22.8 is a protease inhibitor-like protein involved in shell mineralization in the edible mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1539-1556. [PMID: 28979842 PMCID: PMC5623705 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mussel shell protein 22.8 (MSP22.8) is recognized by a monoclonal antibody (M22.8) directed against larvae of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. After being secreted by cells of the mantle-edge epithelium into the extrapallial (EP) space (the gap between the mantle and the shell), the protein is detected in the extrapallial fluid (EPF) and EP hemocytes and finally becomes part of the shell matrix framework in adult specimens of M. galloprovincialis. In the work described here, we show how MSP22.8 is detected in EPF samples from different species of mussels (M. galloprovincialis, Mytilus edulis, and Xenostrobus securis), and also as a shell matrix protein in M. galloprovincialis, Mytilus chilensis, and Perna canaliculus. A multistep purification strategy was employed to isolate the protein from the EPF, which was then analyzed by mass spectrometry in order to identify it. The results indicate that MSP22.8 is a serpin-like protein that has great similarity with the protease inhibitor-like protein-B1, reported previously for Mytilus coruscus. We suggest that MSP22.8 is part of a system offering protection from proteolysis during biomineralization and is also part of the innate immune system in mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Calvo-Iglesias
- Immunology Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) Centro Singular de investigación de Galicia Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) University of Vigo Pontevedra Spain
| | | | - África González-Fernández
- Immunology Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO) Centro Singular de investigación de Galicia Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV) University of Vigo Pontevedra Spain
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