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Xu X, Zhang J, Xing H, Han L, Li X, Wu P, Tang J, Jing L, Luo J, Luo J, Liu L. Identification of metabolism-related key genes as potential biomarkers for pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9040. [PMID: 38641637 PMCID: PMC11031595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), an acquired autoimmune disease, is characterized by immune-mediated platelet destruction. A biomarker is a biological entity that contributes to disease pathogenesis and reflects disease activity. Metabolic alterations are reported to be associated with the occurrence of various diseases. As metabolic biomarkers for ITP have not been identified. This study aimed to identify metabolism-related differentially expressed genes as potential biomarkers for pathogenesis of ITP using bioinformatic analyses.The microarray expression data of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GSE112278 download link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE112278 ). Key module genes were intersected with metabolism-related genes to obtain the metabolism-related key candidate genes. The hub genes were screened based on the degree function in the coytoscape sofware. The key ITP-related genes were subjected to functional enrichment analysis. Immune infiltration analysis was performed using a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis algorithm to evaluate the differential infiltration levels of immune cell types between ITP patient and control. Molecular subtypes were identified based on the expression of hub genes. The expression of hub genes in the ITP patients was validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. This study identified five hub genes (ADH4, CYP7A1, CYP1A2, CYP8B1, and NR1H4), which were be associated with the pathogenesis of ITP, and two molecular subtypes of ITP. Among these hub genes, CYP7A1 and CYP8B1 involved in cholesterol metabolism,were further verified in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liying Han
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pengqiang Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jirui Tang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhang W, Sen A, Pena JK, Reitsma A, Alexander OC, Tajima T, Martinez OM, Krams SM. Application of Mass Cytometry Platforms to Solid Organ Transplantation. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00687. [PMID: 38467594 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Transplantation serves as the cornerstone of treatment for patients with end-stage organ disease. The prevalence of complications, such as allograft rejection, infection, and malignancies, underscores the need to dissect the complex interactions of the immune system at the single-cell level. In this review, we discuss studies using mass cytometry or cytometry by time-of-flight, a cutting-edge technology enabling the characterization of immune populations and cell-to-cell interactions in granular detail. We review the application of mass cytometry in human and experimental animal studies in the context of transplantation, uncovering invaluable contributions of the tool to understanding rejection and other transplant-related complications. We discuss recent innovations that have the potential to streamline and standardize mass cytometry workflows for application to multisite clinical trials. Additionally, we introduce imaging mass cytometry, a technique that couples the power of mass cytometry with spatial context, thereby mapping cellular interactions within tissue microenvironments. The synergistic integration of mass cytometry and imaging mass cytometry data with other omics data sets and high-dimensional data platforms to further define immune dynamics is discussed. In conclusion, mass cytometry technologies, when integrated with other tools and data, shed light on the intricate landscape of the immune response in transplantation. This approach holds significant potential for enhancing patient outcomes by advancing our understanding and facilitating the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Ayantika Sen
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Andrea Reitsma
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Oliver C Alexander
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Meharry Medical College, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Tetsuya Tajima
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | | | - Sheri M Krams
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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3
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Li F, Gragert L, Giovanni Biagini D, Patel JK, Kobashigawa JA, Trück J, Rodriguez O, Watson CT, Gibb DR, Zhang X, Kransdorf EP. IgM marks persistent IgG anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies in highly sensitized heart transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024; 43:314-323. [PMID: 37793509 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitization to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is a persistent problem in heart transplant (HT) candidates. We sought to characterize the anti-HLA antibody and circulating B cell repertoire in a cohort of highly sensitized HT candidates. METHODS We assessed immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-HLA antibodies using Luminex single antigen bead assays in a cohort of 11 highly sensitized (HS; calculated panel reactive antibody ≥ 90%) and 3 mildly sensitized (MS) candidates. We also performed B cell receptor repertoire sequencing (BCRseq) in HS candidates and 33 non-candidate controls. HLA antibody strength was measured by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). RESULTS We found that IgM anti-HLA antibodies were present in all HS candidates, but with a lower breadth and strength as compared to IgG. When anti-HLA IgG specificities intersected with IgM, binding strength was higher. In contrast, there were IgM but no intersecting IgG specificities for the MS group. In four candidates in the HS group, IgG anti-HLA antibodies decreased in both breadth and strength after HT, but the decrease in strength was smaller if the IgG possessed a specificity that intersected with pre-transplant IgM. BCRseq revealed larger B cell clonotypes in HS candidates but similar diversity as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS IgM marks IgG anti-HLA antibodies with higher strength before HT and persistence after HT. The presence of IgM intersecting IgG for an anti-HLA specificity may be a useful approach to determine which donor HLA should be avoided for a sensitized candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Loren Gragert
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - D Giovanni Biagini
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jignesh K Patel
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jon A Kobashigawa
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Johannes Trück
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - David R Gibb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Xiaohai Zhang
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Evan P Kransdorf
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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4
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The Value of Single-cell Technologies in Solid Organ Transplantation Studies. Transplantation 2022; 106:2325-2337. [PMID: 35876376 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies open up new opportunities to explore the behavior of cells at the individual level. For solid organ transplantation, single-cell technologies can provide in-depth insights into the underlying mechanisms of the immunological processes involved in alloimmune responses after transplantation by investigating the role of individual cells in tolerance and rejection. Here, we review the value of single-cell technologies, including cytometry by time-of-flight and single-cell RNA sequencing, in the context of solid organ transplantation research. Various applications of single-cell technologies are addressed, such as the characterization and identification of immune cell subsets involved in rejection or tolerance. In addition, we explore the opportunities for analyzing specific alloreactive T- or B-cell clones by linking phenotype data to T- or B-cell receptor data, and for distinguishing donor- from recipient-derived immune cells. Moreover, we discuss the use of single-cell technologies in biomarker identification and risk stratification, as well as the remaining challenges. Together, this review highlights that single-cell approaches contribute to a better understanding of underlying immunological mechanisms of rejection and tolerance, thereby potentially accelerating the development of new or improved therapies to avoid allograft rejection.
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5
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Jaimes MC, Leipold M, Kraker G, Amir E, Maecker H, Lannigan J. Full spectrum flow cytometry and mass cytometry: A 32-marker panel comparison. Cytometry A 2022; 101:942-959. [PMID: 35593221 PMCID: PMC9790709 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional single-cell data has become an important tool in unraveling the complexity of the immune system and its involvement in homeostasis and a large array of pathologies. As technological tools are developed, researchers are adopting them to answer increasingly complex biological questions. Up until recently, mass cytometry (MC) has been the main technology employed in cytometric assays requiring more than 29 markers. Recently, however, with the introduction of full spectrum flow cytometry (FSFC), it has become possible to break the fluorescence barrier and go beyond 29 fluorescent parameters. In this study, in collaboration with the Stanford Human Immune Monitoring Center (HIMC), we compared five patient samples using an established immune panel developed by the HIMC using their MC platform. Using split samples and the same antibody panel, we were able to demonstrate highly comparable results between the two technologies using multiple data analysis approaches. We report here a direct comparison of two technology platforms (MC and FSFC) using a 32-marker flow cytometric immune monitoring panel that can identify all the previously described and anticipated immune subpopulations defined by this panel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Leipold
- Department of Microbiology/ImmunologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Geoffrey Kraker
- Technical Applications SupportCytek Biosciences Inc.FremontCaliforniaUSA
| | - El‐ad Amir
- Astrolabe DiagnosticsFort LeeNew JerseyUSA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Department of Microbiology/ImmunologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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6
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Gotlieb N, Azhie A, Sharma D, Spann A, Suo NJ, Tran J, Orchanian-Cheff A, Wang B, Goldenberg A, Chassé M, Cardinal H, Cohen JP, Lodi A, Dieude M, Bhat M. The promise of machine learning applications in solid organ transplantation. NPJ Digit Med 2022; 5:89. [PMID: 35817953 PMCID: PMC9273640 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-022-00637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid-organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for end-stage organ disease in highly selected patients. Alongside the tremendous progress in the last several decades, new challenges have emerged. The growing disparity between organ demand and supply requires optimal patient/donor selection and matching. Improvements in long-term graft and patient survival require data-driven diagnosis and management of post-transplant complications. The growing abundance of clinical, genetic, radiologic, and metabolic data in transplantation has led to increasing interest in applying machine-learning (ML) tools that can uncover hidden patterns in large datasets. ML algorithms have been applied in predictive modeling of waitlist mortality, donor–recipient matching, survival prediction, post-transplant complications diagnosis, and prediction, aiming to optimize immunosuppression and management. In this review, we provide insight into the various applications of ML in transplant medicine, why these were used to evaluate a specific clinical question, and the potential of ML to transform the care of transplant recipients. 36 articles were selected after a comprehensive search of the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print and In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations; Ovid Embase; Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Ovid); and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Ovid). In summary, these studies showed that ML techniques hold great potential to improve the outcome of transplant recipients. Future work is required to improve the interpretability of these algorithms, ensure generalizability through larger-scale external validation, and establishment of infrastructure to permit clinical integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Gotlieb
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Azhie
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Spann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nan-Ji Suo
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Tran
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ani Orchanian-Cheff
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Chassé
- Department of Medicine (Critical Care), University of Montreal Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Data and Innovation Expert Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heloise Cardinal
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Data and Innovation Expert Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Paul Cohen
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Data and Innovation Expert Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine & Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Mila, Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Lodi
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Data and Innovation Expert Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Canada Excellence Research Chair, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Dieude
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Data and Innovation Expert Group, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal Research Center, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Héma-Québec, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Data and Innovation Expert Group, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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May FNJ, Rees MT, Griffin S, Fildes JE. Understanding immunological response to desensitisation strategies in highly sensitised potential kidney transplant patients. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2021; 35:100596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2021.100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Brand A, De Angelis V, Vuk T, Garraud O, Lozano M, Politis D. Review of indications for immunoglobulin (IG) use: Narrowing the gap between supply and demand. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 28:96-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Zhang T, Warden AR, Li Y, Ding X. Progress and applications of mass cytometry in sketching immune landscapes. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e206. [PMID: 33135337 PMCID: PMC7556381 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently emerged mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of-flight [CyTOF]) technology permits the identification and quantification of inherently diverse cellular systems, and the simultaneous measurement of functional attributes at the single-cell resolution. By virtue of its multiplex ability with limited need for compensation, CyTOF has led a critical role in immunological research fields. Here, we present an overview of CyTOF, including the introduction of CyTOF principle and advantages that make it a standalone tool in deciphering immune mysteries. We then discuss the functional assays, introduce the bioinformatics to interpret the data yield via CyTOF, and depict the emerging clinical and research applications of CyTOF technology in sketching immune landscape in a wide variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Antony R. Warden
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiyang Li
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xianting Ding
- State Key laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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10
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Sessa M, Khan AR, Liang D, Andersen M, Kulahci M. Artificial Intelligence in Pharmacoepidemiology: A Systematic Review. Part 1-Overview of Knowledge Discovery Techniques in Artificial Intelligence. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1028. [PMID: 32765261 PMCID: PMC7378532 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To perform a systematic review on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) based knowledge discovery techniques in pharmacoepidemiology. Study Eligibility Criteria Clinical trials, meta-analyses, narrative/systematic review, and observational studies using (or mentioning articles using) artificial intelligence techniques were eligible. Articles without a full text available in the English language were excluded. Data Sources Articles recorded from 1950/01/01 to 2019/05/06 in Ovid MEDLINE were screened. Participants Studies including humans (real or simulated) exposed to a drug. Results In total, 72 original articles and 5 reviews were identified via Ovid MEDLINE. Twenty different knowledge discovery methods were identified, mainly from the area of machine learning (66/72; 91.7%). Classification/regression (44/72; 61.1%), classification/regression + model optimization (13/72; 18.0%), and classification/regression + features selection (12/72; 16.7%) were the three most frequent tasks in reviewed literature that machine learning methods has been applied to solve. The top three used techniques were artificial neural networks, random forest, and support vector machines models. Conclusions The use of knowledge discovery techniques of artificial intelligence techniques has increased exponentially over the years covering numerous sub-topics of pharmacoepidemiology. Systematic Review Registration Systematic review registration number in PROSPERO: CRD42019136552.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Sessa
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abdul Rauf Khan
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Liang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Murat Kulahci
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Business Administration, Technology and Social Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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11
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Atif M, Conti F, Gorochov G, Oo YH, Miyara M. Regulatory T cells in solid organ transplantation. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e01099. [PMID: 32104579 PMCID: PMC7036337 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of graft tolerance remains the holy grail of transplantation. This is important as chronic allograft dysfunction and the side effects of immunosuppression regimens place a major burden on the lives of transplant patients and their healthcare systems. This has mandated the need to understand the immunobiology of graft rejection and identify novel therapeutics. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in modulating pro‐inflammatory microenvironments and maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, there are fundamental unanswered questions regarding Treg cell immunobiology. These cells are a heterogeneous entity with functionally diverse roles. Moreover, the adoption of novel deeper immunophenotyping and genomic sequencing technologies has identified this phenotype and function to be more complex than expected. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of Treg cell heterogeneity is needed to safely and effectively exploit their therapeutic potential. From a clinical perspective, the recent decade has seen different clinical teams commence and complete first‐in‐man clinical trials utilising Treg cells as an adoptive cellular therapy. In this review, we discuss these trials from a translational perspective with an important focus on safety. Finally, we identify crucial knowledge gaps for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif
- Sorbonne Université Inserm U1135 Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris) Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP Paris France.,Unité de Transplantation Hépatique Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP Paris France.,Centre for Liver and Gastro Research NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre University of Birmingham Birmingham UK.,Academic Department of Surgery University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Filomena Conti
- Unité de Transplantation Hépatique Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP Paris France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université Inserm U1135 Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris) Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP Paris France
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastro Research NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre University of Birmingham Birmingham UK.,Liver Transplant and HPB Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Sorbonne Université Inserm U1135 Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris) Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière AP-HP Paris France
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12
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Pilon C, Bigot J, Grondin C, Thiolat A, Lang P, Cohen JL, Grimbert P, Matignon M. Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Lymphocytes Changes in Allograft Recipients After Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:34. [PMID: 32038663 PMCID: PMC6993066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) are widely used after kidney transplantation and its biological effect on T and B cell phenotype in the context of maintenance immunosuppression was not documented yet. We designed a monocentric prospective cohort study of kidney allograft recipients with anti-HLA donor specific antibodies (DSA) without acute rejection on screening biopsies treated with prophylactic high-dose IVIG (2 g/kg) monthly for 2 months. Any previous treatment with Rituximab was an exclusion criterion. We performed an extensive analysis of phenotypic and transcriptomic T and B lymphocytes changes and serum cytokines after treatment (day 60). Twelve kidney transplant recipients who completed at least two courses of high-dose IVIG (2 g/kg) were included in a median time of 45 (12–132) months after transplant. Anti-HLA DSA characteristics were similar before and after treatment. At D60, PBMC population distribution was similar to the day before the first infusion. CD8+ CD45RA+ T cells and naïve B-cells (Bm2+) decreased (P = 0.03 and P = 0.012, respectively) whereas Bm1 (mature B-cells) increased (P = 0.004). RORγt serum mRNA transcription factor and CD3 serum mRNA increased 60 days after IVIG (P = 0.02 for both). Among the 25 cytokines tested, only IL-18 serum concentration significantly decreased at D60 (P = 0.03). In conclusion, high dose IVIG induced limited B cell and T cell phenotype modifications that could lead to anti-HLA DSA decrease. However, no clinical effect has been isolated and the real benefit of prophylactic use of IVIG after kidney transplantation merits to be questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pilon
- APHP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Jeremy Bigot
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Cynthia Grondin
- APHP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France
| | - Allan Thiolat
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Lang
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,APHP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Nephrology and Transplantation Department, Créteil, France
| | - José L Cohen
- APHP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Grimbert
- APHP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,APHP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Nephrology and Transplantation Department, Créteil, France
| | - Marie Matignon
- APHP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, UPEC, Créteil, France.,Inserm, U955, Equipe 21, Créteil, France.,APHP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Hôpital H. Mondor-A. Chenevier, Nephrology and Transplantation Department, Créteil, France
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13
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Using the Immunophenotype to Predict Response to Biologic Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Pers Med 2019; 9:jpm9040046. [PMID: 31581724 PMCID: PMC6963853 DOI: 10.3390/jpm9040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a key mediator of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, and its discovery led to the development of highly successful anti-TNF therapy. Subsequently, other biologic drugs targeting immune pathways, namely interleukin-6 blockade, B cell depletion, and T cell co-stimulation blockade, have been developed. Not all patients respond to a biologic drug, leading to a knowledge gap between biologic therapies available and the confident prediction of response. So far, genetic studies have failed to uncover clinically informative biomarkers to predict response. Given that the targets of biologics are immune pathways, immunological study has become all the more pertinent. Furthermore, advances in single-cell technology have enabled the characterization of many leucocyte subsets. Studying the blood immunophenotype may therefore, define biomarker profiles relevant to each individual patient's disease and treatment outcome. This review summarises our current understanding of how immune biomarkers might be able to predict treatment response to biologic drugs.
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14
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Fischman C, Fribourg M, Fabrizio G, Cioni M, Comoli P, Nocera A, Cardillo M, Cantarelli C, Gallon L, Petrosyan A, Da Sacco S, Perin L, Cravedi P. Circulating B Cells With Memory and Antibody-Secreting Phenotypes Are Detectable in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients Before the Development of Antibody-Mediated Rejection. Transplant Direct 2019; 5:e481. [PMID: 31579809 PMCID: PMC6739044 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of anti-human leukocyte antigen donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) is associated with antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and reduced allograft survival in kidney transplant recipients. Whether changes in circulating lymphocytes anticipate DSA or AMR development is unclear. METHODS We used time-of-flight mass cytometry to analyze prospectively collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from pediatric kidney transplant recipients who developed DSA (DSA-positive recipients [DSAPOS], n = 10). PBMC were obtained at 2 months posttransplant, 3 months before DSA development, and at DSA detection. PBMC collected at the same time points posttransplant from recipients who did not develop DSA (DSA-negative recipients [DSANEG], n = 11) were used as controls. RESULTS DSAPOS and DSANEG recipients had similar baseline characteristics and comparable frequencies of total B and T cells. Within DSAPOS recipients, there was no difference in DSA levels (mean fluorescence intensity [MFI]: 13 687 ± 4159 vs 11 375 ± 1894 in DSAPOSAMR-positive recipients (AMRPOS) vs DSAPOSAMR-negative recipients (AMRNEG), respectively; P = 0.630), C1q binding (5 DSAPOSAMRPOS [100%] vs 4 DSAPOSAMRNEG [80%]; P = 1.000), or C3d binding (3 DSAPOSAMRPOS [60%] vs 1 DSAPOSAMRNEG [20%]; P = 0.520) between patients who developed AMR and those who did not. However, DSAPOS patients who developed AMR (n = 5; 18.0 ± 3.6 mo post-DSA detection) had increased B cells with antibody-secreting (IgD-CD27+CD38+; P = 0.002) and memory (IgD-CD27+CD38-; P = 0.003) phenotypes compared with DSANEG and DSAPOSAMRNEG recipients at DSA detection. CONCLUSIONS Despite the small sample size, our comprehensive phenotypic analyses show that circulating B cells with memory and antibody-secreting phenotypes are present at DSA onset, >1 year before biopsy-proven AMR in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Fischman
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Miguel Fribourg
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ginevri Fabrizio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Cioni
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Nocera
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Cardillo
- Department Transplantation Immunology, IRCCS Fondazione Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Cantarelli
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Università di Parma, UO Nefrologia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gallon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Astgik Petrosyan
- Division of Urology GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stefano Da Sacco
- Division of Urology GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laura Perin
- Division of Urology GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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15
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Zhang W, Yi Z, Wei C, Keung KL, Sun Z, Xi C, Woytovich C, Farouk S, Gallon L, Menon MC, Magee C, Najafian N, Samaniego MD, Djamali A, Alexander SI, Rosales IA, Smith RN, O'Connell PJ, Colvin R, Cravedi P, Murphy B. Pretransplant transcriptomic signature in peripheral blood predicts early acute rejection. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127543. [PMID: 31167967 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly available clinical parameters fail to predict early acute cellular rejection (EAR, occurring within 6 months after transplant), a major risk factor for graft loss after kidney transplantation. We performed whole-blood RNA sequencing at the time of transplant in 235 kidney transplant recipients enrolled in a prospective cohort study (Genomics of Chronic Allograft Rejection [GoCAR]) and evaluated the relationship of pretransplant transcriptomic profiles with EAR. EAR was associated with downregulation of NK and CD8+ T cell gene signatures in pretransplant blood. We identified a 23-gene set that predicted EAR in the discovery (n = 81, and AUC = 0.80) and validation (n = 74, and AUC = 0.74) sets. Exclusion of recipients with 5 or 6 HLA donor mismatches increased the AUC to 0.89. The risk score derived from the gene set was also significantly associated with acute cellular rejection after 6 months, antibody-mediated rejection and/or de novo donor-specific antibodies, and graft loss in a cohort of 154 patients, combining the validation set and additional GoCAR patients with surveillance biopsies between 6 and 24 months (n = 80) posttransplant. This 23-gene set is a potentially important new tool for determination of the recipient's immunological risk before kidney transplantation, and facilitation of an individualized approach to immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhengzi Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chengguo Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karen L Keung
- Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caixia Xi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Woytovich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samira Farouk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lorenzo Gallon
- Department of Medicine-Nephrology and Surgery-Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madhav C Menon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ciara Magee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nader Najafian
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Arjang Djamali
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ivy A Rosales
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rex Neal Smith
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip J O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert Colvin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Murphy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Wragg NM, Burke L, Wilson SL. A critical review of current progress in 3D kidney biomanufacturing: advances, challenges, and recommendations. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-019-0218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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17
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Siebert JC, Görg C, Palmer B, Lozupone C. Visualizing microbiome-immune system interplay. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:63-67. [PMID: 30730269 PMCID: PMC6354219 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Siebert
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- CytoAnalytics, Denver, CO 80113, USA
| | - Carsten Görg
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Brent Palmer
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Catherine Lozupone
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review aims to highlight the major recent advances in transplantation with regards to basic, translational, and clinical research. RECENT FINDINGS We describe new concepts in understanding allorecognition and allospecificity of T cells, and discuss current challenges in targeting memory T cells, including the limitation of rodent disease models. From a clinical perspective, we highlight the advances in molecular biopsy characterization, which have expanded our knowledge of potential drivers of injury and may provide better parameters for patient risk stratification. We also highlight the dual role of innate immunity in both stimulating and regulating adaptive immunity, as well as novel insights into environmental exposures that may affect immune regulation, such as high-salt diet. Finally, we discuss advances in understanding humoral response and novel technologies, such as chimeric antigen receptors-engineered T cells, microparticle-based drug delivery, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene editing, that may provide intriguing and promising approaches to restrain alloimmunity. SUMMARY Current advances in our understanding of the basic mechanisms of alloimmunity and their potential translation to clinical applications will permit the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to improve long-term graft survival.
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19
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Krams SM, Schaffert S, Lau AH, Martinez OM. Applying Mass Cytometry to the Analysis of Lymphoid Populations in Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:1992-1999. [PMID: 27888565 PMCID: PMC5526773 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell flow cytometric techniques have been indispensable to improving our understanding of the phenotype and function of immune cell subsets that are important in both rejection and tolerance after transplant. Mass cytometry, or cytometry by time of flight, is a single-cell-based platform that utilizes antibodies conjugated to rare heavy metal ions for analysis of cellular proteins by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This new technology allows for the evaluation of >40 simultaneous cellular parameters in a single sample because the limitation of spectral overlap, seen in conventional flow cytometry, is eliminated. In this review, we discuss the current state of mass cytometry, describe the advantages and disadvantages compared with multiparameter flow cytometry, introduce novel methods of high-dimensional data analysis and visualization, and review some recent studies using mass cytometry to profile the immune systems of healthy people and transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri M. Krams
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven Schaffert
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Audrey H. Lau
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia M. Martinez
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA,Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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20
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Gulley JL, Berzofsky JA, Butler MO, Cesano A, Fox BA, Gnjatic S, Janetzki S, Kalavar S, Karanikas V, Khleif SN, Kirsch I, Lee PP, Maccalli C, Maecker H, Schlom J, Seliger B, Siebert J, Stroncek DF, Thurin M, Yuan J, Butterfield LH. Immunotherapy biomarkers 2016: overcoming the barriers. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:29. [PMID: 28653584 PMCID: PMC5359902 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This report summarizes the symposium, 'Immunotherapy Biomarkers 2016: Overcoming the Barriers', which was held on April 1, 2016 at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland. The symposium, cosponsored by the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI), focused on emerging immunotherapy biomarkers, new technologies, current hurdles to further progress, and recommendations for advancing the field of biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, 10 Center Dr., 13 N240, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, 41 Medlars Dr, Bldg 41 Rm D702D, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center/Ontario Cancer Institute, RM 9-622, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandra Cesano
- NanoString, Inc., 500 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Center, 4805 NE Glisan Street, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, S5-105, 1470 Madison Avenue, Box 1128, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sylvia Janetzki
- ZellNet Consulting, Inc., 555 North Avenue, Fort Lee, NJ, 07024, USA
| | - Shyam Kalavar
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Vaios Karanikas
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Wagistrasse 18, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samir N Khleif
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CN-2101A, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ilan Kirsch
- Adaptive Biotechnologies, Inc., 1551 Eastlake Ave. E., Seattle, WA, 98102, USA
| | - Peter P Lee
- Department of Immuno-oncology, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Holden Maecker
- Stanford University Medical Center, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Room 8B09, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, Halle, Germany
| | - Janet Siebert
- CytoAnalytics, 3500 South Albion Street, Cherry Hills Village, CO, 80113, USA
| | - David F Stroncek
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Magdalena Thurin
- National Cancer Institute, Cancer Diagnosis Program, DCTD, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Jianda Yuan
- Early Clinical Oncology Development, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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21
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Beausang JF, Fan HC, Sit R, Hutchins MU, Jirage K, Curtis R, Hutchins E, Quake SR, Yabu JM. B cell repertoires in HLA-sensitized kidney transplant candidates undergoing desensitization therapy. J Transl Med 2017; 15:9. [PMID: 28086979 PMCID: PMC5237299 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease. Sensitization refers to pre-existing antibodies against human leukocyte antigen (HLA) protein and remains a major barrier to successful transplantation. Despite implementation of desensitization strategies, many candidates fail to respond. Our objective was to determine whether measuring B cell repertoires could differentiate candidates that respond to desensitization therapy. Methods We developed an assay based on high-throughput DNA sequencing of the variable domain of the heavy chain of immunoglobulin genes to measure changes in B cell repertoires in 19 highly HLA-sensitized kidney transplant candidates undergoing desensitization and 7 controls with low to moderate HLA sensitization levels. Responders to desensitization had a decrease of 5% points or greater in cumulated calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) levels, and non-responders had no decrease in cPRA. Results Dominant B cell clones were not observed in highly sensitized candidates, suggesting that the B cells responsible for sensitization are either not present in peripheral blood or present at comparable levels to other circulating B cells. Candidates that responded to desensitization therapy had pre-treatment repertoires composed of a larger fraction of class-switched (IgG and IgA) isotypes compared to non-responding candidates. After B cell depleting therapy, the proportion of switched isotypes increased and the mutation frequencies of the remaining non-switched isotypes (IgM and IgD) increased in both responders and non-responders, perhaps representing a shift in the repertoire towards memory B cells or plasmablasts. Conversely, after transplantation, non-switched isotypes with fewer mutations increased, suggesting a shift in the repertoire towards naïve B cells. Conclusions Relative abundance of different B cell isotypes is strongly perturbed by desensitization therapy and transplantation, potentially reflecting changes in the relative abundance of memory and naïve B cell compartments. Candidates that responded to therapy experienced similar changes to those that did not respond. Further studies are required to understand differences between these two groups of highly sensitized kidney transplant candidates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1118-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Christina Fan
- Immumetrix, LLC, 3183 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Rene Sit
- CareDx, 3260 Bayshore Blvd, Brisbane, CA, 94005, USA
| | | | - Kshama Jirage
- Immumetrix, LLC, 3183 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Rachael Curtis
- Immumetrix, LLC, 3183 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Edward Hutchins
- Immumetrix, LLC, 3183 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julie M Yabu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 750 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
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